DOCSLIB.ORG

USAF Withdrawal from Southeast Asia T- IRIS Number 1009462, Call Number K717.D423-1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
USAF Withdrawal from Southeast Asia T- IRIS Number 1009462, Call Number K717.D423-1 This document is made available through the declassification efforts and research of John Greenewald, Jr., creator of: The Black Vault The Black Vault is the largest online Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) document clearinghouse in the world. The research efforts here are responsible for the declassification of hundreds of thousands of pages released by the U.S. Government & Military. Discover the Truth at: http://www.theblackvault.com DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE AIR FORCE HISTORICAL RESEARCH AGENCY MAXWELL AIR FORCE BASE, ALABAMA 30 September 2009 AFHRAlRSA 600 Chennault Circle Maxwell AFB, AL 36112-6424 (334) 953-5834 John Greenewald Dear Mr. Greenewald, I am writing in response to your FOIA request. which we received on 17 September 2009. We have aSSigned this request AFHRA inquiries reference number 903. Since your request was made under provisions of the Freedom of Information Act it has been designated FOIA number 2009-3962F. Enclosed is a copy of the requested document, ·USAF withdrawal from Southeast Asia t- IRIS number 1009462, Call number K717.D423-1 . If you have any other questions, please let us know. Thank you for your request. Sincerely. Kevin Burge Archivist AFHRNRSA Attachments: 1. · USAF withdrawal from Southeast Asia,- IRIS number 1009462, Call number K717.0423-1 • • DECLASSIFIED SAF/AAZD BY AFHRA 11 ; ,"') .-- ' CORONA HARVEST I USAF FORCE WITHDRAWAL FROM I. SOUTHEAST ASIA . I 1 JANUARY 1970 - 30 JUNE 1971(U) I I PREPARED BY HQ PACAF CH pr tr~'.d. 8 y If<!l. y>'!cl'\f , .~ CLASSIFIED lIY CINe. 'PIJCAfI c. c- =0-_-,-.;:.,.1 ~ -- I SURIEC1' TO r.F.l'ry;: lt .. L flV.r.LA&C;l'FlC'ATlON ' 1 \. fry- f'-..f;(?'''- -zj S(':Hf.PUT J+: ()r- rXVI1 JTWP; ()IItDFI\ 1l()52 ../ I It' ~ .-<--'-'0, ~ Al!T():'-f .4 T lr.;\LT,Y Th}'q,,·r,PAnf,O AT TWO YEAR t · ~- . ~ II'TF.lIVALS [)F.CLA~S''''F.(l ON DECEMBER v ,. .~~--- oJ" I a ~ I \ I . J . C 31, [-, \ '.. ~ - (J , ~ \ . ~~ . - .& '\. , .. ' ~ ~ a I r:< • DECLASSIFIED OOA-72-1( ••' SAF/AAZD BY AFHRA c:.y lID OF It. - DECLASSIFIED > SAF/AA'll> BY AFHRA OJJ{/ (;l ..... :c ; , "¥'15 i~ • " " {~ " ~'" ,c-, \'i ~ A > ~ •• ;j :.:: "I ., -< 0 \oj PROJECT CORONA HARV EST ~ I ~ 't • "- l STUD Y ... USAF FORCE IIITHDRAWAL • FROM SOUTHEAST ASIA •( 1 JANUARY 1970-30 JUNE 1971 (U) MICROFILMED BY HOTM; ),., L ) '" ~ j(i11.o;n-1 y \ ''\;. .i;w.alJ) ,,(JJJ. ~ ~ , l. / • Prepared 'by : • Headquarters PACA F • L. D. CLAY . Jr•• G Commander in Chi ef Pacific Air Force s I 31 MaY 1972 I (Corrected copy : see p. i i.) HQ PACAF DOA-72-1014 I CY , ~ OF i1L CYS .. DECLASSIFIED • SAF/AAZD BY AFHRA I UNCLA !S fi.FIED I ABSTAINER I The evaluations in this document repre~ent the efforts of .gev~al working groups and critique panels of USAF officers who -were knowledgeable in the subjects addressed. Tney were based on reports, letters, message s, etc.) written during the cour~e of the war without benefit of a long .term per6p~ctive. The CaRONA HARVEST reports were prepared to acquaint present and future Air Force leaders with air power lessons learned during the Southeast Asia conflict. The CCRONA HARVEST project loo·a.s not undertaken to produce a historical report, but rather was designed to point out problems experienced, identify areas which deserved further study, and recommend future courses of action. Little effort was made to balance this material by pointing out the achievements of airpmJer during the conflict. ' ·'l"be docwnent i s the property of the U. S. Government ard is not to be released in whole or in .part without