Agric. Sci. Digest., 31 (2) : 131 - 135, 2011 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION CENTRE www.arccjournals.com / indianjournals.com

CHEMICAL CONTROL OF , LUGENS PROXIMA (KLUG) ON RADISH

D.R. Ramoliya, K.L. Raghvani, D.M. Jethva and R.T. Rahod Department of Entomology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh - 362 001, India. Received : 21-09-2010 Accepted : 23-04-2011

ABSTRACT Nine different insecticidal treatments were tested against Athalia lugens proxima (Klug) on radish at college farm, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during rabi, 2007-08. The result on the efficacy of different insecticidal treatments showed that the treatment with spinosad 0.007 per cent, thiodicarb 0.075 per cent, quinalphos 0.05 per cent and endosulfan 0.07 per cent were found highly effective for the control of this pest. The remaining treatments viz., cartap hydrochloride 0.05 per cent and profenphos 0.05 per cent were found less effective. Significantly the highest radish yield (216.39 q/ha) was recorded with spinosad 0.007 per cent. However, it was found statistically at par with thiodicarb 0.075 per cent (202.50 q/ha), quinalphos 0.05 per cent (194.25 q/ha) and endosulfan 0.07 per cent (190.00 q/ha). On the basis of cost benefit ratio (CBR), endosulfan 0.07 per cent registered the highest cost benefit ratio (1: 9.00) and thus, found to be the most economical insecticide against sawfly infesting radish.

Key words : Sawfly chemical control, Athalia lugens proxima (Klug), Radish.

