12720 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 1, 1974 on Monday to the consideration of the the standing order, the distinguished Upon the disposition of that bill, the supplemental appropriation bill, on senior Senator from Wisconsin

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS SOUTH BOSTON SKATES INTO Champions of the city of Boston for hockey history," as one newspaper writer SCHOOLBOY HOCKEY HISTORY the past 4 years, winners of the Rec­ put it the next day. ognition Trophy for League Champs Mr. Speaker, I refer to the Eastern given by the New England Whalers, the Massachusetts Division One semi-finals HON. JOE MOAKLEY Mayor Kevin White Trophy for City when the tournament favorite, Arlington OF MASSACHUSETTS Champs, and the Thomas H. Hines Tro­ High School, built up an apparently in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES phy for the Division One Eastern Mas­ surmountable 5-0 lead over South Boston sachusetts Hockey Finalists, Coach Tom in the first period. Wednesday, May 1, 1974 Aprille's skaters have been to schoolboy It was a Saturday afternoon at Boston Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, as a hockey in the hub what the Boston Garden, a sports arena that had been former South Boston High student and a Bruins have been to the NHL-in a the scene previously of many great former member of the South Boston word, the "best". moments in hockey. But none of the hun­ High Hockey Team, it is with great per­ Mr. Speaker, I could discuss at great dreds of veteran hockey buffs and scribes sonal pride that I call the attention of length the exploits of the 1974 South that sat with the thousands of stunned this U.S. Congress to the inspirational Boston High School Hockey Team, but and adjoining spectators and rooters and sensational achievements of the 1974 one story tells it all. were able to recall later anything like South Boston High School Hockey As long as I live, I will never forget what happened on the Garden ice during Team. "the ten minutes that made schoolboy the next 10 minutes. May 1, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12721 Mr. Speaker, I had just arrived at the [From the Des Moines Register, Apr. 22, the Chicago Board of Trade, and from the Garden, taken in the 5-0 scoreboard 1974] Baggot and Morrison firm, to examine them story, and was just starting to sit down PROBE AIMS AT CEA's CALDWELL; INQUmY and determine whether they generally sup­ when South Boston struck. STEMS FROM 1960 INCIDENT port the charges that Rosee and his lawyers (By Clark Mollenhoff and George Anthan) have macLe against CEA officials," Peterson One goal. Two goals. Three goals. Four said. goals. The Garden was going crazy. Five WASHINGTON, D.C.-The long-dormant The 65-year-old former Oregon County goals. It was incredible. Six goals. South Commodity Exchange Commission (CEO) is judge said he already is convinced that there Boston was ahead. In less than 10 min­ stirring and is deeply involved in a prece­ has been a general laxity in the policing of utes, Mr. Speaker, South Boston had dent-shattering investigation that could the commodity markets as a result of the arisen from the dead. Down 5-0, South have widespread repercussions in the polic­ part-time nature of the jobs on the CEO. ing of the $400-billion-a-year commodity The CEO, as originally conceived in 1920, Boston had fought, hustled, and skated markets. was to provide cabinet-level authority for into a 6-5lead. The investigation is aimed at Alex Cald­ protection of the integrity of the commodity Finally, after even more excitement well, the veteran administrator of the Com­ markets. The chairman was the secretary o:f and a tremendous display of individual modity Exchange Authority (CEA), who has agriculture and the other two members were courage by each of the South Boston been a one-man show in the regul&tion of the secretary of commerce and the at­ skaters, we won 7-6. the commodity markets since January, 1960. torney general. Mr. Speaker, again it is with great Before that he was deputy administrator By its inactivity over the years, it abdi­ for several years, responsible for policing of cated its responsibility to the singled-headed pride and personal pleasure that I offer boards of trade to assure that the public was CEA, which has been permitted to operate as tribute to headmaster and my good properly protected through segregated ac­ a one-man show under Caldwell because the friend, Dr. William Reid, Coach Aprille, counts. CEO, without staff or offices, depended upon Assistant Coach and Reverend Arthur THE CHARGES him to call their attention to problems in DiPietro, Team Captain William Curley, The charges against Caldwell, the Chicago the commodity field. team members William Flynn, Kevin CEA office, and the Chicago Board of Tr8tde It was obvious that Caldwell would not Couglin, Michael Farins, Paul Carroll, stem from the complaint filed by Bernard call attention to any matters that would Michael Lydon, Barry Milan, Paul Walsh Rosee, a veteran Chicago commodity trader reflect unfavorably upon him, and he was who lost his seat on the Chicago Board of the one CEO members would call if they Frank Casper, Brian McDonough, Fran­ Trade in 1960. heard complaints from others. cis Flaherty, Mark Bartosiak, Michael Rosee claims he was defrauded of more Despite a highly critical report on the CEA Howland, James Gould, Fred Salamo­ than $500,000 by the Baggot and Morrison by the General Accounting Office (GAO) in wich, Michael Colantonia, Richard Lin­ commission house, and that Caldwell and 1965, the CEO has never conducted an in­ nehan, and team managers Stanley others have engaged in a pattern of collu­ vestigation of CEA's administration of the Greely and Robert Walton. sion that has included Inalfeasance, Inis­ commodity markets beyond asking a few Mr. Speaker, this was a great school­ feasance and nonfeasance in office in viola­ questions of Caldwell who has always as­ tion of the federal laws and the rules and sured Democratic and Republican adminis­ boy hockey squad. They went further in regulations of the Chicago Board of Trade. trations that all was well. tournament competition than any other Although an Illinois court awarded Rosee The "all is well reports" have continued Boston team before them. I am proud to a $750,000 verdict against Baggot and Mor­ even in the face of several congressional be one of the thousands who had the rison and its partners, Caldwell has per­ investigations of CEA, and overwhelming opportunity to cheer them on. sisted in asserting that he finds no federal House Agriculture Committee approval of a Jaw violations in the admitted destruction of drastic commodity market reform law. commodity records by Baggot and Morrison Peterson's decision follows a House Sinal! officials. Business Committee report lambasting the CEA INVESTIGATION Within the last two months Agriculture inadequacies of the CEA in policing the Secretary Earl Butz has stepped into the case commodity markets, with tlie threats of the and has requested Ervin Peterson, chair­ Senate investigation getting into the specifio HON. DICK CLARK man of the CEO, to get to the bottom of the problems of the 14-year-old Rosee case. On the one hand, it is regarded as such OF IOWA long-standing case. Rosee contends that reconstruction of an old case that it will cause relatively little IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Baggot and Mattison's trading records in the furor, and yet the mere fact that it remains Wednesday, May 1, 1974 crucial period in the fall of 1959 will prove unresolved and active after 14 years makes that officials of the firm embezzled his funds, it a classic study of the inadequacy of CEA Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, last month by crediting his account with "accounts in protecting the commodity traders and the House of Representatives passed number 35 and number 45" that were not his. the public. H.R. 13113, the Commodity Futures For more than 12 years Caldwell has re­ INTERNAL REPORTS Trading Act of 1974, and, on May 13, jected Rosee's plea for access to those ac­ Internal reports of the Agriculture Depart­ the Senate Agriculture Committee will counts and the original daily trading card ment have long been highly critical o:f begin hearings on that bill and similar records of Baggot and Morrison in the cru­ Caldwell's weak administration of laws that cial period. were originally designed to protect the public legislation. There are many reasons for ASKED CALDWELL and traders from the very pattern of fraud a comprehensive reform of the Govern­ Peterson told The Register last week that that Rosee says he experienced. ment regulation of commodity trading, he has asked Caldwell to supply the records Peterson and the CEO members will not be but few things better illustrate the need for him to examine along with the record able to make final judgments on Rosee's for change than the case of Bernard of the hearing by the Chicago Board o:f case until they have reviewed the 14-year Rosee. After 14 years, the Commodity Tr8tde that led to Rosee losing his seat. record of Rosee's effort to obtain access to Exchange Authority still has not re­ Peterson, whose regular job is administra­ daily trading records and cards that are re• tor of the agricultural marketing service, quired to be kept by law. solved the controversy over his com­ Rosee has contended that the records of plaint and treatment. has a long background in federal and state government that has included regulatory dally trading can be reconstructed to prove Recently the Secretary of Agriculture work for Oregon. that Baggot and Morrison's firm h8td cheated has taken an interest in it, requesting Peterson, who makes no judgment on the him out of between $500,000 and $1 mlllion. Ervin Peterson, the Chairman of the validity of Rosee's charges against Caldwell, If he is successful in his appeal to the CEO Commodity Exchange Commission, to other CEA officials or the Chicago Board o:f to force the Chicago Board of Trade to give Trade, says the charges "are sufficiently seri­ him back the seat he is expected to seek rein­ investigate the role of the CEA in this statement of a multimillion-dollar damage case. In an article in the April 22 edi­ ous" to warrant an unprecedented investiga­ tion of the 8tdm1n1stration of the CEA. suit against the Chicago Board of Trade, tion of the Des Moines Register, Clark Peterson says the seriousness with which which he contends was involved in collusion Mollenhoff and George Anthan describe he is taking the charges against Caldwell is with the Baggot and Morrison officials to deny what has been happening. The report is indicated by his enlistment of the personal him due process of law. And he is also ex­ part of their continuing investigation help of John A. Knebel, the 37-year-old gen. pected to seek a reconstruction of the trading into the commodity futures trade and eral counsel for the Department of Agricul• records he had been proinised by the then­ the CEA's regulations of it. ture. secretary of the Chicago Board of Trade, "The secretary of agriculture told me he Warren W. Lebock. Lebock has since become Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ president of the Chicago Board. sent that the article be printed in the wants this thing investigated thoroughly, and cleaned up once and for all," Peterson Baggot and Morrison officials, the Chicago Extensions of Remarks. sadd. board, and the CEA officials 1n Chicago and There being no objection, the article FIRST JOB Washington have firmly resisted the efforts of was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, "My first job 1s to get all of the trading Rosee and his lawyers to obtain the records as follows: records that are available from the CEA, from under the Freedom of Information Act. 12722 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 1, 1974 Although the commodity trading records derstand the difference between Penn­ Vietnam conflict and the effects of a relent­ are required to be preserved, as a barrier sylvania Avenue and Madison Avenue. less war have made South Vietnam's econ­ against fraud, Caldwell and his CEA asso­ omy dependent upon continuing U.S. ald. ciates have contended that the records in­ That our aid will not continue endlessly has volving his own trades and trades credited to been recognized by the South Vietnamese him by Baggot and Morrison are "confidential leadership. President Thieu is now actively business records" and one of the exceptions THEFUTUREOFVnrrNAM seeking international economic assistance, to the act. and he seems willing to accept the fact (per­ Rosee's lawyers have argued unsuccessfully haps reluctantly) that the extent of Ameri­ to the CEA that since the trades in two par­ Hon. PETER H. B. FRELINGHUYSEN can support will continue to decline. Herein ticular accounts-accounts 35 and 45-are OF NEW JERSEY lies the future of America's role 1n South the heart of Rosee's dispute with Baggot and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Vietnam. Morrison ofilcials, there should be no question South Vietnam is a developing ce>untry of access. Wednesday, May 1, 1974 with a great economic potential. Through its Caldwell has remained adamant in preserv­ strong agricultural base and with economic ing the secrecy of those records even in the Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. Mr. Speaker, development the country certainly has the face of a 1973 U.S. Supreme Court decision I should like to submit for inclusion in potential to achieve economic stab111ty. The (the Ricci case) which declared that the CEA the REcORD an interesting article, "The prospects for discovering oil on its shores are officials should make such trading records Future of Vietnam", written by Peter rated excellent, and such a discovery would available for examination in carrying out the Hughes and Mark Haro:ff. This article be a major boost toward that country's self­ public protection intent of the commodity appeared in the April 15 issue of the sufficiency. But these developments will take exchange laws. Ripon Forum and it follows at this point: time, and it is time that the United States RECENT RULINGS seems unwilling to give them. THE FUTURE OF VIETNAM Somewhere in the process of... becoming in­ But more important than the recent Su­ (By Peter Hughes and Mark Haroff) volved in Vietnam, we seem to have forgotten preme Court ruling ordering the CEC to con­ both the international events that resulted duct the unprecedented investigation of CEA "The Vietnam War," wrote Robert Bartley in the Christian Science Monitor, is "far in America's commitment as well as our orig­ are the highly critical investigations of CEA inal purpose. We now have the opportunity in 1973 and the likelihood that more con­ greater national tragedy than even Water­ gate. In this case it cannot be said that our to learn from our mistakes and come forth gressional investigations loom ahead. with a positive policy. There is a good chance that one or more of institutions restrained mistaken men." these Senate inquiries of the regulation of Vietnam has come to symbolize the loss of the commodity market will touch at least 55,000 American lives, domestic divisiveness, briefly on the Rosee matter, and the trouble­ violent protest, a fallen President, and a plagued Department of Agriculture does not deeply wounded national pride. The result is FREEDOMS FOUNDATION AWARD wish to be any more vulnerable to charges that most Americans have attempted to of mismanagement. The criticism on the So­ block Vietnam out of their consciousness. viet wheat deals and on the dealing with the Only one year after the Paris cease-fire HON. BOB WILSON agreement, the war in Vietnam continues the dairy lobbyists on the 1971 boost in milk OF CALIFORNIA price supports has been more than enough. unabated. Although America's m111tary in­ Peterson, with experience as director of the volvement has ended, the nation is still IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES agricultural stabilization organization in faced with the task of defining what its fu­ Wednesday, May 1, 1974 Oregon, and with long experience as an assist­ ture role in the Vietnamese struggle should ant secretary of agriculture with duties in be. Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, last the regulatory field, comes to the CEA inves­ For many Americans, the moral disillu­ February, Miss Laura Elizabeth Fisher, tigation with the freedom to take whatever sionment of the Vietnam war has spurred an eighth grader at the Bishop School in action is necessary to clean up commodity the country to turn inward and toward La Jolla, Calif., received a principal regulation. isolationism. But the United States has an international responsib111ty which should be award from the Freedoms Foundation for based on the lessons of its mistakes and an her moving essay on her pride in being awareness of its limitations. an American. Her ess·ay entitled "Amer­ NIXON INFLATES TRANSCRIPTS AS Since the Vietnam cease-fire accord was ica, America," is a collection of writings IF THEY WERE THE U.S. ECONOMY signed in Paris in January 1973, there have that evolve from and were inspired by been more than 335,000 cease-fire violations. her first tour of the United States 2 years The Soviets and Chinese have continued to ago when she first saw Valley Forge, RON. ROBERT L. LEGGETT pour weapons into North Vietnam, and the United States has responded in kind. There Gettysburg, and other sites where Ameri­ OF CALIFORNIA is clearly no immediate hope for peace since can liberty took root. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES all available intelligence data still indicates I ask that her essay, as well as a news­ Wednesday, May 1, 1974 that the leadership of North Vietnam re­ paper article about her winning this mains committed to the goal of taking over award, be printed in the appendix of the Mr. LEGGETI'. Mr. Speaker, on Mon­ the South, which is enjoying greater legit­ RECORD as a portion of my remarks. day night we saw the President on tele­ imacy with the general populace than ever WINS FREEDOMS FOUNDATION AWARD-LA before. vision telling us about the mountain of JOLLA GIRL FINDS A LOT TO LIKE material he was about to turn over to the South Vietnam is not without its problems, Judiciary. And beside him there was in­ including the contining war, corruption, and (By Katherine George) deed a mountain of documents: nearly inflation. But the government of South Viet­ "I found a lot of nice things about our nam is not an anonymous collection of mili­ country," claims 13-year-old Laura Fisher, 50 thickly bound books making up 4 or 5 tary and bureaucratic "hacks." The average who has travelled across it thrice now, once stacks, each of which appeared to be per­ age of Thieu's cabinet is 41 years, compared by automobile and twice by train. haps 2-feet high. to an average age of 60 years for members Her most recent trip was last month, when This morning, I received in my office of H8ID.O'i's PoUtiburea.u. Many of these young part of America had something nice to say that same mountain of material. But de­ cabinet members were educated in the about Laura Fisher, too. spite large type and double spacing, the United States and share a common belief in The Freedoms Foundation at Valley Forge, Government Printing Office has appar­ classic liberalism. Most would like to see the Pa., was her destination. She joined such ently molehilled it down into a single vol­ government's decentralization and civil distinguished Americans as actor John liberty expansion proceed as quickly as possi­ Wayne, novelist Earl Hammer Jr. and heavy­ ume only 2% inches thick. ble. South Vietnam's minister of information, weight boxing champion George Foreman at It is plain that the only reason for H.E. Hoang Du Nha, one of the most able the 25th annual awards ceremony. distributing the transcripts into 50 vol­ Cabinet members, is totally committed to Following her first tour of the United umes was to make them look bigger on the growth of a "loyal opposition." Nha's States two years ago-when she first saw television. attitude toward political opposition is illus­ Valley Forge, Gettysburg and other sites Perhaps, in light of their highly in­ trative of a growing flexib111ty in the Thieu where America took root-Laura began com­ criminating content, it is petty to discuss government. This fact is recognized by Pro­ piling a scrapbook incorporating essays, pho­ fessor Nguyen Ngoc Huy, who, as leader of tos and stories evolving from and inspired by the physicial size of the transcripts. But the opposition party (Social Democratic Alli­ that trip. I wish that just once Mr. Nixon and the ance) , finds increasing freedom to speak Among the "nice things" she recalled were advertising executives with which he openly about the government. incidences of the proverbial Southern hos­ surrounds himself would show they un- America's long-time involvement in the pitality, such as the time the family car May 1, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12723 broke down and someone stopped to help many Capitols. In Richmond, we met Sena­ knee or needed help. In !both thoughts, the them fix it, so the Fishers could continue tor Hamner who was very kind. In Atlanta, subject of Mr. Lincoln being a kind and their trip. we met Governor Carter's wife. Some of the gentle person was mentioned. Tommy and Working almost daily last summer, she Capital's we stayed at or passed through were his parents both thought he was a fine man, finished her project with four essays, "The Washington, D.C., Atlanta, Baton Rouge, Co­ and above all, leader of the American people. Freedom from Fear ... from Want ... of lumbus and Albuquerque. Tommy learned that George Washington Speech ... of Worship," and submitted it We stayed in Washington, D.C. for one was not the inventor of the one dollar bill, last fall for the annual awards. week. With its bright lights at night and but Washington was a fantastic General and She thus became principal winner of the aromatic cherry trees, Washington, D.C. im­ was the father of our country because he was Nathan Hale Youth Award and recipient, pressed me very much. The many statues of the first President. Tommy had learned many along with Wayne, Foreman, Hammer and Lincoln, Jefferson and monumental struc­ new facts about America, and he couldn't others, of an encased George Washington tures commemorating George Washington wait to get back home to tell his friends in Honor Medal. remind us of our great heritage. Pennsylvania. It was a long drive for such a Her parents, Dr. and Mrs. Curtis W. Fisher During our long trip we visited the splash­ small boy, so Tommy layed back on the car of 5875 La Jolla Mesa Drive; her sister, Linda; ing water of Niagara Falls, the fresh smell of seat and dreamt of being in George Washing· and her brother, John, accompanied Laura to flowers at Monticello and the crackle of crisp ton's army. Tommy's mother turned around Valley Forge for the ceremony in Mellon Hall leaves under my feet as I walk up the path and draped her sweater over him. at Valley Forge Military Academy. to George Washington's house at Mt. Vernon. "A real American lboy," she said, "Tommy's John, 10, is proud to have been asked by An eerie feeling crept inside me while we a real American boy!" the president of the Freedoms Foundation to visited the streets and superstitions of the WHY I WROTE PRESIDENT NIXON lead the Pledge of Allegiance at the special past at Salem. Such places like Vermont and On a rather recent television news special, ceremony, according to his sister. Amish country Pa., where greenery mixes I watched an interview with the President. A panel of 13 State Supreme Court justices with serenity to create a heavenly palace of The man interviewing Mr. Nixon was reporter and 29 national representatives from civic, peace, often bring back quiet memories of Dan Rather. Dan Rather, in my opinion, educational, patriotic and veterans organi­ riding down secluded country roads. was quite rude because of the interrupting zations judged Laura's project, titled "Amer­ There are many monuments and buildings of the President by Dan Rather, and he con­ ica, America," the best among the essays, which stand recognizing our past, but to me, stantly attacked Mr. Nixon. I felt that Mr. poems and public addresses which students one lonely green lofty tree can tell more Nixon should know all people, young and submitted. stories through the beckoning wind greater old, did not feel negatively towards him, and The scrapbook will remain among the files than a man constructed edifice. all who spoke of him did not speak in a de­ at the Freedoms Foundation. By the request of friends and to satisfy rogatory sense. President of the eighth-grade class at The our own curiosity, we included in our trip, I decided to let Mr. Nixon know I was a Bishop's School, Laura's other accomplish­ a visit to the Freedoms Foundation at Valley firm supporter of his demands and views of ments include publication of a short story, Forge, Pennsylvania. One of the other reasons the world situations. I told him that even in Fun Journal, a chlldren's magazine, and a for going to the Freedoms Foundation was though I was young, I was not excluded from Daughters of the American Revolution award because of my winning of the D. A. R. award all political discussions and views. I round for history. during my academic school year. I found out most of them interesting and informative. When she wrote President Nixon a letter of how wonderful this organization is in bring­ I thought a simple letter would let Mr. Nixon support two years ago, he reciprocated with a ing to the attention of the younger genera­ know how I felt. However, that simple letter personally signed letter of thanks. tion the importance of really understanding opened my eyes and brought me closer to Rep. Bob Wilson, R-San Diego, saw the let­ the United States of America and in doing the world of politics. ter and sent her family a United States fiag so, also learning how to love and care for which has flown over the Capitol. it. We were given a tour of the wonderful MY LETTER Someday Laura wants to write her own buildings and I saw some of the finished DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: Although I have book, she explains. For now, she supplements products of different schools and students. I written to you before, I would again !ike to her writing with swimming, music, art, doll was extremely impressed and I was aston­ praise you in your good work. Being just a collecting, horseback riding and sharing her ished at how much work and thought was kid, I don't have many political views, but I family's interest in the Civll War era and put into each separate project. The Freedoms can spot a good President. There are, and antique collecting. Foundation at Valley Forge is doing an ex­ always will be (as for they are human), peo­ cellent job in the preservation of the Ameri­ ple disagreeing with you. I, for one am not can way of living, and I deeply support its such a person. I am all for you. Being a presi­ AMERICA, AMERICA every feeling. I have only named a few of dent can be a lonely jcb. There are, however, (By Laura Elizabeth Fisher, 5875 La Jolla the places to where I have been, but I can don't forget, people for you. Mesa Drive, La Jolla, Calif. 92037) assure you that in this brief outline, I wish Many wishes for the new year. to convey my deepest gratitude for living in Sincerely, A citizen America and being able to visit the Freedoms LAURA FISHER. Must Foundation at Valley Porge, Pennsylvania E xercise his which helps conserve our American past and HONESTY IS THE BEST POLICY R esponsibility future way of living for generations upon I wrote to Mr. Nixon to tell him my true I n defending the gen~rations to come. feelings and not for publicity. My pen didn't C redo of the A CHILD'S PICTORIAL VIEW OF AMERICA cease until every word that could express my A merican Constitution gratitude for such a great President was ex­ As the orange kissed sun wrinkles across A child plays an important part in the role hausted. A few weeks later, I received a the salling sky, I arise from my slumber to of the American way of life. He helps preserve letter from the President which was hand­ do my dally chores. One is raising the Amer­ and pass on the patriotism needed to be a signed. I had my picture taken for the paper ican Flag above our modest home. As I un­ true American. Each child is a separate in­ along with my brother and sister. furl the fiag, a great wave of emotion devel­ dividual who has different ideas on what Mr. Bob Wilson, Congressman of the 36th ops within me. Por I, a humble American America means to him. District of California, heard of my letter and citizen can raise freely the symbol of Free­ Tommy Everett is a good example. Tommy presented my family with a fiag which had dom, liberty, justice and America which is was taken to the Nation's Capitol by his flown over the U.S. Capitol. an honor in itself. Every time I gaze upon parents. They felt Tommy needed an educa­ I was filled with ecstasy to know I had let the fiag, I revisit the once played historic tion about his American past. Tommy everyone know my feelings, and most of a.ll I scenes and I have great faith in the Amer­ thought the Capitol was just a large building did it with dignity and honesty. ican Flag towards world peace. In the fur­ where a group of men gathered to hold meet­ ings and to mumble and argue about many Mr. Speaker, Laura Fisher's intro­ therance of my report, I hope to display the duction at the Freedoms Foundation of American Flag as a rememberance of our different laws. To his parents, this edifice great blessings and to narrate my America as was one of great importance. This was where Valley Forge Awards Ceremony held on seen through the eyes of the American Flag. new laws were made and old laws enforced. February 18, 1974, at the Valley Forge In Washington, D.C. Tommy saw the im­ Military Academy. She was introduced MY TRIP ACROSS THE UNITED STA'l'ES mense statue of President Abraham Lincoln. by the President of the Freedoms Foun­ Last year, our family traveled by train for seven weeks across the United States of This one statue showed various thinking by dation, Harold K. Johnson, General, U.S. America. We made our temporary home at Tommy and his parents. Tommy's parents Army (Retired). various hotels and motels just outside of his­ thought he was a fine man with a firmly The Principal Award in the Youth category toric battlefields, houses, monuments, streets chiseled face, a great President, and leader goes to Laura Fisher of La Jolla, California and other patriotic sights. We rented a car of the American people. Tommy thought of for her pictorial essay, America, America. Last and drove to many cities such as New York, him as a kind man with lofty limbs, fuzzy year, the Fisher family traveled by train for Trenton, Chicago, Boston and Seattle as well whiskers and funny shoes. He felt as if he seven weeks across the United States of as small towns. We also passed through the was someone he could turn to if he cut his America. They made their temporary home 12724 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 1, 1974 at various hotels and motels close to battle­ to ride to schools far from their homes in to send black children chasing to hell and fields, monuments and historic sights. Color­ order to achieve a mythical racial balance, gone behind white children is also wrong and ful pictures and essays refiect Laura's deep former Wall Street Journal editor Vermont psychologically destructive. It reinforces in feeling of gratitude for living in America. Royster noted, "There is . . . something ab­ white children whatever racial superiority Trustee Dean Elson is going to make the surd about busing a child, who lives within feelings they may harbor, and it says to black presentation. Laura's essay reminded us of a few blocks of an elementary school, a half­ children that they are somehow improved the grandeur of this great country of ours. day's journey across the country, with some by the presence of white schoolmates." She had a simply splendid portrayal of the starting before dawn and returning long after things that she saw, the things that she dark. For years the country labored expand­ heard, the things that she read and in many ing its school system to avoid just this sort respects I think the things that she felt. of necessity. Now when it isn't necessacy we THE SECOND ATROCITY OF MY LAI We're grateful to you for the kind of presen­ are reverting to it in the name of having the tation that you made and congratulations. 