the specific permissi on of HQ USAF (AF/1WDD) . • I I i J UNCLASSIFIED • I UNCLASSIFIED ~i:; .... ~ j s~ ~ ~ I I ) ~~ .5- '"~ )./ ABSTRACT b ~ ~ " ~ C . I ~ ~;1 " ~,... (U) Th j sis the fi rs t COROllA HARVEST s.tudy to a\i'dress -it AF force ~ c.a ~ 0 9' ~ withdrawals from Southeast Asia. Although the COR II~ HARVES V series 'c!i-. ~ I) is concerned with the . January 197D- June 1971 peria ,~ roper reatment of the subject requires that the discussion begin with the first incre- mental withdrawal of U.S. forces in August 1969 . The report documents I problems encountered by the Air Force in mai ntaining an effective force I during the redeployments, enumerates lessons l earned . and offers recommendations . ~ (U) This PACAF study was revised to incorporate the Air Staff , editor 's comments which enhanced cl arity. consistency. syntax , and grammar. The result i s a greatly improved, more readable volume. ) I J I ~ I ) i i I • • UNCLASSIFIED , I TABLE OF CONTENTS Page OISCLAIMER 0 .... i ABSTRACT . 0 • • ; i LIST OF FIGURES v :1 OVERVIEW . • . 1 L BACKGROUND 4 I A. The Pivotal Year 4" I 1. The U.S. Decision to Escalate the War 4 B. 1965-1969--THE ESCALATION YEARS 6 OJ C. EARLY PLANS FOR REDEPLOYMENT . • 6 1. The Manila Conference Communique ' B 2. CINCPAC OPLAN 67 -68 (5067) . 9 1 ) 3. CINCPAC OPLAN 69-69 (5069) .. 9 II. DISCUSSION •• o ••••• ••• 11 A. TROOP WITHDRAWALS BEGIN . 11 1 1. Nixonls Midway Announcement 11 2. The KEYSTONE Redeployments 12 3. The BANNER Redeployments 19 I B. USAF , FORCE PLANNING ' .• .•• '. .. 23 1. Cancel lation of Early, Plans 26 2. Budget Restrictions . .. ., .. 26 3. Political Considerations . 30 4. Additional Considerations 34 S. Vi etnami zatl on . .. .. 40 6. USAF Personnel Management in SEA 42 7. TOY Control in SVN and Thailand 44 S. SVN Personnel Headroom .... 46 9. Thailand Personnel Headroom . 48 C. IMPACT OF FORCE REDUCTIONS ON USAF .. 52 " iii UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 1. Opera ti ons . 52 I . " 2. Personnel 57 3. Air Base Defense 61 I D. USAF EFFECTIVENESS DURING THE REDEPLOYMENTS 63 I III. LESSONS LEARNED AND RECOMMENDATIONS 68 APPENDICES i I U.S. Military Personnel i n Southeast Asia - 1962­ 1971 .' . 75 I II USAF Aircraft Possessed--1 965 - 1971 •• .• • • •• 76 III Southeast Asia Major Base SUll111ary as of June, 1969 77 1 IV USAF Aircraft Deployment i n Southeast Asi. as of June, 1971 .. ..•.. .... 78 1 ) V Air Force Combat Sorties-- 1962-1 971 79 FOOTNOTES 80 I BIBLIOGRAPHY 87 I GLOSSARY • • 92 I I iv r ) UNCLASSIFIED I UNCLASSIFIED I ) LIST OF FIGURES ·Figure No . 1 u.s . Military Personnel i n Southeast Asia 7 2 KEYSTONE Series •• . • • . • . • • 18 3 Force A<jj us tJnent Requi rement Flow Chart 25 I I ~ 1 , I ) v ) UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED OVERVIEW 1 (u) Future historians. in researching the contributions of airpower 1 during the Vietnam war, will find an abundance of ,statistical data relating to U.S. Air Force operations 1n Southeast Asia: Numbers of .bombs dropped. 1 numbers of sorties flown. damages, both sustained and inflicted by U.S. ·a1rcraft. What 1s 11kely to be lost (if precautions are not taken) is i an insight into the problems of USAF management that were experienced I .during the complexities of the buildup of U.S. forces in Southeas-t Asia and the subsequent withdrawing of those forces • . 1 (U) The President's announcement in June 1969 of the unilateral withdrawal of U.S. forces signaled the start o~ a reduction in American I ) involvement in Southeast Asia. That involvement began, for the Air Force. in the fall of 1961 when the first USAF combat unit deployed to Tan Son Nhut Air Base in Saigon. J (U) Executive decisions in 1964 and 1965 resulted in an escalation of the war that required over 500,000 Air Force personnel to see service I in Southeast Asia by the summer of 1971. However, during this same I summer the program of withdrawal of troops from South Vietnam was well underway. and it appeared that the process was to be irreversible . __._-- - .