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Bedford Institute of Oceanography Oceans Association: Activities in 2008 Robert O’Boyle

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Bedford Institute of Oceanography Oceans Association: Activities in 2008 Robert O’Boyle Government Gouvernement of Canada du Canada BEDFORD INSTITUTE of OCEANOGRAPHY Fisheries and Pêches et IN REVIEW Oceans Canada Océans Canada Natural Resources Ressources naturelles Canada Canada Environment Canada Environnement Canada National Defence Défense nationale BIO 2008 Front cover photo: Hydrographic survey launches Pipit and Plover have just been deployed by the CCGS Matthew; they are waiting for the multi-beam equipment to come on-line before starting to survey in the Minas Channel, Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia. The cliffs of Cape Blomidon are visible in the background. Photo is courtesy of Michael Lamplugh of the Canadian Hydrographic Service Atlantic at BIO, who was hydrographer-in-charge for this survey. Back cover photo: View is of Cape Split from Bennet Bay in the Bay of Fundy; photo was taken in December, 2008. Photo is courtesy of Russell Parrott, a geophysicist with the Geological Survey of Canada (Atlantic), Natural Resources Canada, who has been working on high-resolution bathymetric and geophysical surveys to study anthropogenic effects on the marine environment. Change of address notices, requests for copies, and other correspondence regarding this publication should be sent to: The Editor, BIO 2008 in Review Bedford Institute of Oceanography P.O. Box 1006 Dartmouth, Nova Scotia Canada B2Y 4A2 The Bedford Institute of Oceanography (BIO) is a major oceanographic research facility, established in 1962 by the E-mail address: [email protected] Government of Canada and located in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, on the shore of Bedford Basin. It has grown to become Canada’s largest centre for ocean research. Scientists at BIO perform research mandated by the Canadian government to provide advice and support to government decision-making on a broad range of ocean issues including sovereignty, defence, environmental protection, health and safety, fisheries, and natural resources. Environmental planning and integrated coastal and oceans management are expanding activities at the Institute. Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) is represented by five divisions within its Science Branch including the Canadian © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2009 Hydrographic Service (CHS), five divisions within the Oceans, Habitat and Species at Risk Branch, the Aquaculture Coordination Office, and the Canadian Coast Guard Technical Services for technical and vessel support. Together they Cat. No. Fs101-3/2008E provide scientific knowledge and advice on issues related to climate, oceans, environment, marine and diadromous fish, ISBN: 978-1-100-13205-1 marine mammals, shellfish, and marine plants. As well, they are responsible for the fish habitat management protection ISSN 1499-9951 program, environmental assessments, integrated coastal and oceans management, species-at-risk coordination, and oceans planning initiatives. PDF: Cat.No. Fs101-3/2008E-PDF Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) is represented by the Geological Survey of Canada (Atlantic) (GSC Atlantic), ISBN: 978-1-100-13207-5 Canada’s principal marine geoscience facility, and by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) Program Office. NRCan’s scientific research expertise focuses on marine and petroleum geology, geophysics, geochemistry, Aussi disponible en français and geotechnology. The GSC Atlantic is also the source of integrated knowledge and advice on Canada’s coastal and offshore landmass. Editor: Judith Ryan The Department of National Defence (DND) is represented by the Route Survey Office of Maritime Forces Atlantic, which supports ocean surveillance activities. In cooperation with the CHS and the GSC Atlantic, surveys are conducted Editorial team: Jane Avery, Pat Dennis, Carolyn Harvie, Judith Ryan in areas of the sea floor of specific interest to DND. Photographs: In support of the Canadian Shellfish Sanitation Program, the Shellfish Section of Environment Canada (EC) conducts san- BIO Technographics, the authors, and individuals/agencies credited itary and water quality surveys and analyzes the samples at the microbiology laboratory at BIO. Published by: Altogether, approximately 650 scientists, engineers, technicians, managers, support staff, and contractors from a variety Fisheries and Oceans Canada and Natural Resources Canada of disciplines work at BIO. Bedford Institute of Oceanography 1 Challenger Drive, P.O. Box 1006 This review highlights research activities at the Institute, as well as activities associated with ocean-use management. Dartmouth, Nova Scotia Canada B2Y 4A2 BIO website address: www.bio.gc.ca Catalogue numbers, and cover, contact, and publishing information can be found on the inside back cover. INTRODUCTION This report provides articles on several research themes and oceans management initiatives that were brought to completion recently, as well as short summaries of new programs. We hope you will find the articles interesting. 