ASIAN ELEPHANT (Elephas maximus) NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL STUDBOOK 31 AUGUST 2010 - 31 OCTOBER 2014 Mike Keele - Studbook Keeper 2014 NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL STUDBOOK – ASIAN ELEPHANT i Copyright March 2015 by Oregon Zoo. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in hard copy, machine-readable or other forms without advance written permission from the Oregon Zoo. Members of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) may copy this information for their own use as needed. The information contained in this studbook has been obtained from numerous sources believed to be reliable. AZA and the Oregon Zoo make a diligent effort to provide a complete and accurate representation of the data in its reports, publications, and services. However, AZA and the Oregon Zoo do not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of any information. AZA and the Oregon Zoo make no warranties or representations of any kind, express or implied, including but not limited to warranties of merchantability of fitness for particular purpose. AZA and the Oregon Zoo disclaim all liability for errors or omissions that may exist and shall not be liable for any incidental, consequential, or other damages (whether resulting from negligence or otherwise) including, without limitation, exemplary damages or lost profits arising out of or in connection with the use of this publication. Because the technical information provided in the studbook can easily be misread or misinterpreted unless properly analyzed, AZA and Oregon Zoo strongly recommend that users of this information consult with the studbook keeper in all matters related to data analysis and interpretation. Cover Photograph: Siblings Samudra (SB#649) and Lily (SB#743) at Oregon Zoo Photo Credit: Michael Durham - Oregon Zoo 2014 NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL STUDBOOK – ASIAN ELEPHANT ii MESSAGE FROM THE STUDBOOK KEEPER As a complete studbook, information is included on Asian elephants that we were able to document as existing at one point in time in North America. This edition includes information on 757 elephants, 32 more than the last edition which was published in 2010. Eighteen of these animals were captive born. The remaining additional elephants were added because we received historical animal records that validated their existence. Of the 757 elephants in the Studbook, 252 (53.199) are living and 136 (34.102) are currently housed in AZA facilities. The “Undocumented” section lists 31 male and 200 female elephants that we believe are individuals who existed in North America at one time, however, we lack any official supporting documentation to give them official studbook numbers. There is a chance that some of these elephants already have studbook numbers under different house names, it is also likely that some of the undocumented elephants are duplicates of one another. It is important that we have appropriate supporting documentation to avoid assigning more than one studbook number to the same elephant. In our continuing efforts to validate all of the undocumented elephants, we would like to solicit your help by requesting that you review this section and provide us with any information that might help us document their existence, or lead us to someone who might be able to provide this information. There are 78 elephants included in the studbook that are documented well enough to have been assigned a permanent studbook number, but have been lost-to-follow up. Any assistance or information that you could provide the studbook keeper in establishing their current or final location is greatly appreciated. Special thanks for all of you who have been responsive to our requests for information and for responding to our surveys. We could not have accomplished this publication without your efforts. Mike Keele Oregon Zoo 4001 S.W. Canyon Rd. Portland, Oregon 97221 Ph. 503.226.1561 FAX 503.226.0074 2014 NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL STUDBOOK - ASIAN ELEPHANT iii TABLE OF CONTENTS MESSAGE FROM THE STUDBOOK KEEPER ii GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE ASIAN ELEPHANT STUDBOOK 1 INSTITUTIONAL LISTING 5 A complete listing of institutional names and addresses listed by ISIS mnemonic. STUDBOOK REPORT 39 Information on all animals in order of studbook number. CHANGES 122 Births, deaths and transfers during the reporting period of 31 August 2010 to 31 October 2014. CAPTIVE BIRTHS 134 Known captive births in North America. AGE PYRAMIDS 151 All living animals, living SSP animals, and living non-SSP animals in the studbook. LIVING SSP POPULATION 156 Listing of living SSP elephants held by each institution on alphabetical order by State. LIVING NON-SSP POPULATION 176 Listing of non-SSP elephants held by each institution in alphabetical order by State. NAME INDEX: BY HOUSE NAME 194 Alphabetical listing of all known house names for documented elephants. Index is cross-referenced with studbook number and current location. TEMPORARY NUMBER STUDBOOK REPORT 207 Information on elephants that have never been documented in the studbook files, in order of possible date of birth. 