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Skrifter Om Svalbard Og Ishavet

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Skrifter Om Svalbard Og Ishavet DET KONGELIGE DEPARTEMENT FOR HANDEL, SJØFART, INDUSTRI, HANDVERK OG FISKERI NORGES SVALBARD- OG ISHAVS-UNDERSØKELSER LEDER: ADOLF HOEL SKRIFTER OM SVALBARD OG ISHAVET Nr. 63 SØREN RICHTER A CONTRIBUTION TO THE ARCHÆOLOGY OF NORTH-EAST GREENLAND WITH 12<1 TEXT FIGURES AND l MAP OSLO I KOMMISJON HOS JACOB DYBWAD 1934 Results of the Norwegian expeditions to Svalbard 1906-1926 published in other series. (See Nr. 1 of this series.) The resu lts of the P r i n c e of Mona c o's exp editions (Missi on I s a c h sen) in 1906 and 1907 were published under the titl e of 'E x p I o ra t i on d u Nor d-O u est duS P i t sber g entr e p rise s o u sles a u s P i c e s deS. A.S. I e P r i n c e deM o n a c o p a r I a M issi o n Isachsen', in Re sultats des Ca mpagn es sc ientifiqu es, Albert ler, Princ e de Monaco, Fase. XL-X LIV. Monaco. ISACHSEN, GUNNAR, Pr emier e Parti e. Re cit de voyage. Fase. XL. 1912. Fr. 120.00. With map: Spitsberg (Cot e Nord-Ouest). Scal e I: 100 000. (2 sh eets.) Cha rts: De la Parti e Nord du For eland illa Ba ie Magdal ena, and Mouillages de la Cot e Ou est duSpits berg. ISACHSEN, GUNNAR et ADOLF HOEL, Deuxiem e Parti e. Description du champ d'operation. Fase. XLI. 1913. Fr. 80.00. HOEL, ADOLF, Troisiem e Parti e. Geologi e. Fase. XLII. 1914. Fr. 100.00. SCHETELIG, JAKOB, Quatriem e Parti e. Les fo rmations primitiv es. Fase. XLIII. 1912. Fr. 16.00. RESVOLL HOLMSEN, HANNA, Ci nquiem e Partie. Observations bo taniqu es. Fase. XLI V. 1913. Fr. 40.00. A considerabl e part of the results of the ISACHSEN exp editions in 1909 and 1910 has' be en published in Vi denska psselskap ets Skrift er. I. Mat.-N atur v. Klasse, Krist i a n i a (O s I o). ISACHSEN, GUNNAR, Ra pport su r I'Expedition Isachsen au Spitsberg. 1912, No. 15. Kr. 5,40. ALEXANDER, ANTON, Observations astronomiqu es. 1911, No. 19. Kr. 0,40. GRAARUD, AAGE, Observations meteorologiqu es. 1913, No. 1. Kr. 2,40. HELLAND-HANSEN, BJØRN and FRIDTJOF NANSEN, The sea west ofSpits bergen. 1912, No. 12. Kr. 3,60. ISACHSEN, GUNNAR, The hy drographi e observations. 1912, No. 14. Kr. 4,20. With chart: Wat ers and anchorages on the west and north coast. Publ. by the Norw_ Geogr.Surv ey, No. 198. HOEL, A. et O. HOLTEDAHL, Les napp es de lav e, les vol eans et les so urc es thermales dans les environs de la Ba ie Wood au Spitsberg. 1911, No. 8. Kr. 4,00. GOLDSCHMIDT, V. M., Petrographische Unt ersuchung einiger Eruptivgestein e von Nord· westspitzbergen. 1911, No. 9. Kr. 0,80. BACKLUND, H., Ober einige Olivinknoll en aus der Lava von Wood-Bay, Spitzbergen. 1911, No. 16. Kr. 0,60. HOLTEDAHL, OLAF, Zur Kenntnis der Karbonablagerungen des west lichen Spitzbergens. I. Ein e Fauna der Moskau er Stufe. 1911, No. lO. Kr. 3,00. Il. Allgem ein e st ratigraphische und tektonische Beobachtungen. 1912, No. 23. Kr. 5,00. HOEL, ADOLF, Observations su r la vit esse d'ecoul em ent et su r I'ablation du Gla ei er Lilli ehii iik au Spitsberg 1907-1912. 1916, No. 4. Kr. 2,20. VEGARD, L., L'influ enc e du so l su r la gl aciation au Spitsberg. 1912, No. 3. Kr. 0,40. ISACHSEN, GUNNAR, Travaux topographiqu es. 1915, No. 7. Kr. 10,00. With map: Spitsberg (Parti e Nord-Ou est).Scal e I: 200 000 (2 sh eets). GUNNAR ISACHSEN ha s also published: Gr een Harbour, in Norsk Geogr. Selsk. Aarb., Kristiania, 1912-13, Gr een Harbour,Spits bergen, in Seot. geogr. Mag., Edinburgh, 1915, and, Spitsbergen: Not es to accompany map, in Geogr.journ., London, 1915. All the abov e publications ha ve be en coll ected into two volumes as E x p edi t i on Isac hsen au Spitsberg 1909-1 910. Re sultats sc ientifiqu es. I, Il. Chri­ st i a n i a 1 9 1 6. As the resu lt of the exp editions of ADOLF HOEL and ARVE STAXRUD 1911-1914 the fo llowing memoir has be en published in Vi denska psselskap etsSk rift er. I. Mat.­ Na turv. Klasse. HOEL, ADOLF, Nouv elles observations su r le district volcaniqu e du Spitsberg du Nord. 1914, No. 9. Kr. 2,50. The fo llowing topographical maps and charts ha ve be en published separat ely: Maps: Bear Island. l: 25 000. 1925. Kr. 10,00. Bear Island. l: 10 000. (In six sh eets). 1925. Kr. 30,00. East Gr e enland. Eirik Ra udes Land fr omSofi asund to Youngsund . l: 200 000. 1932. Kr. 5,00 Cha rts: No.S. l. Bear Island. I: 40 000. 1932. Kr. 4,00. " S. 2. Bear Island Wat ers. I: 350 000. 1931. Kr. 5,00. " S. 3. From Bellsound to For eland Reef with the Ic efjord. l: 200 000. 1932. Kr. 5,00. " S. 5. Norway-Svalbard, Northern She et. l: 750 000. 1933. Kr. 4,00. " S. 6. Norway-Svalbard,Southern She et. l: 750 000. 