'right' racial quota." In November, 1973, Rep. Edith Green, HON. ROBERT L. LEGGETT D-Oregon, sent a questionnaire to constitu­ OF CALIFORNIA ents in her district, a predominantly urban, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES A NEW LOOK AT BUSING industrialized area located in a state which had adopted anti-discrimination laws long Wednesday, May 1, 1974 before the federal 1964 Civil Rights Act. Mr. LEGGETT. Mr. Speaker, Secre­ Speaking on the :floor of the House on HON. ROBERT J. HUBER Feb. 20, Rep. Green noted, "The mailing list tary of the Army Howard Calloway, OF MICHIGAN for my questionnaire is probably 75 to 80 whom I hold in high regard, has re­ duced the sentence of Lt. William Cal­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES per cent Democratic. One of the questions asked was on forced busing-the question ley to such a degree that he will prob­ Wednesday, May 1, 1974 was phrased carefully . . . so as to word the ably be free in a few months. Thus, in Mr. HUBER. Mr. Speaker, a recent ar­ question in as objective and nonpartisan a response to the murder of at least 102 ticle by Allan C. Brownfeld noted the way as possible. The question asked: 'Would unresisting Vietnamese women, children, you favor a constitutional amendment which and old men, our system of military jus­ comments of several well-known black would prohibit the federal government ... and white liberal education leaders re­ from forcing the busing of students from tice will have allowed all but one of the garding the problem of education and neighborhood schools for the sole purpose of killers to go free of punishment, and its relationship to forced busing. I was achieving racial balance?' We have tabulated will have subjected the one to a total of inspired to realize that these individuals over 10,000 responses and more than 70 per perhaps 40 months imprisonment, of had the courage to admit that perhaps cent . . . have expressed their support of a which more than 90 percent will have they were wrong in their earlier posi­ constitutional amendment to prohibit forced been spent not in prison but in confine­ busing." ment in rather comfortable quarters. In­ tions. I find it most encouraging to find The program of forced busing is not only that they now recognize that the most of no educational value, but is very expensive cluding the time spent confined to quar­ important aspect in teaching is the edu­ as well. In Charlotte, N.C., the subject of ters, this punishment comes to about cation of the student. the Charlotte-Mecklenburg decision, it is now 12 days per murder. Busing for purposes of achieving racial costing the local and state governments about Suppose a similar felony were to occur balance would be one thing if children $1.6 million a year to operate a :fleet of buses in an American town with American vic­ were truly learning. There is overwhelm­ as compared with $784,000 three years ago. tims. I find it hard to doubt that the per­ This despite the fact that the school popu­ petrators would receive, each and every ing scientific evidence, however, that lation has dropped by 7,000. Some children proves otherwise. I have always main­ ride up to 40 miles a day and spend two one, consecutive life sentences for every tained in my antibusing views that, hours and 45 minutes daily on the buses. killing. rather than spending millions of dollars The cost of busing for integration in Pontiac, Secretary Calloway's reasoning is dif· for buses and transportation, we would Mich., last year was $507,000. ficult to follow if we take it at face value. be better off if that money was put into It has become clear that forced busing First, he says Calley may not have been improving the present schools. It is in­ has been used as a substitute for improving aware that an order to kill unresisting teresting to me to see that no less than the level of education available within the prisoners was illegal. Second, he says he nation's inner city schools. Black activist agrees with the opinion of the court that black activist leader Julius Hobson now leader Julius Hobson expresses the view of espouses a similar opinion. It is a portent many black leaders when he declares, "Inte­ "Calley should have been able to recog­ that the antibusing position is being gration is a complete failure ... what we've nize the illegality of an order to kill un­ vindicated. What I find interesting in got is no longer an issue of race but of class, armed noncombatants, if he did in fact Mr. Brownfeld's story is that the vindi­ the middle class against the poor, with the receive such an order." Third, he cuts cation for those of us who have fought federal government standing idly by ... the Calley's sentence in half. forced busing for many years is coming schools in Washington, D.C. have deteriorated I am inserting Secretary Calloway's to a point almost beyond repair-if I could statement in the RECORD for the benefit from some who are thought of as mem­ afford it, I'd send my own children to a pri­ bers of the far left. If they now think vate school ... I have an opinion I hesitate of anyone who can make better sense that forced busing is not achieving any to voice, because it's too close to George out of it than I. real purpose, perhaps the day is not far Wallace, but I think it's time we tried to Mary McGrory's April 22 analysis in off when there will be an end to this make the schools good where they are ... the the Washington Star-News, which I in­ absurd method of supposedly "improv­ integration kick is a dead issue." sert in the RECORD after Secretary Callo­ ing a child's education." Apparently, Similarly, John Gardner, former secretary way's statement, may be more to the of health, education and welfare and now point. She suggests that President Nixon more and more Americans of all political head of Common Cause, declares, "We should persuasions are awakening to the fact proceed to upgrade the schools where they feels his only hope of avoiding removal that it does not. are now, and not sit around waiting for inte­ from office lies in favoring the extreme Mr. Brownfeld's excellent article is in­ gration that many never happen." right wing to such an extent that the 34 serted for the close attention of my Rep. Green concludes, "I have read as much rightmost Senators will vote to acquit colleagues: material as I can, and I do not find one scin­ regardless of the facts of his case, and [From the Phoenix Gazette, Apr. 24, 1974] tilla of evidence that forced busing has that letting Calley off is one of those achieved its stated goals or its stated ob­ BUSING BAD SUBSTITUTE FOR BETTER favors to the far right. jectives ... I believe that what white and My own view is that Ms. McGrory is SCHOOLING black parents desperately want is quality (By Allan C. Brownfeld) education for their children and I further right in her assessment of the adminis­ The massive school-busing program to believe that the promotional claims that tration's objective but wrong in her con­ which children in many parts of the country busing will achieve this are dangerously clusion that the Calley action will help have been subjected against their wlll and deceptive." attain that objective. As I see it, the the will of their parents is, for all those who Too little attention has been given to the wide support for Lieutenant Calley which are willing to look at this problem as it thoughtful criticism of busing as an educa­ developed immediately after his convic­ really is, both needless and a violation of tional policy expressed by black spokesmen. tion was only a kind of temporary mass the very legal philosophy of integration and Columnist William Raspberry, for example, In equality which, its supporters tell us, it is addressed himself to this question. He said, hysteria that quickly exhausted itself. meant to fulfill. "The artificial separation of people, in schools the week following the verdict, my office Discussing the concept of forcing children or out, based on their race is wrong ... But received heavy mail on the issue, all of May 1, 1974 EXtENSIONS OF REMARKS 12725 which opposed the conviction, and all armed noncombatants, if he did in fact of dead piled up in the bloody ditch outside receive such an order. the village. of which appeared to be based on serious In deciding that Lieutenant Calley's con­ The My La.! mass·acre has rough parallels misconceptions of the facts of the case. viction and sentence should be upheld and with the Kent State murders. In both cases, I then put out a rather strongly worded implemented, I have concurred with those young, green troops, overarmed and over­ release explaining why no verdict other who previously reviewed the fucts of the prepped for an encounter, fired on an un­ than guilty was possible, and overnight original trial and at each step of the appel­ armed "enemy." Four died at Kent State on my mail literally switched to 90 percent late process. May 4, 1970. The federal government resisted supporting conviction. As Secretary of the Army, it is my responsi­ for four years the calling of a grand jury. Last Today, I know of no Member of either bility also to address clemency action on be­ month a grand jury indicted eight National the House or the Senate, and no group half of Lieutenant Calley. My decision here Guardsmen, but none of the senior officers must serve the r~quirements of justice, meet and state officials who set the policy and other than the American Nazi Party, the legitimate needs for sanction against such put bullets in the rifles. In both cases it was willing to defend the shooting of 2-year­ conduct by individual soldiers, and, without the triggermen, not their commanders, who old infants as the act of a loyal and violating society's higher needs, accord Lieu­ bore the brunt. patriotic American just doing his duty. tenant Calley an opportunity to return to South VietnB~mese peasants have no con· I do not believe the Calley tactic will be society as a productive member. Therefore, I stituency and no spokesmen in the United politically effective. Still, it is disheart­ have remitted that portion of the sentence States. The ''atrocity" of My Lai, in public ening to see the administration still at­ providing for confinement in excess of 10 opinion, was the conviction of Calley. The tempting to bring out the worst in the years. This completes the Army's action in victims have become responsible for their this case. own deaths. By existing, they caused the American people. Although the incident at My Lai has been horrors of the Vietnam. war. The articles follow: correctly recorded as a brief but shocking Similarly, demonstrating students had (By Howard H. Callaway, Secretary of the chapter in the 199-yea.r history of the United few friends in May, 1970 ...The P~?sident called Army) States Army, I hope that my action today will campus demonstrators buxns. THE CALLEY CASE help to place the incident, once and for all, in But the Kent State Four have parents, and last week they were given permission by the As those of you who have followed this its historical perspective. The United States Army of 1974is embarked on a course marked Supreme Court to bring suit against state issue know, the United States Court of Mili­ authorities, thus giving the principle of ac­ tary Appeals on 21 December 1973 affirmed by new challenges and a renewed sense of purpose. Today's soldier can learn from the countability, which was burled with the dead the conviction o! Lieutenant William L. Cal­ 1n My Lai, some hope of new life, at least ley, Jr. for the premeditated murder on 16 anomalies of the past without losing sight of a better future. at home. March 1968 of twenty-two Vietnamese na­ Robert Jordan, who was the Army general tionals, and assault with intent to murder a DIVORCING THE MIND FROM MY LAI counsel when the cover on My Lai was re­ Vietnamese child. When this decision was moved through the efforts of a courageous announced, Lieutenant Calley's counsel filed (By Mary McGrory) GI, Ronald Ridenhour, and a determined a petition for Reconsideration by the Court. It may be time to re-read the letter a young reporter, Seymour Hersh, says he felt that This petition was denied by the Court on Army captain sent to his commander-in-chief the President's first intervention was un­ 4 February 1974. The next day, 5 February three years ago. fortunate. 1974, the Court issued a mandate permit­ "The greatest tragedy of all," wrote Au­ "I have had a great fear that something ting implementation of the decision. brey Daniel, III, the prosecutor of Lt. William even worse may be done," he said. Lieutenant Calley was convicted by Gen­ L. Calley Jr., after the President intervened As for Aubrey Daniel, who spent 19 months eral Court Martial at Fort Benning, Georgia to spare the convicted killer of My Lai the of his life preparing the case against Calley on 29 Me.rch 1971 of the offenses cited above. hardship of stockade life, "will be if polit­ and prosecuting him for the "premeditated The original sentence was dismissal from the ical expediency dictates the compromise of murder of 22 South Vietnamese civilians," Army, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, such a fundamental moral principle as the he has no conunent on the new prospective and confinement at hard labor for life. This inherent unlawfulness of the murder of in­ developments in the case. sentence was reviewed by the general court­ nocent people." "I said it all in that letter," says the martial convening authority, Lieutenant Now that Army Secretary Howard Calla­ Calley prosecutor, who is now an attorney General Albert 0. Connor, then Command­ way has cut Calley's sentence in half-he with a Washington firm and has "divorced" ing General, Third United States Army, with could be a free man by fall-the President his mind from the case. The American public headquarters at Fort McPherson in Atlanta, may redeem his 1971 promise of '"personal has always wanted a divorce from My Lai, Georgia. General Connor reviewed the case review" of the case. as the President well knows. He may issue in accordance with Article 64, Uniform Code The "political expediency" of 1971 is pastel an absolute decree, pardoning Calley and of MiUtary Justice and upheld all elements beside that of today. The President, clutching binding to him those people on the far right of the sentence except that the period of at the last straws of support, could further who are the only ones who care at all and confinement was reduced from life imprison­ bind the aggrieved right by pardoning Cal­ who feel that in slaughtering peasants he ment to twenty years. Subsequently the case ley entirely. was simply being a good soldier. followed the normal appeUate procedures, Callaway's statement, replete with contra­ resulting in the conviction and sentence dictions and ironies, accepted the defense being affirmed by both the United States that Calley's court-martial rejected. The Army Court of Military Review and the "mitigating circumstances" the secretary, a United States Court of Military Appeals. I west Pointer himself discovered in the vast CALIFORNIA A CAPPELLA CHOIR have had the case in my office for my review record is that Lt. Calley "may have sincerely GOES TO RUMANIA since Monday, 11 February 1974. believed that he was acting in accordance After exhaustive review of the record of with the orders he bad received and that he trial, I have decided that Lieutenant Calley's was not aware of his responsib11ity to refuse HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO conviction and sentence should be upheld. such an illegal order." OF CALIFORNIA There is no reasonable doubt in my mind On the Army's responsib111ty to find out that he perpetrated the acts for which he who gave the illegal order and punish him, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES stands convicted. These acts of murder and the secretary is silent. Of the 13 senior offi­ Wednesday, May 1, 1974 assault against unarmed civ111ans are so ab­ cers who were charged by the Peers Commis­ horrent to those who accept the fundamental sion, a blue-ribbon Pentagon panel, only two Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, I legal and moral bases for this Republic that were court-martialed and both were ac­ would like to take this opportunity to they cannot be condoned or forgotten. quitted. The general in command, Samuel publicly commend the Allan Hancock However, Lieutenant Calley is but one of Koster, was ex.onerated by a brother-general. College A Cappella Choir from Santa many who were involved in this affair which To the military mind, Koster has been harsh­ Maria, Calif. The a cappela choir is has become popularly known as the My Lat ly punished: He lost a star and a dazzling traveling to Rumania on May 15, 1974, or Son My, Incident. There are mitigating future. circumstances indicating that Lieutenant Calley is the only American soldier who as our ambassadors for freedom. Calley may have sincerely believed that he has served time for the murder of 347 South This is the first choir from my native was acting in accordance with the orders Vietnamese unarmed, unresisting civilians state of California to be selected to have .he had received and that he was not aware on March 18, 1968. Although the Army de­ the honor of representing the United of his responsibiUty to refuse such an 11legal fensively observes that his quarters are small States of America. There was stiff na­ order. This is a fundamental issue which and there is no door on his bedroom, he tionwide competition in this State De­ those who convicted Lieutenant caney, and receives dally visits from his girl friend, and partment sponsored program. those who have heard and acted upon his enjoys a martyr's reputation in some sectors appeals since, have addressed. In each in­ of the populace that feel he was only "doing The quality of performance by the a stance, the courts have found that Lieuten­ his duty." His duty, as he saw it, was to gun capella, choir is widely recognized. This ant Calley should have been able to recog­ down women and ohildren and to shoot a select group of young people from my nize the lllegallty of an order to kill un- two-year old who cr.awled out of the stacks congressional district, along with the 12726 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 1, 1974 eight preceding choirs at Allan Hancock on subversive elements in the United States. themselves to the internal destruction of College, have demonstrated an acclaimed Its role is even more important today than this Nation. at its initial establishment during the hard­ Our Country is in danger. The perU bears record of artistic accomplishment. The core fascist era of the late 1930's. With the maximum vigilance at any cost. many hours of hard work and practice decline of the FBI's survetilance of un­ Therefore, let it be resolved that the mem­ by the choir members and their director, American activities, only the HISC is actively bers of the Congress of the United States Mr. Glen Montague, speak for their deci­ working to keep Congress, law enforcement be petitioned by the Non Commissioned Of­ sion and determination to achieve a high agencies, and the American citizen cognizant ficers Association of the USA (NCOA) to re­ level of musical excellence. I have had of the groups and individuals advocating the ject any legislative efforts that will provide the pleasure of hearing the choir and am overthrow of the Nation's democratic and for the restructure or abolishment of the very proud of their representation of our republican form of government. House Committee on Internal Security. According to NCO Association President, Nation in foreign lands and before for­ Mr. James 0. Duncan, the United States can eign audiences. ill-afford to curtail or cut off the appropria­ tions and activities of the HISC. Said Mr. U.S. INDUSTRY NEEDS RHODESIAN Duncan: "The House Committee on Internal Secu­ CHROME NCOA OPPOSED TO HISC rity has been investigating the subversive TRANSFER influence of Marxist-Leninist groups on the morale, discipline, and combat readiness of HON. BILL ARCHER four m111tary personnel. OF TEXAS HON.JOHN M. ASHBROOK "Its distinguished Chairman, the Honor­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF OHIO able Richard !chord, has proven to one and all that certain subversive groups have done Wednesday, May 1, 1974 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES their best to disaffect the man in uniform, Mr. ARCHER. Mr. Speaker, the spe­ Wednesday, May 1, 1974 promote an American defeat in Asia, and hum111ate the man in uniform. Many have cialty steel industry of the United States Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, on named the military itself as the culprit re­ needs chrome in order to produce stain­ April 29, during the course of my special sponsible for today's permissiveness in the less steel. Rhodesia is a major supplier order-CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, page Services, but Chairman !chord and his com­ of this crucial chrome ore. As a result of 12059-I had occasion to mention mittee have pointed to the real criminal, an­ the disagreement with the internal briefiy, a solid patriotic group of Ameri­ tiwar groups who detest the patriotic men policies of Rhodesia which led to a cans known as the Non-Commissioned and women in uniform." United Nations economic boycott, some Officers Association of the United States In disseminating his statement, Mr. Dun­ voices have been raised in the United can urged all members of the NCOA to write, States urging the United States to rein­ of America. NCOA, which represents over wire, or telephone their congressmen im­ 160,000 noncommissioned and petty of­ mediately. "Request that your U.S. Repre­ stitute the ban on Rhodesian chrome. An ficers, has come out foursquare on behalf sentatives support full appropriations for the excellent editorial entitled ''Playing of the House Internal Security Commit­ House Committee on Internal Security and Politics With Chrome" appeared in the tee whose future a small handful of oppose any attempt to 'klll' that committee April 1974 edition of 33 Magazine, Mc­ House Members would jeopardize for the or transfer it to the jurisdiction of another Graw-Hill's magazine of metal produc­ sake of an untested "package," the so­ committee," said the NCOA prexy. "The Na­ ing. This editorial should be of interest called reforms recommended by the Se­ tion needs its watchdog more than ever." to all Members of the House of Repre­ Duncan, a retired Air Force NCO, heads the sentatives: lect Committee on Committees to reshape 160,000-plus member NCO Association of the entire structure of the House com­ noncommissioned and petty officers of the PLAYING POLITICS WITH CHROME mittee system. U.S. Armed Forces. The majority of its mem­ (By Joseph Mazel) Mr. Speaker, on March 28, 1974, the bers are on active duty with the Army, Our wise old politicos, ensconced in Wash­ Stars and Stripes-the National Tribune, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, and Coast ington, once again appear to have the wan­ carried an article entitled ''NCOA Op­ Guard. dering eye. Having apparently solved all poses Moving House Security to House there is to solve in their own backyards, they Judiciary," in which Mr. James 0. Dun­ LEGISLATIVE RESOLUTION No. 6: HOUSE are once again on the international prowl can, president of NCOA warned that INTERNAL SECURITY COMMITTEE and ready to play moralist. "well meaning but uninformed liberals'' A recent proposal introduced in the House And, steel-especially the specialty steel of Representatives recommends passage of industry-gird yourself, they're looking your in the House were out to toll the death way again. Oh, don't worry; it's not what peal for HISC. legislation that w111 transfer the House Com­ you're doing, it's from whom you're buying Second, on April 19, 1974, NCOA mittee on Internal Security to another stand­ a. certain material. Yes, chrome is back in the ing committee. The result of such a move, news. held its convention in San Antonio, Tex., if enacted, will result in the committee's where it passed a resolution petitioning Unfortunately, chrome is an indispensable eventual demise as the bill does not require part of specialty steel, being required in al­ the House "to reject any legislative ef­ that the committee's staff and files will also most every alloy. Unfortunately, there is no forts that will provide for the restructure be transferred. substitute known today for chrome in stain­ or abolishment of the House Committee The executive branch of the federal gov­ less. Unfortunately, stainless steels are essen­ on Internal Security." ernment has, as a matter of political and tial in such applications as pollution control The full texts of both documents minority group pressure, reduced its sur­ equipment, power generation equipment, follow: velllance of un-American activities. What transportation, food processing, chemical information is obtained is normally un­ and petroleum production, and the appliance NCOA OPPOSES MOVING HOUSE SECURITY TO available to congressional legislators or to HousE JUDICIARY industry. the American public. It is inherent upon all Unfortunately, these are the same indus­ Mr. James 0. Duncan, President of the patriotic citizens of the United States to tries pegged by economists to be this nation's Non Commissioned Officers Association, maintain a constant vigil of subversive ele­ growth industries in the short and long-term warns that well meaning but uninformed ments. There is no organization other than future. liberals in the House of Representatives, led the House Committee on Internal Security Unfortunately, Rhodesia has over 65 per­ by Rep. Richard Bolling (D-MO), are out to that oan and will do the job openly with­ cent of the estimated world's reserves of toll the death peal for the House Committee out malice, and in the interest of national chrome. The Republic of South Africa, Tur­ on Internal Security (HISC). security. key, and Russia are the only other countries In a recent move by his Select Committee Despite efforts for detente, the Soviet with signiflcant chromium supplies. on Committees, Bolling recommended the Union, by its mere existence, is dedicated Unfortunately, the United Nations has a transfer of HISC to the House Committee to the principle of world conquest. Some sanction on the white-ruled government of on the Judiciary. The latter group, over­ years ago the then Russian premier "prom­ Rhodesia. While the record cites many eva­ worked and overburdened with nearly one­ ised to bury the United States within." There sions of the economic sanctions by such third of the legislation introduced in the is no reason today to believe that they will countries as Japan, Italy, Germany, Swita.er­ House, could not care less. Evidently, Boll­ do otherwise. land, and others in Eastern and Western ing, rather than approach the issue directly, The hidden enemy exists today more than Europe, the Middle East, and even some came through with this idea that will allow at anytime in the history of the Nation. emerging African nations, the U.S. has ad­ the HISC to die a slow but agonizing death, They are around us, within us, and worst hered to the UN-imposed sanctions, except a very politically smart but apparently un­ of all, a part of us. As freedom loving peo­ for the importation of small quantities of intelligent move on his part. ple believing in a democratic form of gov­ strategic materials. The msc and its predecessor have for ernment, the United States cannot tolerate Unfortunately, Congress, in its infinite nearly 40 years maintained a close vigilance the existence of subversive groups lending wisdom, is now attempting to shut-off Rho- May 1, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12727 desian chrome supplies to the U.S. by repeal­ Schelonka, Leonard Robinson, Clark BRING BOYS HOME-TO PAY ing the Byrd Amendment. Typically, pro­ Robinson, Bill Bailey, and Mark Ellis. ponents of repeal are saying ellm1na.tion of Rhodesian chrome will not jeopardize spe­ The chaperones for the group include cialty or carbon steel jobs. Others put it Fred Perlee, Lt. Col. Milton N. Shiffiett, HON. 0. C. FISHER more bluntly: A "no" vote to repeal wlll be Jim Iry, Mrs. Asenath C. Coker, and Mrs. OF TEXAS racist and anti-labor. Karen Keller. IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES While visiting South Africa and its steel We welcome these young people from industry, I discussed and observed this po­ DeLaura Junior High in Satellite Beach, Wednesday, May 1, 1974 litical situation personally and it is my Fla., to our Nation's Capitol. Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, under leave conclusion (non-expert, however) that the to extend my remarks I include an arti­ solution to the problem wlll not come quick­ ly, nor easily. And, most importantly, it must cle on amnesty written by Jim Bishop. It be achieved internally. External pressures and was carried in the San Antonio Light. demands will only delay any proposed or TRmUTE TO RETIRING EDUCATOR The article follows: planned solutions. OF BAKERSFIELD, CALIF. BRING BOYS HOME-TO PAY Historically, economic sanctions have (By Jim Bishop) rarely worked the way originally intended. And, precedence holds true in Rhodesia. In­ Nations are mortal. Like people, they die HON. WILLIAM M. KETCHUM when they stop fighting to ltve. The agony ternal economic pressure from Black Rho­ OF CALIFORNIA desians could, however, be accomplished by of the patriot 1s that he must be wUltng to providing them wtlh more jobs and more IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES wear a uniform, shoulder a rifle, and be pre­ pared to risk death at the hands of a stranger opportunities. Keeping America in the Wednesday, May 1, 1974 Rhodesian chrome market wm be one step who fights for an aUen philosophy. in this direction. Mr. KETCHUM. Mr. Speaker, as many It was llke this all the way back to the If Congress implements this sanction once friends in the Edison School District of nomadic tribes. Everybody is opposed to again, we will see another American policy Bakersfield, Calif., gather to pay tribute war but, when it comes, if the young men that is shortsighted, uneconomical, and dis­ to Tom Lindquist, who will retire this run and hide, they aid and abet the enemy. astrous. year as district superintendent and prin­ 40,000 DESERTERS Except for this nation's stockpile of The United States of America has about strategic materials, of which chrome is one, cipal, I would like to add my personal message of commendation. 40,000 deserters of the war in Vietnam at the U.S. must rely solely on imports to satis­ large. They skulk in bitterness 1n Sweden, lD fy its demands. Well, the Arabs tied us up Throughout his over 35 years of dedi­ Algeria, 1n Canada, in small towns across the when they embargoed oil shipments to the cated service, Mr. Lindquist has received u.s. U.S., and they account for less than 10 per­ recognition by his colleagues, students, An organization called Safe Return cam­ cent of our supply. their parents, and the community as an paigns to grant them forgiveness. Unfortu­ Just imagine what can be done to our outstanding leader in education, not only nately, Safe Return was not devised to help country and its specialty steel industry if its the 53,000 American soldiers who died tn new suppliers should embargo chrome to as an administrator, but as a fine teacher. Vietnam. They lie uncomplaining in boxes. the U.S. because of domestic policies, or on Several such organizations pressure the some other pretense. Since his graduation from the Uni­ President and the Congress to permit the Additionally, the price of chrome world­ versity of California in 1938, Tom Lind­ 40,000 to come back to their famutes, be ac· wide will soar. The question: Can the spe­ quist has excelled in every field of edu­ corded the protection of the Constitution, cialty industry afford such a price increase? cation. He began his teaching career in and feel free to complain about what a lousy Gentlemen: Are you about to allow Con­ the Standard School District, Bakers­ system we have. gress to hammer one of the final nails (and field, where he remained unti11942. After Count my small vote as opposed to any­ it'll probably be foreign-made) into the thing less than slamming all of them into coffin of the U.S. specialty steel industry? 