POST/HIST 187 the History and Politics of World Soccer

POST/HIST 187 The History and Politics of World Soccer Spring 2006 MWF 11:00-11:50 Broad Performance Space (Friday Section 2: Broad Center 209, 12-1pm)

Andre Wakefield Scott 226 [email protected] 607-3068 Office Hours: MW12:30-2pm

Nigel Boyle Scott 217l [email protected] 607-3770 Office Hours T 12-1, Th 12-2pm

This course examines topics in the history and politics of world soccer. We will see how culture, politics and history play themselves out upon the stage of stadium and field, from fascist Italy to indomitable Cameroon. We will see how the World Cup has become a catalyst for political and cultural debate, and how it has made, and undermined, political regimes. And we will try to understand the game as others, in different times and places, have seen it: a game freighted with meaning and beauty.

We will meet three times each week. Two of those sessions will be large plenary gatherings, dedicated to exploring the history and politics of the game. We will use certain Fridays to break into two groups, in order to analyze material in greater detail. Other Fridays will have feature guests or student panels. WebCt will serve as a forum for online discussion throughout the term.

Lectures and discussion sections will be focused on discrete topics but there are several recurring themes in the course.

 How did soccer become the world’s hegemonic sports culture, but not America’s?  Why is the World Cup so strongly related to nationalism and national identity?  How have colonial legacies and economic systems shaped the game?  How has the organization of FIFA and national Associations shaped the modern game?  How has the game been manipulated for political purposes? How has it served some leaders and destroyed others?  Does soccer express culture?

The course is organized in a roughly chronological fashion.

 In the first part of the course (weeks 1-3) we will examine the emergence of modern soccer as “the global game.”  In the second part of the course (weeks 4-6) we will examine the role of world soccer in times of conflict, exploring issues such as Nationalism, Fascism, Imperialism, Stalinism and the Cold War.  In the third part of the course (weeks 7-9) we will consider the iconic players and teams in World Cup History: Pelé /Brazil, Cruyff/Holland and Maradona/Argentina, and their larger political significance.  In the final part of the course (weeks 10-15) we will explore contemporary soccer regionally, examining in turn the former Soviet Bloc, Africa, the USA, multicultural Europe, and Asia. We will end with a look forward to World Cup 2006.

Materials

All required readings will be available either (1) as PDF files on WebCT or (2) for purchase at Huntley.

A. Markovitz and S. Hellerman, Offside: Soccer and American Exceptionalism. Princeton, 2001. ISBN: 0-691-07447-X. (Available at Huntley)

Eduardo Galeano, Soccer in Sun and Shadow. Translated by Mark Fried. Verso, 1999. ISBN: 1859842305. (Sections available on WebCT, with copies at Huntley shortly.)

In addition, viewing some film/video will be required (other film/video will be recommended). Film/video will be made available through Pitzer’s AV office. Required: History of Soccer: The Beautiful Game (TBG) – excerpts, The Game of Their Live, World Cup 1966 Final Recommended non-required parts of History of Soccer: The Beautiful Game (TBG), Victory, the Great Escape, The Boys From Brazil, The Cup, Bend It Like Beckham, La Haine.

Everyone, without exception, will be required to log on to the course website (WebCT) within the first week of the course. In order to log on, you will need to go to http://webct.claremont.edu. Once there, enter your 8 digit WebCT ID number (your student ID # minus the first “0” and the last “1”, e.g., 50010344) and your WebCT password, which was sent to your e-mail account at the beginning of the year from Jeremy Whaley. If you have lost your password, if the course does not appear in your WebCT account, or if you otherwise have trouble logging in, please go to the computer lab or call Ext. 73065 right away and get it sorted out. Professors Wakefield and Boyle will not deal with your technical problems on this. Those who have not signed on to the course website by January 25 will be dropped from the course. No excuses, no exceptions.

Field Trip

The class will travel to the Home Depot Center on the evening of Wednesday, February 8 to see the Los Angeles Galaxy play South Korea’s World Cup team. Please make a note of it.

The following events are also recommended: Sunday, January 29 at 2pm: U.S. vs. Norway, Home Depot Center, Carson. Wednesday, February 15: Mexico vs. South Korea (Los Angeles) Monday, February 20: The World Cup Trophy on view in LA.

Grading 1. Midterm exam (March 24) 25%. 2. Final Exam. (May 11) 25%.