--- -.--.--- ------­ (U) Ostensibly tied to the redeployment schedule for U.S. forces. was the success of Vietnamization--the replacing of American "fighting 1 UNCLASSIFIED · I UNCLASSIFIED I ) men by the improved and modernized Republic of Vietnam's Armed Forces . I B¥ the very nature of the technical expertise required in operating an j air force, a most difficult portion of the responsibility for transferring I the fighting to the Vietnamese fell on the USAF . ' For the same reason, I it could be expected that the USAF would be required to conduct large ­ scale operations in Southeast Asia for an indefinite pe riod after other i U.S. services had sharply reduced their activity in Southeast Asia . (U) Complicating matters for the U.S. military were severe bud­ I get constraints, the first of which followed closely behind the -J President's initial withdrawal announcement . It was due . almost solely, to these budgetary constraints that the American forces in Thailand {which drew far l ess world attention than those forces in i ) South Vietnam} were reduced. Political intervention created addi- tiona l problems for USAF force planners in Thailand where, on occa- J sian, USAF planning was delayed or negated by decisions at the State Departmen.t 1eve l. I (U) Looking back from mid -197l, the President' s program was work ­ ing. The Vietnamese Air Force was providing almost all of the air . .' ---- -_. ~ support for the Army of the Republic of Vietnam in South Vietnam and Cambodia while the USAF was engaged primarily in out-country inter­ diction operations . The enemy had not launched a major offensive in South Vietnam during the two years of U.S . redeployments and American casualties were at their lowest point in years . 2 ; UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED ", I (U) It appeared, then, that the President was making good his I announced goal of providing the Saigon government a reasonable chance for survival .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The SRAO Story by Sue Behrens
    The SRAO Story By Sue Behrens 1986 Dissemination of this work is made possible by the American Red Cross Overseas Association April 2015 For Hannah, Virginia and Lucinda CONTENTS Foreword iii Acknowledgements vi Contributors vii Abbreviations viii Prologue Page One PART ONE KOREA: 1953 - 1954 Page 1 1955 - 1960 33 1961 - 1967 60 1968 - 1973 78 PART TWO EUROPE: 1954 - 1960 98 1961 - 1967 132 PART THREE VIETNAM: 1965 - 1968 155 1969 - 1972 197 Map of South Vietnam List of SRAO Supervisors List of Helpmate Chapters Behrens iii FOREWORD In May of 1981 a group of women gathered in Washington D.C. for a "Grand Reunion". They came together to do what people do at reunions - to renew old friendships, to reminisce, to laugh, to look at old photos of them­ selves when they were younger, to sing "inside" songs, to get dressed up for a reception and to have a banquet with a speaker. In this case, the speaker was General William Westmoreland, and before the banquet, in the afternoon, the group had gone to Arlington National Cemetery to place a wreath at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. They represented 1,600 women who had served (some in the 50's, some in the 60's and some in the 70's) in an American Red Cross program which provided recreation for U.S. servicemen on duty in Europe, Korea and Vietnam. It was named Supplemental Recreational Activities Overseas (SRAO). In Europe it was known as the Red Cross center program. In Korea and Vietnam it was Red Cross clubmobile service.
