Meiosis and Genetics Test Review Sheet

Cancer 1. What is a growth factor? When are they released normally? How do cancer cells react to growth factors? 2. What is density dependent inhibition? 3. What is anchorage dependence? 4. What is metastasis? 5. What is the difference between a benign and a malignant tumor? 6. Explain the relationship between proto-oncogenes and oncogenes? 7. What does the Ras gene do? Why can it cause problems if there is a mutation? 8. What does the p53 gene do? Why can it cause problems if there is a mutation? 9. T or F. Most cancers result from a single mutation.

Meiosis 1. Go over the terms from the reading guide. (Heredity, variation, genes…) 2. What is asexual reproduction? What is its major drawback? 3. What is a somatic cell? A gamete? 4. What is a karyotype? 5. Know the terms describing a chromosome (centromere, homologous, sister chromatid…) 6. What is an allele? 7. What is the difference between a diploid and a haploid cell? How is the ploidy of a cell represented? 8. Know what is happening in each of the stages of meiosis. Know the position and structure of the chromosomes, nuclear membrane, centrosomes, and spindle fibers at each stage. 9. What is the difference between mitosis and cytokinesis? 10. What are the three ways in which meiosis generates genetic diversity?

Mendelian Genetics 1. What is the blending theory of inheritance? What is the particle theory? 2. Why were garden peas a good experimental organism for Gregor Mendel? 3. Explain Mendel’s experiments, include an explanation of why they always ended in a 3: 1 ratio in the F2 generation. 4. Explain Mendel’s law of segregation. Explain his law of independent assortment. 5. Know the differences between homozygous and heterozygous, dominant and recessive, and genotype and phenotype. 6. What is a test cross? When is it used? 7. Know how to solve the different kinds of genetics problems (monohybrid, dihibrid…) 8. Know the terms: pleiotropy, epistasis, incomplete dominance, codominance, polygenic inheritance, multiple alleles..) 9. Be able to read/create a pedigree chart. The Chromosomal Basis of Heredity 1. What does “chromosome theory” state? What advancement led to the connection between Mendel’s ideas and chromosomes? 2. What did Thomas Hunt Morgan do? 3. Why was Drosphilia a good choice for an experimental organism? 4. Be able to do a genetics cross where the gene is sex linked? 5. What chromosome are sex linked traits found on? 6. What is a linkage map? How is it constructed? 7. Explain the different systems for sex determination. 8. What is a Barr body? How is it inactivated? How does it result in a mosaic female for certain traits? 9. How does nondisjunction occur? What can result from nondisjunction? 10. What is a deletion? Duplication? Translocation? Inversion? 11. What genes are found in the mitochondrial genome? What inheritance pattern do they follow?