Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Science Karnataka Bangalore s1

RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCE KARNATAKA BANGALORE

ANNEXURE – II

APPLICATION FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION 1 Name of the candidate and Dr. SEEMA D. address Department of Materia Medica HKE’s Homoeopathic Medical College Sedam Road Gulbarga - 585105 2 Name of the institution HKE’s Homeopathic medical college and hospital. Sedam road Gulbarga - 585105 3 Course of study and subject MD(homoeo) Materia Medica 4 Date of admission to the course 15-06-2009 5 Title of the topic A Brief Study Of Nosodes With Special Emphasis On Tuberculinum In Clinical Practice 6 Brief resume of the intended work 6.1 Need for study The subject of nosodes provides a most interesting study to the homoeopath and yet, strangely the nosodes seem to have received much less attention that they deserve, in spite of their great utility and efficacy when indicated in practice. Goldberg says, “it may be aptly said of the nosodes that they have the unusual distinction of being the most abused, unused and misused of all the remedies in the homoeopathic materia medica. Some physicians use them routinely, others use them rarely or not at all” Nosodes are the drugs prepared from products of some specific diseases. The first impression they carry is of being an isopathic remedy, which is very obvious. The nosodes, however are not merely indicated in giving in specific disaease (as in allopathy) or to the same disease (as in isopathy) but, have a wide sphere of action when used homoeopathically. Various explanations have been offered to prove that potentization alters the nature of the original substance so that the resulting product becomes similar and not identical. The term NOSODES comes from Hering which originates from GREEK word ‘noso-‘ a prefix which is added to the word giving an idea of disease. While Herring enriched Homoeopathy by introducing a whole new source of drugs, master Hahnemann also has made a short proving of ‘Psorin’ and from there on, several others have contributed to our material medica wioth proving of different nosodes. Nosodes are not merely a remedy indicated for the specific disease, they have a wide range of action and when given by correct symptomatic matching, they give wonderful results. A nosode as familiarly known is not just a ,very good intercurrent remedy’ but every well proved nosode has great potentiality as any other homoeopathic drug of effecting cure when matched symptomatically. They come to the help of a homoeopath at critical phases of case. The use of nosodes, although having such an enormous potentiality to effect cure homoeopathically, is narrowed down to very limited cases, used more as just an intercurrent. The need therefore arises to make a critical study of the nosodes and explore different avenues of this source with respect to its use as a homoeopathic remedy under different circumstances in different cases. 6.2 Review of literature 1.The term nosode is due to Herring, and has been derived from the Greek word ‘NOSO’ which signifies the prefix added to the word to form an idea of disease, indicating a relation to the disease (in general) It may also be compared with Latin word ‘Noxa’ which means damage (noxious) Nosodotherapy will then be the therapeutic use of organic reactional wastes or some etiological factors which are the sources of damage to the disease. For P. Schmidt, the nosode is an isopathic remedy, “if it is applied after having experimented on healthy man, it becomes a nosode.” Allendy defines in short thus: the nosode is characterized by a pathological substance used as the medicine prepared in advance and according to the homoeopathic method of dilution.The nosodes are some homoeopathic preparations obtained from microbe culture, from viruses, pathological secretions and excretions. The nosodes are prepared in two ways according as they come from cultures of microbes(simple nosodes) or from complex organic products. The simple nosodes should satisfy some trials of sterility. The first centesimal dilution and a fortiori, the following dilutions cultured on different bacteriological ground should not give birth to any culture”. Ref no.1 2. “A nosode is an isopathic remedy consisting of the products of some specific disease administered in minute doses for the cure of the same disease. The definition applies better to allopathy than to homoeopathy, because in old school practice, a vaccine is administered specifically for its own disease, whereas