    [Show full text]
  • 1St Signal Brigade Aviation Vietnam History 1962 - 1972 by David Anderson Satellite 33 STRATCOM 1St SIGNAL BDE Background
    1st Signal Brigade Aviation Vietnam History 1962 - 1972 by David Anderson Satellite 33 STRATCOM 1st SIGNAL BDE Background 21st Signal Group UH-1H at Nha Trang Troposcatter site In May 1960 the Strategic Communications Command (STRATCOM) hired a private firm, Page Communications Engineers, to build a 7,800-mile Pacific Scatter System for the Army along the island chain from Hawaii to the Philippines. In 1962 the Joint Chiefs of Staff approved plans to build a military submarine cable system, known as WETWASH, from the Philippines to South Vietnam to improve the unreliable radio communication links to Vietnam. In January 1962, Page Communications Engineers, began installing Troposcatter equipment (best known for its "billboard" type antennas) within South Vietnam to provide the backbone of a strategic network known as BACKPORCH, which would connect five major cities in South Vietnam with Thailand During 1962, eight company-size aviation units, two specialty aviation detachments, and two maintenance support companies were deployed to Vietnam to support and train the South Vietnamese. The number of US military advisers was increased from 700 to more than 3,400 by the end of 1962. The size of the new deployments and the new mission made an increase in communications support imperative. The first unit of the U.S. Army ground forces to arrive in Vietnam was a communications unit, the 39th Signal Battalion (BN), commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Lotus B. Blackwell. First contingents of the battalion arrived in Vietnam in February 1962; the complete battalion was there by July. Incidentally, the 39th was the last US Army ground force to leave Vietnam in 1973.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Studies Series
    RESEARCH STUDIES SERIES The United States Air Force in Southeast Asia CIVIC ACTION By Betty Barton Christiansen Air Force History and Museums Program WASHINGTON, D. C. 1998 ii CONTENTS Preface ................................................... v I. The Growth of a Concept ..................................... 1 Notes .............................................. 21 II. The Search for Definitions and Applications ...................... 29 Notes .............................................. 59 III. Nation-Building Amid Instability .............................. 71 Notes ............................................. 103 IV. Reviving Pacification and Civic Action Strategies ................. 111 Notes ............................................. 147 V. The Tet Offensive and Operation Recovery ...................... 155 Notes ............................................. 177 VI. Program Refinement ....................................... 183 Notes ............................................. 201 VII. Redefining Seventh Air Force Civic Action ...................... 207 Notes ............................................. 231 VIII. Summary Assessment and Conclusion ......................... 239 Notes ............................................. 261 Appendices .................................................. 267 1. Cost of Civic Action Activities ................................ 269 2. Statistical Breakdown of Projects ............................. 270 3. USAF Medical Civic Action Program .......................... 271 4. Vietnamese Contributions—Labor
    [Show full text]
  • VIÊT NAM WAR NARRATIVE and ANALYSIS – a New Mexican Perspective