1933. Kr. 4,00. A pr eliminary edition of topographical maps (1 : 50 000) cov ering the regi ons around Kings Ba y, le e Fjord, and BellSound, together with the map of Bear Island (1 : 25 000), is published in: Svalbard Co mmission er [K ristianSin dball e], Report conc erning the claims to land in Svalbard. Part I A, Text; I B, Maps; Il A. Text; Il B, Maps. Co penhagen and Oslo 1927. Kr. 150,00. DET KONGELIGE DEPARTEMENT FOR HANDEL, SJØFAHT, INDUSTRI, HANDVERK OG FISKERI NORGES SVALBARD- OG ISHAVS-UNDERSØKELSER LEDEH: ADOLF HOEL SKRIFTER OM SVALBARD OG ISHAVET Nr. 63 SØREN HICHTER A CONTRIBUTION TO THE ARCHÆOLOGY OF NORTH-EAST GREENLAND WITH 12! TEXT FIGUR ES AND 1 MAP OSLO I KOMMIS,JON HOS JACOB DYBWAD 1934 I n 1929, as a member of a two years' hunting expedition, I went to North-East Greenland in order to undertake archæological field investigations. As a contribution towards my equipment, I had kindly been given a grant from the Un iversity and the Ethnographical Museum of Oslo, which insti­ tutions accepted my collections on my return home in 1931. When working on my collections during the course of the following year, the Museum was good enough to provide me with study accommodation and other assistance. The printing of this paper was commenced in the spring of the same year but for different reasons the work had to be postponed. Meanwhile, an opportunity occurred to continue my investigations in the field, and, during the summers of 1932 and 1933, I accompanied the Green­ land expeditions of No rges Sv albard - og I shav s-u nd ersø keIser as archæologist. This treatise appears in a somewhat broken form as the reporls of the two last summers have necessarily been indllded as addenda to the original paper. The drawings have been done by Mrs. H litten and Miss Krekling both of the Ethnographical Museum, Oslo; the translation is - I am glad to acknowledge­ the able work of Mr. J. C. Aird. Oslo 20 December, 1933. Søren Richter. CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 The Country p. 1, Climate p. 16, The old settlements of the natives p. 18, Earlier arehæologioal work p. 21. Investigations in the Field 1929-1931 . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 23 Hunting Requisites ... ......................................... ... ............. 44 Harpoons and Harpoon Heads p. 44, Loose Points p. 48, Lanee Heads p. 48, Harpoon Foreshafts p. 49, Socles p. 50, Faucets p. 50, Steering Wings p. 51, lee Pieks p. 51, Throwing Boards p. 52, Points for Bird and Fish Spears p. 54, Bows p. 54, Arrows p. 56, Bow Aeeessories p. 58. Knives, Axes and Scraping Tools . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 58 Knives for spesial purposes p. 58, Ordinary Working Knives with Iran Blade p.61, Ordinary Working Knives of Stone p. 62, Women's Knives p. 63, Axes p. 65, Whetstones p. 67, Bone and Antler Sorapers p. 67. DrilIs . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 68 19nition Drill p. 68, Common Drill p. 69. Household Utensils ........ ......................... ............................, 70 Lamps p. 70, Cooking Vessels and Pots p. 72, Boxes and Ladles p. 74, Trough and Clubs p. 75. Sledge and Dog Harness . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 75 Kayak and U miak . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 78 Stools . .. .. .. 79 Defective Wooden Shafts ..... ................... ... .... ............ ....... 81 Miscellaneous Finds by Hunters . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 82 Ornaments and Toys . ....... ..... ......... .. .......... ......................... 86 Miscellaneous Articles . .. 89 Concluding Remarks . .. .. .. 92 Investigations during the Summer of 1932.. .. 98 Investigations during the Summer of 1933 ....................... .... ..... ........ 121 Collections of Loose Bones . ........... ... .................................. ..... 144 Sites of Finds ... ........ ................ ........................................ 145 Map: The Central Part of North-East Greenland. INTRODUCTION The Country. North-East Greenland between the Liverpool Coast in the south and Cape Bismarck in the north, forms a distinct polar region of its own. Its long, eastern, sea border extends over six degrees of latitude. The Liverpool Coast, a serious obstacle in the path of all traffic up and down these shores, separates the country from the fjord system situated to the south, whereas on the north a natural boundary is formed by the inland ice which rears loftily almost from the sea itself. The territory stretching between the extreme points mentioned, is an area comparatively favoured by nature. The broad Arctic current which slowly fiows down the east coast of Greenland and renders it, taken as a whole, a most inhospitable eoast, presents fewer hindranees to navigation along this particular streteh.
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