C Vaugh, Mason (1894-1978), Papers, 1928-1969 2639 2 linear feet

This collection is available at The State Historical Society of Missouri. If you would like more information, please contact us at [email protected].

INTRODUCTION The papers of Mason Vaugh contain correspondence and reports. Vaugh was the second person to receive a degree in agricultural engineering from the University of Missouri and for thirty-six years served as a Presbyterian lay missionary in India.

DONOR INFORMATION The papers were donated to the University of Missouri by Mason Vaugh on 17 December 1968 (Accession No. WUNP3793). Additions were made on 17 March 1969 by Mason Vaugh (Accession No. WUNP3804) and on 11 October 1970 by R.M. Vincent (Accession No. WUNP3863).

SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE

The papers have been arranged into two series: Correspondence and Reports. Folders 1-115 of the Correspondence series are arranged alphabetically by correspondent's name or group. Folders 116-137 of the Correspondence series are arranged chronologically and are concerned with manufacturers of farm implements. The Reports and Articles series is in folders 138-196.

FOLDER LIST

Correspondence Series

f. 1-115 Correspondence A-Z f. 1-7 Correspondence A. Institute, courses offered, scholarships, Jubilee celebrations, visit by Vaugh in 1964. Agricultural Development Society (ADS), amount of orders, sales, visit of Nehru to factory. Training of Peace Corps Volunteers, weather, border troubles, removal of missionaries, political problems in the and India. Deposit of Vaugh's papers. f. 8-29 Correspondence B f. 8-12 With John Balis going as Methodist missionary to Allahabad. News of Institute, development of farm implements, agricultural problems in India, ADS problems, thresher project. With Institute employees on problem with Indian government, travel to United States. f. 13-29 With Dulal Borpujari 1950-1967, who succeeded Vaugh as head of implement factory. Primarily personal correspondence and news of ADS--plans, annual reports C2639 Vaugh, Mason (1894-1978), Papers, 1928-1969 Page 2

and problems with Institute members, sales personnel and government. Attempts to find financial backing from major foundations. Threshing machine project. Professional cor­respondence about agriculture. f. 30-37 Correspondence C f. 30 Correspondence concerning travel plans to and from India, 1957-1966. f. 31-37 Correspondence between Vaugh and supporting churches describing social and industrial progress in India, relations with Hindu's, Russian aid to revolution, funding of ADS, Institute implement scheme, thresher, harvester, education of Indians, trip to Israel, visits with supporting churches. Correspondence with Cedar Rapid Gazette, Missouri University award for distinguished service, Peace Corps. f. 38-42 Correspondence D. With Man Singh Das, development of Institute, development of course in agricultural engineering, thresher, Indian agricultural implements, Industrial Evangelism, organization of Naini Primary School, soliciting and distribution of funds, industrial progress, Indian reaction to American policy, World War II, retirement plans for Vaugh. f. 43 Correspondence E. Correspondence concerning land use, population control, irrigation, thresher, labor problems, building construction. f. 44-50 Correspondence F. Correspondence concerning the establishment of Institute and ADS, vocational agriculture, Sino-Indian conflict, social change, population, land use, irrigation, thresher, tractor, plows and other implements, drawings of implements and buildings, article by Ken Shou Fang with suggestions and corrections by Vaugh, article by Vaugh on subsistence farming, correspondence with Foundations, local government, religious holidays, Peace Corps. f. 51-56 Correspondence G f. 51 Equipment for sugar mills, list of articles by Vaugh which appeared in Allahabad Farmer. f. 52-56 With Sunit P. Gupta, mechanized farming and social change, cooperative farming, land use and fertility, government manufacture of agricultural implements, corruption in Indian government, agricultural performance testing, thresher, plow, sugar crusher, sales and production of ADS, Tractor Evaluation Project, food riots in Kerala, India- Pakistan conflict. f. 57-63 Correspondence H. Correspondence with Ralph C. Hay for funds to develop thresher, correspondence with Gary R. Hess about Higginbottom, outline of impact and Vaugh's contributions to implement development, thresher, shabash plow, sales data, C2639 Vaugh, Mason (1894-1978), Papers, 1928-1969 Page 3