3. Participation (attendance, class, and WebCT) 25%. Students must post questions and thoughts about the subject matter (lectures and readings) at least once each week. Students will be expected to participate actively in Friday discussion sections.

4. World Cup 2006 Country Project 25%. Each student in the class will choose or be assigned one of the countries participating in World Cup 2006. You will produce two 8 page papers about your country. The first, due March 10, will be an overview of the history and politics of your country, especially as it relates to football. The second, due April 21, will focus on a particular theme of your choosing.

Semester Calendar

Week 1: Soccer, History and Politics Wednesday, January 18. Course Introduction

Friday, January 20. Discussion Sections Introduction

Week 2: Origins and Origin Myths Monday January 23. Folk Football, Violence and Social Control Elias, “Folk Football” (WebCT) TBG (Origins: Pure Genius, The Early Years, Reform)

Wednesday, January 25: Industrial Society and Modern Sports Culture Markovits and Hellerman pp. 1-99 TBG (Origins: The People’s Game)

Friday, January 27: Discussion Sections.

Sunday, January 29. U.S. vs. Norway (optional)

Week 3: Schools, Professionalization and Diffusion: Soccer until 1914. Monday, January 30. US Soccer and the World Cup: Guest Speaker Steve Sampson (Coach of LA Galaxy and US World Cup Team - aka the Great Satan – in 1998) TBG (Soccer Cultures: USA, Iran)

Wednesday February 1 American Football, Baseball and Soccer: Organization, Diffusion and Hegemony. Szymanski and Zimbalist “How soccer spread around the world when baseball didn’t” (WebCT). Allen Sack “When Yale Spirit Vanquished Harvard Indifference” Harvard Magazine, November 1975 (WebCT). Reisman and Denney, “Football in America: A study in Cultural Diffusion” (WebCT).

Friday, February 3. The Long Nineteenth Century. Galeano, 1-38. Week 4: Interwar Soccer, Fascism and Neo-Fascism Monday, February 6. The Danubian School, Democracy and Fascism. Galeano, pp. 38-85 TBG (Evolution of the European Game: Pioneers, Danubian School, Vittorio Pozzo’s Italia)

Wednesday February 8 LA Galaxy versus S. Korea (field trip)

Wednesday, February 8. Ultras, Sectarians, Anti-Semites and Hooligans Franklin Foer “How Soccer Explains…Gangsters Paradise, …Pornography of Sects, …the Jewish Question, …the Sentimental Hooligan” (WebCT). TBG (The Dark Side: Death on the Terraces Heysel, Death on the Terraces Hillsborough, Trouble on the Terraces, and “Heysel Remembered”).

Friday, February 10. Guest Speaker: Tony Crowley. Football: a (Liverpool) fan’s eye view.

Week 5: Soccer, Nazism and Resistance Monday, February 13. Fußball and the Third Reich. Dougan, Dynamo, pp. 23-78 (WebCT) TBG (The Dark Side Ch 1 The Death Match)

Wednesday February 15 South Korea versus Mexico (optional)

Wednesday, February 15. Soccer and Resistance: FitzcultHura, Lobanovsky, Sunyol, Michels Dougan, Dynamo, pp. 134-154 and 168-180 (WebCT) TBG (Soccer Cultures: The Death Match) Burns Barça: a Peoples’s Passion Ch. 5 “Death in the Afternoon” and Ch. 10 “The Flying Dutchman” (WebCT). P. Ball Morbo Ch 5. “White Noise: Madrid and the Legacy of Franco” pp. 113-40. Recommended Film Victory

Friday February 17 Guest speaker: Bill Swartz. Soccer Cultures: a Coaches’ eye view.

Week 6: De Oranje and Neuroses Monday, February 20. Dutch Soccer to July 7 1974 Winner, Brilliant Orange, pp. 44-66, 85-115. (WebCT) TBG (European Superpowers: A Northern Response, Total Soccer)

Wednesday, February 22. Dutch Soccer since July 7 1974: neurosis and multiculturalism Winner pp. 160-167, 188-207 and 221-226 (WebCT).

Friday, February 24. Discussion sections: The first paper.