5 months as a teacher in the Bakersfield City School District, Tom Lindquist took military prisons for the full time they would have served in the military. As Americans, we 3 years out of his teaching career to arrogate to ourselves the right to disagree serve his country in the Army Air Corps internally, but, when we are called to fight a STUDENTS VISIT NATION'S during World War II. good war or a bad one, we are the UNITED CAPITOL In 1947, he was appointed district su­ States. perintendent and principal of the Edison Call them deserters, slackers, cowards, any· School District, where he has served for thing you please. In an article in the cur· HON. LOUIS FREY, JR. 27 years with characteristic dedication. rent Progressive, Judith Miller refers to them OF FLORIDA Mr. Lindquist served 2 years as presi­ as "self-retired veterans." The label isn't important. I think of them as "Slackers IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dent of the California Association of Anonymous." Wednesday, May 1, 1974 School Administrators for Kern, Kings, Miss Miller writes a sympathetic but and Tulare Counties; and 1 year as pres­ unpersuasive article for amnesty. I applauded Mr. FREY. Mr. Speaker, I would like ident of the Kern County Elementary the President when he shouted Never! Never! to welcome to the Capitol today students Administrators Association. He has as­ It is conceded that American involvement in from DeLaura Junior High School in sisted the Advisory Council of Fresno Vietnam was the most costly error in U.S. Satellite Beach, Fla. Almost 50 young State College in Bakersfield, was secre­ political history. We burled our blood and people are in Washington this week on a tary of the CESAA, central section in our treasure in rice paddies. trip sponsored by their student council. Among the casualties was a man named 1954, and is a life member of the Califor­ Lyndon Johnson. He believed his generals. Having studied the history of our coun­ nia Congress for Parents and Teachers. Another President promised us "peace with try in school and our government proc­ Within the California Association of honor." We got peace, but Vietnam didn't. esses, they have undertaken this trip School Administrators, not only as pres­ Honor is a word used by women of ques­ to see first-hand so many of the places ident, he has worked diligently on the tionable character. they have read about and which are rep­ State Policies Commission and the State ALWAYS WORST VICE resentative of many of the great events Nominating and Retirement Commit­ War has always been the worst of man's in our history. tees. vices. It is, as has been said, the final word in The students visiting Washington Listed in Who's Who in Education for diplomacy. There are no good ones. But, good from DeLaura are Cecilia Dorsey, Mindy 1963-64, Tom's active professional sched­ or bad, no nation can afford to allow its Hagen, Marie Didier, Valerie Shifflett, youth to decide individually for or against ule is augmented by additional commu­ war. Nancy Basile, Debbie Miller, Lisa Hays, nity service, such as being president of If the U.S. grants amnesty to the 40,000 Cindy Seitz, Katie Fabian, Karen Day, the Oildale Lions Club, 1952. who ran away from the flag, this country Valerie Neville, Paula Faulkiner, Kelly Most importantly, his friends are hon­ could never again raise an army or a navy. Davis, Beth Cottrell, Dondi Weber, Pam oring Tom Lindquist as a gentleman of If the need arose, 4,000,000 could evade Brantley, Debbie Gainey, Terri Saunders, high principles, a dedicated citizen, and serving our country because there is no rea­ Cindy Curtin, Nancy Sells, Jennifer Tay­ a credit to an old and noble profession. son why I should risk my life in battle if I am certain to be forgiven my desertion of lor, Laurie Foster, Shelly Moses, Lori It is a pleasure for me to add my best the colors later. Krause, Valerie Howard, Poncho San­ wishes to Tom, his wife, and family, on Within a few weeks, the House will begin chez, Bill Yearty:,-'Greg Howland, Rich­ his retirement and sincere appreciation hearings on amnesty. I don't know why. ard Briel, Ken Jones, Gary Leonard, for his dauntless e:trorts in the pursuit Those eager to testify are the people of Safe Pat Weber, Tom Gray, Mike Ellis, Bob of quality education. Return, relatives and friends of men who 12728 EXTENSIONS OF REM_ARKS May 1, 1974 refused to fight but who are now so miser­ energy from the oceans. Dr. J ohnsori are designed to insure that fish, wildlife, able in other lands that they are-excuse the postulated that if we d~dicated 0.1 per­ and other resources become "equally to expression--dying come home. cent of the 30 million squ~re miles of considered purposes" of the national wa­ THEY'D SMILE IN GRAVES ocean having the appropriate thermal ter development programs. They seek to The big organization, of course, is the Na­ conditions to building 1,000 power plants, insure that future water projects truly tional Committee for Universal and Uncon­ we could, in principle, supply the United will yield the optimum range of public ditional Amnesty. It is a coalition of scores benefits that the taxpayer has a right to of peace groups. The current law states that States with its entire electrical needs. a deserter can be sentenced to three years That single observation convinces me expect. in prison. If the 53,000 dead heard it, they that we should be conducting extensive We are living in an era when a large would smile in their graves. research and development of future uses segment of society is increasingly aware The peace groups should, I feel, canvass of ocean power. I urge my colleagues to of and concerned over man's impacts on the government of North Vietnam and North review Dr. Johnson's remarks, entitled the resource base. They know the prob­ Korea and ask how they disposed of slackers. "Energy and the Environment." lems Congress faces in trying to balance It cannot hurt to ascertain how other so­ development with maintenance of the cialist countries, such as China and the So­ viet Union, patted "war resisters" on the ecological integrity of our vital resource back and got around to saying: "Come on base. The proposed amendments I offer home. All is forgiven." FISH AND WILDLIFE COORDINA­ today reflect the experiences gained and I confess that I feel that it is criminal to TION ACT shortcomings identified in 16 years of spend 87 billion dollars in defense. However, operations under the Fish and Wildlife 1f it is necessary to spend this much to make Coordination Act, last amended in de­ America invincible to attack, it is money well HON. JOHN A~ BLATNIK spent--an expensive insurance poUcy. tail in 1958. But money alone will not save America. We OP MINNESOTA I am not suggesting that my bill is require patriots who feel that this country is IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES the sole answer to resolving this serious worth saving. We must have the same caliber Wednesday, May 1, 1974 environmental issue. Rather, I have at­ of humans who, at COncord an.d Lexington, tempted to identify and respond to the were called Minutemen. Let us grant no Mr. BLATNIK. Mr. Speaker, I am to­ weaknesses in the current program, amnesty for the man who wants his country day introducing a bill to meet urgent which prevent full consideration being to serve him, but will not serve his country. needs for carefully considering our vital given to the many factors involved in fish, wildlife, and other resources in our projects affecting water resources. To the national water development program. best of my knowledge, my bill responds Specifically, the bill would amend the to these problems. IN SUPPOR'r OF SPECIAL ENERGY Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, first But I suggest that it may be possible, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT enacted in 1934, to incorporate a number when public hearings are held, and I APPROPRIATIONS BILL, 1975 of recommendations from Federal and hope they may be held soon, to make this State fish and wildlife agencies and a bill even more responsive. I invite my number of conservation organizations colleagues to study this matter. I solicit HON. BILL ALEXANDER with an interest in these matters. A se­ participation and assistance in produc.. OF ARKANSAS ries of conferences among these groups ing an act which will assure that fish, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES developed a consensus of views and these wildlife, and other related resources are Wednesday, May 1, 1974 were incorporated into an Action Re­ fully considered in the planning, design, port released late in 1971. It set forth 169 and operation of Federal and federally Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. Speaker, recommendations for needed changes in licensed or assisted water resources though I was among those who voted legislation, policy, and procedures, all projects. in favor of H.R. 14434, special energy of which have bearing on the considera­ research and development appropria­ tion given fish and wildlife in planning tions for fiscal 1975, I remain concerned and constructing Federal and federally ISRAEL'S 26TH ANNIVERSARY that conspicuously absent from the Com­ licensed and assisted water projects. .mittee on Appropriations bill was an Among the highest in priority was to appropriate effort to consider the energy seek strengthening amendments to the HON. JOSEPH -P. ADDABBO options available through ocean power. Coordination Act. The bill I am pleased OF NEW YORK ENERGY OPTIONS INCLUDE OCEAN POWER to introduce reflects those firm recom­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES just recently I attended the annual mendations. Sea-Space Symposium, which is a society The bill would bring projects con­ Wednesday, May 1, 1974 of leaders in science, industry, and Gov­ structed or assisted by the Tennessee Mr. ADDABBO. Mr. Speaker, it is with ernment, brought together fo.r the pur­ Valley Authority and the Soil Conserva­ a great deal of hope and a feeling of pose of promoting the efficient exchange tion Service, as well as those licensed by friendship that I join with those free­ of technology between the space and the Atomic Energy Commission, under dom loving people throughout the world marine environments. Members of the the provisions of the act. It would en­ who are celebrating the 26th anniversary Sea-Space Symposium have joined in courage changes in planning procedures of Israel. I have been very fortunate to a mutual effort to support and encourage to have fish and wildlife professionals have visited the State of Israel several the technological growth of the Nation, become a part of each project planning times during recent years and to have the development and utilization of the team so their views and recommenda­ met with the leaders of that sovereign resources of the sea and space, the edu­ tions would be built into project plan­ nation. I have also had the unique op­ cation of the public to the benefits that ning from the earliest point. The joint portunity to witness the moving strug­ are to be realized, and the development planning of projects called for would gle of a people determined to resist at­ of the sciences that will make achieve­ minimize and help eliminate the divisive tempts at their destruction. ment possible. and costly delaying action-reaction re­ One look at the world map tells the The subject of the 1974 spring con­ lationships among agencies. story of the importance of Israel's sur­ ference was "Power from the Oceans," The amended act would encourage use vival to the free world, for her ability or as some would describe it, "Ocean of new procedures to prevent, compen­ to prosper assures a link from democratic Power As It Relates to the Energy sate, and mitigate fish and wildlife losses nations to the Middle East. But one must Crisis." The ocean is a vast resource of in national water development projects. do more than study a world map to un­ energy and its development is far from It would strengthen public participation derstand the people of Israel and the his­ realization of its potential. in planning water development projects. toric struggle for freedom which has been One of the highlights of the meeting It would help insure that features rec­ the strength of her people. One who has was a presentation by Dr. Betsy Ancker­ ommended for fish and wildlife be in­ not visited Israel cannot understand the Johnson, assistant secretary of com­ stalled in phase with other project fea­ constant cloud of uncertainty which merce for science and technology, dur­ tures, rather than at some later date hangs over this nation as the direct re­ ing which she discussed several options when land costs, for example, have es­ sult of the efforts of her neighbors to for development of energy potential. One calated. drive Israel into the sea. of the options includes development of In short, the amendments generally Recent years and recent months have May 1, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12729 been particularly difficult for Israel, but in the filth and harsh tempers of a perfect FORGET THE INNOCENT our hopes for a lasting peace in the Mid­ backdrop for crime. Law and Order has recently come to be It is entering the sacred temple of the law known as the code expression to the socio­ dle East remain strong and alive. Israel with reverence, only to see crude, coarse, logical etymologists among us. It means keep has come a long way since the United Na­ gross and profane graffiti leap out at you the niggers and spies off the streets and in tions guaranteed her sovereignty 26 years from the walls, scarred by magic markers. It jail. It means that the presumption of inno­ .ago and Israel can be very proud of her is a mise en scene more fitting for the stink cence should be done away with. record since that date. Democracy is a of a toilet in a dirty subway. So successful has the era of law and order heritage which we in the United States THE ARENA been, along with the cry of crime 1n the cherish and democrcay is the cornerstone streets, strict construction and preventive The law, which embraces every human detention, that the urban jails of America of Israel. predicament in its eclectic reach, is the per­ Puerto Ricans. Of course, as you now know, As we in the United States join others fect place to study democracy's imperfec­ literally bulge to bursting with blacks and in wishing our Israel friends success on tions, its sullied dreams. Each courtroom is Puerto Ricans. Of course, as you now know, the 26th anniversary of their sovereign an off-Broadway arena, where the law, cos­ Puerto Ricans are known, by order of those state, I add my prayers for a true resolu­ tumed in the emperor's clothing, feeds upon ethnic Napoleons who have the gall to divide its amendments, then devours itself and its and rule, as "hispanics." tion of the Middle East tensions which young. has concerned all nations of the world as In this country's cities, every day and every One becomes aware of the poet's cry in the night, the police having hunted in those a threat to world peace. darkness that the situation of this time sur­ ghettos we call jungles, produce their catch. rounds us like a baffling crime. While Gil­ Preventive detention, specifically rejected bert and Sullivan lyrics can command that by the State Legislature, leaps miraculously the punishment fit the crime, penalties re­ life, as judges set ball a.t figures which main a variable vexation in our law. to THE FAILINGS OF OUR CRIMINAL Too often, the rich and the powerful have rival the national debt. Even as the rich JUSTICE SYSTEM could buy their freedom from military serv­ their wrists rapped lightly, while the poor, ice during the Civil War, so too, only the for the same or a similar offense, are packed wealthy, when accused of crime, can buy off to durance vile. HON. HERMAN BADILLO When the respectable citizens run afoul of their pretrial freedom. ZOOS AND THEIR OCCUPANTS OF NEW YORK the law, the body statutory writhes to make flexible adjustments. If the law has a soci­ Whether or not we admit it, our j•alls have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ology, it is a middle class one, where middle become nigger and hispanic zoos, with mostly Wednesday, May 1, 1974 class white judges yield to what Professor white keepers, who throw slop at the two­ Robert G. Olson has called "The Morality Of legged beats, turn keys and, genera.lly, keep Mr. BADILLO. Mr. Speaker, today is Self-Interest." 1 their human captives With the hatred and Law Day and throughout the country When that Nebraska-born son of the contempt one reserves for wild and danger­ attention will be focused on the legal middle-border, Roscoe Pound, propounded ous beasts. profession, the courts, and law enforce­ the thesis that the law should be an efficient Even Mayor Lindsay, when he was our chief ment activities. I am afraid, however, instrument for social reconstruction,ll he 'magistrate, and himself a. lawyer, !has been that little if any heed will be given to the must have thought that the law would be 1n shown on television rushing to the bedside for radical progress. of a police officer who had been shot in the many serious shortcomings in the Amer­ Such has not been the case, alas. abdomen, a sad expression fixed to his face. ican criminal justice system. Scant con­ Unfortunately, there may be more sociol­ He condemned the defendant, not then yet cern will be expressed for the manner in ogy on the walls of the courthouse where I . arraigned, as a "vicious gunman." Alas, for which our legal processes treat the Na­ labor, than anywhere else in the assizes of the presumption of innocence. tion's minorities or those persons who the law. Outside the tiny and infested court­ Looking at such a spectacle, it was easy to are now imprisoned or on parole. room where I have been banished, for ex­ imagine impartial jurors, f.resh from such Recently, New York City Criminal ample, there is an arresting legend. It is X-rated bias, to vote to do a. way with the pre­ written in the clear and legible handwriting sumption of innocence and quickly arrive at Court Judge Bruce Wright delivered a of the illiterate, as Arthur Koestler once de­ a unanimous and prearranged finding of very timely and perceptive address be­ scribed Spencerian slants and ovals. Refer­ guilt. fore the faculty, students, and alumni ring to a certain television commercial, it The Mayor, had just stepped through an­ of New York Law School. He quite aptly says, "Charley Tuna must be a Nigger fish; other looking glass, into the wonderland of observed the serious shortcomings in the he's so socially unacceptable." pre-trial publicity. Demonstrating his versa­ criminal justice system and commented Another message, reading like a militant tility, he also condemned the judge as a.n ex­ on the double standard which exists in and murderous fhjunction, says, "Kill, kill, ample of "judicial insensitivity." the implementation of justice. As Judge kill, but klll the Niggers and the Jews first." MATTER OF BAIL Wright so correctly noted: Crowning all of this alfresco hatred is the Excessive bail tears off the false skin cover­ Lenny Bruce comment on the legal profes­ ing the American bias against the poor. This If the law has its imperfections, it reflects sion. It says that, "In the Halls of Justice, kind of fiscal justice is a dirty joke 41>layed whatever is missing in the men who make justice is in the Halls." upon the most vulnerable segment of our them and construe them. NOT WITH A BANG people. It caters to class fears and spurs the Judge Wright's remarks were re­ Something is out of joint with the legal development of oppressive techniques. printed in the April 22 edition of the business, if it so uniformly inspires such When the haves hold the have-nots in con~ New York Law Journal. I believe it is melancholy criticism from those who are its tempt, they do so because of an overriding most important that we consider what victims. They are prophets of doom in their belief that the have-nots are planning revo­ anonymity. Their trips to court offer a theme lution which the haves neglect when depriv­ he has said, especially on Law Day, and and variation on the T. S. Eliot dictum that, ing the poor and the helpless. I am pleased to present his speech here­ "This is the way the world ends, this is the The city seems to do that sort of thing to with for inclusion in the RECORD: way the world ends, this is the way the world us. When it was suggested that all police­ AN ANGRY JUDGE AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE ends, not with a bang but With a whimper." a men should live in the city of their employ­ ment there was a unanimous cry of dissent (By Bruce McM. Wright) Closer to the truth, I suppose, is that it ends with both a bang and a whimper, with from the officers, who said that the place was (NoTE.-New York City Criminal Court far to dangerous for them to have their Judge Bruce Wright has become a contro­ no guarantee which comes first. If the law has its imperfections, it reflects families. This is the very city the pollee are versial judicial figure because of his views sworn to protect and guard. In guard we with respect to bail for prospective criminal whatever is missing in the men who make them and construe them. If the law is too trust, indeed. defendants. Judge Wright is an alumnus of distant from its handmaiden, justice, then The police should know. They seem to New York Law School and the adjoining text have had a large part in making the city is excerpted from his address recently to the some of us must become latter-day Sir Gala­ hads, seeking out its holy grail, so that crim­ lawless. The Knapp Commission publicized faculty, students and alumni of New York inal justice may become more just than some shocking revelations about New York's Law School.) criminal. Finest. Their taking of graft, and their theft The criminal law is the world of Alice As we watch our national cheerleader, of large quantities of narcotics from their stepping through the looking glass into an own property clerk, makes them millionaires underworld wonderland. It is the mad de­ President Nixon, with a futile finger in the dyke, while Watergate floods our country in of the expensive suburbs, where most of rangements of a maze in Kafka's Castle and them live. the lunatic ordeal of his trial. It is the write­ cynicism and ravages our spiritual ecology, issues of law and order take on a strange sig­ These fearless guardians have now asked it-as-you-go script for Ionesco's Theatre of to carry shotguns. That they do not need the Absurd. It is a Three Penny Opera sung nificance. such weaponry has been demonstrated by to Brecht-neck speed. It is a ragged panto­ the shooting of a little Black boy. His death mime and a poor people's pageant, acted out. Footnotes at end of article. shows that handguns are accurate enough. 12730 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 1, 1974 It also shows that all Negroes look alike, which all of us have been nourished and and in so doing, save the white man the since the little boy was said to resemble a rerured. nettlesome task. It is no secret that the poor robbery suspect who is a full-grown man. It needs judges who can ignore the hysteri­ prey upon the poor; after all, the risks are As with God, our city is said to be quite cal screaming of the muck-ralmng tabloids less. dead in the crumble and decay of its poor. and policemen's gazettes. The built-in ghetto syndrome applies even Budgets are overextended. Services are being It needs to train judges and pick them in crime, as it does for residential purposes. curtailed; judges and commissioners are in a way which is radically different from COLOR IT BLACK trembling at the sound of the name Nadjari. the way it is now done. Bright young law At a recent conference of judges, I was Nixon lawyers quail at the prospect of a students should. opt for the profession of subpoena from Jaworski. judging, in their third year of law school and accused of being hung up on the question But this old rat-infested port city con­ then begin arduous training which leads to of race in America and the courts. I pleaded tinues to endure. It may be old, dirty and guilty and attempted to explain to my the awesome power of ·a judge. learned brothers that there is perhaps a dif. overcrowded. But as the recent primary JUDICIAL TRAINING showed, there are many lovers and suitors ference between being "racial," and being for the hand of the ancient mistress. The new training for judges should involve "racist," I failed. One judge, bursting with What Beethoven, Bach, Brahms and an apprentihit man of the Eisenhower Administration conceivable argument for the oftlce is that of any kind, sort or description in the ad­ and subsequently as President assigned the it~ provides an automatic solution to the ministration from the top to the bottom. same delicate responsib111ty to Mr. Agnew, problem of·succession. No doubt it does, but This he has made evident again and again." thereby making him, as EUgene McCarthy does lt provide the best solution? Fortunately for T .R., he had to endure only wittlly said, "Nixon's Nixon.'' Mr. Nixon is It is said in political science departments six months of frustration. When he acquired evidently trying to stuff Mr. Ford into that that the vice presidency justifies itself as a a Vice President of his own, he could not slot today. This is hardly a promising devel­ "learning" office where men train themselves have been more destructive of poor Charley opment. If there is anything certain to ruin for the great responsib111ty that may one Fairbanks. He used to reg.ale Washington the vice presidency forever, it is the theory day be theirs. Even if the Vice President has with Finley Peter Dunne's crack after the that the Vice President is the mandatocy nothing to do, at least-we are assured-he President told him he was thinking of going instrument for an administration's partisan can watch what others are doing and pre­ down in a submarine: "You really shouldn't rancor. pare himself to take over if calamity strikes. do it-unless you take Fairbanks with you!' For the rest, the vice presidency 1s make­ This implies, I fear, an unduly romantic Tom Marshall, who a.t least extracted a good work. Presidents spend time that might be view of Presidents. deal of shrewd humor out of hts pred!ca· 12736 EXTENSIONS 0~ REMARKS May 1, 1974 ment, concluded that the Vice President "is if not mischievous" but defended it in per­ The Twelfth Amendment sent the vice presi­ like a man in a cataleptic state: he cannot functory fashion because the Vice Presi· dency into prompt decllne. The first two Vice speak; he ca.I).not move; he suffers no pain; dent's tie-breaking vote could prevent dead· Presidents had moved on directly to the and yet he· is perfectly conscious of every­ locks in the Senate and because the Vice presidency. After the amendment was en­ thing that,is going on about him." President himself would provide a "consti· acted, the vice presidency became a resting In recent years, as men of larger aspira­ tutional substitute" for the 'President. There place for mediocrities. Who can remember tions and capacities have responded to the was even a dispute in the First Congress as to Burr's successors-George Clinton, Elbridge actuarial attractions of the office, the dam­ whether the Vice President should receive an Gerry, Daniel D. Tompkins? For a generation age to Vice Presidents has increased. The annual salary. the office of Secretary of State became the more gifted and ambitious the Vice Presi­ The vice presidency was put into the Con­ stepping-stone to the presidency; thereafter dent, the more acute his frustrations-and stitution for one reason, and one reason Presidents were elected from anywhere ex­ the less his President is inclined to do to alone. Hugh Williamson of North Carolina, cept the vice presidency. In the 170 years alleviate it. Everyone knows the humiliation a member of the committee that originated since the Twelfth Amendment only one Vice that Eisenhower repeatedly visited on Nixon. the idea, conceded in the Convention that President-Martin Van Buren-ha.s advanced Only a man who has the overpowering ego "such an office as vice-President was not directly to the presidency by election. More of a Lyndon Johnson and is treated by his wanted. He was introduced only for the sake than half our Vice Presidents in the nine­ President, as Johnson was, with relaJtive con­ of a valuable mode of election which re­ teenth century were actually older than their sideration can survive the vice presidency; quired two to be chosen at the same time." Presidents. Wllliam R. King, when selected and even Johnson was a subdued and shrunk· This is an essential but neglected point. The as Vice President with Franklin Pierce, was en man by 1963. "It's like being naked in the theory of presidential elections embodied known to have an incurable disease and died middle of a blizzard with no one to even of­ in the Constitution was that if electors had six weeks after inauguration. Nor was King fer you a match to keep you warm-that's to vote for two men wi'I:Jlout designating the only Vice President to die in office. Apart the vice presidency," said Hubert Humphrey which was to be Pre~ident and which Vice from their families, few cared or even noticed. in 1969, eight months after he had been re­ President, and 1f one of these men had, as The vice presidency was nothing. "It is not leased from confinement. "You are trapped, the Constitution required, to be from an­ a stepping stone to anything except obllvion," vulnerable and alone, and it does not matter other state, then both men who topped the said Theodore Roosevelt when Boss Platt who happens to be President." poll would be of the highest quallty, and the conned him into accepting the vice presiden­ There is no escape, it seems to me, from thf) republic would be safe in the hands of tial nomination in 1900. "I fear my bolt is conolusion that the vice presidency: is not either. s)lot." For thirty-eight years-almost a quar­ only a meaningless but a hopeless office. Tru­ This ingenious scheme did produce Adams ter of the time that has passed since the man said, and many have repeated, that and Jefferson as the first two Vice Presi­ ratification of the Twelfth Amendment-the "there is no officer in our syste to the great detri­ attempt to fix wage rates. Carpenters, joiners, that their paper money was close to value­ ment of the public service and grievous op­ bricklayers, lawyers and thatchers were tore­ pression of individuals ... resolved, that it ceive no more than two shillings a day. A less but that prices had risen mainly because be recommended to the several states to re­ fine of ten sh11lings was to be levied against of unpatriotic speculators who were enemies peal or suspend all laws or resolutions within anyone who paid or received more.2 In addi­ of the government. "The real causes of ad­ the said states respectively limiting, regu­ tion, "no commodity should be sold at above vancing prices," one historian notes, "were as lating, or restraining the Price of any Ar­ completely overlooked by that body as they 1 four pence in the sh1111ng [ 33% J more than ticle, Manufacture or Commodity." 7 it cost for ready money in England; oil, wine, were by Lysias when prosecuting the corn­ One historian of the period tells us that etc., and cheese, in regard to the hazard of factors of Greece. As the Greek orator wholly after this date commissary agents were in­ attributed the dearness of corn to a combi­ bringing, etc., (excepted)." s structed "to give the current price ... let it Weeden comments drily that "These reg­ nation among the factors, so did Congress be what it may, rather than that the army ascribe the enormous advance in the price of should suffer, which you have to supply and ulations lasted about six months and were things to the action of those having com­ repealed."' the intended expedition be retarded for want modities for sale." 9 of it." By the Fall of 1778 the army was fairly There was an attempt at about the same On November 19, 1776, the General Assem­ well-provided for as a direct result of this time to regulate trade with the Indians ... bly of Connecticut felt impelled to pass a change in policy. The same historian goes on with the same result. The price of beaver­ series of regulations providing for maximum to say that "the fiexibillty in offering prices skins (an important article of trade at the prices for many of the necessaries of life. It and successful purchasing in the country in also declared that "a.ll other necessary arti­ 1778 procured needed winter supplies want­ Footnotes at end of article. cles not enumerated be in reasonable accus- ing in the previous year." 1., May 1, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12741 The American economist, Pelatiah Web­ pears the results are in line with other with Reverend Lee in offering blessings ster, writing toward the end of the War of surveys. for St. Johns. Independence in January, 1780, evaluated in a few succinct words the sporadic record of In counting the 59,517 responses, my The history of St. John's Episcopal price and wage controls in the new United staff found 19,216, 32 percent, felt the Church has been an inspirational one to States. "As experiment is the surest proof of President should continue in office; 15,- people of all faiths, not only in Marcellus the natural effects of all speculations of this 607, 26 percent, felt he should resign; but throughout central New York, and I kind," he wrote, " ... it is strange, it is mar­ and 24,694, 42 percent felt he should be am proud to call their sesquicentennial velous to me, that any person of common impeached. observance to the attention of my es­ discernment, who has been acquainted with However, I feel it imperative that it be all the above-mentioned trials and effects, teemed colleagues. should entertain any idea of the expediency pointed out that many of the responses of trying any such methods again ... Trade, were couched in terms which made it if let alone, will ever make its own way be'St, unmistakably clear that the residents of and like an irresistible river, will ever run the 20th District are aware of the legal KICKING THE CORPORATIONS safest, do least mischief and do most good, procedures which must be followed in suffered to run without obstruction in its this matter. The one overriding message own natural channel." 