background and progress report of ADS, irrigation, furlough regulations, early Institute, Church at Naini, radio, lighting, projectors, film, founding of degree course in agricultural engineering. f. 64 Correspondence I. Trip to Israel -- itinerary, proposals, appreciation. Comments, particularly on Arab farming. f. 65-67 Correspondence J. C. M. Jacob, 1958-1961 on India's agricultural problems, engineering department at Institute, relationship of Institute with University. B. K. S. Jain, 1957-1968, attempts to start society of aricultural engineers in India, news of threshing machine project. F. J. Johnson, Harold M. Jones on threshing machines with drawings. Mack M. Jones, 1941-1967, history of implement factory, wartime difficulties, political upheavals affect starting of agricultural engineering course. f. 68-69 Correspondence K-L. Agricultural developments in India, 1960­1962, chart pattern of land holdings in India, ADS. With Ram Krishen 1957, problems of ADS not being listed as approved suppliers. Reply about Danforth Foundation. f. 70-76 Correspondence M. India's political problems, Institute news, use of animal drawn implements, questions on use of terms- agricultural engineer and agricultural engineering. Setting up vocational program to train rural mechanics, India's agricultural problems, implement factory. Condition of Arabs in Israel. With Albert Mayer 1950-1967, Etawah Pilot Project, use of bullock power, opinion of CARE, Israel trip, ADS, financial support. Ford Foundation grant to ADS. Ohio State Experiment Station-thresher project. f. 77-80 Correspondence Mc-N. Views on Ghandi's death, positions of Christians in Hindu state. Postwar India, plows, thresher project. With Art Mosher 1941-1961, Institute news, problems with Dr. Higginbottom, missionary bungalows. With B. K. Mukerjee 1957-1965, ADS, financial problems, difficulty acquiring steel, facts and figures on production, improvements in factory. Experimental rice production. f. 81-84 Correspondence O-P. Questions on manual operated pump with diagrams. Agriculture in Israel, salt bush culture, desert farming. Vaugh's opinions of Foundation aid, exchange scholarships, Peace Corps. India politics, work in underdeveloped countries, work in Niger. Award Life Member in ASAE. Institute, ADS, Naini Church, programs for agriculture courses, development of India engineering society, background of agriculture engineering at Institute. With Cyril V. Paul 1957-1967, Ford Foundation, Allahabad Farmer. f. 85-89 Correspondence P. With Robert L. Pendleton 1941-1954, war C2639 Vaugh, Mason (1894-1978), Papers, 1928-1969 Page 4

effects on work in India and Thailand, tests on draft ability of bullocks, type of men in development projects, United States aid. With Ernest C. Peter 1958-1965, rain fed experimental farm with diagram, thresher project, comments on Indian students compared to United States students, Institute. Future Indian agricultural problems in postwar period. Board of Foreign Missions of Pres­byterian Church 1944-1945. Buying machinery, accomplishments of factory, student unrest at Institute, 1943. f. 90-93 Correspondence R. Pakistani war and effect on implement sales. With John H. Reisner 1957-1963, treasurer Board of Founders of Institute-­primarily about donations, Institute relations with ADS, memorial for Dr. Sam Higginbottom, Ford grant. Early work on improved implements, with editor of Allahabad Farmer, offer to head Boy's Home. With Donald Rugh 1957­1963, primarily about training of Indian boys in tool and die field. f. 94-99 Correspondence S. With Ram Din Sail 1958-1967 about Naini Church and activities, denomination problems, Christian minority, Institute plans. With P. B. Singh 1962-1966, tubewells, opinions of Nehru's stand on population problem, Shastri. Indira's election, possibility of Vaugh publishing book on agricultural engineering, India politics, concerning book on Sam Higginbottom. Thresher, possibilities of starting something like ADS at agricultural colleges in India. Concerning definition of agricultural engineering with ASAE members. f. 100 Correspondence T. Correspondence concerning co-authorship of Vaugh's book, sales data and financial statements of ADS, agricultural implement design, need for harvesting equipment, thresher, potato digger. f. 101-102 Correspondence U. Correspondence with United States Department of Agriculture and Ohio Agriculture Experiment Station concerning funds for and objectives of thresher development, appointment of Vaugh as collaborator and agreement between OAES and United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service. f. 103-105 Correspondence V f. 103-104 Correspondence with R. K. Varshney concerning Institute news, development of thresher, and electric cooking in India, Clara Vaugh's correspondence and article on basket­making industry in India and its social implications. f. 105 Correspondence concerning patents and sale of implements at Institute, plow, Peace Corps with Roderick M. Vincent concerning founding and development of Naini Community Church, student disruption, hunger strikes and Vaugh's C2639 Vaugh, Mason (1894-1978), Papers, 1928-1969 Page 5