    VIÊT NAM WAR NARRATIVE AND ANALYSIS – A New Mexican Perspective Compiled and edited by Lou Hoffman with material reliance on The U.S. Army in Vietnam by Vincent H. Demma, Center of Military History, United States Army and On Strategy – A critical Analysis of the Vietnam War by Col. Harry G. Summers, Jr. DUTY, HONOR, SACRIFICE IT IS SOMETIMES SAID THAT HEROES ARE HARD TO FIND. PEOPLE WHO UNDERSTAND THE MEANING OF DUTY, HONOR AND COUNTRY NEED TO LOOK NO FURTHER THAN THOSE WHO FIGHT FOR FREEDOM AND DEMOCRACY. __________ Tuấn Nguyễn Viêt Nam War Memorial in Sid Goldstein Freedom Park in Westminster, California, USA. Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/29026438@N07/3967701227/ 1 VIÊT NAM WAR NARRATIVE AND ANALYSIS – A New Mexican Perspective Compiled and edited by Lou Hoffman with material reliance on The U.S. Army in Vietnam by Vincent H. Demma, Center of Military History, United States Army and On Strategy – A critical Analysis of the Vietnam War by Col. Harry G. Summers, Jr. BACKGROUND It was the longest war in American history and the most unpopular American war of the twentieth century. Many Americans asked whether the American effort in Viêt Nam was a sin, a blunder, a necessary war, or a noble cause, or an idealistic, if failed, effort to protect the South Viêt Namese from totalitarian government. 3,403,100 personnel, including 514,300 offshore, served in the broader Southeast Asia Theater, which included Viêt Nam, Laos, Cambodia, flight crews based in Thailand and sailors in adjacent South China Sea waters. 2,709,918 Americans served in Viêt Nam.
    [Show full text]
  • Item D Number Osseo Author Year Month/Day Color Number of Images °
    Item D Number osseo D NotScannBfl Author Fox' R°9er p- Office of Air Force History, United States Air Force, Was RBpOrt/ArtlClB Title IV- The Target Air Bases JOUmal/BOOk TltlB Air Base Defense in the Republic of Vietnam, 1961 -197 Year 1979 Month/Day Color D Number of Images ° DeecrlptOlI NotOS ^'so included are two maps. One shows provinces and major cities of South Vietnam, and the other is a 1974 National Academy of Sciences Computer Printout of all defoliation missions in South Vietnam, 1965-1971. Tuesday, March 19, 2002 Page 5560 of 5611 AIR BASE DEFENSE ^ IN THE REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM 1961 -1973 Roger P. Fox OFFICE OF AIR FORCE HISTORY UNITED STATES AIR FORCE WASHINGTON, D.C., 1979 on maximum alert with particular at- tention to the defense of headquarters complexes, logistical installations, air- Sabotage fields, population centers, and bil- lets." •* Of the four threats posed by the VC/NVA to the local security of U.S. The enemy unleashed his main air bases, sabotage was the least sig- attack between 0300 and 0400 local nificant. Despite unlimited opportuni- time on 31 January with about 84,000 ties for sabotage afforded by the thou- troops. In addition to Saigon they as- sands of Vietnamese civilians working saulted 36 of the 44 provincial capi- on these installations, this classic tals, 5 of the 6 autonomous cities, 64 weapon of insurgency warfare was a IV. THE TARGET AIR BASES of the 242 district capitals, and 50 curiosity rather than a commonplace. 115 hamlets. Responding to USMACV Records reveal but one notable case of The majority of bases do not have a positive approach or alerting orders, the Seventh Air Force sabotage at an American base during active planning program for the protection of their opera- Commander directed all bases to adopt the entire war.