19 contained in the accompanying com­ HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL FOOTNOTES ments was that the individual's opinion OF ILLINOIS 1 Weeden, William, Economic ana Social was based on the knowledge that no legal History of New England, 1620-1789, New evidence has yet been presented to the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES York, 1890, VOl. 1, p. 99. proper authorities who must decide this Wednesday, May 1, 1974 I Ibid. s Winthrop, John, The History of New Eng­ question. They urged me to base my de­ Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, I yield to land from 1630-1649, Boston, 1825, vol. 1, p. cision on this question on the evidence no one in this Congress in the extent of 116. presented; not public opinion polls based my commitment and support for the pri­ 'Weeden, Zoe. cit. on news media reports. I have given them vate enterprise system which has given II Ibid., p. 98. my assurance this will be the case. • Connecticut, Bureau of Labor Statistics, our country the highest standard of liv­ Mr. Speaker, I am proud of the people ing in the history of the world. That does Third Annual Report for the Year Ending I represent in the House. They do want November 30, 1887, Hartford, 1887, p. 225. not mean, however, that there are not be 7 Alvord, Clarence, The Illinois Country, to a part of their Government. They times when I get a little annoyed with 1673-1818, Springfield, Dl., 1920, pp. 106-08. are willing to share their opinions with the poor judgment which is exhibited 8 Bezanson, Anne, Prices and Inflation their elected officials. They do so, without from time to time by our friends in the During the American Revolution, Philadel­ hesitation, but they also have shown they phia, 1951, p. 35. form those opinions, to a great extent, private sector. 9 Bolles, Albert, The Financial History of In that regard, I noted an editorial in on sound reasoning and not on unfound­ current issue of the Farm Journal en­ the United States, New York, 1884, vol. 1, p. ed speculation. 160. titled "Kicking the Corporations" which 10 Connecticut, Public Records of the State, makes the point that some of the fire Hartford, 1894-1922, vol. 1, p. 62. that the corporations have drawn, they n Ibid., p. 366. have brought on themselves. The edito­ 12 Sumner, William Graham, The Financier 150 YEARS OF SERVICE ana the Finances of the American Revolu­ rial winds up with a series of suggestions tion, New York, 1891, vol. 1, p. 65. from the editors of the Farm Journal 13Jbict., p. 66. and I commend its message to my col­ u Harlow, Ralph, Economic Conditions in HON~ WILLIAM F. WALSH leagues. I insert the text of the editorial Massachusetts During the American Revolu­ OF NEW YORK in the RECORD at this point: tion, Cambridge, Mass .• 1918, p. 167. KICKING THE CORPORATIONS 16 Ibid. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 16 Ibid. Everybody-manufacturers, laibor unions. Wednesday, May 1, 1974 retailers and the government-gets blamed 11 Journals of the Continental Congress, New York,1908, vol. 21, p. 569. Mr. WALSH. Mr. Speaker, any ob­ when inflation rages as it does today. But "the big corporations" have drawn 11 Bezanson, op, cit., p. 86. servance of longevity is noteworthy, but extra fire this winter~ome of which theY' 19 Webster, Pelatiah, Political Essays, Phila­ it is especially significant when the cele­ delphia, 1791, pp. 65-66. brought on themselves. The oil companies bration marks a milestone in continuous set some kind of a. record for poor judgment religious service to a community. when they were quoted as boasting of 25% I am proud to represent in Congress to 50% increases in earnings the very month the village of Marcellus, N.Y., where 150 they raised gas and fuel oU prices 5¢ to 15¢ IMPEACHMENT POLL DRAWS years ago this year was founded St. a. gallon. John's Episcopal Church. A concerted attack against corporations HEAVY RESPONSE has been building for some time. Some farm The first meeting of the congregation, groups are so angry with the grain exporting in 1824, was held at the site of the first companies that they want the governmen.t HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS schoolhouse in what was then a tiny to handle all our overseas sales. The financial OF PENNSYLVANIA village. The first pastor was Rev. Augus­ difficulties of Penn Central and other rail­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tus L. Converse. In 1881, St. John's roads have left some people believing that erected the church which has since been private enterprise no longer can handle big Wednesday, May 1, 1974 the congregation's permanent home, at basic industries. Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, during Irving Kristol, a poUtical scientist at New Orange and Maple Streets. York University, writes: "When hostility to the past year, numerous individuals and For the past several months, under big business goes beyond a certain limit, private groups have taken polls or sur­ the leadership of the present rector of there seems no alternative to some form of veys in an effort to determine public St. John's, my longtime friend, Rev. M. nationalization." And sure enough, Sen. opinion on the highly controversial and Dennis Lee, and an outstanding citizen's Adlai Stevenson (D., Dl.) has proposed set­ delicate question of the possible im­ committee, the congregation has been ob­ ting up a half-blllion-dollar federal corpora­ peachment of the President. serving their sesquicentennial with a tion to bring "more competttton into the oil business." In an effort to compare the feelings of series of special events which culminate Corporations usually can defend them­ residents within the 20th Congressional on May 4 and May 5. selves. But this winter they have been either District of Pennsylvania with those ex­ On May 4, a national recognition din­ silent or ineffective--possibly because they pressed elsewhere in the Nation, I re­ ner will be held, and sesquicentennial feel trapped between_ the devil and the deep. centy conducted my own poll. The results services are to be conducted at the Right now they need enormous amounts o! have just been tabulated and I was most church the following morning. The Right capital to build new plants and catch up with impressed with the response. Reverend John E. Hines, presiding demand. So they raise their prices and try Nearly 60,000 answers were received bishop of the Episcopal Church of the to earn more. If they succeed, they want to brag about their earnings to prospective in­ and many of them were accompanied by United States, and the Right Reverend vestors, who are scattered out there among· a note or letter expanding on the indi­ Ned Cole, Jr.. bishop of the Episcopal the very people seething about the higher vidual's views. Generally speaking, it ap- Diocese of Central New York, will join prices. 12742 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 1;·. 1974 As with everyone else, their problem is in­ dedicated to the destruction of liberty of wellwishers, being teased to crinkly eyed­ flation. Forbes Magazine reports that if you and representative government. laughter about a raid along motel :road in : correct 1973 interest and dividends for the Sunday Isles Friday night in which police inflation we suffered, on the average every As chairman of the Veterans Affairs' made a record number of prostitution arrests. major type of investment lost money last Committee I am especially mindful and Clifton, 50, a World War II Navy veteran year. Corporations try to retain enough earn­ appreciative of our veterans and veter­ worked in construction and hotel manage­ ings to pay at least part of the cost of new ans organizations' support for continua­ ment before he joined the Public Safety plants. But the Wall Street Journal reports tion of the House Internal Security Department in 1954 and became a member that when you correct for inflation, retained Committee. Mr. Speaker, I commend our of the department's first police academy earnings in 1973 were only about a tenth of veterans for this action. On this May training class. what they were in 1965. Day 1974 I urge all Americans who be­ "Whitey was always the hardest working The average person doesn't know this. one of us," Sgt. Robert Duncan, another Neither do they understand corporate lan­ lieve in freedom and national security member of Training Class One, recalled guage. So misunderstanding and distrust to join them. Saturday. are the real corporate problems. In 1959, Clifton was named sergeant and Before public sentiment sweeps us further organized and supervised the first rescue in the direction of nationalization. Farm squad for the department. Journal urges a thorough review of laws FRANK (WHITEY) CLIFTON He became a captain and commander of regulating corporations. We suggest these the 170 square mile North District, which areas as worthy of investigation. stretches from the Broward County Line to 1. Requiring corporations to follow uni­ 95th Street between the ocean and the Col­ form accounting procedures. For instance, HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN lier County Line. inventories of raw materials and manufac­ OF FLORIDA The North Dade Chamber of Commerce, tured products are part of a company's as­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which sponsored the dinner and has the sets. Some companies value these at their Wednesday, May 1, 1974 same boundaries except that it only reaches current replacement cost. Others, to increase south to 119th Street, gave Clifton a plaque apparent profits, value them at their original Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, a friend for his dedication. cost. The average investor can't compare of the citizens of the 13th Congressional So did the Greater Miami Beach Motel As­ earnings of two such companies. District of Florida was recently honored sociation and the Fraternal Order of Police 2. Require companies to follow uniform and the Kiwanis. There was a proclamation and simplified methods of reporting their for an outstanding record of public ser­ from Metro Mayor Jack Orr and there would earnings. Recently we overheard a college vice. have been a certificate from the city of Surf­ student rail against an oil company that Captain Frank "Whitey" Clifton of side "but the one they were going to give him had just reported "a profit of 45%." "Wait a the Metropolitan Public Safety D.epart­ just didn't look as fine as it should for some­ minute," we said. "That wasn't a 45% profit, ment's North Dade District was the guest one like him so we have to get another but a 45 % increase over last year's profits. of honor at a testimonial dinner at the ready," a Surfside councilman said. So if dividends amounted to 2% last year, Deauville Hotel. Clifton, father of three including Central they'd be only 3% this year." "Well why District officer Mike Clifton, has "stacks of don't they say so?" she shot back. "Whitey" became the commander of certificates at home," his wife, Edith said. 3. Find a better means of compensating the North District in 1968. In the last Is there one which ·made him proudest? corporate officers. The widespread use of 6 years, his attitude and devotion to duty "Yes, winning the PBA Golf Tournament," stock options and bonuses for showing im­ have helped build a community pride in Clifton said, blue eyes winking. mediate profits almost guarantees that many its police force. officers will have a conflict of interest with I insert the following list of those their long-term investors. There's too much honoring Captain Clifton be included in temptation to go for short-term gain at the the RECORD along with this article from neglect of long-term growth, which may BLUE COLLAR BLUES-JOB OR explain some current shortages. the Miami Herald about the dinner. EMOTIONAL ALIENATION Unless we move to restore confidence in RECOGNrriON OF SERVICE OF CAPTAIN FRANK. our free-enterprise system, we risk losing CLIFTON it. And government-operated enterprises are At testimonial dinner Saturday, February HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI never as efficient nor as responsive to the 16, 1974, sponsored by the North Dade Cham­ OF ILLINOIS public. As Professor Kristol points out: "Once ber of Commerce. established, a government-operated enter­ Memorandum of recognition from The IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES prise and its motives appear beyond re­ White House. Wednesday, May 1, 1974 proach." Letter of appreciation from Gov. Reubin Askew. Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, at a Letter of appreciation from State Senator time when this Nation is braving its Robert Graham~ major labor disputes in key industries INTERNAL SECURITY COMMITTEE Proclamation of recognition and apprecia­ with issues such as wage increases, it is tion by the Dade County Commission. timely for us to consider the subject of Certificate of appreciation from the City attitudes of employees toward their HON. WM. JENNINGS BRYAN DORN of North Miami Beach. assignments. OF SOUTH CAROLINA Plaque presented by The Fraternal Order of Police. A column by John D. Lofton, Jr. in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Plaque presented by The Greater Miami March 16 Sentinel Star of Orlando, Fla., Wednesday, May 1, 1974 Beach Motel Association. devotes itself to the subject of "Blue Plaque presented by The North Dade Ki­ Collar Blues." Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, the House. wanis Club. This is a very penetrating and I Internal Security Committee, under the Plaque presented by The North Dade emphasize timely commentary which I dynamic leadership of Chairman RICH­ Chamber of Commerce. believe is too often a subject that is mis­ ARD !CHORD, has been an unsurpassed understood and not given sufficient positive force in protecting our demo­ SAFETY OFFICIAL Is HONORED BY N. DADE judgment. cratic, free society against subversive CHAMBER (By Cathy Grossman) The article follows: elements. The committee should be BLUE COLLAR BLUES-JOB OR EMOTIONAL continued; its proper jurisdiction over Frank (Whitey) Clifton, commander of ALIENATION the Public Safety Department's North Dade internal security matters should be con­ District, was honored by North Dade mer­ (By John D. Lofton, Jr.) firmed again by the House. Especially chants, motel owners and fellow policemen WASHINGTON.-Remember the "Blue Collar on this May Day 1974, Mr. Speaker, we Saturday "for those intangible qualities that Blues?" The idea that we had to drastically urge the House to authorize a continued make a fine officer." change our society and economy because the mandate for the vital and essential "I'm glad to see the community recogniz­ capitalistic system was alienating, frustrat­ congressional committee. In some coun­ ing a man for these intangible qualities­ ing and dehumanizing the American work­ tries the first day of May is traditionally good relations with the community and a ing man? marked by goose-stepping and glorifi­ special ability to mold good new young men," The BOB soared to the top of the charts Public Safety Director E. Wilson Purdy said. in late 1972 and remained there through cation of the all-powerful state. Individ­ Purdy was among the 225 North Dade resi­ early 1973. Everybody was singing it, hum­ ual freedom and liberty is discounted. dents gathered at a testimonial dinner at the ming it, or talking about it. Television net­ Mr. Speaker, these gigantic ceremonies Deauville Hotel to commend Clifton for his works ran specials about the subject; news­ should be a constant reminder of ele­ service as "police chief of our community." casts reported on it; Time magazine did an ments at home as well as abroad that are Clifton circulated around the room full entire essay on the topic; and the Depart- May 1, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12743 ment of ·Health, Education, and Welfare put tua.lly without psychological effect on the thanksgiving for the strength of our own out a report on it. worker as these data suggest." Constitution and for the latent great­ Now comes a field survey of automobtle Good point. Charlie? Time? HEW? Any­ ness of the Polish Constitution. workers engaged in production line work­ body? As history is bound to repeat itself we wrJ.tten about in the February issue of can have confidence in a future where Archives of General Psychiatry-which re­ Poland will once again be free and liv­ veals no more evidence of unrelatedness, ANNIVERSARY OF THE POLISH loneliness, boredom, life dissatisfaction, work ing under her beloved Constitution. To dissatisfaction, or depression than among CONSTITUTION, MAY 3 achieve that goal is the vital part of our their spouses. Where these phenomena do destiny-fulfillment of our longtime occur, the article says, they are usually a pledge to hasten the dawn of new and part of a broader pattern of emotional Ulness HON. JOHN J. ROONEY complete independence for the people of characteristic of diagnosed patients drawn OF NEW YORK Poland. To this end we must rededicate from the same population. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Conducted by three doctors from Rutgers our e:fforts. Only in helping Poland's mil­ Medical School, the survey compared and Wednesday, May 1, 1974 lions attain freedom can we be deserving contrasted the feelings of two groups of of the rights and privileges which are United Automobile Workers of America mem­ Mr. ROONEY of New York. Mr. ours to enjoy under our own Constitu­ bers employed at a General Motors plant in Speaker, in these days when constant at­ tion. Only when every Pole has full pro­ the Baltimore, Md., area. tempts are being made to chisel away at tection can we fully enjoy our own inde­ The groups were UAW e,mployees diagnosed our personal rights-when daily we find pendence. Meantime, greetings to all arid as "mentally Ul" by the Department of Psy­ ourselves having to defend our rights as best wishes to all Polish people here and chiatry of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, and free men and women, we take great sat­ abroad on this important date in their UAW employees found to be "well." Both isfaction in being able to stand fast under groups were employed in the same industrial lives. plants, ttlembers of the same social class, th~ protection of our own great Consti­ lived in the same residential areas, and did tution. It is this hallowed document not differ substantially in annual family which safeguards us against those who HIGH COST OF OSHA income or other demographic features. would limit our freedom or impose un­ Of all the workers, 95 per cent reported warranted burdens upon us. themselves as SB~tisfied with their jobs, 71 per The Constitution of the United States HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK cent reported no part of their work as td.ring stands as a mighty fortress against those OF OHIO or upsetting. Loneliness and life dissatisfac­ in and out of public office who would IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion were found to be uncommon in the withhold our precious rights or who worker population, except among emotionally Wednesday, May 1, 1974 distUTbed workers. would impose mandatory adherence to The prevalence of these alleged symptoms controls which are not in keeping with Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, in of repetitive produotionline work was low the determination of our forebears who April of 1971, the Occupational Safety for the UA W gene·ral population. Satisf·action so wisely produced and adopted our and Health Act, commonly known as levels were high compared to studies of other Constitution. OSHA, went into e:ffect. The result has populations. Mr. Sp~aker, let us all bear in mind been a disaster for the businessman, the To ethnocentric egomaniacs such as that our magnificent manifesto has had employee, and the consumer. Charles Reich, author of "The Greening of America" who has said that no independent tremendous influence on the people of The supposed justification for this act person with a strongly developed aesthetic other nations as well as America. This is is to create a safer working environment sense could be happy in a factory job, the particularly true with respect to the for employees. This is certainly a worthy doctors issue a warning: people of Poland who 183 years ago this goal. Work-related injuries should be re­ "To impute boredom, alienation, anomie, Friday adopted their own constitution duced and health hazards eliminated or the seeds of mental illness to another which was patterned to a large degree whenever possible. man's work or existence is a hazardous thing. upon our own American Constitution. In Federal regulation through OSHA, To some blue collar workers, the social sci­ view of our close kinship with the Polish however, is undoubtedly one of the worst entist's preoccupation with books, dry arti­ people and because of the great similarity As cles, tables of statistics, and obsessive aca­ ways of achieving that result. many demic discourse must seem more boring, of our two Constitutions we can truly businessmen will attest, the act has more alienating, more fraught with anomie, join enthusiastically with all our Polish meant unnecessary harassment of em­ than his own existence. That worker might friends here and abroad in celebrating players and substantial increases in the provide excellent evidence that the lonely, Polish Constitution Day. cost of doing business. A survey released dissatisfied social scientist has a much higher It is unfortunate indeed that the by McGraw-Hill publications estimates rate of surveyed mental lllness, psychiatric people in Poland today find it difficult if that OSHA cost business $2.5 billion in utilizations, and suicides than any UAW not impossible to celebrate this historical 1972 and $3.1 billion in 1973. population. Noting that two months after their survey event because of the shackles imposed The small businessman and the con­ was completed the UAW local went on str1ke upon them by their Communist puppet sumer are the ones who usually su:ffer to settle issues related to job security, the leaders. most from these increased costs. The doctors also warn against equating job satis­ These shackles of serfdom represent employee, however, can also be an un­ faction with smug acceptance of life as it is: the evils which the Polish Constitution willing victim of OSHA. If a business "Our ethnocentrism should not blind us to sought to guard against. So it is that the closes because it is unable to meet higher the effective coping pa!tterns of those work­ observance of this day will not be one costs resulting from OSHA regulations, ers. Living in stable neighborhoods they have of jubilation and rejoicing as was true it is the employee who suffers. effectively seized control over theh' own des­ during Poland's first, but all too brief, tiny and security through a powerful yet The specter of business closure is more highly democratic union. taste of freedom. But with flame of than a hypothetical possibility. Hun­ "The job is not the center of their lives, eternal hope burning in the heart of dreds of small businesses have already or its source of meaning, but a means toward every Pole for a return of his sovereign been forced out of business by heavy enjoyment of other pursuits and security. independence and his personal freedom fines and impossible demands. ThiS is what tlhe strike was about. It cer­ we can join our friends in observing May Ironically, many of the demands made tainly was not a vague, unfocused rebellion 3 with great sympathy and understand­ by OSHA officials hardly seem neces­ against alienating work. The Marxian image ing. We can use this occasion to recall sary. As one employee stated after losing of the powerless, alienated worker may de­ the many instances when the coura­ his job when the company was unable scribe these union members less than our­ geous people of Poland have. risen up selves!" to afford changes ordered under the act: ObServing that their findings are a tribute against their slave masters and have After all, is it better to have a job where to the worker's emotional tlexibility and fought valiantly for their freedom. we there are some minor risks of injury-or no adaptabillty, not the delights of assembly line can recall with sadness the nwnerous job at all? Even though my employer would have been required to make substantial work. the article concludes: times when Polish valor has been over­ come by military might and any free­ modifications in our facilities to meet the "In any case, even 1! subsequent work standards, we never had an on-the-job in­ were to demons'trate clearly the 'alienation' dom gained has once more been lost. jury in all the time I worked there. of the worker from his job, in the sociolog-ic This day then becomes one of sober rec­ sense one would have to wonder about the ollection-a day with too little joy and Farmers also are being subjected to meaningfUlness of the concept if it is vir- too much sorrow. It becomes a day of more and more OSHA regulations. Regu- 12744 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 1, 1971,. lations are being promulgated which will Commission a series of applications fiammable LNG-the fire struck at a time affect a small family farm as well as the which request permission to, among when the tank was empty and undergoing larger ones. Tractors and most other other things, ship and store Algerian repairs-the congressional investigation has types of farm machinery are covered bY liquefied natural gas to Staten Island, pinpointed defects that demand correction. new standards which many farmers be­ N.Y., and construct a pipeline under the lieve will be difficult and costly to meet. Arthur Kill waterway situated between Even comprehending what is expected Staten Island and Woodbridge, N.J. I THE CASE FOR A FEDERAL OIL AND under the act is a difficult task. Farmers have openly opposed this project, princi­ GAS CORPORATION-NO. 25 and businessmen are presented with a pally on the grounds of safety. bewildering array of detailed regula­ In the full Appropriations Committee tions. Understandably they are at a loss last Thursday morning, we voted over HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON to know which ones apply to them. Their $2 billion to help solve the energy crisis OF MASSACHUSETTS first realization of a violation may well through research and development of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES be when a Federal inspector fines them alternative sources of energy. I asked for noncompliance. the chairman whether there is any tes­ Wednesday, May 1, 1974 In 1970 when OSHA was reported from timony concerning the transportation of Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, I the House Committee on Education and LNG through the Raritan Bay. I have wish to insert into the RECORD an edi­ Labor of which I am a member, I and a tried to get some answers from indus­ torial which appeared in the Economist few of my colleagues raised serious ques­ try, from the FPC and the Department on March 24 concerning the Federal Oil tions as to the effects of OSHA. At that of Transportation's Office of Pipeline and Gas Corporation. The article elo­ time we stated, Safety as to safety precautions with no quently demonstrates the danger of al­ Poor safety laws can and have done more satisfaction. lowing the major oil companies to harm than good. Mistakes we make now wlll The fact is that over 200 LNG storage monopolize our Nation's energy resources have a serious impact on workers and on the tanks are in operation or under con­ and endorses the Corporation as a neces­ state of our economy. We must also recognize struction in the United States, and yet sary competitive spur to the petroleum that this legislation wlll affect nearly every industry. In so doing the Economist aspect of the employment relationship. I am not satisfied that the safety con­ siderations regarding the transporta­ clearly underscores the need for a public This warning has proven all too accu­ tion of LNG through our waterways has oil company, and I would like to direct rate. As I have previously stated, the been properly and completely explored. my colleagues' attention to the article at Occupational Safety and Health Admin­ I must conclude that the administration this time. The text follows: istration is promulgating standards that is trying to protect the industry. I want TVA FOR OIL? cover the small businessman the same as the Members of Congress to read an edi­ Already some of the hastily assembled the large corporation. Small businessmen torial from the News Tribune of Wood­ energy legislation of last year is beginning are being required to spend much time bridge, N.J., regarding the recent inves­ to backfire. Congress included in the Emer­ filling out forms to meet standards which tigation and study of the February 1973 gency Petroleum Allocation Act a provision are vague at best. Furthermore, farmers which requires all refiners to share equally explosion of an empty LNG tank. The all supplies of domestic and foreign crude are also covered by OSHA regulation-be findings of the committee are shock­ oil. The idea was partly to spread the crude they running small family farms or large ing and deserve to be answered. around the country, partly to keep the small corporate enterprises. The regulations The editorial follows: independent refiners in business. But of the make no distinctions. Previously I have LNG TANK SAFETY companies rich in crude supplies-Mobil, asked the Secretary of Labor, In February, 1973, a fire broke out in a Shell, Amerada-Hess, Gulf-some have Is the Occupational Safety and Health huge empty liqui:fied natural gas (LNG) balked at having to sell to their competitors Administration going to be sending snoopers at what they consider to be inadequate prices, storage tank on Staten Island. Forty work­ and they have been diverting their foreign to every farm in the country to check on men were killed. tractors, mowing machines and other farm supplies of crude to Europe and Japan !or The tmgedy, which focused. attention on better prices. Gulf Corporation, whlch has equipment? LNG storage tanks as never before, prompted been ordered sell 11.6 mllllon barrels by a congressional investigation. Last week, in­ to Unfortunately, that possibility exists. May 1st, is in fact suing the Fed.era.l Energy vestigators for Congress reported back that OSHA has had some successes. It has Office for what it claims amounts to "unlaw­ federal safety regulation of LNG tanks is ful taking of private property". And the created more work for Government om­ plagued. by "duplication of effort, fragmenta­ cials and more redtape for small busi­ Federal Energy Administrator, Mr. William tion of responsibility, and inefficient admin­ Simon, has since asked Congress to think nessmen and farmers. Quoting again mi­ istration." again and substitute something more nority views on the original OSHA leg­ The investigators said the Federal Power fiexlble. islation, Commission (FPC) and the Federal Depart­ The survival of the independent oil refin­ But to those who cherish constitutional ment of Transportation's Office of Pipeline ers, as a spur to competition, is also very due process-to those who know from long Safety (OPS) both "are doing the same job, much a concern of the Federal Trade Com­ experience that job-safety and health pro­ and neither of them is doing it well." mission. As a follow-up to the anti-trust grams developed in an uncoerced, cooperative The investigators found out that the OPS complaint that it made last summer against context hold the best hope for continued had never inspected the giant Staten Island eight of the country's largest oil companies, progress-and to those who believe that tank before the day of the tragic fire. it has just issued a staff report urging that American working men and women deserve As for the FPC's investigation of the fire, these companies be forced to sell 40-60 per more than an unworkable l~islative decep­ the congressional subcommittee that made cent of their refining capacity to some 10 to tion-the Committee's action in approving the investigation called the FPC probe "reg­ 13 new firms, specially formed for the pur­ H.R. 16785 is a tragedy . . . ulatory window d·ressing . . . a campaign to pose. inflate the FPC's role in safety and enhance As a helping hand, these new companies I had serious doubts about the OSHA its visibility" before the public. should acquire some of the pipelines owned bill and voted against its adoption when The congressional team also said subse­ by the oil majors. The FTC report also asks it came up for final passage in the House. quent FPC efforts at safety regulations "ap­ for a ban on any further acquisition of re­ Events since that time have confirmed pear more cosmetic than substantive." fineries by the eight companies. By way o! my doubts. Passage of OSHA was a mis­ It was urged that the FPC leave responsi­ justification, the study details the interlock­ bility for LNG storage tank safety to the ing nature of the big oil companies which, take-a mistake that Congress should OP8--but the OPS was found to be "pitifully it says, discourages competition. For ex­ move to correct. understaffed" and in need of more federal ample, the Chase Manhattan Bank is both operating funds. the largest shareholder in Atlantic Richfield These are all immediate and serious prob­ and the second largest shareholder in Mobil. LNG SAFETY LACKING lems. The ties between banks and the eight on As the congressional investigation pointed companies are so strong that competitors HON. EDWARD J. PATTEN out, "more than 200 LNG storage tanks are find it extremely hard to get financing. But in operation or under construction in the the FTC complaint is certain to end up in OF NEW JERSEY United States and more are contemplated." the courts and a resolution of the matter IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES How many of these have not been, and may will take years. Wed1ftesday, May 1, 1974 never be, inspected? Of more immediate solace to the inde­ Although the Staten Island disaster bore pendent oil producers and refiners is a con­ Mr. PATTEN. Mr. Speaker, there is little relation to the safety problems nor­ sumer energy b111 being prepared in the Sen­ currently before the Federal Power mally associated With the storage of highly ate Commerce Committee. It provides a wide May 1, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12745 variety of incentives, including freedom from MBFR: Last fall talks began in Vienna aim­ units of government have received controls, for the small oil producers whose ing at reductions in the level of m111tary $281,468,236. number has declined from 40,000 in 1954 to forces now stationed in Central Europe, an On April 29 I received a letter from 10,000 last year. But the b1ll's most startling area of major confrontation between East and feature is an amendment by Senator Adlai West. These talks aim at a reduction of the Mr. Tom Polansky, county administrator Stevenson which would set up a Federal Oil armies of the U.S., the Soviet Union, and East for Renville County, in my congressional and Gas Corporation, on the llnes of the and West European countries, without di­ district. Mr. Polansky's letter, writing for Tennessee Valley Authority, created in the minishing the security of either side. The U.S. the five county commissioners, provides 1930s. Funded by $500 m in appropriations contends that the present numerical dispar­ a detailed description of how revenue over 10 years, the corporation would explore ity between Eastern and Western forces sharing funds were used within the new oil sources, principally at home on fed­ should be rectified, and the Soviet Union county. eral lands, and it could engage in "down wants to maintain the current balance of stream" functions such as refining and mar­ forces in its favor with proportional force Renville County has made good use of keting 1f that served to stimulate competi­ reductions. the moneys they have received through tion. Freed from the both of raising capital, Non-Proliferation Treaty: 100 nations have Public Law 92-512. I am sure thousands providing a return on capital or paying fed­ signed this 1968 treaty to halt the prolifera­ of other local units of government have eral taxes, it would be a formidable competi­ tion of modern weapons, and no country has shown similar wise fiscal management of tor. And as such the idea is running into joined the "nuclear club" since 1964. This revenue sharing funds. The Renville let­ st11f opposition from the established oil month 25 nations gathered in Geneva to ter that follows details one excellent ex­ companies which argue that such an opera­ begin a review of the treaty. ample. tion could not expand oil supplies in the Nuclear Test Ban: The Limited Test Ban short run and would siphon o:lf valuable Treaty of 1963 bans nuclear tests under The letter follows: manpower from private companies. In pre­ water, in the atmosphere, and in outer space. COUNTY OF RENVILLE, vious years the oil companies would only A comprehensive test ban treaty on all nu­ Olivia, Minn., April 23, 1974. ha:ve had to raise the slogan of "creeping na­ clear tests (underground testing is still oc­ Hon. JoHN M. ZWACH, tiona.lisation" to beat a. proposal such as curring) has yet to be achieved, with the House of Representatives, Senator Stevenson's into the ground. But major obstacle being adequate verification. Washington, D.O. public mistrust of the oil industry's recent Since 1963 the U.S. has insisted upon on-site HoN. JoHN M. ZWACH: Of all programs, behaviour no longer makes that assumption inspection by non-nationals of the country Federal, State or private trust, designed to so certain. being inspected, while the Soviet Union has give help to grass root, rural financial prob­ maintained that national means of detection lems, none have approached the accomplish­ are sufficient for monitoring a comprehensive ments of your Revenue Sharing Program. DISARMAMENT agreement. A promising approach to the reso­ Programs have distributed many dollars, lution of this issue lies in the improved tech­ but mostly at a dollar level above the grasp nological capab1lity to detect and identify of the small county, village or township. The HON. LEE H. HAMILTON nuclear explosions. The U.S. has already ex­ problems of the smaller communities, mostly rural, and generally subject to property tax OF INDIANA pended $275 million to improve its capabil­ ity in this area. levies, were financially wanting, while finan­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Others: Nuclear free zones have been cial assistance was readily available in big Wednesday, May 1, 1974 established in Antarctica and Latin Amer­ outlays for the centers of population or big ica, and other nuclear free zones have been recreational projects. Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, under proposed. President Nixon has announced We have received $948,867, to date, of the leave to extend my remarks in the REc­ that the U.S. will never be the first to use $1,047,826 projected for Renville County un­ ORD, I include my Washington Report en­ lethal or incapacitating chemical weapons, der Revenue Sharing for the Entitlement titled "Disarmament": and will never use biological weapons. Dis­ Periods ending July 1, 1974. DISARMAMENT cussions are underway to limit further chem­ We have allocated, from the total moneys ical and biological weapons. In the U.N. and received, $383,432 toward hospital facility One of the more depressing facts of life improvement. We have matched this money is the amount of money the world spends for other forums a broad range of disarmament issues are being considered in an atmosphere with County funds and are proceeding to let armaments. In 1961 total mllitary expendi­ contracts for the construction of a thirty­ tures were $150 billion. At present rates of free of exaggerated rhetoric and external pressures, and with an improving under­ five bed hospital annex to replace old hospi­ increase, by 1980 such expenditures could tal rooms with improved, modern rooms com­ reach $300-$350 blllion (again, a.t 19TO standing of the extraordinarily complex technical issues involved in arms control. plete with running water, toilet and bath prices). Military expenditures are now 2¥:! facilities; a total estimated cost of $800,000. times greater than the amount all govern­ Obviously, progress on arms control has not been rapid. Mutual distrust and divi­ We have allotted $100,000 and dedicated ments spend on health, and 1 ~ times more sions are deep-seated in the world, and a long such funds under Social Services, to relo­ than they spend on education. U.N. Secre­ cate the Renville County Social Services De­ tary-General Waldheim listed the impera­ process of negotiations and compromise lies ahead. But the responsibility of governments partment in rooms available in the old hos­ tive need for substantial disarmament as one pital units. of the six great crises in the world. to move ahead and to build on the base of agreements already achieved is apparent. The We have dedicated $30,000 to the Renville It is no wonder, then, that governments County Public Health Nurses' Department to continue to explore the problem of arms con­ quest for arms control is justified, not alone by the cost savings, but because limitations be located in the same area as the Social trol and disarmament. As the figures make Services and have further allocated $100,000 clear, it is easy to be discouraged about the on arms can assure stability and security bet­ ter than the highest level of armaments. to improve, update and relocate the lab, prospects for arms control. Although little X-Ray, food service and the delivery and op­ evidence exists that the arms race has slack­ erating fac111ties in the Renville County Hos­ ened, there are some reasons to be encour­ pital. aged by events of recent years. A mutuality The pendulum of Renvme County's popu­ of interest exists in the resources saved and LOCAL REACTION TO REVENUE lation swings more and more to the Medi­ the security gained. Both sides recognize that SHARING care age. These health and social service continuation of the arms race is unlikely to benefits are geared to programs and services increase the security of either side and may for the elderly. well decrease it. And earller arms control HON·. JOHN M. ZWACH We have spent, or have let contracts, for agreements have established a. basis of con­ OF MINNESOTA the expenditure of $213,696 of Renv1lle fidence for larger agreements. A decade ago IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES County funds to acquire land rights, build there was only rhetoric about arms control; and black top roads, not under a Federal or today there are agreements concluded and Wednesday, May 1, 1974 State system, in need of improvement as an negotiations underway. aid to industry and a.s a link ·between exist­ SALT: Marking a fundamental change in Mr. ZWACH. Mr. Speaker, just yester­ ing improved roads. To do this necessary international relationships in 1972, the U.S. day the Office of Revenue Sharing an­ work with County financing would have concluded a.n agreement with the Soviet nounced that approximately $6.2 billion caused a property tax increase. Union to limit each side to defensive sys­ in 1975 funds will be paid out between We have spent $40,000 of Renv1lle County tems and an interim 5-year accord on limit­ October 1974 and July 1975. funds to update and modernize the County ing land-based and sea-launched offensive To date, $12.740 billion has been paid financial system and $17,129 to insure public missiles. A comprehensive agreement to limit to State, county, and local governments. safety by the installf!,tion of road warning strategic arms 1s not expected this year, but The 5-year law authorizes the Secretary signals and the shouldering of county roads. a more limited curb is certainly possible. The County waste disposal program is fi­ Significantly, the two superpowers have an­ of the Treasury to distribute $30.2 bil­ nanced under Revenue Sharing. We spent nounced their intention of reaching a per­ lion to all general-purpose units of gov­ $45,000 of our Revenue Sharing funds over manent agreement on more complete meas­ ernments. the period 1972-1974 on ecology 1n Renville ures on the limitation of arms. In my home State of Minnesota, our County. 12746 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 1, 1974 Renvllle County has developed and is con­ sarily dragged on the Korean War, and the self on further rousing the freedom- and jus­ tinuing a park and recreational program. Paris Peace Talks to put an end to the Viet­ tice-loving people to a .concerted crusade for We, now, boast five County parks with 2,000 nam conflict that continues up t111 today. an endurable peace for all of mankind. His­ acres of natural forested wonderland. We All these are examples of the Communist use tory is now about to witness great changes as have built sheltered areas, comfort stations, of alternative peace talks and battle-field the surging anti-Communist situation is tak­ trails and roads and continue to improve maneuvers. Because of this strategem, the ing a new shape. At this crucial moment, these fac111ties and maintain the parks using entire Chinese mainland fell into Communist WACL leadership is ever more urgently im­ Revenue Sharing, County and donated funds. hands, Korea and Vietnam are st111 divided, portant. For this reason, we must now move The park system has drawn $46,390 from war in Indochina continues to spread, and as follows: Revenue Sharing. the whole Asian scene is agonizingly punc­ First of all, we must establish the princi­ We, the Commissioners of Renville County, tuated by confusion and turmoil. ple of freedom with justice. Since anti-Com­ feel that we have done a commendr.ble job We need peace based on freedom, but nego­ munism calls for consistent effort in a do­ with the use of County funds. We have de­ tiations with the Communists have sacrificed main involving both ideology and action, we veloped projects sorely needed, but held off the freedom of over one b1llion people and must, if we are to achieve an anti-Com­ because of the property tax crisis. We feel have created a half enslaved world, with the munist victory, launch a full-scale spiritual that we have used Revenue Sharing funds other half constantly subjected to serious mob111zation of all the free people for the in programs and services for the elderly, in threats. enunciation and application of a common the fields of ecology and recreation and in We need peace based on justice, but talks principle for the promotion of justice and the economic development of Renville with the Communists have made the free safeguard of freedom and human dignity. County and have in all cases caused no dis­ nations disregard justice and effect with­ With this end in view, we firmly advocate the service to Renvllle County taxpayers. drawal and retreat. As a result, Communist the following: We, the County Board of Renville County, aggression is acknowledged as an accom­ The depotism of the Communist hierarchy unanimously approve Revenue Sharing and plished fact. The freedom camp has turned and the Communist system of enslavement ask your support in the continuity of the weaker; and the Communists, under the pro­ must be forever eliminated from the history program. tective umbrella of peace talks, have kept of man. COUNTY BOARD OF RENVn.LE CoUNTY. on enhancing their strength for aggression. The Iron Curtain that confines people in We need peace based on honor, but the servitude and prevents free exchange of vis­ many conference sessions involving the Com­ its should be torn asunder. munists have turned meaningless all the The results of Communist aggression ADDRESS OF DR. KU CHENG-KANG strenuous efforts exerted by free nations in should under no circumstance be recog­ BEFORE THE WORLD ANTI-COM­ the last three decades for the containment nized as accomplished facts. MUNIST LEAGUE SEVENTH CON­ of expansionist Communism. All the blood­ Freedom is indivisible and can never co­ shed on the Chinese mainland, the Korean exist with slavery. FERENCE peninsula and Indochina has become mean­ Full support should go to the enslaved ingless humiliation and sacrifice in vain. people's struggle for freedom from fear and . HON. MARIO BIAGGI We need lasting peace, but by inviting the oppression. Communists to the conference table, we gain The Communist plot to corrupt and poison OF NEW YORK only a moment's breathing spell. Not even a the free world with narcotics and other IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES momentary ceasefire is achievable. The con­ means should be completely foiled. Wednesday, May 1, 1974 tinuous fighting in Indochina cruelly negates Peace should be sought only under the the effectiveness of any ceasefire accord with conditions of national independence, racial Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, on April 8, the Communists. equality and freedom of the people. 1974, Dr. Ku Cheng-kang, honorary We need effective peace, but peace talks Differences and disputes among the free chairman of the World Anti-Communist have given the Communists enough time to nations should be effectively talked over and League addressed the opening ceremony develop missiles and nuclear warheads for settled. Individual needs of the states should better preparedness to bring on a holocaust. be accommodated for the good of the whole. of the Seventh WACL Conference held in Through global naval expansion and devel­ All the freedom-loving people, irrespec­ Washington, D.C. BY means of back­ opment of strategic weapons, Soviet Russia is tive of race, nationality, region, creed and ground the World Anti-Communist posing a serious threat to peace. The Chinese profession, should promote unity and coop­ League in its brief 7-year existence has Communists have not yet fully grown their eration in good faith and strive together to grown to become a major international nuclear tooth, but they are already being the very end for winning the freedom based voice in the struggle for preservation and treated by the United States as a potential on justice. promotion of freedom and peace in the initiator of nuclear warfare. Philosophical thoughts and cultural pat­ world. We need collective peace, but the Commu­ terns of the East and the West should be nist peace talk offensive has made the free amalgamated through adequate interfiow and As the United States enters into the world's collective security system shaky and mutual enhancement, combining the Western Strategic Arms Limitation Talks with the the entire freedom camp verges on disinte­ humanism with its concepts of freedom, Soviet Union, and as we continue to gration and collapse. Such talks have pro­ equality and fraternity with the Eastern make agreements with both Communist duced in free nations a wishful thinking humanism-loyalty, filial piety, fraternity, powers, perhaps we should reflect on the that peaceful coexistence with the Commu­ faithfulness, propriety and peace. words of Dr. Cheng-Kang, for they bear nists may come about. This amounts to spir­ We must adopt superlative global strate­ itual self-disarmament, thereby providing gies for safeguarding peace. For peace to be a special relevance to these times. He the Communists with further golden oppor­ adds his voice to the growing crescendo secure, fre~ nations must be able to preserve tunities to divide and conquer. their own security and to take efl'ectlve which is imploring the Vnited States to All these factual results of negotiations counter-measures against aggressors. Politi­ exercise both prudence and caution in with the Communists are enough for us to cally, free nations must be strong enough all future dealings with Communist pow­ arrive at the conclusion that talks with the to foil the Communist united front schemes ers. He who throws caution to the wind Reds, instead of bringing about the kind of and institute a stable order on the solid is bound to be swept up by those same peace we pursue, only inflict irreparable foundation of a democratic society. In the winds eventually. damage to the freedom and security of the economic fielp, our moves must be for mu­ At this point in the RECORD, it is my free world. tual benefit and common prosperity so that Ladies and gentlemen, for this WACL Con­ gaps between the poor and the rich can be distinct honor and privilege to insert ference, we have advanced "Peace Is ... some excerpts from this timely and im­ narrowed down and overall growth rates are Freedom and Justice for All" as our guideline heightened through all-out development. Our portant address: of determined endeavor. In so doing, we have global military, political and economic strat­ EXCERPTS OF DR. CHENG·KANG'S ADDRESS pointed out to all the freedom and peace­ egies must be thus established and effec­ Freedom and peace are the basic rights and loving people of the world a broad avenue tuated. conditions for man's survival. But Commu­ that they should faithfully follow. This is to We declare positively that to uphold free­ nist expansion is prejudicial to freedom and say that we must staunchly resist Communist dom and security, free nations must take peace. Peace is a lofty ideal desired by every aggression. strive for final victory, and at­ the road of total defense rather than pre­ individual as an essential to life. To the Com­ tain a durable peace with freedom and jus­ carious negotiated peace. Also to be aban­ munists, however, peace is nothing but a tice for all. Our endeavor is based on the doned is thought about multipolar check and continuation of war. This is why the free fact that to be free, we must first of all elim­ balance that has in fact served to break up nations' talks of peace with the Communists inate slavery and avoid being enslaved; that the freedom camp. have without exception failed. They have all justice demands due respect for free peo­ We also declare positively that free na­ without exception proved that such attempts ple's common wishes, interests, rights and tions must hit back at the Communist are mistaken. For example, the Chung-king dignity; and that peace to be possible re­ united front stratagem to set up and ut111ze talks between the Chinese government and quires the pooling of forces for freedom and a "third world" through maneuvers at the the Chinese Communists while the former justice to fight against aggression and elim­ United Nations. The anti-Communist all1- was fighting the an-out Communist insur­ inate the very sources of troubles. The WACL ance of the people should be elevated to the rection, the Panmunjon talks that unneces- at the present stage should concentrate it- level of solid governmental unity. May 1, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12747 We further declare positively that the post­ of Suez" prior to World War II, principally The 87th Congress by a joint resolu­ war U.S. economic aid policy for the other Britain, France and Holland, no longer have tion signed by the President designated free nations should now be greatly strength­ extensive m111tary and naval forces in those the first day of May each year as Law ened. At the same time, all the other de­ areas and their commerce with Mideast and veloped countries should also provide capi­ Far Eastern countries has greatly depreci­ Day, USA, a permanent national day of tal and technical assistance for accelerated ated. observance. industrialization of developing countries. The nuclear powered, super carriers of the On the occasion of the first observance Ladies and gentlemen, science has made U,S. fleet cannot use the Suez Canal due to of Law Day back in 1958, President so much progress that man now can conquer their size and draft. The canal is no longer Dwight D. Eisenhower stated: space. But our human society is still beset essential or material to the economic well It is fitting that the American people with problems of tyranny and of men en­ being or application of mllitary influence should remember with pride and vigilantly slaving fellow men. In this controversy, man­ and power to the Western World. guard the great heritage of liberty, justice kind should find stinging shame as well as The USSR, on the other hand, will derive and equality under law.... It is our moral looming dangers. Squarely facing our re­ the principal benefit from the reopened Suez and civic obligation as free men and as sponsibility to safeguard and promote man's Canal. This will permit the growing Soviet Americans to preserve and strengthen that freedom, we of the World Anti-Communist Navy to complete its dominance in the Mid­ great heritage. League must now call upon all those who do del East and to extend its naval power into not wish to relegate themselves to be Com­ the Indian Ocean. The theme for Law Day 1974 is "Young munist slaves to rise gallantly to the oc­ It is signflcant that all the ships of the America Lead the Way. Help Preserve casion and together strive to usher in a new growing Soviet fieet can negotiate the Suez Good Laws. Help Change Bad Laws. Help era of lasting peace based on freedom and Canal. The Soviet Mediterranean and Black Make Better Laws." This theme is espe­ justice for all. Thank you. Sea fleets will find their routes to India, for cially meaningful and appropriate today. example, decreased by 7,000 m.lles. The Russian fieet can now rapidly achieve We live in historic but diftlcult days. the superiority in the Middle East and In­ Many things today cry out for change. dian Ocean which it has recently achieved The theme suggests the we..y we must RESULT OF REOPENING THE SUEZ in the Mediterranean Sea. make our changes. We must keep what is CANAL The few remaining nations in Africa and good, change what no longer works and the Middle East neutral or friendly to the step out ahead answering new challenges West can be surrounded and isolated and with new and better laws. forced for their survival to make an accom­ HON. DANIEL J. FLOOD modation with the USSR. While it is the special role of the legal OF PENNSYLVANIA Economic gains in these areas for the profession to serve our system of justice IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES USSR will quickly follow inevitably. Russia and make the constant yet ever changing is building a vast merchant marine which fabric of our law a constructive, dynamic Wednesday, May 1, 1974 can operate more economically than can the force in society, the law is everybody's Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, when the merchant fleet of any Western nation, due to business. Law Day is not a "lawyer's Suez Canal was closed in 1967 some of lower labor and fuel costs. day," but a time for all citizens to exam­ Russian influence on the developing na­ the traffic using that waterway shifted to tions in Africa and Asia can become domi­ ine how the law can better serve America. the Panama Canal and part of it went nant. NATO nations, faced with grave eco­ The programs planned for Law Day around the Cape of Good Hope. More­ nomic depression due to the Arab oil em­ in Michigan will focus especially on over, the closure served to stimulate the bargo and 470% increase in petroleum prices, young America. They are planned with construction of supertankers that are can scarcely continue to aid these poverty these objectives in mind: more economical to operate via the Cape stricken countries. The ussa and her Arab To convey to youth a better under­ than to pay canal tolls. allies will be able and eager to supply this standing of the law and the American Today, the United States is embark­ deficit and in dollars, pounds, marks, francs legal system. and lira, the result of the increased price of ing upon a huge program to reopen the oil to NATO nations, estimated at $25 billion To examine and explore areas where Suez Canai. An appraisal of the military annually. With all or most of their foreign the law has failed to provide equality significance of its opening by Lt. Gen. aid coming from nations under Soviet in­ of individual rights; especially for mi­ Ira C. Eaker, U.S. Air Force, retired, a fiuence, all these new, excolonial nations wlll nority groups and alienated youth in the respected strategist, was published in a reluctantly, be drawn into the communist ghettos. recent issue of the World War Officer camp. . To provide a realistic conception of the Review, the bimonthly publication of The U.S. furnished the technical manage­ potential for change within the legal ment and much of the cost of clearing the the Military Order of the World Wars. Suez Canal when it was closed by Egypt's process. Because of its relevance to the unfold­ dictator, Gamal Nasser. There have been sug­ To encourage youth to support our ing world strategic situation, I quote it gestions that the U.S. again participate fi­ legal system and institutions and develop as part of my remarks: nancially in reopening it. It is not in our a desire to participate in the democratic RESULT OF REOPENING THE SUEZ CANAL national interest to support or speed its process-from Michigan State Bar (By Lt. Gen. Ira C. Eaker) avallab111ty. Journal for April 1974. Secretary of State Kissenger has been re­ If the Ara·b-Israelt truce and disengage­ Above the entrances to the Depart­ markably successful as the catalyst between ment of Justice it is written: ment proceed on schedule, the Suez Canal the Arabs and Israelis in the cease-fire and will probably be reopened late this year. In peace negotiations to date. It wm take No free government can survive that is fact, this may be the second most important equally sk111ful diplomacy to avoid the dis­ not based on the supremacy of law. Where result from the aftermath to that confl.ict, aster to the Western World which could fiow law ends tyranny begins. Law alone can give ranking only after the Arab oU embargo in its from a reopenend Suez Canal. us freedom. long-ranged, worldwide significance. It is therefore essential to examine the Mr. Speaker, I am somewhat hesitant probable results of that event, and its influ­ to inject politics into this statement, but, ence upon the power balance between East in concluding I cannot resist the tempta­ and West. It is likely to have dramatic inter­ LAW DAY STATEMENT tion to use a phrase from a past political national results both economically and mili­ campaign. We need respect for our laws tarily. and our Constitution, "now more than The Suez Canal, formerly the most impor­ HON. WILLIAM D. FORD tant man-made roadway in sea commerce, ever." has been closed since the Six-Day Arab­ OF MICHIGAN Israeli War in 1967. The principal former IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES RAYSTOWN DAM ACCESS ROADS international users of that waterway have Wednesday, May 1, 1974 adjusted to its non-availab111ty. The economy of the Freed World nations have survived and Mr. FORD. Mr. Speaker, today we expanded during this period. Larger tankers commemorate the 17th Annual Law Day. HON. E. G. SHUSTER were butlt so that the long haul around the The Governor of my own State of Michi­ Cape of Good Hope did not greatly increase OF PENNSYLVANIA gan has issued an executive declaration IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the price of Mid-east on to the NATO coun­ urging all Michigan citizens to join in tries. These tankers, due to their size and Wednesday, May 1, 1974 draft, cannot negotiate the Suez Canal, but the observance of Law Day 1974 by par­ must continue to make the longer voyage. ticipating in appropriate activities to Mr. SHUSTER. Mr. Speaker, I have The European nations which had extensive commemorate this observance which today introduced legislation to provide military and economic commitments "East originally was conceived in 1957. for the public safety and relieve the OXX-804-Part 10 12748 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 1, 1974 citizens of three townships in my con­ The State has a moral responsibility to 1974. His post is the second of five director­ gressional district of a severe and unfair do this. Secretary Kassab advised me ships-top jobs within the Bureau of Indian financial burden. My bill would modify l,ater, however, that the State would not Affairs-to be filled. "As Director of Trust ResponsibUities, the authorizing language for the Rays­ absorb the improvement and mainte­ Seneca will head the Central Office functions town Dam project in Huntingdon Coun­ nance costs in its road budget. related to the Bureau's programs in the de­ ty, Pa., to enable the U.S. Army There is nowhere else to turn, Mr. velopment and management of programs Corps of Engineers to upgrade and Speaker. The local governments simply relative to the Bureau's trust and legal re­ maintain certain access roads in the do not have the money, and the State sponsibilities including the protection of the Raysoown area at a standard sufficient to government refuses to accept its respon­ rights of Indians in their trust property and safely accommodate the expected in­ sibility. We in the Congress cannot turn those rights affecting trust property that are afforded by tribal sovereignty," Thompson crease in visitor traffic loads caused by our backs on this pressing and impOrtant said. construction of the lake and dam. problem; we simply cannot afford to ig­ Seneca is an enrolled member of the Seneca The Raystown Lake project was au­ nore a situation that could have an im­ Nation of New York. He holds a Master's thorized by the Flood Control Act of pact on millions of tourists annually. degree in public administration from Brig­ 1962 to provide badly needed :flood pro­ A recent study of traffic on these roads ham Young University and a doctorate in tection along the banks of the Juniata indicated that tourist traffic will con­ law from Harvard University and is presently River and its tributaries. Unfortunately, stitute approximately 90 percent of the Associate Professor of Law at the University this authorizing legislation did not