will. f. 106-113 Correspondence W f. 106-108 Concerning Indian government's manufacture of implements, thresher, Vaugh's retirement. With Ralph C. Werner, need for capital at Institute, CROP, history of Institute, sales data of ADS. f. 109-112 Correspondence with Mr. and Mrs. William K. Whitcomb concerning Agricultural Development Society and Institute news, use of slide projector in India, chicken production, ferti­lizer, gardening, thresher, irrigation, need for capital, banking, sales data and labor problems of ADS, sending supplies to Whitcombs, article by William K. Whitcomb on agricultural extension project. f. 113 Correspondence concerning thresher, CROP, selling of implements, plows, self-help program. f. 114 Correspondence Y. Correspondence concerning Institute, Institute production data, requests for machinery, gifts of equipment, use of phonographs, political and food situation in India during World War II. f. 115 Correspondence Z, Miscellaneous. Concerning awards to Vaugh, Neurim Vocational Center, education in India, publication of Vaugh's book, proposed plan for small tool laboratory at University of . Miscellaneous correspondence is concerning agricultural problems, Institute problems and news, but correspondents are unknown. f. 116-137 Correspondence, Chronological f. 116-120 Correspondence, 1928-1957. Correspondence with manufacturers soliciting funds and machinery for expansion of Institute, establishment of Agricultural Development Society, development of thresher, mechanization of Indian agriculture, political and economic situation in India, sales program at Mahewa, design, manufacture and popularization of implements, reports 39-43 by Sarkies Thoomickian, contract dispute, minutes of Agricultural Development Society Executive Committee Meeting, July 18, 1957. f. 121-137 Correspondence, 1958-1967. Correspondence with implement firms, concerning equipment needed for ADS and development of thresher, sales data of ADS, import­export problems, price lists and illustrations of equipment, soliciting of the thresher to convert for use in India, appraisal of rural higher education institutes.

Reports and Articles Series f. 138-141 Articles, The Allahabad Farmer, 1931-1962. Articles by Vaugh in The Allahabad Farmer concerning experimental and cooperative farms, C2639 Vaugh, Mason (1894-1978), Papers, 1928-1969 Page 6

fertilizer, agricultural implements, agricultural and industrial revolutions, erosion, cultural practices and agricultural engineering. f. 142-143 Reports, Agricultural Development Society. Minutes of Executive Committee meeting of Agricultural Development Society, production, sales, price lists, Three Year Plan, proposal for company store for Agricultural Development Society. f. 144-147 Reports, Agricultural Engineering, India. Reports of activities and progress in field of agricultural engineering, civic responsibilities, needs in India, farming in flood areas, fertilizers, harvesters, threshers, subsistence farming. f. 148-150 Reports, Agricultural Engineering. Reports of American Society of Agricultural Engineers International Relations Committee, definition of term agricultural engineer. f. 151-166 Reports, Agricultural Implements, India. Reports on agricultural implements, drafts of Vaugh's book on implements, importance of improved implements, farm machinery, agricul­tural revolution, implement introduction in Mahewa, thresher, Wah Wah and Shabash cultivator, report of developments of implements at Allahabad Agricultural Institute, operational procedures for Institute. f. 167-183 Reports, Agriculture, India. Agricultural implements, threshing machine project, notes and graphs, mechanization of Indian agriculture, history and aims agricultural engineering department at Institute, agricultural revolution, tropical agriculture, increasing efficiency of India's cows, bullock power, programs to underdeveloped countries, list of articles by Vaugh. f. 184-190 Reports, Allahabad Agricultural Institute. Jubilee celebration, agricultural engineering, speech at inaugural meeting Agricultural Engineering Society of Allahabad Institute, 1945. Rain fed farm, village church, magazine articles on Shabash plow, ADS, request for Ford Foundation grant, Nehru's visit. Basket­making, copies of Allahabad Farmer 1935, 1939. f. 191-195 Reports, Miscellaneous f. 191 Report on activities, 1937-1944. Speeches on India to several Presbyterian Churches in Ohio 1959-1960, trips to churches. f. 192-194 Trip to Israel and Italy 1959, diary of visit, report and recommendations, clipping. f. 195 Awards and newspaper clippings. f. 196 R.M. Vincent Articles. Two items written by R. M. Vincent, stenographer and administrative assistant to Mason Vaugh, 1929- 1959. "A Brief Statement of Work and Life Sketch of Professor Mason Vaugh as Agricultural Engineer and Missionary from 1928 to 1959 at the Allahabad Agricultural Institute, Allahabad , U.P. India," 1970. "A Letter of Thanks and Advice to Allahabad Agricultural Institute from R.M. Vincent," 1970.