Week 7: Soccer and War in South America Monday, February 27. Soccer Wars and South American Politics Galeano, 85-131. TBG (South American Superpowers: River Plate, Uruguay’s Golden Age, Argentina’s isolation) TBG (The Dark Side: The Soccer War)

Wednesday, March 1. Menotti, Galtieri, Ardiles, Thatcher and the Hand of God M. Thatcher The Downing Street Year “The Falklands: Victory” (WebCT). S. Kuper “The Conflict Lives On: how the battles moved away from the islands and on to the pitch” (Guardian Special 2002). TBG (South American Superpowers: The Decade of the Dictators, Passion)

Friday, March 3. Discussion sections: the first paper (continued)

Week 8: Futebol-arte, Pelé and Brazil. Monday, March 6. The Holy Trinity: Pelé, Cruyff and Maradona TBG (Superstars: Pele, Garrincha, Best, Cruyff, Maradona))

Wednesday, March 8. Brazil Takes Over. Galeano, pp. 131-160. TBG (Brazil)

Friday March 10. First paper due. Review for Midterm.

March 11-19 Spring Break

Week 9: 1966: N. Korea v. Italy, England v. Germany Monday, March 20. The Cult of Personality: 1966 The Game of Their Lives)

4:15 Showing of The Game of their Lives and talk by film-maker Daniel Gordon. Hahn 101 (Pomona)

Wednesday, March 22. “And They Think It’s All Over…” Ulrich Hesse-Lichtenberger Tor!: The Story of German Football Ch. 11 “”Victory Turns Sour” (WebCT). Film: 1966 World Cup Final Optional Films: Victory, The Great Escape

Friday March 24 Midterm Exam.

Week 10: Proletarians and Communists Monday, March 27. The Great British Proletarians: Busby, Stein, Shankly, Clough and Ferguson. H. McIlvanney McIlvanney on Football (Excerpts)

Wednesday, March 29. Socialist Football Styles the Soviet Bloc Wilson, Behind the Curtain (WebCT)

Friday, March 31 (No class –Cesar Chavez) Week 11: African Soccer 1956-2010 Monday, April 3. Kwame Nkrumah, Colonialism, and the United States of Africa. Paul Darby, Africa, Football and FIFA, pp. 23-42 (WebCT) TBG (Africa)

Wednesday, April 5. African Cup of Nations, Egypt Jan/Feb 2006 TBG (For Club and Country: a Conflict of Interests) Reading TBA (WebCT)

Friday, April 7. Guest Speaker Jen Scanlon. American Exceptionalism and Women’s Soccer.

Week 12: U.S. Soccer, U.S. Exceptionalism Revisited Monday, April 10. History of U.S. Soccer: NASL, MLS Glanville, pp. 124-151 (WebCT) Allen, pp. 17-29 (WebCT) Markovits and Hellerman, pp. 99-161.

Wednesday April 12. 1994 and 1999 US World Cups Markovits and Hellerman pp. 162-273 Foer “How Soccer Explains the American Culture Wars” (WebCT).

Friday, April 14. Guest Speaker Stu McConnell and Steve Glass. Baseball, Soccer and American Exceptionalism.

Week 13: Immigrants, Nations, Loyalties, Identities Monday, April 17. Jurgens, “Plotting Immigration,” 1-30 (WebCT).

Wednesday, April 19. Zizou and 1998: National Identity in the New Europe Martin Baldwin-Edwards and Martin Schain, "The Politics of Immigration"(WebCT). Rogers Brubaker Citizenship and Nationalism in France and Germany Ch 1 TBG (For Club and Country: a French Renaissance) Recommended Films: Bend it Like Beckham, La Haine

Friday, April 21. Dan Calichman. Professional Soccer: MLS and J-League.

Week 14: Asian Soccer: 2002 and Beyond Monday, April 24. Japanese Soccer Reading: TBA (WebCT) TBG (Futures: Japan)

Wednesday, April 26. Chinese Soccer Nationalism, Korea and Japan N. Boyle “Why do the Chinese not chant Tai Haningo!?” Beijing Youth Daily, July 2, 2002. TBG (Futures: China, Korea)

Friday, April 28. Senior Final exam (27+ seniors)

Week 15: Globalization and World Cup 2006 Monday, May 1. FIFA, UEFA, and the Money Game Galeano, pp. 160-210

Wednesday, May 3. Forza Globalization, Soccer’s most important players: Berlusconi, Murdoch, Globo, Cisneros, Abramowitz, Adidas, Glazer TBG (The Media: Commercialism and 6 A Global Brand) Szymanski and Zimbalist “What Americans need to know about world soccer and what the world needs to know about American Baseball”

Friday, May 5. To Germany!

Thursday, May 11: 9-12 Non-senior Final Exam