INTRODUCTION under Junagadh condition is meager and hence, in The radish (Raphanus sativus Linnaeus) view of seriousness of the pest, it becomes necessary belongs to the family Cruciferae is an important to have comprehensive information on this aspect. vegetable crop. Its fleshy roots as well as leaves are The present investigation was, therefore, carried out generally eaten raw as salad and sometimes also at Junagadh. cooked as vegetable. In India, area under radish MATERIALS AND METHODS cultivation is 6.7 thousand hectares and productivity A field experiment on study of comparative of 12.77 tonnes/ha with average production of 8.02 bio-efficacy of different insecticides against mustard lakh tonnes (Anonymous, 2006). Mustard sawfly, sawfly, A. proxima infesting radish cv. Pusa chetki Athalia lugens proxima (Klug) is most serious pest was conducted at college farm, College of Agriculture, of radish mostly observed at seedling stage. Its Junagadh, Junagadh Agricultural University, incidence was recorded as high as 85 per cent on Junagadh during rabi. Nine insecticidal treatments radish crop (Srivastava et al., 1972). Sometimes viz., Alphamethrin 10% EC (0.01%), Carbosulfan due to severe infestation, re-sowing becomes a 25% EC (0.05%), Cartap Hydrochloride 50% SP necessary event (Rohilla and Kumar, 1991). A (0.05%), Endosulfan 35% EC (0.07%), Profenophos preliminary survey around Junagadh revealed that + Cypermethrin 44% EC (0.044%), Profenophos the mustard sawfly has been the major and potential 50% EC (0.05%), Quinalphos 25% EC (0.05%), pest in this area. The information on bio- efficacy Spinosad 48% SC (0.007%), Thiodicarb 75% WP of various insecticides against sawfly on radish (0.075%) along with untreated control were 132 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE DIGEST evaluated in a randomized block design with Economics of all the treatments was worked four replications having a net plot size of 2.0 out by considering the price of product, cost of m × 1.8 m with spacing of 45 cm × 10 cm. All insecticide and labour charge. Cost benefit ratio the recommended agronomic practices were (CBR) was worked out to compare the economics followed for raising the crop. Two sprayings of insecticidal treatments. of insecticides were done. The first spray of RESULTS AND DISCUSSION insecticides was made at the appearance of the larvae of sawfly and the subsequent spray was The results of the experiment on given at an interval of 15 days after first spray. mortality of larvae of A. proxima obtained at Spray was given with the help of knapsack different intervals after two sprayings are sprayer. In order to evaluate the efficacy of presented in Table 1. different insecticides, observations on larval First spray population of mustard sawfly was recorded Data revealed that after one day of spray from five randomly selected and tagged plants the treatment of spinosad 0.007 per cent recorded in the net area of each plot before 24 hrs of significantly the highest mortality (47.18%) of spray. Subsequently the observations were sawfly which was statistically at par with recorded at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after each thiodicarb 0.075 per cent, quinalphos 0.05 per spraying. The data on larval population of cent and endosulfan 0.07 per cent as they mustard sawfly were converted into per cent registered, 45.00, 44.13 and 43.56 per cent mortality by using following formula (Abbott, mortality of sawfly A. proxima, respectively. The 1925) and modified by Henderson and Tilton treatments viz., cartap hydrochloride 0.05 per (1955). The data thus obtained were subjected cent and carbosulfan 0.05 per cent were found to statistical analysis. moderatelyT C effective as they exhibited 39.31 and 39.24 per cent mortality of sawfly. The remaining C treatments viz., polytrin ‘C’ 0.044 per cent, alphamethrin 0.01 per cent and profenophos 0.05 Where, Tb = No. of larvae of mustard sawfly per cent were found less effective. observed before treatment in treatment plot, Ta = No. of larvae of mustard sawfly observed after A perusal of data presented in Table 1 also treatment in treatment plot, Cb = No. of larvae of indicated that spinosad 0.007 per cent recorded mustard sawfly observed from check significantly the highest mortality (72.39%) of this plot before treatment, Ca = No. of larvae of pest at five days after spraying. However, it was mustard sawfly observed from check plot after at par with thiodicarb 0.075 per cent, quinalphos treatment. 0.05 per cent and endosulfan 0.07 per cent as they registered, 68.93, 67.35 and 64.98 per cent With a view to ascertain the effect of different mortality of mustard sawfly, respectively. The insecticides on the yield, harvested radish root yield treatments with carbosulfan 0.05 per cent, were weighed separately from each net plot. The alphamethrin 0.01 per cent, cartap hydrochloride yield was then converted on hectare basis. Per cent increase in yield over control was calculated by using 0.05 per cent and polytrin ‘C’ 0.044 per cent were following formula. found moderately effective. Yield increase over control (%) = × 100 Almost a similar trend in respect of insecticidal treatments was also observed, at 7 Where, T= yield of respective treatment (q/ha), C= days after first spraying. However, mortality per yield of control (q/ha). cent of sawfly recorded after seven days decreased Vol. 31, No. 2, 2011 133 Corrected mean per cent mortality of sawfly after days First spray Second spray 56.82(70.06) 56.82(70.06) 38.39(38.57) 58.08(72.05) 56.17(69.00) 2.00 2.57 2.80 1.93 2.89 2.38 1 day1 5 days 7 daysday 1 5 days 7 days Efficacy of different insecticides against sawfly, A. proxima on radish during rabi, 2007-2008. A. proxima insecticides against sawfly, Efficacy of different 39.24(40.03)39.31(40.14)43.56(47.50) 60.14(75.22)37.23(36.61) 56.73(69.91)34.07(31.39) 64.98(82.11) 58.30(72.39)44.13(48.48) 55.71(68.27) 50.23(59.09)47.18(53.80) 48.46(56.03) 63.51(80.12) 40.51(42.02)45.00(50.01) 67.35(85.18) 51.64(61.50) 42.05(44.86) 72.39(90.85) 47.47(54.31) 42.84(46.23) 60.81(76.21) 68.93(87.08) 66.06(83.55) 36.63(35.59) 54.10(65.61) 69.99(88.30) 33.22(30.02) 64.20(81.05) 57.59(71.28) 67.65(85.43) 45.00(50.00) 54.79(66.75) 50.44(59.44) 47.86(55.00) 45.01(50.01) 63.08(79.51) 45.86(51.51) 66.58(84.21) 50.78(60.03) 72.58(91.04) 42.27(45.24) 68.64(86.74) 65.88(83.30) 70.60(88.97) 66.30(83.85) able 1 : able 1 : able 1 : able 1 : able 1 : T T T T T Treatments Alphamethrin 10 EC 0.01% 36.36*(35.16) Carbosulfan 15 EC 0.05% Cartap hydrochloride 50 SP 0.05% Endosulfan 35 EC 0.07% 44 EC 0.044% Polytrin Profenophos 50 EC 0.05% Quinalphos 25 EC 0.05% Spinosad 45 SC 0.007% Thiodicarb 75 WP 0.075% S.Em. + 5% at C.D. C.V.%* Arcsine “percentage transformation, Figures in parenthesis are retransformed values. 5.81 10.95 7.99 9.99 8.14 10.56 5.62 10.41 8.39 10.61 6.92 9.12 134 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE DIGEST in all the insecticidal treatment than 5 days after homogeneous to thiodicarb, quinalphos and first spray. endosulfan. Second spray Efficacy of promising insecticides as The data on per cent mortality of mustard evidenced in the present finding has been studied sawfly (Table 1) obtained at one, five and seven days earlier by many authors. Patel et al. (1971) found after second spray revealed that among different that the endosulfan was the most effective insecticide insecticides, spinosad 0.007 per cent gave for the control of mustard sawfly (85 to 100% significantly highest mortality of the pest as it mortality) up to 3 days after spraying. Rai et al., recorded 47.86, 72.58 and 70.60 per cent mortality (1978) reported that quinalphos (0.05%) and of this pest, respectively. However, it was statistically endosulfan (0.05%) exercised 94.44 and 72.22 per at par with thiodicarb 0.075 per cent, quinalphos cent mortality of A. proxima, respectively on 0.05 per cent and endosulfan 0.07 per cent. The mustard after 48 hours of application. According to insecticides viz., cartap hydrochloride (0.05%), Srinivasan and Krishnakumar (1986), endosulfan carbosulfan (0.05%), alphamethrin (0.01%) and 0.07 per cent was highly effective against A. proxima polytrin ‘c’ (0.044%) were found to be moderately on radish. Patel (1995) reported that quinalphos effective. (0.05%) and polytrin ‘c’ (0.044%) were effective Overall comparative efficacy of different insecticides which recorded more than 80 per cent insecticides tested against sawfly A. proxima on larval mortality of A. proxima on radish. Bhatt radish revealed that out of nine different insecticides, (2001) reported that quinalphos (0.05%) and spinosad 0.007 per cent proved to be the most endosulfan (0.07%) to be effective for the control of effective against sawfly. However, it was mustard sawfly in mustard.