pro­ total traffic volume. Can we jeopardize of Utah. vide for road improvements and main­ the safety of those millions of Americans He accepted that post following a year as a White House Fellow in which he served as tenance outside the Federal area. J\Ild because the local citizens can't afford to special assistant to the Secretary of the De­ the local citizens have heretofore borne and the State refuses to accept responsi­ partment of Housing and Urban Develop­ the burdens created by this oversight. bility for improvement and maintenance ment. He also bas been an associate attorney Now approximately 90 percent com­ of these roads? Mr. Speaker, one life lost in the Washington firm of Wilkinson, pleted, the lake is 27 miles long and as on these roads-one single highway Cragun and Barker. much as 10 miles wide in parts. In addi­ death-would justify action now. Let us In 1970, Seneca received a two-year Pres­ tion to affording the citizens of central not wait for that tragedy-let us not idential appointment as a member of the Pennsylvania with critical protection National Council on Indian Opportunity in wait until our faces are red before we do the Office of the Vice President. NCIO is com­ from rising waters, the project will also what is right and what has to be done. posed of eight outstanding American Indian create one of the largest recreation areas I realize, Mr. Speaker, that this may leaders and eight members of the President's in the Nation. The U.S. Army Corps of not be the best approach. The proper cabinet. Engineers, which is constructing the approach is for the State to take over From May 1969 to September 1969 he was nearly $70 million multi-purpose facility, local roads when the volume of traffic a project developer of the Seneca NatiOn of estimates that it will attract some 1.8 mil­ warrants it, which it clearly does in this Indians, New York. From June 1966 to Sep­ lion visitors per year, placing a severe case. But the State refuses to accept its tember 1967 he was technical assistant, Utah burden on the network of roads located University Bureau of Indian Services which responsibility. Accordingly, as a last re­ had an Office of Economic Opportunity grant outside the Federal area leading into sort, I am asking the Federal Govern­ to provide training and technical assistance and around Raystown. ment to act where the State has failed to Indian tribes of the Northwest. Mr. Speaker, most of these roads are to act, in the interest of public safety. In high school Seneca represented the township roads and have been main­ This legislation will not be a panacea, American Indians at the First International tained by local authorities. Prior to con­ Mr. Speaker, and I fully realize that it Youth Conference sponsored by UNICEF. struction of Raystown, the roads were may be months, if not years, before it "His academic preparation for the admin­ adequate and could safety accommodate can be passed and implemented. And I istrative and legal fields together with his local traffic. Since construction began in experience in working with Indian people and wish there were another way. But there Government agencies at all levels gives 1968, however, the roads have suffered just is no other way. In light of the Seneca the unique qualifications needed to significant damage and wear and tear state's utter refusal to accept its re­ administer the Office of Trust Responsib111- by increased traffic loads and construc­ sponsibility and do its duty and take over ties," Thompson said. tion equipment, and can no longer be the roads, I hope my colleagues in the Seneca was elected President of the Amer­ considered safe and capable of accommo­ House will see clear to support me in this ican Indian Law Students Association in dating the present volume of traffic­ critical dilemmn. and favorably consider 1970, and was also appointed by the Chancel­ much less the volume expected when the my bill. lor of New York State's university system to 1.8 million tourists come into the area. serve on a panel which was charged to assist in the long range development of the State Mr. Speaker, for over 4 years, Juniata, university system by providing a philosophi­ Smithfield and Hopewell Townships as­ MARTIN E. SENECA, JR., SENECA IN­ cal base with respect to change and growth. sumed the financial burden of maintain­ DIAN, NAMED DIRECTOR, TRUST Seneca is married to the former Karen ing these roads. And since construction RESPONSffiiLITIES, BUREAU OF Ann Wilson, Boise, Idaho. They have four of the dam and lake necessitated the ac­ INDIAN AFFAIRS children, three sons and one daughter. quisition by the Federal Government of property contributing heavily to the tax base of these townships, the strain on HON. RALPH S. REGULA OF OHIO the local budgets has been even heavier, BAN THE HANDGUN-XLVI since their tax revenue has been sig­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nificantly reduced. Wednesday, May 1, 1974 Is it fair, Mr. Speaker, to expect these Mr. REGULA. Mr. Speaker, as rank­ HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM industrious, hard-working-citizens to in­ OF NEW YORK crease their burden? Is it fair to inflict ing minority members on the Subcom­ this additional hardship on a population mittee on Indian Affairs of the Commit­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES already shouldering more than its right­ tee on Interior and Insular Affairs of the Wednesday, May 1, 1974 House of Representatives, I am pleased to ful share of responsibility? Is it fair to insert at this point in the REcoRD the Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, the resi­ ask the m1llions of tourists who will visit announcement that Martin E. Seneca has dents of San Francisco, Calif., are living the Raystown area to risk life and limb in constant fear of attack by pistol-pack­ on these dangerous and damaged roads? been appointed as the Director of Trust Responsibilities of the Bureau of Indian ing maniacs. In 6 months, 18 people have Last August, following an inspection Affairs. been seriously wounded or killed, at ran­ tour of the Raystown Dam and Lake, I The announcement follows: dom on that city's streets; .32-caliber met personally with Pennsylvania Sec­ weapons were used. retary of Transportation Jacob Kassab MARTIN E. SENECA Commissioner of Indian Affairs Morris In response to this terrorism and the to implore him to authorize the State to Thompson announced today the appointment accompanying panic, Mayor Joseph Ali­ make the necessary improvements and of Martin E. Seneca, Jr., 32, to be Director oto has begun the most intense-and con­ assume maintenance of th,e heavily of Trust Responsibilities, Bureau of Indian troversial-manhunt in San Francisco's traveiled .roads in the Raystown area.. Affairs, Washington, D.C., effective May 12, history; just l~st night two suspects were May 1, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12749 arrested. The tragic question arises: Why Commenting on both shooting incidents, SYMPOSIUM ON ENDANGERED AND have we made it so easy for maniacs like an FBI spokesman said: "There 1s no indica­ THREATENED SPECIES OF NORTH this to acquire handguns. And what tion at this point it's SLA-oriented. In fact, AMERICA, WASHINGTON, D.C., there's no indication these shootings are con­ 11-14, 1974 should we do now to disarm the terrorist nected with anything except a couple ot JUNE in order to prevent similar incidents in screwballs." the future? ANOTHER WHITE "EXECUTED" ON SAN The two following articles, from the FRANCISCO STREET HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST April 15 and April 17 edition of the New (By Mel Juffe) OF VmGINIA York Post dramatize the need for strict A 23-year-old man was shot to death last IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gun control legislation: night in San Francisco, the latest victim in a Wednesday, May 1, 1974 NEW FRISCO SHOOTINGS: TwO series of random street shootings in which 18 BOYS WOUNDED whites have been killed or wounded by black Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, in (By Mel Juffe) gunmen. the period 1600 to 1850 only two mam­ Nelson T. Shields, who untn this year had mal and three bird species became ex­ Two teenage boys were in critical condi· attended Hobart College 1n upstate Geneva, tinct in the United States. Since that tion today after being gunned down in the N.Y., was shot 1n the back as he helped a time 57 species of mammal, bird, and latest in a wave of random street shootings friend put a rug in the back of a station in San Francisco. fish in the United States have been wagon in the city's Ingleside district. forced into extinction, lost to mankind Eleven murders and six attacks causing Hit by three slugs fired at pointblank serious injuries Have taken place in the cit-y range, Shields toppled out of the car and forever. Worldwide, animals are disap­ since last November. fell dead in the gutter. pearing at the rate of one species or Homicide Inspector Frank Falzon said to­ A nearby resident told police that when subspecies every year. Four hundred day that the latest shootings were "most she heard the gunfire, she looked out her animals are listed as endangered species, definitely" linked to the so-called Opera­ window and saw the gunman fieeing on foot. tion Zebra series of shootings. 109 of those in the United States alone. Zebra is the police code for the 17 shoot­ .3 2 USED AGAIN And there are hundreds of threatened ings that have touched off the biggest man­ San Francisco police use the code "Opera­ species, animals whose numbers are be­ hunt in San Francisco history. In each case, tion Zebra" to describe the street shootings ing depleted and considered threatened a black assailant, without apparent motive, that have terrorized the city. Since last No­ with extinction. Additionally, it has been shot a white victim with a .32-caliber auto­ vember 12 persons have been murdered and estimated the Earth will lose 10 percent matic revolver at nearly point-blank range. siX critically wounded. Each time, black gun­ of its biota in the next 25 years if the rate The unidentified boys, ages 18 and 15, were men, without apparent motive, executed a of depletion continues unabated. approached last night by "at least one black white victims at close range with a .32-caliber man who opened fire at a distance of about automatic revolver. A living system communicates its con­ five feet and fired several times," Falzon said. A "Zebra" terrorist last Sunday critically dition. As an example, the health of a According to Police Sgt. Victor Wode, the wounded two teenagers at a bus stop. On Apr. plant can be observed by the condition assailant "pulled a gun, fired four shots, 1, a Salvation Army cadet was shot to deat~ of its leaves. When they abnormally turned around and walked away." and his female companion critically change or die we know something is Falzon said .32-caliber automatic casings-­ wounded. wrong and can take corrective action. from the same type weapon used in the- other Pollee at last night's murder scene said The ecosystem surrounding man is also Zebra shootings--were found at the scene. Shields was hit by .32-caliber bullets, but The teenagers, believed to have been trying an official police spokesman declined to con­ writing its message, and what can be to hitchhike at the time, were shot as they firm that report. seen of it does not bode well for man­ stood at the corner of Hayes and F1llmore Police said Shields had been living in kind. The system is being changed, and Streets in the Western Addition section, a nearby Sausalito and that his family live in the initiator of it is largely man's ac­ racially mixed area composed of small Delaware. tivity. We do not know the contribution neighborhood businesses, residences and re­ Shields had gone to the house in Ingle­ to nature's balance made by vanished development projects. side with a friend to pick up the rug. The species. But each species helps maintain Several other Zebra shootings have oc­ friend, 23-year-old Jonathan May of Mill the stability of the ecosystem, and the curred in the section, including the most Valley, Cal., said he didn't see the assaUant. recent-on April 1-when a Salva,tlon Army "I came into the house and was talking to loss of a seemingly insignificant con­ cadet was shot to death and a female com­ the woman who lives here," said May. "I tributor to man's well-being may have panion critically wounded. had been in here about two minutes when I been important to the support of a The teenagers were taken to Mission Emer­ heard three rapid shots. I turned around and species upon which man is dependent. It gency Hospital where nursing supervisor looked out. Nelson was lying in the street." is important that man know the effects Marie Rusert said both were in critical but Witnesses provided police with a detailed of his activities and what corrective ac­ stable condition. One was shot in the arm description of the gunman. tion can be taken to minimize the im­ and upper abdomen, while the other was hit "As far as is known," said a spokesman, twice in the chest, she said. "there was no exchange of words between pact or reinstitute a balance. Asked to assess the public's reaction to the the suspect and victim. It was another in­ This is a way of saying that all species latest zebra shootings, Sgt. Wdde said: "Peo­ discriminate type of kUling." are ultimately important to man, ple are apprehensive somewhat, but I don't AT, LEAST TWO whether his economic or physical health think they're staying home and locking their The gunman was described as black, about depends directly on them or not. doors yet. It isn't creating any racial tension. 30, with a stocky build, weighing about 180 One of the most important efforts to Both blacks and whites know this is some pounds. He was wearing a black-knit watch date to inform the public of the plight kind of abhorrent k11ling." cap, a blue zipper-type jacket and dark In an apparently unrelated incident, about facing endangered animals is a landmark pants. series of meetings to be held in Wash­ 20 minutes after the double shooting, a white After Sunday's shootings, pollee said they man told police a black gunman fired a ington at the Statler-Hilton, June 11 to were searching for a man with a distinc­ 14 this year. The gathering is unique sa.wed-otr shotgun at him from a passing tive gold tooth. car about a mile-and-a-half from where the Investigators, who say there were at least in that it wlll present for the first time teenagers were gunned down. two "Zebra" killers, are at a loss to explain in a continuous group of meetings lead­ Wode said: "That wasn't a Zebra shoot­ the motivation for the shootings, except as ing conservationists and wildlife experts ing, Unless they've suddenly changed their the work of demented killers. reviewing the status of many wild modes operandi." San Francisco police announced the start species threatened with extinction. The The man reported he was missed by the of the biggest manhunt in the city's history Symposium on Endangered and Threat­ shotgun blast as he was standing on the after four persons were killed and another ened Species of North America plans to corner of Fourth and Howard Sts. seriously wounded in a shooting spree Jan. He said his would-be assailant was wear­ 28. Dur.ing that night of violence, witnesses publish the proceedings and formulate ing a green Army-type field jacket with a told pollee they saw two black gunmen recommendations to enhance the protec­ patch over the heart representing a snake. roaming the city in a 1969 Cadillac picking tion of wildlife. The emblem of the terrorist Symbionese off their victims. The conference is sponsored by the Liberation Army, which has claimed respon­ Police and the FBI have said there is no Wolf Sanctuary of St. Louis, and is being sibil1ty for the kidnapping of newspaper evidence linking the "Zebra" gunmen to the coordinated by Mrs. R. Marlin Perkins heiress Patricia Hearst, is a seven-headed Symbionese Liberation Army, who kidnapped of St. Louis, Mrs. Rogers Morton of cobra. Patricia Hearst in nearby Berkeley on Feb. 4 . Washington, D.C., Mrs. Charles Tippy of . ; t . • .· 12750 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 1, 1974 Houston, Tex., and Mrs. G. William Entertainment: The Winter Consort. Also creates survival centers for endangered Whitehurst of Virginia Beach, Va. Awards: Coyote and Mr. Arthur Godfrey. and threatened species. Referred to the Mer­ Topics to be discussed include whales THURSDAY, JUNE 13 chant Marine and Fisheries Committee. House Concurrent Resolution 125 asks that and sea mammals, reptiles, polar bears, Moderator for the day Dr. Marlin Perkins. the United States, through its delegation in sea turtles, black footed ferrets, wild 9:30 Wolves In the Wild, Dr. Gordon Haber. the United Nations, take steps to urge the horses, sea otters, wolves, grizzly bears, 10:00 Cats of North America, Dr. Randall UN to initiate the estabUshment of inter­ cats of North America, birds, wild un­ Eaton. 10:30 Break for refreshments. national criteria for determining endangered gulates, predator problems in the West, 10:45 Wild Ungulates, Dr. Valerius Geist. species of wildlife; the establishment and pollution of the oceans, wildlife parks 11 : 15 Birds, Roger Tory Petersen. maintenance of international lists of en­ and zoos, State and Federal legislation, dangered species of wildlife; and the estllJb· 12:00 Lunch. lishment of international standards for th6 management of wild animals, science, 2:00 Grizzly Bears, Dr. John Craighead. humane treatment of animals, especially in land use, conservation, the role of edu­ 2:30 Predator Problexns in the West, Mr. shipment. Referred to the Oommittee on For­ cation in the survival of wildlife, and in­ Don Balzer. eign Affairs. ternational wildlife conservation and 3:00 Break for refr,eshments. 3 :30 Panel Wildlife Parks--Zoos--sanc­ H.R. 9206 authorizes the Secretary of In­ protection efforts. The range of inquiry tuaries: Centers for Survival. Moderator, Mr. terior to estlllbllsh regulations regarding ac­ will also include activities in animal re­ William Conway. ceptable means and methods of trappin,g and quirements in research, and studies of Participants: Mr. Earl Baysinger, Dr. Theo­ capturing mammals and birds on Federal other endangered or threatened species. dore Reed, Ms. Sue Pressman, Dr. Wayne lands in a humane manner. Selling or trans.. King, Dr. Marlin Perkins, Mr. Pat Quinn. porting illegal traps carries p. one year prison Question and answer sessions, panel pro­ term and $5,000 fine. Interstate shipment of grams, films, and other techniques will Reception for patrons, speakers, modera­ any part of an illegally trapped animal or be used during the 4-day program. I in­ tors, panel participants, and Wolf Sanctuary Board at the Smithsonian Institution. bird is prohibited. It also 11mits the trap­ clude the full program at this point in ping and capturing of mammals and birds the RECORD: FRIDAY, JUNE 14 on federal lands. Referred to Merchant Ma­ ScHEDULE OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON ENDANGERED Moderator for the day Mr. Michael Fox. rine and Fisheries. AND THREATENED SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICA 9 : 30 Panel Legislation: State and Federal. H.R. 1264 extends Federal law relating to Moderator, Representative William White­ the care and treatment of animals in pet MONDAY, JUNE 10, 1974 hurst. stores and zoos, and increases protection of 1-10:00 PM Registration. Participants: Dr. David Mech, Mr. John animals in transit. It also sets minimum 1 PM on-Hospitality room open. Gottschalk, Mr. Clark Bavin, Ms. Christine standards for pet shops, zoos, lwboratorles NoTE.-This room is open throughout the Stevens, Mr. Bernard Fensterwald, Mr. Lewis and other facUlties, wherever interstate com­ Symposium from 9:30 AM to 7:00PM. Cash Regenstein. merce is involved. It increases coverage of bar 5-7 PM. 11:00 Lunch. the Animal Wel!are Act so that more animals TUESDAY, JUNE 11 1:00 Panel Management of Wild Animals. can benefit from effective measures to stop Moderator for the day: Mr. Roger Caras. Moderator Mr. Dan Poole. abuse and neglect. The bill has been referred 9:30 Welcome, Dr. Marlin Perkins. Participants: Mr. Cleveland Amory, Dr. to the Committee on Agriculture. 9:35 Introductions, Mr. Roger Caras. Durward Allen, Dr. John Craighead, Dr. Fred 9:45 Message, The Honorable Rogers Mor- Evenden, Mr. Starker Leopold, Mr. Keith This is only a partial list of my animal ton. Schreiner. legislation. Wildlife and mankind will 10:15 Break for refreshments. 2:30 Break for refreshments. benefit from its passage. However, wild­ 10:45 Canids, Dr. Michael Fox. 3:00 Panel Science-Land Use-Conserva­ life cannot speak for it; only man can do 11:15 Endangered Species Film, Mr. Marty tion: Possibilities for the Future. Moderator, that. I urge my colleagues on the various Stouffer. Mr. Charles Callison. committees mentioned to act favorably 12: 15 Lunch. Participants: The Honorable Russell Train, on this important legislation. 2:00 Reptiles, Dr. Wayne King. Mr. Lee Talbot, Mr, Harry Crandall, Major 2:30 Polar Bears, Dr. Charles Jonkel. General Jack W. Morris, Mr. Tom Kimball, 3:00 Break for refreshments. Mr. Leonard Hall. 3:30 Panel "The Role of Education in the 4:30 Summation of Symposium, Dr. Survival of Wildlife," moderator . Dr. Erich Michael Fox. STARK COUNTY FEDERATION OF Klinghammer. CONSERVATION CLUBS OPPOSES Participants: Dr. John Wanamaker, Mr. The Endangered and Threatened Spe­ "GUN CONTROL" John Hoyt, Mr. John Harris, Ms. Carleen cies Symposium is much more than an Flanagan, Mr. Willlam Mason, Mrs. Marlin historical first in the effort to provide Perkins. enlarged protection for hard-pressed HON. RALPH S. REGULA 7:00-9:00 PM Reception at the Statler wildlife. It will provide a forum for those OJ' OHIO Hilton for everyone. committed to wildlife study to tell their 9:15 Tundra Wolves-Film by John Bor­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES den and Neil Goodwin. story, encourage the exchange of infor­ mation among professionalis, establish Wednesday, May 1, 1974 WEDNESDAY, JUNE 12 face-to-face discussion of issues impor­ Moderator for the day, Mrs. Warren Iliff. Mr. REGULA. Mr. Speaker, at there­ tant to wildlife conservation, and provide quest of the chairman of the Leidslative 9 :30 Sea Turtles, Dr. Archie Carr. an opportunity to meet ·the personalities 10:00 Whales and Sea Mammals, Mr. Tom Committee of the Stark County Federa­ Garrett. pledged to this effort. It is hoped this tion of Conservation Clubs, Stark 10:30 Break for refreshments. symposium will help bring to the atten­ County, Ohio, I am inserting at this 10:45 Black Footed Ferrets, Mr. Conrad ion of America's citizens the require­ point in the RECORD a portion of · the HUiman. ments of wildlife in an increasingly pop­ statement submitted to the Ohio General 11:15 Wild Horses, Mrs. Charles Johnston 1 ulated world. Assembly on behalf of this group in op­ ' Wild Horse Annie." There are several bills introduced in position to gun control legislation. 12:00 Lunch. this Congress that if passed would make 1:30 Seal Song, film by Brian Davies, in­ The statement follows: troduction by Ce.rol Perkins. a significant contribution toward pro­ STATEMENT OF THE STARK COUNTY FEDERA­ 2:00 Sea Ott.-rs, Mrs. Margaret Owings. tecting wildlife. They provide Congress TION OJ' CONSERVATION CLUBS IN OPPOSITION 2:30 PollutiOl\ of the Oceans, Mr. Norman an opportunity to show its concern for OF CONTROL OF FIREARMS BY GOVERNMENT Baker. endangered and threatened species by I have been selected to prepare this state- 3: 15 Break fo~ refreshments. taking positive action to protect them ment in behalf of the Stark County Feder­ 3:30 Panel, I:h ternational Efforts, modera­ and enhance their environment. I take ation of Conserva.tive Clubs and its over 7,000 tor, The Hono\"able Ambassador Francis members. Kellogg. this opportunity to briefly review some of these bills for my colleagues. The leg­ I feel that the United States has always Participants: Mr. Howard Pollock, Dr. had the finest, most advanced, form of gun David Challinr,r, Mrs. Margaret Owings, Mr. islation follows: control of any nation on earth. In par­ Tom Garrett, Dr. Archie Carr, Mr. Norman LIST OF ANIMAL LEGISLATION ticular, control, by responsible law abiding Baker. H.R. 12047 provides financial assistance citizens which has always proved to be sup­ 7:30 Congt essional-Celebrity.Dinner. through direct grants and loan guarantees erior to control by government. Hosts: Dr. and Mrs. Marlin Perkins, Wolf to help zoos and aquariums improve their The right of the police of this country to Sanctuary, Mrs. Rogers Morton, Mrs. William facilities. Establishes a Federal Zoological carry firearms, and use force, in the per­ Whitehurst, Mr. V. J. Scutt, Mutual of and Aquarium Board to set standards and formance of their duties is clertved. by a. proc­ Omaha, Wild Kingdom. accreditation. Authorizes pllot projects to ess of delegation, from the cltlzens, who Address: Dr. Durward Allen. serve as models for the national standards. have an inalienable right to u. force in de- May 1, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12751 fense of their persons, families and property. the people unable to resist tyranny, aggres­ include the text of this tobacco smoke When the government presumes, by any sion, and leaving them helpless before crim· emissions fact sheet: method, that the police may possess firearms inal and state alike. that are denied the people we are indeed a The first Amendment to our United States TOBACCO SMOKE EMISSIONS long way down the road towards a pollee Constitution is well known and cherished FACT SHEET state. by us all as a safeguard of freedom of speech 1. Smoke-filled air contains visible smoke I categorically disagree with the conten­ and press. Those who own and control the particles and invisible gases that may irritate tion of many, who advocate gun control news media are constantly using this right the eyes and nasal passages. These same sub­ laws, that firearms per se are a cause of to defend against any infringement, meddl­ stances may also trigger allergic reactions. crime. Rather I maintain that firearms in ing, or intervention by government. I com­ 2. Several harmful gases in tobacco smoke the hands of the law abiding citizens are mend them and join them in this defense. emissions have been identified: Carbon mon­ and have been, the most effective peace­ The news media, for instance, has focused oxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen cyanide, keeping force in existence and have been the the attention of the public on the effects of hydrogen sulfide, hydrocyanic acid, arsenic, major factor that has kept the criminal ele­ the misuse of firearms and rightly so. and other compounds. ment in this country from running com­ Misuse, and not ownership, is the real 3. The least obvious and most insidious pletely amuck. The criminal element, I am problem regarding firearms. I ask if the danger is that a colorless gas, carbon monox­ sure, would welcome passage of any gun con­ peoples• right to own and bear arms is di­ ide, may get into the nonsmoker's blood­ trol law. minished, or obviated, how long before the stream in su~cient quantity to damage his I contend that gun control laws are an ef­ right of free speech and press wlll no longer heart and lungs or exacerbate heart-lung dis­ fort at legalized erosion of the right to own be considered necessary for the maintenanue ease that he already has. and bear arms and would amount to an in­ of our individual liberties? For any commit­ 4. Inhaled carbon monoxide, in smokers fringement on a right that is older than tee to report and bring retrictive gun control and non-smokers alike, enters the blood­ the Second Amendment to our United States measures to the House, for consideration, stream through the inner surface of the Constitution. Laws regarding the right to further threatens infringement on individ­ lungs. Carbon monoxide robs the body of own and bear arms existed in English com­ ual liberties that have served as a basis for needed oxygen and commonly leads to head­ mon law and although mine is not a mind our American way of life. Which committee, aches, dizziness, and lassitude. trained in legal matters, it is my under­ at this time would dare impose such action 5. The acceptable maximum in most in­ standing that it is also part of our own com­ against the right of free speech and press? dustrial situations is 50 oarts of carbon mon law. In my opinion, none would dare such action. monoxide to 1,000,000 parts- of air. A room­ The Second Amendment to our United I ask them why an infringement on the ful of cigarette smokers, investigators have States Constitution and the similar protec­ Second Amendment. found, raise the carbon monoxide content to tive clause in our State Constitution do not Freedom would be better served by consid­ between 20 and 80 parts per million. create that right but do prevent the govern­ eration of corrective legislation, aimed at the 6. Cigarette smoke contains 250 parts per ment, Federal and State, from infringing on judicial and penal systems, designed to pro­ million (ppm) of nitrogen dioxide, an this precious right. mote the firm and just enforcement of the acutely irritating gas possibly giving rise to I condemn gun control proposals as a po­ more-than-adequate laws we have to con­ nitrate, a potentially mutagenic agent. Pol­ tential means of infringing on the peoples trol the criminal element. lution alert levels in Los Angeles have gone right to own and bear arms, contrary to The law abiding citizen does not need, or as high as 3 ppm_ long-standing law and judicial decisions. In deserve the type of control and restriction 7. Hydrogen cyanide is not found in cus­ particular, I am keenly aware of the his­ that gun control laws would impose. tomary forms of air pollution, yet is a highly torical role of the American mllltia in secur­ Let us all face the fact that the thrust o1 active enzyme polson, found in cigarette ing freedom. The citizens mllltia is, and has all gun control laws are felt, only by the smoke. Long term exposure to levels of about been, the backbone of the armed forces of law abiding citizens and there is abundant 10 ppm is considered dangerous. Concentra­ the United States and is, in the final analy­ proof that the criminal, who pays no heed tion in cigarette smoke is 1,600 ppm. sis, the ultimate resource of the people to any law, cannot be expected to pay heed 8. Teams of researchers at the University against tyrannical government. The history to gun control laws. Those who advocate gun of Cincinnati Medical Center reported that of mankind is that government has an un­ control laws would disarm the citizens. smoke drifting from the burning ends of satiable desire for power. Where is the guarantee that the criminal cigarettes, pipes, and cigars contains cad­ It is more important than ever before that would also be disarmed? mium which could definitely be harmful we retain, and preserve the right to own and In my opinion gun control proposals are when inhaled by non-smokers. bear arms. To deny the people the right to an insidious attempt to errode the right to 9. The presence of tobacco smoke in the own and bear arms, in any degree, would own and bear arms. It is but one in a series air can trigger an attack in a person plagued effectively take power from the people and of progressive steps toward the ultimate goal with chronic lung disease. The attack can add to the already awesome power of gov­ of those who advocate gun control-the result in either a mild discomfort such as a ernment. I do not intend to tolerate any total disarmament of the American people. coughing spell, running eyes and nose, and attempt to disarm me, or subvert our militia impaired breathing or a more serious attack heritage. Such would be the conspicuous ef­ involving extreme discomfort and great dif­ fect of any proposal that diminishes the un­ ficulty in breathing. fettered right of the people to own and bear 10. Smoke from an idllng cigarette con­ arms. TOBACCO SMOKE EMISSIONS tains almost twice the tar and nicotine of Communist use of gun control merits an inhaled cigarette and thus may be twice _serious consideration. Gun control ranks very as toxic as smoke inhaled by the smoker. · high on the lists of priorities contained in HON. JACK F. KEMP An idling cigarette contaminates the air for the Communist Rules for World Domination. OF NEW YORK approximately 12 minutes while the average I also point out the fact that Stalin, Lenin, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES smoker is usually inhaling on the average Hitler, Mussollni, and Castro were very ar­ for 24 seconds. dent supporters of gun control. They also Wednesday, May 1, 1974 11. If a non-smoker must be in the com­ were the most successful destroyers of human Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, later this pany of a smoker, he may be safer when freedoms of our century. week, the House will consider the bill, near vne who inhales because the inhaling The firearms clauses in our Blll of Rights H.R. the National Cancer Act smokers filter mainstream smoke rather and our own State constitutions are a pro­ 13053, effectively. Studies have shown that a smok­ tection of our citizens right to own and bear Amendments of 1974. er's lungs retain more than 85% of the vola­ arms so that by being adept in the use of That bill is designed to greatly enhance tile chemicals and particulate matter, and firearms they could be a standing reserve, a our Nation's effort to control and eventu­ more than half the carbon monoxide in citizen army, constantly on guard and ready ally eradicate the causes of cancer in its smoke. to defend their loved ones and homes, state many forms. I fully support that bill and 12. Since pipe and cigar smokers inhale and country against all enemies, "both for­ such an effort. less than cigarette smokers, they contribute eign and domestic". Those Americans who I have had recently brought to my at­ relatively unfiltered smoke into the air. 13. Heavy cigarette smoking while driving are unwilling to surrender their firearms, tention a fact sheet on tobacco smoke and there are many, understand that the cit­ in traffic can harm some people. The carbon emissions. The facts within this summary monoxide present in such a situation can izen soldier-not the m111tary-is the real on the dangers to nonsmokers from inha­ interfere with the driver's ability to judge strength and defense of freedom in this lation of tobacco smoke particles and time intervals and thus lead to accidents. country. gases occasioned by smokers are indeed Ten cigarettes smoked in a closed automo­ The patriotic American who may, or may startling. I think they are of direct rele- bile produce carbon monoxide levels up to not be, a gun enthusiast or sportsman under­ vancy to the consideration of measures 90ppm. stands full well that he must never sur­ 14. 