    [Show full text]
  • Military Logistics Efforts During the Vietnam War Supply Chain Management on Both Sides
    Journal of Social and Development Sciences (ISSN 2221-1152) Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 57-66, June 2015 Military Logistics Efforts during the Vietnam War Supply Chain Management on Both Sides Hermann Gruenwald Burapha University International College Chonburi, Thailand [email protected] Abstract: This paper analyses the role of military logistics operations during the Vietnam War. It looks at the technical and strategic role of logistics, and the physical obstacles that had to be overcome in Vietnam. The US had highly sophisticated war machinery that was deployed in a country that lacked not only the transportation infrastructure (roads, ports, airports) but also had extreme terrain and climate conditions. On the other hand the Vietnamese had a well-oiled supply chain which often was carried on bicycles and literally on the backs of humans not only along the Ho Chi Minh Trail but throughout the north and south of Vietnam. On the US side helicopters played an important transportation role substituting land transport with air transport. The war effort escalated so rapidly that there was literally no time for logistics advancement operations and prepositioning of assets which resulted in a parallel run of war fighting and logistics operations. Naval operations had to provide their own landing crafts due to the lack of deep seaports with adequate lifting equipment. At the same time airlifts required runways and air- control facilities which needed to be provided by the US. Even the US Department of Defense (DOD) food supply chain was supported from abroad while local war fighters could live off the land. The Vietnam War logistics effort reached over to neighboring countries, and Thailand played an important role with its naval and airbases close to Sattahip, U-Tapao and northern parts of Thailand.
    [Show full text]
  • May and June
    VIETNAM VETERANS OF AMERICA Office of the National Chaplain Taps May/June 2014 MARY ANN (née Frazier) ASH - Died Thursday afternoon, November 14, 2013 at UPAC – Savannah, Georgia at the age of 79. The cause of death is unknown. She was born January 1, 1934 in Savannah. She was a Life Member of Associates of Vietnam Veterans of America – Lawton (Oklahoma) Chapter #751. JAMES R. BARNEKOW, SR. - Died Friday, April 26, 2013 at the Howard Young Medical Center in Woodruff, Wisconsin at the age of 70. He was a resident of Conover, Wisconsin. The cause of death was Diabetes Mellitus Type II, heart disease and end stage renal failure. He was born January 9, 1943 in Goldendale, Wisconsin to the late Maynard and Antoinette Barnekow. He attended Amy Belle Grade School and Germantown High School, playing football, and held numerous records in shot put and discus. In 1963, he enlisted in the United States Marine Corps, stationed at Camp Pendleton, California, overseas duty Argentia, Newfoundland, Canada, where he was commissioned to top-secret post. In addition, Jim played semi-pro football for the Marine Corps in San Diego, Calif. He was honorably discharged in 1967. On November 4, 1967, he married Diane at Saint Columba Catholic Church in Lake Five, Wisconsin. He worked for IBEW, installing high line cross country in southern Wisconsin. Self-employed J&B Trucking 1973 to 2001. The family moved to Eagle River area in 1981, and he did gravel trucking for Pitlik & Wick Inc., Eagle River, 1983 to 2001, and three winters in Florida, taking the family along trucking at Epcot Center, Disney World and around Orlando.