Table 2 : Yield and Economics of different insecticidal treatments applied for the control of A. proxima on radish.

Treatment Concen - Quantity of Cost of Yield Net yield Gross Realization Cost tration(%) insecticidal insecticides q/ha over realize- over benefit formulation including control tion control ratio usedl/ha labour q/ha (Rs./ha) (Rs./ha) (CBR) charge (Rs./ha)

Alphamethrin 0.01 1.500 1400 164.17 42.44 20521 5305 1:3.78 Carbosulfan 0.05 1.300 945 170.31 47.77 21288 5971 1:6.31 Cartap hydrochloride 0.05 1.00 1000 140.13 21.58 17516 2697 1:2.69 Endosulfan 0.07 1.300 900 190.00 64.85 23750 8106 1:9.00 Polytrin 0.044 0.592 822 160.09 38.90 20011 4862 1:5.91 Profenophos 0.05 0.650 975 136.03 18.03 17003 2253 1:2.31 Quinalphos 0.05 1.300 1150 194.25 68.54 24281 8567 1:7.44 Spinosad 0.007 0.068 1713 216.39 87.75 27048 10968 1:6.40 Thiodicarb 0.075 0.800 1400 202.50 75.70 25312 9462 1:6.75 Control - - 115.25 14406 - - S.Em. +9.47 C.D. at 5% 27.47 C.V.% 11.21

Selling price of radish Rs. 25/20kg. Vol. 31, No. 2, 2011 135 Yield and economics (0.05%; 1:7.44), thiodicarb (0.075%; 1: 6.75), The data on yield of radish obtained in spinosad (0.007%; 1: 6.40), carbosulfan (0.05%; various insecticidal treatments are summarized in 1: 6.31), polytrin ‘c’ (0.044%; 1: 5.91), alphamethrin Table 2. The data revealed that the difference in yield (0.01%; 1: 3.78), cartap hydrochloride (0.05%; 1: of radish obtained from various insecticidal 2.69) and profenophos (0.05; 1: 2.31). Considering treatments was found statistically significant. The the yield and economics of the insecticidal treatment of spinosad (0.007%) recorded treatments, endosulfan 0.07 per cent was found to significantly the highest yield (216.39 q/ha). be the most economical and effective insecticide However, it was statistically at par with thiodicarb against A. proxima. The finding corroborates the (0.075%; 202.39 q/ha), quinalphos (0.05%; 194.25 reports of Jadhav and Singh (1991), Kumar et al. q/ha) and endosulfan (0.07%; 190.00 q/ha). (1996) and Bhatt (2001). The economics of various treatments are Looking to the overall effectiveness of presented in Table 2. The data indicated that various insecticidal treatments, endosulfan 0.07 per (endosulfan 0.07%) registered the highest cost benefit cent found the most economical and effective ratio (1: 9.00). It was followed by quinalphos insecticide against A. proxima.

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