in homoeopathy, a nosode is given in potentized form on symptomatic as well as clinical indications. In allopathic practice, vaccines are used mostly for acute conditions, while in homoeopathy, nosodes have been used for chronic conditions as much for the acute. It is in the use of nosodes that the two schools have the most nearly common ground. Hahnemann made a short proving of Psorin(the secretion from the scabies vesicle), but he places no isopathic remedies in his list of antipsoric remedies because their effect upon healthy organisms had not been sufficiently ascertained during his days. However, he held that psorin was altered to a homoeopathic remedy by the process of triturition and succusion and that, it is a similimum for the itch virus. Since Hahnemann’s time, through provings and clinical experience, several other nosodes have been added to our materia medica.” Ref. no.2 3. “The use of nosodes belongs to homoeopathy and it is for the homoeopaths to make the most of them. Dr. Roux had admitted that his Diphtherinum treatment is on homoeopathic lines, and it is the fault of homoeopaths if all the world is not made to admit it by and by. How much homoeopathy might do with nosodes, the work of Dr. Burnett with the virus of Tubercle is sufficient to disclose. That was not the only nosode he used, but it illustrates all the rest. Our nosodes, it should be noticed, are not mere remedies for the diseases they are derived from; they have a much wider range. Indeed in many cases, they are less useful in the disease itself than in a host of allied conditions. Tuberculinum or Bacillinum will not do so much in the acute stage of phthisis as in chronic or latent stages, so that they are not to be used in a wholesale fashion. They are subject to law of similars like other homoeopathic remedies. The homoeopath cannot, if he should wish to do so, dispense with the use of his brains at any stage of his work.” Ref no.3 4. “We consider the use of nosodes in three respects- Prophylaxis – there is evidence that immunity to smallpox can be achieved by homoeopathy, in a more satisfactory way. There is evidence also that children given variolinum in potency are immune to cow-pox inoculation. Acute diseases – it is difficult to imagine that a better result could be obtained by nosodes in the average case than by an accurately prescribed remedy in high potency. Chronic diseases – the indication of primary importance is where an acute infection marks the onset of chronic disease”. Ref. no.4 5. “Great objections have been made to the use of nosodes as remedies in homoeopathic practice. It is well that you understand the prejudice which you will meet, both among the laity and in the profession. Objections have been made to Psorinum, which is obtained from the itch eruption and also Syphilinum, the syphilitic poison, on the ground that they are nasty and filthy. This objection is certainly absurd, because nobody could, for one minute, entertain the idea of administering these substances in a low potency; this being the case, no one will maintain that there is anything disagreeable to one’s feeling in administering to a patient ‘Psorinum’ say two hundredth potency. Another objection that has been raised against the nosodes, which apparently carries some weight with it is that, the use of these substances interferes with the progress of homoeopathy by confusing it with Isopathy. We may give as many explainations as we will but we must always keep in view the facts of the case. Correctly applied, there are no isopathic remedies. What I call pure isopathy is the practice proposed by Dr. Swan of New York. For example, if a patient is so constituted that he cannot eat strawberry and administers it to the patient and claims that thus, the idiosyncracy is destroyed. Isopathy rests on the bold assertion that, what causes disease will cure it when administered in high potency. The use of nosodes in homoeopathic practice differs from this, because, in homoeopathy we start with as experimental fact. We have taken these substances, proved them on the healthy, and have administered them at bedside. We have found them efficacious; therefore, we have the right to claim them as medicines as we have on any other medicinal substances”. Ref. no.5 6. Indications of nosodes –  For prophylaxis – Dr. wheeler recommends that, in epidemic the corresponding nosode in the 30th potency will protect for at least a fortnight. Others like Dr. Grimmer recommend one year dose in high potency once a year.  