2014 NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL STUDBOOK - ASIAN ELEPHANT iv NAME INDEX: UNDOCUMENTED ELEPHANTS BY HOUSE NAME 231 Alphabetical listing of all known house names for temporary numbers animals. Index is cross-referenced with studbook number and possible last location. NAME INDEX: UNDOCUMENTED ELEPHANTS BY LOCATION 237 Listing of all temporary number elephants alphabetical by possible last location. Index is cross-referenced with all house names and the temporary studbook number. 2014 NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL STUDBOOK – ASIAN ELEPHANT v GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE ASIAN ELEPHANT STUDBOOK Geographic Scope of Studbook Time Scale Description of Data Fields 2014 NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL STUDBOOK – ASIAN ELEPHANT 2 2014 NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL STUDBOOK – ASIAN ELEPHANT 3 General information about the Asian Elephant Studbook A. Geographic Scope of Studbook - This report contains Information on 757 Asian elephants belonging to, or once belonging to: 1. Association of Zoo and Aquariums (AZA) participating institutions and Certified Related Facilities. These are institutions that have met the accreditation standards of AZA and, through the AZA Policy for Full Participation in the SSP Program, participate in the Elephant TAG/SSP. 2. Non-AZA Member Participating Institutions. These are institutions that are not, or have chosen not to be, accredited by the AZA. However, through an application process, they have been approved to participate in the Elephant TAG/SSP. 3. Non-AZA institutions and Private holders. These are institutions and individuals who are not, or have chosen not to be, accredited by the AZA. Additionally, they have not been given and/or have not applied for non-AZA member participation status; however they have agreed to share their collection information with the Elephant TAG/SSP. AZA participating institutions and Non-AZA participating institutions hold all of the Asian elephants managed by the Elephant TAG/SSP. No TAG/SSP recommendations are made for animals held by Non-AZA institutions or Private holders. All of the holders of Asian elephants listed in this studbook are located in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. B. Time Scale - the data set presented in this studbook is current through 31 October 2014. C. Description of Data Fields - Stud # - a number assigned to each animal in the studbook. The numbers have not been assigned chronologically by age. Sex - "M" = male, "m" = neutered male. "?" = unknown or unverified. Birth Date - Many wild caught animals have estimated birth dates and these are indicated by using an "" symbol in front of the date. "????" represent that a verifiable estimated birth date was not available and has not been established. Sire/Dam - "WILD" indicates that the studbook animal was wild caught and its parents were unknown free-ranging individuals. "UNK" indicates that the studbook animal was captive born, outside of North America, and its parents are unknown captive individual. "MULT" is used for several animals where the true sire, one of two individuals, has not been firmly established. Location - This field documents movement of the individual animals from its firs location to its current or last known location. "UNKNOWN" indicates that the animal exists or existed, but its location has not been confirmed. A complete listing of all location abbreviations may be found under the Institutional Listing section beginning on page five. Date - This field documents when the above "Location" events took place. "????" indicates no information was provided. 2014 NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL STUDBOOK – ASIAN ELEPHANT 4 Local ID - This is an important whorl in the animal's fingerprint and is included in the studbook when it is provided Event - Describes significant changes in the life of the animal including "birth" and "transfer." Ownership and loans are not recorded in the studbook. Name - House names of the individuals. Many elephants have been given more than one house name as they move from facility to facility. Additional house names are included in the Asian Elephant House Name Roster beginning on page 194. INSTITUTIONAL LISTING A complete listing of institutional names and addresses listed by ISIS mnemonics 2014 NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL STUDBOOK – ASIAN ELEPHANT 6 2014 NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL STUDBOOK - ASIAN ELEPHANT 7 LOCATION GLOSSARY 101 RANCH 101 Ranch Wild West Show (extinct 1929 Bliss, Oklahoma, USA ABILENE Abilene Zoological Gardens 2070 Zoo Lane, Abilene, Texas, USA, 79602-0060 ADAM HILL _______________________________