58% of adult men do not smoke and render his firearms_ Too many great coun­ related to the control of cancer, and that, approximately 70% of adult women do not tries that have !allen have first suffered the therefore, they ought to be carefully read smoke. The American Medical Association indignity of government-supported confis­ by Members and the general public alike. estimates that at least 34 million Americans cation of its citizens' weapons thus rendering At this point in the proceedings, I are sensitive to cigarette smoke. They have 12752 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 1, 1974 respiratory conditions which are made worse, army officers thro.ughout Portugal, soured by to Caetano, Thomaz and their senior Cabinet often dangerously so, by tobacco fumes. the nation's debilitating 13-year war against Ministers; they were jetted to exile on the 15. The patient who is already ill is likely guerrillas in three African colonies, the mes­ tourist island of Madeira.. to become much worse if he encounters sages could not have been clearer. After We All told, it took only 14 hours to smash smoke in the doctor's reception room. Say Goodbye was an alert that this was the the dictatorship established by Salazar 45 16. A health survey in Detroit homes con­ night the army would move against the years ago and set the 8 million people of cluded that smokers' children were sick more totalitarian regime of Premier Marcello cae­ Portugal on what the army promised would frequently than non-smokers' children, and ta.no. "Dark land" meant that this was the be a new, democratic course. But it was that the presence of tobacco smoke in the moment to launch the coup. Thus began one not a quest for freedom that had motivated environment was associated with "lessened of the few coups in which military officers the rebels as much as the desire to stop physical health." threw out a totalitarian regime and declared the bloody and costly guerrilla war in the 17. One test made in Germany showed their intention to establish a democratic gov­ African colonies. The war consumed more that smoking of several cigarettes in a closed ernment--instead of vice versa. In time, the than 40% of the nation's $1.3 billion annual room makes the concentration of nicotine shock waves sent out by the coup may be budget, claimed the lives of some 250 Portu­ and dust particles in a short time so high felt more strongly in Africa ths.n in Lisbon guese troops every year, and caused profound that the non-smoker inhales as much harm­ ttself, and the end of the Lisbon dictator­ frustration in the army, which felt that it ful tobacco as the smoker inhales from four ship signaled profound changes f<>T Portu­ was trapped in an unwinnable battle. Dis­ or five cigarettes. gal's vast colonial holdings, the first--and enchantment with the Caetano government's Facts compiled from Dr. Jesse L. Steinfeld, the last--great European empire. colonial policy climaxed in February when Surgeon General of the U.S. Public Health By first light the army was firmly in con­ Spinola added his prestigious name to those Service; Time Magazine: John M. Keshish­ trol of its own baNacks, the Atlantic harbors, of the dissenters with his book against the ian, Md., George Washington Hospital; the airports, the radio s.nd television sta­ war. Young officers enthusiastically echoed Frederic Speer, M.D.; Medical Tribune, De­ tions and even the national bank. Though a Spinola's criticisms and in March even at­ cember 4, 1967; Science Magazine, 1967; few companies of the paramiUtary National tempted an ineffectual coup that was Deutsche Medizinsche Woochenschrift, 1967; Republican Guard held out, together with smashed within hours. They were better pre· Kostin Cameron; General Robert B. Shearer, the detested D.G.S. (Direccao Geral de pared this time. Walter Reed Army Hospital; Action on Smok­ Segurance) secret police, the army was RED CARNATIONS ing and Health reports; Harry Swartz, "To­ clearly superior. "We have all the tanks, and bacco Smoke: A Noxious Air Pollutant"; we have the mll1tary experience we learned in Lisbon reacted like a liberated city. Peo­ Readers Digest, November, 1972; Curtis 100, Africa," said one rebel officer with casual con­ ple joked with the soldiers guarding the September, 1972; Frederic Speer, Archives of tempt. "The police and the National Republi­ main streets and squares, and long stemmed Environmental Health, March, 1968; Ph111p can Guard have only a few obsolete armored red carnations, a symbol of support for the Albelson, "A Damaging Source of Air Pollu­ vehicles." army, appeared everywhere. Cheers and hur­ rahs greeted every mention of Spinola's tion"; Research Dept., Fla. Division of GOING OVER name. Appointed to the seven-man rul~ Health. In Lisbon's main square, the Praca do Co­ Prepared by the American Lung Associa­ junta group that he clearly dominated, mercio, the 7th Cavalry Regiment was called Spinola went on television with his col .. tion of Southeast Florida, 2701 Australian upon to crush the rebels. The first contin­ Avenue, West Palm Beach, Florida 33407. leagues to pro.mise free elections "as soon gent, led by a lieutenant, responded by going as possible," a phrase later defined as some over to the other side. The second also joined time within the next year. They also pledged it after its commander, a lieutenant colonel, to abolish the hated secret police in Portu­ was arrested. The third, led by a brigadier gal itself and grant full civil liberties. Cen­ FREEDOM IN PORTUGAL-BUT general, fought for a few minutes, then broke sorship was lifted, and the Lisbon news­ ranks. By that time the rebels were firmly WHAT ABOUT AF·RICA? paper Republica placed a red box on its front in control. page to announce the first uncensored edi­ In the takeover itself, only one person, a tion anyone could recall. civilian, was killed, and 20 were wounded. HON. ANDREW YOUNG But ln a desperate, irrational outburst, a Politically, the new regime's hastily group of D.G.S. police fired wildly into a sketched program sounded rather mild and OF GEORGIA unexceptionable by non-Portuguese stand­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES crowd of civilians, killing five and injuring <1:0 more before retreating to temporary safety. ards. Apart from a change in Africa, foreign Wednesday, May 1, 1974 The D.G.S., a longtime opponent of the army, policy will probably remain the same; and provided the only eal resistance to the take­ Portugal's membership in NATO will most Mr. YOUNG of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, over. Still, no more than a dozen people likely still be a cornerstone of the country's the coup in Portugal last week evidently were reported dead at week's end. military policy, with the U.S. retaining use was welcomed by the people who live Premier Caetano sought refuge in the Lis­ of the invaluable airbase 1n the Azores. The there. The new regime promised to re­ bon Republican National Guard headquar­ military junta will no doubt try, as Caetano store civil liberties, abolish the secret ters, and Portugal's 79-year-old President, also tried, to speed economic development. police, lift censorship and hold free elec­ America Thomaz, retreated to the barracks It will l.mJm.ediately be confronted, however, of a loyal regiment of lancers. Before sur­ with the obstacle of one of Europe's most tions. rendering, Caetano, in an effort to preserve virulent cases of infiation-a staggering 30% But Portugal's intentions about the the dignity of the state, asked if he could increase last year-and with possible op­ colonized African territories of Guinea­ formally turn over the powers of his office position from the famous "100 famllies" Bissau, Mozambique, and Angola are to General Antonio de Spinola, the spiritual that have long controlled the country's much less clear. The leader of the new leader of the rebelllon, rather than let the economy through interlocking cartels and Portuguese regime, Gen. Antonio de government "fall in the streets." Spinola., conglomerates. Spinola, has spoken of ''self-determina­ who claimed to be aloof from the plotting, Almost like a magnet, the Bastille-like replied that he would have to consult the Caxias prison, which stands high on a hill tion" for the African colonies, but it re­ southwest of Lisbon, drew huge throngs of mains to be seen what he means by that. junior officers who had led the coup. "I am not the leader of this movement," he main­ friends and relatives of the political prison­ As a matter of human rights, the same tained. "I did not act agalnst the govern­ ers inside. All had been freed on orders of freedom and liberties now promised to ment." He added: "If the government has the junta. Time's Martha de la Cal wit­ the people in Portugal should be ex­ the good sense to find a solution, I think I nessed the scene and reported that the tended to the people in the African lands will be doing a service by speaking to the reb­ crowds, alternately laughing and crying, so that they, too, will decide the course els." Though he may not have actually helped waited for 73 prisoners to walk--or be of their own future. I hope that Ameri­ plan the coup, Spinola was obviously pre­ carried--out. One man had been in Caxias can foreign policymakers and Congress pared to act as its leader once it succeeded. 21 years, but about 50 were among a group Both Spinola and his boss, Army Chief of ot influential leftists that had been locked will have the sense to press for independ­ Staff General Francisco Costa. Gomez, were up only one week before in the government's ence for the Portuguese colonies. For the kicked out in March because of their anti­ frenzied attempt to quash dlssent. One ugly RECORD I submit a report on the Portu­ war views on the African conflict. rumOT about Caxias was confirmed when guese developments, published in the To the cheers of a waiting crowd, Spinola., liberating soldiers discovered a torture build­ May 6 issue of Time magazine. who had been one of the country's best guer­ ing, mute evidence that will no doubt back rilla. fighters, entered RepubUca.n National up the testimony of the prisoners who A WHYFF OF FREEDOM FOR THE OLDEST visited it. "Every night we would hear the EMPmE Guard headquarters for what was reportedly a polite, even friendly talk with Caetano, trucks rumbling past our windows, taking 'The signals on the Lisbon radto st8/tion prisoners to the torture building," said the sounded innocent enough one night last who had governed Portugal since 1968 when Dictator Antonio de Oliveira Salazar suf­ wife of one prison worker. "Then we would week. At 10:55 p.m. the ail" waves hummed fered a stroke. (Salazar died in 1970.) To hear them come back, and we would see the with the popular ballad After We Say Good­ result in the hospital." bYe. Two hours later the tra.nsm.ltters beamed emphasize the continuity of power despite another popular song, the lyrics of whtch in­ the coup, the general went to Lisbon's Por­ After the first euphoric outbursts, the cluded the phrase "dark land." To junior tela Airport the next morning to bid farewell residents of Lisbon reacted with some con- May 1, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12753 fusion to their new-found freedom. Several Portugal, as TIME Correspondent Lee Griggs the Africa fighting for the past 13 years than hundred youthful leftists, who had been reports: to any other project. As a result, the home more harshly suppressed than any other Portuguese Guinea, a small (14,000 sq. mi.) country has gone without essential improve­ group, held a demonstration in Rossio enclave on the west coast, could be relin­ ments in roads, schools and just about every­ Square and carried banners calling for free­ quished without any hurt at all except to the thing else a modern economy needs. NeB~rly dom to form unions and strike. Red ham­ Portuguese ego. There are only 2,000 white 2 million people have violated restrictions mers and sickles dotted the surface of some civ111ans living in the whole territory, and the against emigrrution to find jobs in other coun­ monuments, together with hand-scrawled swampy land provides nothing that Portugal tries or to escape the mandatory four-year announcements of a demonstration sched­ needs. The war with the rebels is stalemated; tour in the army-which usually included uled this week for May 1-the traditional day there is no hope at all of pacification. The service in Africa. In the north, where Lt is of Oommunist celebration. Our long, long rebels are well armed with Soviet, Czech and easiest to slip over the border to Spain, whole night is over," one of the students exulted Chinese arms, including SAM-7 ground-to­ vUlages look as 1f they had been visited by to Time's Steve Englund. "Portugal is free." air missiles, and most U.N. members have al­ the bubonic plague, with almost all their Older bystanders watched the demonstra­ ready recognized the nationalist regime. a:ble-bodied men working in the factories of tors with as much wonder and surprise as Mozambique, the big (300,000 sq. mi.) ter­ France and West Germany. they might have observed visitors from Mars, ritory on the east coast, will be harder to deal Why did the government go on with a looking over their shoulders with the in­ with. Approximately 220,000 whites regard senseless struggle? The answer lies partly in grained habit of decades to see what the it as their homeland, and they have been the fact that no matter how colonized the police or the soldiers would do. For the panicked by recent Mau Mau-like attacks by natives may feel, the Portuguese have ar­ moment the authorities did nothing. The the Frelino guerr1llas, who have been carry­ rogantly not considered their territories as city police had been withdrawn for their own ing the war ever farther into the south. The colonies; they are part of Portugal itself. To protection, so that mobs would not mistake railroad line from the port of Beira to Rho­ give up Mozambique was almost the same, them for the odious D.G.S. men and lynch desia has been hit half a dozen times since in the minds of the older generation, as giv­ them, and army t1~oops stood idly by. It was the beginning of the year. and passenger ing up the Algarve. For half a millennium doubtful, however, that Spinola, who was service has virtually halted. The Portuguese the territories had been part of Portugal, somewhat alarmed a.t the city's mood, would army is still in control, however, and while romantic symbols of the country's rich past. let the leftists do more than march and the rebels grow increasingly brave, the army If the Portuguese should leave now, some sing. There seemed little chance that the is successfully moving thousands of natives hardliners have further insisted, the terri­ army's coup would be captured by the left. into fortified villages. Financially, the terri­ tories would suffer the same fate that befell In Africa, where Portugal has an army of tory is a drain on the home country, with the Congo when the Belgians left. "It would 160,000 men stationed in its major three exports of sugar, cotton and coal not match­ be a crime to leave, as the Belgians did," one colonies, the course of the coup was followed ing the sums poured in by Lisbon. The such rightwinger argues. "The natives would as eagerly as it was in Lisbon. In Lourenco Cabora Bassa hydroelectric dam on the just kill and eat each other." Zambezi River may, however, make the ter­ Marques, capital of Mozambique, crowds SPANISH DREAMS gathered outside newspaper offices to buy up ritory more profitable for industry. Now being papers as they came off the presses. There built by an international consortium, the Many Portuguese also believed-and stUl was some concern in Lisbon that the hawk­ dam (cost $350 million) will be Africa's most believe-that Portugal would be too weak ish commanders of either Angola or Mozam­ important when it is completed later this to stand up to other European nations, par­ bique might join with white settlers in de­ year. ticularly Spain, if it let go its ancient over­ fiance of the new dovish regime. But when Angola, the largest (480,000 sq. mi.) and seas inheritance. "If we lost our African they were fired, both men submitted quietly. most prosperous holding, is the west coast territories, we would be under the economic In Rhodesia and South Africa, the reaction territory where the new government may influence . of Spain," argues Manuel Jose was one of extreme nervousness at the possi­ have the greatest success. With impressive Homen de Mello, former manager of Lisbon's b111ty that Lisbon might find some accom­ reserves of oil (Gulf 011 alone made a re­ dally A capit·al. "We went to sea because we modation with black guerrillas and break the ported $70 million there last year), the terri­ didn't want to be Spaniards." Adds a former solid front of white governments in the tory is a financial plus for Portugal, and Cabinet Minister: "We have only one power­ southern half of the continent. Rhodesia's Angola's 750,000 whttes have developed good ful neighbor, and the Spaniards have always position might become untenable if Mozam­ relwtions with its 6 million blacks. Guerrillas dreamed, a~ they are dreaming this very day, bique turned hostile and its lifeline to the have brad little support, and Angola is the of marching in and swallowing us up." sea were broken; South Africa could only most secure territory of all. Its very success That fear seems farfetched in a period shudder at the possib111ty of unfriendly black may, ironically, create problems for Lisbon: when Spain is suffering its own internal dis­ governments on its northern borders. To the Angolans may reason tha.t Portugal is a sent with the Basques and liberals. But it forestall that possib1Uty, Johannesburg drain on them and that they would be better is a fear that Spinola. and his young captains might even send its efficient m111tary into off alone. may find difficult to explain away to Portu­ both territories. "We cannot make big con­ Spinola, who saw his own best efforts fraU guese traditionalists. In the weeks to come, cessions here, even if Lisbon orders them," to do much more than hold the Portuguese Spinola must not only attempt to find some one Portuguese official in Mozambique line in Guinea, realizes better than anyone solution to the African conundrum, but he argues. "If we did, the South Africans would else the ditficulty of finding a solution to the must also convince the conservative Portu­ be across the border tomorrow in force, un­ African dilemma. "The problem is how to guese that his formula of democracy is not invited, and simply take over." In Johannes­ promote self-determination for the overseas the radicalism they have been warned burg, the gold-share index dropped 9% in populations within the Portuguese nation," against for nearly half a century. No one two days in response to the unwelcome news he wrote in his book. "This wm not be easy could say last week whether he would suc­ of the coup. under present circumstances. It w111 be easier ceed, but the Portuguese were at least en­ Exactly what the new government in Lis­ when those populations feel they are com­ joying their first heady whiff of freedom. born will do in Africa is unclear, but 1f it pletely equal, when they can give expression follows the prescription of Spinola's book, it to their traditional institutions, when they SPiNOLA: THE UNLIKELIEST LIBER..AL will not simply dismantle the empire it began can vote for the laws which apply to their On his record, General Ant6nio de Spinola 500 years ago, following the discoveries of the communities, when they can elect their own should be the last man in Portugal to lead great Portuguese explorers• who were first local governments, when the people who gov­ a campaign for reform and liberalization. sent out by Prince Henry the Navigator. ern them are of local origin." For most of his 64 years he has been a stern Spinola, instead, talks of a federation of The African rebels have greeted Spinola authoritarian. The son of a top financial Portugal and Its territories, with real au­ with both suspicion and host111ty, viewing adviser to Dictator Ant6nio de Oliveira Sala­ tonomy-but not independence-for the his ideas for federB~tion as merely a more zar, he was a volunteer fighter on the Franco Black African majorities. "Self-determina­ sophisticated brand of colonialism. If it were side in the Spanish Civil War, commanding tion should not be confused with independ­ to be a true federation, says Luis Cabral, a. a detachment of other Portuguese volun­ ence," he said last week. How such an ar­ leader of Guinea's rebels, sheer weight of teers. A few years later, the Portuguese high rangement would work in practice and numbers would give •the leadership to blacks. command, recognizing his potential, sent whether the white settlers would accept black He adds sarcastica.lly: "I'm sure Spinola him to Nazi Germany for training with the majority rule are, of course, significant ques­ wouldn't want a black gove.rnment heading then invincible Wehrmacht. From the Ger­ tion marks. Portugal." Said Dr. Agostino Neto, an An• man side he watched the siege of Leningrad. The three major African territories have golan guerrUa leader: "What we want is to When African rebels began challenging little in common except their relation to be completely free to determine the destiny Portuguese rule in Angola in 1961, Spinola. of our own country. If all Lisbon haa in mind once again was an early volunteer. Brought is a federation-and not freedom-! think home after three years, his chest festooned *Portugal's empire also includes half the the war will continue." East Indian island of Timor (the other half with ribbons and medals, he was made sec­ The struggle to keep the territories has ond in command of Portugal's National belongs to Indonesia} , the tiny colony of nea.rly wrecked Portugal. The poorest nation Republican Guard, a param111tary pollee Macao, just a ferry ride from Hong Kong off in all of Europe-poorer even than the Com­ force. In 1968 he was sent back to Africa as the coast of China, and the Sao Tome, munist regimes of the East, with the probable commander in chief and military governor Principe and Cape Verde islands in the exception of Albania-Portugal has nonethe­ of the territory of Portuguese Guinea, where Atlantic. less allotted more of its national budget to he served until he returned to Lisbon last 12754 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 1, 1974 summer to receive the Order of the Tower The committee was cochaired by the index established shall reflect the proposed and the Sword with Palm, Portugal's highest Honorable George Firestone of the Flor­ fuel source for the building. mllitary honor, and to become deputy chair~ Such requirements shall be promulgated ida Senate, and the Honorable Kenneth within one year of the assignment of this man of the joint chief's of staff, a post set H. MacKay, Jr., of the Florida House of up specially for him. recommendation and shall be used in the In Guinea, Spinola created a MacArthur­ Representatives. bidding for construction of all state-financed like aura around himself. His bushy eye­ The committee has recently released buidings. brows, the fiashing monocle in his right its interim report and recommenda­ ( 5) Disclosure shall be required on all ma­ eye-an adornment he picked up in Berlin­ tions. Because I believe that these rec­ jor electr\cal and non-electrical energy con.. the gloves, and the riding crop he invariably ommendations may be appropriate on a suming 81ppl1ances for the typical energy use, carried were as well known to Portuguese Federal level, I am inserting below a use efficiency, and expected annual costs of operation, under average assumed use con­ troops as MacArthur's corncob pipe had been summary of them: to Marines and G.I.s in the South Pacific. ditions. The disclosure shall include the cost Unlike MacArthur, however, he believed in SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS OF FLORIDA figures and assumed average use conditions cultivating the enlisted man, and he would ENERGY COMMITTEE corresponding to these costs and should be pop from his helicopter in hazardous spots ( 1) The state provide incentives for per­ aftlxed to the product, listed on sales contract to see personally how the fighting was going. sons wishing to construct, produce, install, at the time of sale, and indicated in product Though Spinola had worked in Guinea or purchase solar energy systems. In order advertising. to involve the native population in the af~ to help foster an embryonic industry, to save (6) Responsib111ty be assigned to develop fairs of government-a sign perhaps that public funds through lower energy operating a plan which will identify alternatives that his own thinking was changing-few Portu­ costs, and to help develop a reliable product would increase the efficiency of energy ut111za­ guese were adequately prepared for the for consumers, state building construction tion within the transportation sector. The heretical turnabout of ideas in his book, must consider solar water heating, space alternatives considered shall include expan­ Portugal and the Future, which came out last heating and air conditioning. The use of solar sion of existing modes of transportation, and March and became Portugal's overnight best­ equipment must be considered in design al­ the application of newer modes including, seller (200,000 copies). In words that had an ternatives which include evaluation of life but not limited to high speed ran systems eerie echo of the arguments against U.S. cycle building costs. Furthermore, to en­ for inter-city transit and specialized intra­ involvement in VietNam, Spinola said what courage persons to invest in solar energy city multimodal systems which can be in­ many in the country had been thinking: systems production and installation, tax in­ corporated in the future. The first report of Portugal cannot win its African wars, and centives in the form of corporate income tax this plan shall be presented to the Governor some political accommodation must be credits should be provided. In order to en~ and Legislature on March 1, 1975. achieved with the rebels. courage persons to purchase solar energy sys­ This plan shall contain a detailed trans­ "Any national strategy based on the rigid tems products, tax incentives in the form portation profile for the state to include pursuit of a policy that imposes such heavy of sales tax exemptions for such products inter-urban and intra-urban systems, capital spending on defense," he wrote, "will ir­ should be provided. To assure suitable equip­ costs of developing alternative systems, cost remediably compromise survival, the very ment and installation, standards should be of energy use in competing systems over the thing for which the expense is being made. promulgated and licenses should be required. anticipated life of such systems, costs of Trying to Win a subversive war by military (2) A mandatory, periodic reporting be maintenance and operating systems, a means means is to accept defeat in advance, unless made to a state energy information center by of financing such systems, and the abntty of one possesses unlimited cap~city to prolong all persons producing, importing, exporting, these systems to integrate with and supple­ the war indefinitely turning it into an insti­ refining, transporting, transmitting, storing, ment existing systems. Energy costs should tution. Is this our objective? Clearly not." or selling any products used as fuel includ­ include a distinction between energy costs Probably no one but Spinola could have ing, but not limited to, petroleum and its for the equipment for the system and those said such a thing and escaped confinement refined products; natural gas and products energy costs required for operation and main­ in Caxias prison. But not even the staunch­ made from its conversion; coal and products tenance. The development plan shall be est right-wingers could fault his patriotism, made from its conversion; uranium or such completed by March 1, 1976 so that imple­ bravery or adherence to accepted Portuguese other resources used in the process of nu­ mentation of plans can begin by July 1, values. Indeed, Spinola is a man whose char~ clear reaction for the production of electri­ 1976. acter is conservatism itself. cal power. Except during his service abroad, he has Such reports should include the identity of the person or persons and the quantity lunched every day for as long as anyone can NATIONAL WOMEN IN EDUCATION remember at the same rooftop restaurant of a or quantities of each product produced, im· Lisbon hotel. His hair has been cut by the ported, exported, refined, transported, trans­ DAY same barber for 30 years, and his nails have mitted, stored, or sold and reserves held 1n been cared for by the same manicurist for the state for future production. 