2008 has been a good year for the Institute on many fronts. Perhaps the most important change has been the addition of quite a few new staff to complement and stimulate our existing community. With respect to infrastructure, the new laboratory building, a facility designed to allow research on toxic chemicals in a safe manner, was completed and named in honour of Katherine Ellis, a chemical oceanographer who passed away at a young age in 1999. John Smith, her supervisor and collaborator, gave a moving speech on Kathy’s important contribution to BIO. The laboratory is very attractive, with open views of Bedford Basin and surrounding grounds. The small “day boat” (Sigma T) was replaced by a new vessel, which is a bit larger and has greater capacity for conducting research in nearshore waters. During 2008, BIO hosted several very successful conferences and workshops. The Annual Science Conference of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), held at the World Trade and Convention Centre in Halifax, was a great success, and we were all proud to have our gracious Governor General, the Right Honourable Michaëlle Jean, open the event attended by about 700 scientists from around the world. Several of our scientists received prestigious awards. Don Gordon was the choice for the 2008 Timothy R. Parsons Award for his lifetime contributions to biological oceanography. BIO scientists including DFO’s Allyn Clark, Trevor Platt, and Igor Yashayaev, and Donald Forbes of NRCan were among the group of scientists identified for the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize along with Al Gore for their contributions to the Fourth Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. We close our comments on a nostalgic note with reference to the passing of Dr. William Cameron, the founder of the Bedford Institute of Oceanography in 1962. The idea of BIO was generated by Dr. W. E. van Steenburgh, 50 years ago during preparations for the United Nations Law of the Sea Conference in Geneva in 1958, but the task of creating the Institute was given to Dr. Cameron. He had recently graduated from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) and was very influenced by the director of SIO, Harold Sverdrup’s vision of oceanography as a multi-disciplinary institute. He would be both interested in and proud of the great work underway at BIO in 2008. Michael Sinclair Stephen Locke Michael Murphy Scott Graham Director, Bedford Institute Director, GSC Atlantic Regional Director Oceans, Regional Director, Informatics of Oceanography and Director, Natural Resources Canada Habitat and Species at Risk Fisheries and Oceans Canada Science, Maritimes Region Maritimes Region Fisheries and Oceans Canada Fisheries and Oceans Canada BIO 2008 IN REVIEW 1 CONTENTS 44 Breaking Hard Ice: Development of a Seismic System to Define INTRODUCTION ........................... 1 the Extended Continental Shelf and Garner Geological Secrets from Canada Basin beneath the Arctic Icepack . 22 John Shimeld, Ruth Jackson, Borden Chapman, Jacob Verhoef, and Thomas Funck AN EMERGING ISSUE BIO Contributes to the Development and Regulation of Reducing the Risks from Offshore Oil and Gas Exploration: Safe Canada’s Ocean Renewable Energy Conversion Industry ... 4 and Sustainable Development Offshore Labrador . 25 Kenneth Lee, Peter C. Smith, and Russell Parrott Gary V. Sonnichsen and Sonya A. Dehler BIO SCIENCE IN PARTNERSHIP Oil Fluorescence - A New Tool for Tracking Oil Spill Geoscience Technology for Management and Economic Dispersion.........................................27 Development in the Bay of Fundy . 12 Paul Kepkay, Jay Bugden, and Kenneth Lee Jonathan Griffin Replenishment of Labrador Sea Water to the Ocean Conveyor The Labrador Coast Inshore Route – Finally Complete, After Beltin2008 ........................................28 75Years ..........................................15 Igor Yashayaev and John Loder Michael Lamplugh Five Decades of Monitoring the Plankton in the Northwest The Search for HMSC Shawinigan .....................19 AtlanticOcean......................................32 Lieutenant(Navy) Jason Karle Erica Head Impacts of Severe Arctic Storms and Climate Change Integrating New and Old Tagging Technologies for Atlantic on Arctic Coastal Oceanographic Processes . 20 Halibut............................................35 Will Perrie, Eyad Atallah, Melanie Cooke, Ewa Dunlap, John Gyakum, Azharul Shelley Armsworthy and Kurtis Trzcinski Hoque, Zhenxia Long, Ryan Mulligan, David Small, Steve Solomon, Charles Tang, Bechara Toulany, and Lujun Zhang Ecosystem Interactions with Mussel Aquaculture . 37 Peter Cranford, Barry Hargrave, and
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