For remote causes – where the patient says that he has not been well since a certain illness. Eg- influenza, whooping cough, measles, septic tonsillitis etc.  As compliment – for assisting the effects of the main remedy both acute and chronic where, though indicated, the similimum does not act well. Eg. – Psorinum in chronic eczema.  For initiating treatment in condition where the indications for any regular drug are not clear. Guy Berkly Sterns recommends Influenzinum in diseases of nervous system and cardiac diseases.  The indicated remedy does not hold good when there is family history of tuberculosis, cancer, syphilis, sycosis etc.  Where there is similarity in the patient symptoms and signs of the nosode. Eg- Pertussin in spasmodic cough with fever.  Where convalescence after an acute disease is unduly slow, when the patient is apt to relapse and when after an acute infectious disease, the patient though apparently well, does not pick up health. It is useful in patients who do not recover fully after typhoid.  Where well recognized symptoms of a nosode are present. Eg- Medorrhinum – amelioration by lying on knee chest position. Pneumococcin – sweet tasting perspiration. Tuberculinum – constantly catching cold in children. Ref. no.6 7. Tuberculinum Synonyms : tubercle bacilli, mycobacterium tuberculosis – hominis, - bovis, and – aviare. Preparation of different varieties of tuberculins. a. Burnett’s bacillinum(originally called tuberculinum) was prepared Dr. Heath from tubercular ulcer from cow’s lung containing tubercular bacilli. b. Dr. Kent’s tuberculin was prepared from the infected lymph gland of cattle. It is also called Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Bovis. c. Koch’s tuberculin was prepared from culture of tubercular bacilli macerated in glycerin broth. It is called ‘old tuberculin’. Dr. F. Bernoville of France found to his great surprise that this proving of Koch’s tuberculin resembles the symptoms of psora. d. Tuberculinum aviare is prepared from infected liver of chicken. Dr. Francois Cartier found it useful in bronchopneumonia of children and persistent cough after influenza and measles. Ref. no.6 6.3 Objective of the study 1. To study and assess the efficacy of nosodes in treating different types of diseases. 2. To show how tuberculinum can be used n different cases to affect a rapid and permanent cure. 7 Materials and methods 7.1 Sources of data H.K.E.’s homoeopathic medical college and hospital IPD and OPD’s. 7.2 Method of collection of data 1. By interrogation of the individual Including sampling procedure if case. any 2. By physical examination of the patient and routine lab investigations. 3. Sample size – 30 cases are to be studied. 4. Sampling procedure – samples collected using the simple random sampling technique. 5. Data analyzed by x^2 test(chi square test) 6. Inclusion criteria - Patients of all age group and of both sexes from all socio-economic strata who fall under the domain of tuberculinum are included. 7. Exclusion criteria – Diseases with irreversible pathological changes. Bowel nosodes are excluded. 8. duration of the study 01-12-2009 to 30-11-2011 7.3 Does the study require any The study requires the following investigations or intervention to investigations to be conducted on be conducted on patients or patients. other humans or animals? a. Complete blood picture. If so please describe briefly b. Radiograph of the part affected c. USG. 7.4 Whether ethical clearance has Yes, ethical clearance has been obtained been obtained from your from the institution. institution in case of 7.3 8 List of references 1. Dr. Julian O.A. Materia medica of nosodes with repertory. B. Jain publishers Reprint of 2nd revised edition 2000 Page no. 95-97 2. Dr. Mathur K.N. Principles of prescribing B. Jain publishers Reprint edition 2000 Page no. 407-408 3. Dr. Tylor M.L. Homoeopathic heritage May – June 2001 4. Dr. Fougbistar D.M. Homoeopathic heritage May- June 2001 5. Dr. Farrington E.A. Clinical materia medica B. Jain publishers Reprint edition 2005 6. Dr. Mathur K.N. Systematic materia medica of homoeopathic remedies B. Jain publishers

9. Signature of the candidate 10. Remarks of the guide 11. Name and designation of (in block letters) 11.1 Guide Dr. S.S.JAMBALADINNI M.D.(Homoeo) Prof. dept. of Materia Medica HKE’s homoeopathic medical college Gulbarga. 11.2 Signature 11.3 Co-guide(if any) 11.4 Signature 11.5 Head of the department Dr. RAJESHWARI K. M.D.(Homeo) Prof. and HOD dept. of materia medica HKE’s homoeopathic medical college Gulbarga 11.6 Signature 12 12.1 Remarks of the chairman and Principal 12.2 Signature