    [Show full text]
  • B-169427, Need for Improving the Program for Use and Redistribution
    .c ,., tl'lt. ir.J . - . 7/-/1Jj ? ~ REPORT TO THE CONGRESS , . Need For Improving The • Program For Use And Redistribution Of Excess Ma:terieJ I,n The Pacific Area '8·169427 Department of Defense BY THE COMPTROLLER GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES .. '" ., . I . ·AJJ G. 1 4. 1 9 7 0 I j • ~_ 1'1 --., l .. I J_ COMPTROLLER GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES WASHINGTON. D .C . ZOS48 B-169427 To the President cf the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives This is our report on the need for improving the Depart­ ment of Defense program for use and redistribution of excess materiel in the Pacific area. Our examination was made pursuant to the Budget and Accounting Act, 1921 (31 U.S.C. 53), and the Accounting and Auditing Act of 1950 (31 U.S.C. 67). Copies of this report are being sent to the Director, Of­ fice of Management and Budget; the Secretary of Defense; the Secretary of the Army; the Secretary of the Navy; and the Secretary of the Air Force. Comptroller General of the United States COMPTROLLER GENERAL 'S NEED FOR IMPROVING THE DEPARTMENT OF REPORT TO THE CONGRESS DEFENSE PROGRAM FOR USE AND REDISTRIBUTION OF EXCESS MATERIEL IN THE PACIFIC AREA B- 169427 ------DIGEST WHY THE REVIEW WAS MADE ~ To obtain maximum use of materiel in the Pacific area, the ~ent of Defense (DOD) established a special program designed to promote redis­ tribution of excess materiel within and among the military services in l that area. One benefit of an effective program is avoiding concurrent procurement and disposal of the same items.
    [Show full text]
  • “Happy Valley” Phan Rang AB, Vietnam ...Keeping the Memories Alive Phan Rang AB News No
    “Happy Valley” Phan Rang AB, Vietnam ...keeping the memories alive Phan Rang AB News No. 113 “Stories worth telling” In this issue: Century Club Formed Here 35th Wing To Observe its 27th Anniversary Aussie Envoy Tours Nugent Flies Viet Missions Forgotten Heroes - U.S. ANG Fighter Squadrons of Vietnam Du Drops Phan Rang AB In The News...Stories With A Phan Rang Connection - Jets Pound Red in Panhandle Your Health In S.E.A. Letters Phan Rang Staff Members Century Club Formed Here (Phan Fare, The Happy Valley Weekly, April 24, 1969) Newest “exclusive” club at Phan Rang Ar Base is the “Century Club.” Conceived by Col. Frank L. Gailer Jr., commander, 35th Tactical Fighter Wing, the club serves as a means of providing adequate recognition to his air crews who complete their first 100 combat missions in Vietnam. On Completion of his 100th sortie in the first of the century series aircraft, the F-100 Supersabre, the pilot -- or if the plane be the 35th’s venerable B-57 Canberra, both pilot and navigator-are greeted on the ramp by a reception committee including their peers, the wing commander or his representative, and member of the wing staff. Following appropriate comments heralding his accomplishment, the aircrewman is presented a parchment certificate giving his membership in the Century Club. Nor does interest drop at that time, but rather, membership is renewed at the 200th combat mission and concludes when the pilot wraps up his tour with his final in-country combat mission. 35th Wing To Observe its 27th Anniversary (Phan Fare, The Happy Valley Weekly, February 13, 1969) Feb.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ambiguous Legacy of Ngô Đình Diệm in South Vietnam's
    RESEARCH ESSAY SEAN FEAR The Ambiguous Legacy of Ngô Đình Diệmin South Vietnam’s Second Republic (–) n November , , Sài Gòn’s Notre Dame Basilica is packed with Ospectators, and the streets outside teem with throngs of onlookers. Vietnam Press, the Republic of Vietnam’s official news service, reports that over five thousand people turn out for the commemorations, which continue later that afternoon at the Mạc Đĩnh Chi Cemetery. In attendance are a number of political notables, including the president’s wife, Vice President TrầnVănHương, several cabinet ministers, and even former Generals Đỗ Mậu and Lê Văn Nghiêm, both noted enemies of the man being honoured. At the cemetery, standing next to the fallen man’s grave, is Trương Công Cừu, Chairman of the Revolutionary Social Humanist Party [ViệtNam Nhân Xã Cách Mạng Đảng], or Nhân Xã, widely known in political circles as a thinly veiled attempt to revive the former governing Cần Lao Party. Trương Công Cừu eulogizes the man they have all gathered to remember: “He was the incarnation of the noblest ideals of our race and mankind. Animated by a glorious ideal from childhood, he consecrated his whole existence to the righteous cause ...he brought South Vietnam from a depen- dent, exhausted, disordered and disorganized position into the ranks of a sovereign, prosperous and well-disciplined nation, respected by the whole world, friends and foes alike.” But the death of the man to whom Trương Journal of Vietnamese Studies, Vol. , Issue , pps. –. ISSN -X, electronic -. © by The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press’ Rights and Permissions website, at http://www.ucpressjournals.com/reprintinfo.asp.