C2639 Vaugh, Mason (1894-1978), Papers, 1928-1969 Page 7

INDEX TERMS

subject folders Images Agricultural Engineering 41,45-47,52,58,147-149,165 Agricultural machinery 46,159 Agriculture--India 1-195 Agriculture--Israel 22,63,64,75,81-82,192-194 Alpert, Carl 64 American Society of Agricultural Engineers 2,44,47,82,98,137,148-150,195 American Society of Agricultural Engineers 46,51,137 Journal Ariel, N. Percy 3 Balis, John 8-10,47,50,55,186 Baumgardner, Marion F. 12 Borpujari, Dulal C. 13-28, 49, 52, 58, 63, 111 Boss, William 29 Boswell, Victor R. 29 Byg, Delbert M. 29 CARE 73 Christian Rural Overseas Program 107,108,113,183 Davidson, J. B. 44,46 Dodds, J. Leroy 31,32,35,41,42 Dutt, Ramesh 21-23, 160 Elema, Hindrick M. 43 Ford Foundation 22, 47, 49-50, 54-55, 63, 76, 84, 92, 100, 104, 108, 111, 159, 164, 187 Fritz, Dale B. 50 Gandhi, Mahatma (1869-1948) 52, 56, 62, 77 Germantown Presbyterian Church, Lennox, 33, 35, 36 South Dakota Haig, Violet 104 Hay, Ralph C. 57, 58 Hess, Gary R. 59, 60, 96 Higginbottom, Ethel Cody 61 Higginbottom, Sam 49, 51, 59, 77, 91, 93, 96 India 1 India, Indian Society of Agricultural 52, 54, 56, 80, 82 Engineering India--Home business 104, 189 Jacob, C. M. 41, 55, 58, 65, 100 C2639 Vaugh, Mason (1894-1978), Papers, 1928-1969 Page 8

subject folders Images Jones, Harold M. 67 Jones, Mack M. (1896-1979) 67 Khan, Amir U. 68, 178 Lilly Foundation 107 Mayer, Albert 16, 23, 64, 70-76, 118-119, 121, 129, 160 McKay, Paul L. 31-33 McKee, Ralph H. 77 McKibben, Eugene C. 77, 101 Menon, Krishna 44 Miners 12, 16-19, 21 y Mines and mineral resources 2 y Missionaries, Christian--India 1-195 Moomaw, Ira 91-92 Mosher, Art T. 78, 107 Nachmani, Israel 64 Naini Community Church 38-39, 61, 94, 105 Nehru, Pandit 3, 5, 25, 44, 49, 50 Nunn, Roy T. 31-34 Ohio, State Agricultural Experiment Station 49, 76, 101-102, 167 Paul, Cyril V. 65, 83-74 Pendleton, Robert L. (1890-1957) 85, 173 Pennington, Ola 85 Peter Ernest Christopher 85-87, 163 Pettit, Virgil C. 87, 102 Presbyterian Church, Board of Foreign 88 Missions Presbyterian Church, Missions, India 31-36, 38-42 Reisner, John H. 91 Rockefeller Foundation 22 Roy, Shumil E. 93 Self Help Program, Waverly, Iowa 46 Sino-India Conflict 44, 46, 49, 51, 54 Stevens, Clarence E. 97 Stout, Bill A. 98-99 Technical Advisory Institute 41 Technical Services Association 41 The Allahabad Farmer 84, 138-141, 156, 190 The Presbytery of Carthage-Ozark, Mount 31-35 C2639 Vaugh, Mason (1894-1978), Papers, 1928-1969 Page 9

subject folders Images Vernon, Missouri U.S. Department of Agriculture 41, 43, 101, 102 U.S. International Cooperation 58, 63, 87, 100-102 Administration United Nations 44-45, 157 United Nations Economic, Social and Cultural 81 Organization United Nations, Food and Agriculture 41, 47, 54, 81, 115, 164 Organization University of Missouri, College of Engineering 36, 37 University of Wisconsin, Madison, College of 42 Agricultural Engineering Vaugh, Clara Pennington 76, 104, 189 Vaugh, Mason (1894-1978) 1-195 Vincent, Roderick M. 105, 196 Werner, Ralph C. 107-108, 113 Westminster Presbyterian Church, Versailles, 34, 35 Missouri Whitcomb, William K. 109-112 Wright, Kenyon E. 40 Young Men's Christian Association, 191 Conference on the Economic Life of the Church, 1956 Zacharia, David 64 Zachariah, John P. 56