    [Show full text]
  • Essential Matters a History of the Cryptographic Branch of the People’S Army of Viet Nam, 1945-1975
    Essential Matters A History of the Cryptographic Branch of the People’s Army of Viet Nam, 1945-1975 with Supplement on Cryptography in the Border Guard, 1959-1989 DDavidavid W.W. GaddyGaddy wwasas tthehe ffounderounder andand firstfirst ChiefChief ooff NNSA’sSA’s CCenterenter fforor CryptologicCryptologic History.History. HHee bbeganegan hhisis ccareerareer iinn ccryptologyryptology aass a ccryptanalystryptanalyst ((foreignforeign language)language) iinn 11953953 aandnd sservederved iinn a vvarietyariety ofof staffstaff andand lineline managementmanagement ccapacitiesapacities bbeforeefore bbeingeing givengiven thethe opportunityopportunity toto createcreate thethe CCenterenter fforor CryptologicCryptologic HistoryHistory inin 19891989 andand headingheading itit duringduring itsits firstfirst threethree years.years. Mr.Mr. GaddyGaddy wwasas a ccharterharter membermember ofof thethe SeniorSenior CryptologicCryptologic ExecutiveExecutive SServiceervice aandnd a ggraduateraduate ooff tthehe AArmedrmed FForcesorces StaffStaff CollegeCollege andand thethe NationalNational WWarar CCololllege.ege. HHee hheldeld ddegreesegrees ffromrom MMarsars HHillill CCollegeollege ((A.A.),A.A.), tthehe UniversityUniversity ofof NorthNorth Carolina,Carolina, ChapelChapel HillHill (B.A.),(B.A.), andand thethe GeorgeGeorge WashingtonWashington UUni-ni- vversityersity (M.S.).(M.S.). HeHe waswas NSA’sNSA’s secondsecond rrecipientecipient ooff tthehe NNationalational FForeignoreign IIntelligencentelligence MMedaledal ooff AAchievement,chievement, awardedawarded
    [Show full text]
  • Militarized Landscapes in Vietnam
    Weyerhaeuser environmental Books Paul S. Sutter, Editor Weyerhaeuser environmental Books explore human relationships with natural environments in all their variety and complexity. They seek to cast new light on the ways that natural systems affect human communities, the ways that people affect the environments of which they are a part, and the ways that different cultural conceptions of nature profoundly shape our sense of the world around us. A complete list of the books in the series appears at the end of this book. Footprints o F wa r Militarized Landscapes in Vietnam DaviD Biggs university of Washington Press Seattle Footprints of War is published with the assistance of a grant from the Weyerhaeuser Environmental Books Endowment, established by the Weyerhaeuser Company Foundation, members of the Weyerhaeuser family, and Janet and Jack Creighton. The open-access edition of Footprints of War was made possible by an award from the National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowships Open Book Program. Copyright © 2018 by the University of Washington Press Printed and bound in the United States of America Composed in Minion Pro, typeface designed by Robert Slimbach 22 21 20 19 18 5 4 3 2 1 This book is free to read and share under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0). This license does not apply to any material that is separately copyrighted. To use this book, or parts of this book, in any way not covered by the license, please contact: university of Washington Press www.washington.edu / uwpress cover PhotograPh: Firebase Spear, 1971.
    [Show full text]