26 years. A teetotaler, he has stayed trim by In order to minimize duplication, energy HON. ALPHONZO BELL information already prepared for federal regular riding on his horse Achilles, the OF CALIFORNIA mount on which he has won several national and state agencies shall be utilized to the and international competitions. He can also maximum extent possible, provided that such IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES be somewhat overbearing. In Guinea, he told information is consistent with the needs Wednesday, May 1, 1974 fat oftlcers to lose weight, and if they did not, stated in this recommendation. he ordered them shipped home. He is an odd (3) The necessary studies and analysis be Mr. BELL. Mr. Speaker, in recogni­ man indeed to inspire a liberal-leaning revo­ conducted to est81bl1sh rules setting up tion of the ninth anniversary of the As­ lution, but he is perhaps the only man in standards and methods of disclosure of fuel sociation for Women's Active Return to Portugal who could have done it. economy of new automobiles and light Education-AWARE, I have introduced trucks by July 1, 1975. Such fuel economy today a resolution calling upon the Pres­ disclosure should be expressed in "miles per gallon" and "dollars expended for fuel for ident to designate the 19th day of May average use per thousand miles" based on a each year as "National Women in Edu­ FLORIDA ENERGY COMMITTEE specified, reasonable, and assumed fuel cost. cation Day." Such disclosure should be on the price sticker In today's world which is faced by is­ of each vehicle and in the advertisement of sues of national and international im­ HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN the vehicles. Decreases in economy resulting port, the great majority of our Nation's OF FLORIDA from the inclusion of options on the auto­ women are pursuing educational and mobile should be clearly delineated within IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES known limits. community services goals which will bet­ ter enable them to exercise their fran­ Wednesday, May 1, 1974 ( 4) Studies and analyses shall be carried out by an appropriate state offtce which shall chise and the leadership which they have Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, last year utilize the extensive efforts of the National gained through responsible use of their the Florida Legislature created the Flor­ Bureau of Standards and of other federal vote. ida Energy Committee, and charged it agencies and professional societies to develop In an effort to encourage women to with responsibilities for studying present detailed requirements and standards on continue their educational pursuits, policies affecting energy conservation energy conservation considerations for state AWARE International has offered schol­ buildings. These requirements and considera­ and use in Florida, as well as available tions shall include the details for an energy arships for both part-time and full-time sources of energy, and for recommending life cycle cost analysis of alternative archi­ study to women beyond the usual college both a comprehensive system of energy tectural and engineering designs. age. This year AWARE International is policies to meet Florida's needs, and the There shall be developed an energy per­ celebrating its ninth year of distin­ necessary administrative and statutory formance index by which appropriate judg­ guished service and activity. Since its be­ changes necess-ary to improve energy ment can be made on the energy require­ ginning in 1965, AWARE International policies. ments and performance of a building. The has expanded with chapters throughout May 1, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12755 California, as well as in Arizona, Ken­ few people outside the northern California of white citizens. That is the basic lesson of tucky, Missouri, and Texas. black community spoke out. the San Francisco panic, and it is the one AWARE International recognizes Part of the reason may be the horrible that most people seem intent on ignoring. nature of the crimes. In each instance, white women nationally and internationally persons on a relatively deserted street have for outstanding achievements in their been shot, usually in the back, by one, some­ THE ZEBRA KILLINGS, APRIL 25, 1974 fields with the presentation of Minerva times two, unidentified black men. The toll Congressman Charles Rangel, speaking for awards the New York Times March 19, James ment of political prisoners, the truth can Once again part of Japan, Okinawa has a P. Harrison of Amnesty International asks only be determined through visits by outside total of 77 U.S. bases, properties, and facil­ why, if there are only some 35,000 prisoners observers into South Vietnam's prisons. ities, and 37,000 U.S. Inilltary personnel. The in all of South Vietnam as President Thieu "The time for talk has passed. I urge you First Marine Alrwing is based there, with 92 claims, the U.S. is asked to budget some $20 to consider the following actions: aircraft. Air Force high :flying long range mlllion a year for Saigon's police system?- "1. Please let me know if you have any electronic intelligence aircraft rotate through 1'our times the amount we give for hospitals objections to my personally visiting several Kadena, Okinawa. The first Special Forces in South Vietnam. "And why," he continues, prisons in South Vietnam. I am prepared to Group (Green Berets) is based on Okinawa. "are there some 120,000 security personnel go to Saigon if this seems appropriate. U.S. installations on Okinawa are to be re­ and over 600 detention centers in a country "2. Please join with me to urge that the duced over the next three years to 70 and of the size of an average U.S. state?" Thieu government allow visits by various rep­ those, 13 wm be reduced in size. There is no Feeling the pressure from these reports, resentative American groups into South Viet­ nS~mese prisons--visits from a variety of hu­ planned reduction in numbers of mllitary the NiXon administration and the Thieu ad­ personnel. ministration have combined forces to mount manitarian and political groups from differ­ THE PHILIPPINES a campaign against those who protest the de­ ent places on the political or religious spec­ President Marcos instituted martial law tention and inhumane treatment of Thieu's trum. If the Thieu government does not in September 1972. A new constitution gave prisoners. A hawkish team from the pro­ agree, I would ask that you join with me in Marcos the powers of both president and military American Security Council visited urging that aid to the GVN be suspended prime Ininister for as long as he likes. Arrest the area and issued a whitewash. Like the until such time as the issue of allowing out­ and suppression of rebels continues, particu- three monkeys they saw nothing, heard noth- side observers into the prisons can be re- 12758 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 1, 1974- solved once and for all. I am introducing a "And, finally, you know that hundreds of 1922 renamed themselves as The Gilpin Resolution to this effect. pages of material authored by Vietnamese Players, honoring an interested contributorp "3. Please advise me also as to your willing­ living in GVN zones has flooded out of South Actor Charles Gilpin. From the start they ness to support prison visits by other con­ Vietnam since the ceaseflre; tearful pleas performed plays of substance. The first gressional delegations; by delegations rep­ signed by mothers who have not seen sons "Negro Drama." Granny Maumee, by Ridgely resenting church or humanitarian organi­ or daughters for years; statements signed by Torrence in 1925, was followed soon byp zations; by private delegations representing dozens of distinguished Vietnamese Senators Compromise, by Wlllis Richardson and Paul various political shades of opinion, in the and Deputies, religious and labor leaders, Green's The No Count Boy in 1926. During realization that groups regarded as 'neutral' professors, lawyers and judges. the early years the Drama. Clubs played in and 'objective' by all sides are often difficult "That you would twist and distort this schools such as East Tech and Longwood to find. basic fact that the great bulk of the infor­ High School. The first Karamu Theatre "I should amplify this only by stressing mation about political prisoners has come opening was February 24, 1927. For the first that of course such visits would be carried from non-communists--Buddhists, Catho­ time the players had their own home and it out in accordance with the three minimal lics--living in Saigon and other GVN con­ exhibited striking African Decor. conditions established by the International trolled areas has convinced me that the time Through the drab depression of the 1930's Red Cross for visits to detention centers; vis­ for action has come. the decade was fruitful in a new burst of itors are to be allowed to bring their own in­ "I appreciate your writing me of your reac­ creativity and social awareness. The Gilpins terpreters (acceptable, of course, to all con­ ticns to the recent visit of the group headed introduced many manuscript plays, and some cerned); visitors are to be permitted free by the Rev. Dr. George w. Webber, President by Negro Dramatists, including six by Lang­ access throughout the prison; visitors are to of New York Theological Seminary. But I ston Hughes. Smaller drama groups formed be permitted to interview in private prison­ must assure you that I stand firmly with Dr. The Robison Players, Harrison Players and ers whom the visitors themselves select for Webber when he replies that 'you and our the Sightless Taylor Players. Some of the intervtewing. Government have massive and decisive in­ plays during the 1930's were "Porgy," in "From the American point of view this fluence where it counts most.' I hope you which Nolan Ball, child actor appeared. action would help quiet the fears of so many wlll use this influence and accept my recom­ Stevedore, a labor play, Langston Hughes, of our people that terrible things are oc­ mendations. "Cordially, Little Ham, Joy To My Soul and Mulatto. curring in South Vietnam-inhumane tor­ Also the hit musical Pinafore, by Gilbert and tures for which we are paying; it could, if "BELLA S. ABZUG, Sull1van. such abuses are occurring, help correct them; "Member of Congress." Fire struck in the night of October 22, 1939. it would help clear the air. The beautiful little theatre was a charred "President Thteu has told a nationwide TV ruin. But from the ashes arose the spirit audience on April, 1973 that 'anyone' is free that built a new Karamu. The artist ex­ to visit his prisons. This, together with sim­ HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS OF hibited in Manhattan. The Karamu Dancers, llar, more recent statements, would seem to KARAMU THEATRE which had started in 1935, appeared at the indicate that the GVN would not regard such World's Fair in 1940. But a new home had visits as an infringement of national sov­ to wait. The Karamu players appeared at ereignty. Cleveland Playhouse and High School "Given these factors, of course, any re­ HON. LOUIS STOKES OF OHIO Auditoriums. The desperate struggle for luctance on either your or the GVN's part to funds went on. In 1946, the Karamu Nur­ allow such visits could only be considered a. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sery opened at its present Quincy Avenue cause for serious alarm. Wednesday, May 1, 1974 site, upstairs were art studios, and a tem­ "Finally, I should tell you that my sense porary arena style studio theatre. The open­ of urgency about the need for such visits has Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, I would like ing play was The Corn is Green. been increased by your recent intemperate to take this occasion to bring to the at­ Ka.ramu, as we know it today, opened attacks on those who sincerely seek recon­ tention of my colleagues the fact that December 6, 1949. Some of the highlights of cil1a.tion. this is the 50th theatrical year of Ka­ the next ten years were: The Medium, with "Senator Kennedy, the New York Times, ramu. Zelma George, Golden Boy, Antigone; all and the peace groups continue to share the successful. The unforgettable Lost in the concern that brought me to Saigon last The record of Karamu is one to be summer. we must continue to ask questions proud of. By providing an arts education Stars, Androcles, Amahl and the Night Visi­ untll we receive satisfactory answers. program for the underprivileged without tors. During this period there were more "I know that you are aware of the fact, musicals and operas than in previous years, regard to race, Karamu early showed its Carousel, Out of This World, On The Town, for example, that during my visit to Saigon character. During the past 50 years, it last summer I gathered my information Kiss Me Kate, The King and I, Three Penny about political prisoners first-hand from has repeatedly demonstrated its commit­ Opera, Simply Heavenly, and many more. Vietnamese and foreigners living in Saigon, ment to excellence and I am honored to Directors of musicals were Helmuth Wolfes none of whom are agents of Hanoi. You know, present the highlights of its history. and J. Harold Brown. The season of 1955- for example, that I talked with people like The history follows: 1956 Dr. Ruben Silverman joined Karamu Chan Tin, a Catholic priest, whom you your­ as director of Dramatic Productions. HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS OF KARAMU THEATRE In the 1960's there were stlll many good self say in your study of political prisoners Ka.ramu was little more than a glimmer in is not a 'witting communist• and 'views peo­ plays and musicals, but also a. new type of the eyes of Russell and Rowena. Jellitfe in the theatre. In the late 1960's there were plays ple's plights in a human way.' year 1915. Arts education for the less pr1v- "You also know that the information spur­ that related to the Black Revolution--early 111ged-and on a. voluntary interracial basis-­ 1960; Raisin in the Sun, The Sign of Jonah, ring world-wide concern about political pris­ were considered rather startling. From the oners comes directly from Saigon and other Purlie Victorious, Death of Bessie Smith, outset, the Jell11fes met skepticism, lack of Fa.ntastics, later 1960's: in White America., parts of GVN zones, not Hanoi. You know understanding and outright host111ty. But that dozens of western correspondents have Dutchman, The Blacks, Mother Courage, Day they had a. loyal handful of well wishers and of Absence. filed stories based on interviews with former supporters. It was June 17, 1915, just a few political prisoners, relatives of political pris­ A few plays of the 70's are Tamborines for weeks after their marriage when the Jelllf· Glory, Viet Rock. On Monkey Mountain, oners, prison officials, etc.; that substantial fes set out to explore East 38th Street, on testimony and documentation has been which Ron O'Neil starred in, Ceremony for Cleveland's lower east side. By September Dark Old Men, "To Be Young, Gifted and massed by Americans who have investigated they had found the two small frame houses the situation first-hand in South Vietnam, Black," was very successful and Karamu next to the playground and on December players performed this play for Governor ranging from people like Jane and David 19th, moved into the backyard cottage that Barton-who worked in the Quang Nga.i hos­ Gilligan at his lna.gural celebration. was their home for 14 years. They started Many talented directors, actors, dancers, pital for years treating political prisoners casually and informally working with chil­ who had been tortured-to Mike and Diane singers, and iftlsts all have contributed to dren. the success of Ka.ra.mu Theatre. Some of the Jones of the American Friends Service Com­ January 7, 1916, the front "Playground mittee (Quakers), to former Air Force doctor people have gone on to stardom, others have House,'' (as the children called it) , officially stayed striving always for higher standards John Champlain, to Bishop Gumbleton of opened with a party for 26 girls. Very early Detrot t to Fred Branfman of the Indochina the Jelllffes injected into the program of fun of excellence. The many talents of those Resource Center. and games, sports, cooking, sewing and man­ who make up Ka.ra.mu and the general pub­ "You know that the British TV company ual training, new ventures in sketching, clay Uc are thankful for the founders of Ka.ramu Granada. has made a. moving film called 'A modeling, song, dance, and creative dramat­ House, Mr. and Mrs. Russell Jell11fe. Question of Torture,' made in Saigon and ics. By 1919, "The Neighborhood Association" To commemorate the fiftieth theatrical showing former political prisoners crawling became an independent entity with its own year of Cleveland's Karamu Theater, the about like crabs after what they claim was trustees, a. charter member of the Welfare Ka.ra.mu Women's Committee, May Company years of shackling, prisoners who said they Federation, and the first Community Chest. and Essence Magazine will sponsor "Ka.ramu were blinded in jail, prisoners who describe It was a. time for new advances. Golden Experience" on Saturday, May 11, water shocks and electric shocks in a. way Children's theatre of 1917-1918 led to the 1974, at the Cleveland Plaza. Hotel. that is not ea.sUy forgotten. Adult Dumas Dramatic Club in 1920, who in This eloquent production wlll feature a. May 1, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12759 uniquie fashion theatrical show with Essence dinary services, such as garbage collec­ "They were not offered that alternative," Magazine model, Susan Taylor of New York, tion, sewage lines, or electricity. But said Albert E. Gollin, director of the Wash­ along with the popular and talented Karamu public transportation and air pollution ington Survey, "yet that proportion volun­

The only service on the list presented to Social Services• Ian, chief economist of the Wall Street brok.. the survey responents not yet menttoned is erage firm of Dean Witter & Co., estimated social services and welfare. Nearly half of all 1. Fairfax (37) that wholesale prices at the time were rough­ respondents said they did not know enough 2. Montgomery (34) ly where they would have been without con­ about this service to rate it. An article' in this 3. Arlington (33) trols. Projecting trends evident prior to Au­ 4. Alexandria (28) gust 15, 1971, he reckoned that the Whole­ series yesterday gave a detailed analysts of 5. District (28) the school rating results-that people were 6. Prince George's (26) sale Price Index in March of 1972 would have generally pleased in the suburbs and dis­ stood at 117.5% of the 1967 average. The pleased in the District of Columbia. Roads Maintenance actual figure was 117.4%. Observed Mr. Con­ Public ofllcials said the survey reinforces 1. Montgomery (68) lan: "All that grief and confusion for one­ their strong feeling that area residents are 2. Prince George's (53) tenth of a percentage point improvement determined to have better public transpor­ 3. Arlington (52) over free markets." tation. In a mail pool conducted late last 4. Alexandria (50) For the full 32 months of Freezes One and year by the Montgomery County Council, 5. Fairfax (49) Two. Phases Two, Three and Four, the figures mass transportation turned out to be the 6. District (36) are appalling. In August of 1971, the Con­ only publ1c service county residents found Air Pollution Control sumer Price Index was rising at a rate of so inadequate that they clearly favored in­ 1. Fairfax ( 33) roughly 3% per year. In 1973, the cost-of­ creasing taxes to improve it. 2. Alexandria (24) living officially increased by 8% (and, ask Ofticials questioned yesterday said they 3. Montgomery (24) any housewife, in fact perhaps half again a~ are not so sure that air pollution is some­ 4. Arlington ( 20) much). In the early months of this year, the thing local governments are doing much 5. Prince George's (16) rate of inflation as measured by this index about. Local governments here monitor pol­ 6. District (9) has nearly doubled, to the so-called double· lution rates and occasionally cite smoke digit bracket. stack owners for pollution violations, while As to wholesale prices, the record is even the federal government has taken over much worse. From the end of 1970 to the end of of the responsib111ty for developing plans to 1971, the U.S. Wholesale Price Index rose limit use of automobiles and cut down on A FAREWELL TO CONTROLS AND from 110.4 (1967=100) to 113.9, or by less automobile exhaust pollution. A WELCOMED RETURN TO ECO­ than 3%. Twelve months later, the Index William K. Bonta, chief of the planning NOMIC FREEDOM stood at 119.1, and 24 months later, on Jan­ division of Maryland's bureau of air quality uary 1, 1974, at 135.5, a rise of over 20% in control, said he has sought financing for two years. Since the turn of the year, whole­ programs to determine how to plan com­ HON. JACK F. KEMP sale prices have advanced at an even more munities so that people will be discouraged OF NEW YORK shocking pace. . . . from using automobiles, but has so far IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES If the benefits of price and wage controls been turned down at both the U.S. and state have been largely Ulusory, the costs have level. Wednesday, May 1, 1974 been painfully real. There are, of course, As occurred in the survey's findings on many ways to measure cost. In dollars-and­ Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, today, May cents, the direct cost of regulation looks satisfaction with the public schools, D.C. 1, residents indicated they generally were less is the first day that this country has fairly modest. On this score, according to happy with public services than residents been free from the strictures of stag­ John T. Dunlop, head of the Cost-of­ of any other local jurisdiction. nating economic controls since August Living Council, five freezes and phases, "I don't think our level of service is really 1971. As a long and consistent critic of stretching over more than two and a half worse," said Sterling Tucker, vice chairman "central planning," I welcome a return years, cost the taxpayer nearly $200 mtiUon of the City Council, when told of the sur­ to market economies. and U.S. industry an estimated $721 mU­ vey findings. "I think probably when you In an address last week at Hillsdale Uon-$2 b1llion. The latter estimates look have a large, low-income population that is College in Michigan-as a part of the low--other sources have put the cost to in­ 1n constant need, there is always more dis­ Ludwig vonMises Distinguished Lectur­ dustry more than twice as high. satisfa-ction." What might be termed the indirect, or ers in Political Economy Series-Mr. unantictpated, costs have been heavier. SATISFACTION RANKING FOR PUBLIC SERVICES IN Robert M. Bleiberg, the very able editor METROPOLITAN AREA JURISDICTIONS From the outset, even in a relatively slack of Barron's spoke on the failure of wage economy, controls had begun to create (Percentage who rate service "good" or "very and price controls. economic distortion. As business activity good") What follows is an excerpt from his started to quicken throughout the world, Police address. I think it worthy of the atten­ prices of commodities bought and sold on 1. Montgomery (80) tion of all my colleagues and only add a global basis, ltke the non-ferrous metals, 2. Fairfax (78) began to rise above domestic ceilings, thereby 3. Arlington (76) this admonition, the answer to inflation impelllng producers to channel their output 4. Alexandria (72) is fiscal and monetary restraint, reason where it fetched the most and creating arti­ 5. Prince George's (60) and commonsense. Let us cut the cost ficial shortages at home. Last fall, in lar~e 6. District (39) of government in order to cut the cost measure thanks to price controls, the Na· Health Services of living. tional Assoctation of Purchasing Manage­ ment reported that "almost everything is in 1. Fairfax ( 66) Let us resolve to follow his advice and to heed well his statistical evidence. The short supply." Ironically, one of the ftrst 2. Arlington (63) moves made by the Cost-of-Living Council 3. Montgomery (61) reimposition of wage and price controls under Phase Four last summer was to roll 4. District ( 61) would be a disaster. back prices of heating on and gasoline, steps 5. Prince Georges (44) The article follows: which, once the Arab on embargo began to 6. Alexandria ( 42) FAREWELL TO CONTROLs--THE B;ENEFITS HAVE blte, made a bad situation worse. Parks and Recreation BEEN ILLUSORY, THE COSTS REAL Apart from aggravating and creating short­ 1. Montgomery (79) (By Robert M. Blelberg) ages, with all the inconvenience and cost 2. Arlington (71) August 15, 1972, was another Sunday that that entailed, controls did perhaps their 3. Fairfax (67) Americans will long remember. That was the worst damage on the financial scene, do ... 4. Prince George's (62) night President Nixon, against the best ad­ mestic and foreign alike. The harm was in· 5. Alexandria (58) vice of his economic counsellors, and in to­ flicted less by the Price Commission, Pay 6. District ( 46) tal repudiation of his party's campaign plat­ Board or Cost-of-Living CouncU, than by Public Transportation form, took the unprecedented step of impos­ a little-known, 1f highly strategic, part of the ing wage and price controls upon the United controls structure called the Committee on 1. Alexandria ( 47) Interest and Dividends. Headed by Arthur 2. Arlington ( 46) States in the absence of a war emergency. 3. Fairfax (27) Today, half-a-dozen freezes and phases and Burns, Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, and comprising such other top offi­ 4. District (25) 32 months later, the U.S. stands on the brink of decontrol, which~espite last-ditch ef­ cials as the Secretaries of the Treasury and 5. Montgomery (18) forts to extend them on a stand-by basis­ Commerce, CID early on decreed that cor­ 6. Prince George's ( 17) is scheduled to occur at midnight tomor­ porate dividends could increase by no more Sanitation row.... than 4% per year, compared to 5%%-7% 1. Alexandria (76) What did controls oohieve? Well, let's look for wages, salaries and fringe benefits. 2. Montgomery (74) at the record. In early May of 1972, Don Con- This was unfair on the face of it. To make 3. Prince George's· (64) matters worse, 1t aggravated a distortion of 4. Arlington (63) •The large percentage of "Don't Knows" several years' standing. From mid-1967 to 5. Fairfax (58) (nearly 50 per cent) in this category makes mid-1972, the Consumer Price Index ad­ 6. District (36) the results unreliable. vanced by 25.4%, wages of production wor.k- May 1, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12761 ers, 35%. In dismal contrast, dividends on a deliberate effort by business men to add demand deposits) has increased from roughly the Standard & Poor's 500 stocks inched some depth to their supplies and, perhaps, $228 billion to $269 billion. Time and savings ahead by only 5.1%, while payments on the also to beat the rash of price increases ex­ deposits jumped from $290 b11Uon to $369 Dow Jones Industrials actually declined pected because of the dismantling of con­ billion. Total bank loans and investments 4.5%. Dividends, of course, reflect corporate trols." surged from $450 bUlion to $633 bilUon. profits, wh~ch, until business activity began I1 so-like virtually all cases of consensus In sum, while pretending to control infla­ to pick up in 1972, had been depressed. What and mass response-"great delusions and the tion, the Nixon Administration, aided and the CID decreed, in effect, was that for the madness of crowds"-the trend is apt to abetted by the Federal Reserve Board, has first time in history, stockholders should no prove ooth 111-advised and ill-timed. To be turned the inflationary spigots wide open. longer enjoy the right to share in the fruits sure, the standard forecast calls for the per­ Small wonder that despite wage and price of business recovery. sistence of inflation at today's near-unbear­ controls--or, more accurately, in large Not surprisingly, investors reacted badly. able rate. Cost-of-Living Council head Dun­ measure because of them-the U.S. currency Despite one of the biggest upswings in pro­ lop, who has a vested interest in the continu­ has suffered its worst loss of value in genera­ duction and trade in this country's annals, ance of controls, scoffs at prospects of early tions. stock prices today are 50-odd Dow Jones relief. In some realms, notably non-ferrous points below the level at which they stood on metals, steel and textiles, pent-up pressures August 16, 1971. But the true comparison are apt to explode. However, the impact may PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS is far worse. Because corporate profits overall not be as great as so many fear. As Townsend­ REVIEW ORGANIZATIONS have been rising, stocks currently sell at far Greenspan & Co. has observed: "Although lower multiples than in mid-1971. Indeed, prices reported by the D;lajor producers for the Dow Jones Industrials go for roughly ten many commodities may rise quite substan­ HON. BILL ARCHER times earnings, compared to 15 or more three tially, the actual average prices paid by pur­ years ago, while many lesser-known issues chasers of these materials may go up con­ OF TEXAS sell at multiples of five, four and even siderably less. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES three. "Owing largely to the existence of controls, Wednesday, May 1, 1974 In short, by placing a lld for more than marginal supplies of materials purchased not two years on what investors could hope to only in foreign markets, but also in quasi­ Mr. ARCHER. Mr. Speaker, the United receive in the way of returns, the Committee black U.S. markets, have often run to prem­ States has made great advances in the on Interest and Div~dends must shoulder iums of 100% or more. Even though the pro­ practice of, medicine and in providing much of the blame for the sorry showing portion of total purchases falling into these health care to our population through a staged by the stock market since late 1972, extreme price categories \vas relatively small, medical system free from Federal Gov­ the slow disintegration of Wall Street, and, they had the effect of pushing the average perhaps most significant, and ominous, the price paid for a number of chemicals and ernment control. However, a real con­ clogging of the customary channels by which metals considerably above the domestic of­ cern has been expressed over a threat to corporate enterprise taps the nation's sav­ ficial price authorized by the Cost-of-Livlng the freedom which has been a part of our ings. Council. Since with the elimination of price medical system-the establishment of There is a second count to the indictment. controls these premium markets will disap­ Professional Standards Review Organi­ Owing larg:ely to the Committee on Interest pear, the average price increase 1s likely to zations. and Dividends, the dollar suffered its second be a good deal less than the reported in­ Congress passed amendments to tl)e and third devaluations. The sequence of crease of major suppliers. As a consequence, events began unfolding in the fall of 1972, the rise in prices of consumer products may Social Security Act in 1972 and the when Western Europe, beset by mounting be far less than one would have inferred from President signed this bill into law (Pub­ inflationary pressures, moved to tighten the recorded wholesale price changes." lic Law 92-603). The law included a new credit. Despite the sharp upward trend of In what may be the wave of the future •. section providing that all those doctors interest rates abroad--one which accelerated some prices, indeed, have begun to decline. who treat patients under the medicare in the early months of 1973-the Federal Re­ For example, inventories of meat, grown so and medicaid program must submit serve persistently kept a lid on interest rates unwieldly as to exceed available cold stor­ themselves to a judgment of professional at home. Hence the gap between U.S. and age space, have pushed down wholesale prices standards review organizations. The pro­ foreign interest rates gradually widened by 25% or more: From their February highs, vision was added, states its proponents. alarmingly, to three full percentage points. the Dow Jones Commodity Ind~ces, spot and In February of 1973, a great confrontation futures alike, hav~ fallen 1&% or so, with in order to provide some type of account-s occurred between Dr. Burns and the banking corn, silver, sugar and wheat especially weak. ability and cost controls on the imple­ system. Four commercial banks sought to The bottom has dropped out of the market mentation of the Federal program. How­ raise the prime rate from 6% to 6%%. The for steel scrap, while the bubble has burst for ever, the provision even in its initial Committee on Interest and Dividends reacted vintage French Wines. Six months--or per­ stages has far reaching and much more angrlly. In a not-so-veiled threat of retalia­ :b.aps stx weeks-from now, it may have burst serious consequences for the medical tion, it demanded cost and profit data to across-the-board. profession than merely cost controls. "justify" the move. Three of the four banks There is a final point to be made about promptly yielded to government pressure and wage and price controls, one which the late The . implications and consequences rescinded the boost, while the fourth held Ludwig von Mises, in "Planning for Free­ should be of concern not only to every out a few days longer before surrendering. In dom," makes very well. "The superstition doctor but also every American who uti­ a bitter statement on the controversy, First that it is possible for the government to lizes the services of a doctor. National City Bank of New York charged that eschew the inexorable consequences of infla­ Under the PSRO provision in the law, CID high-handedness had aggravated the tion by price control is the main peril. For an elaborate nationwide system of local, latest sinking spell in the dollar. "Such ac­ this doctrine diverts the public's attention State, and Federal review of professional tion is interpreted by foreign holders of from the core of the problem. While the au­ medical decisions would be established. dollars as being unresponsive to the needs thorities are engaged in a useless fight against ot controlllng inflation. Consequently, artifi­ the attendant phenomena, only few people Each local PSRO would apply "profes­ cially holding down interest rates is con­ are attacking the source of the eVil, the sionally developed norms of care, diag­ tributing to the weakness of the dollar over­ Treasury's methods of providing for enormous nosis, and treatment, based upon typical seas. . . .'' A few days later, the dollar was expenditures. Whlle the bureaus make head­ patterns of practice in its region." A doc­ devalued for the second time otnclally, and lines with their activities, the statistical fig:. tor treating medicare and medicaid pa­ continued to sink in the world's foreign ex­ ures concerning the increase in the nati.')n·s tients would have to operate within these change markets for several months more. currency are relegated to an inconspicuous "norms." If a doctor moves out of these Even as they phase out, controls are leav­ place in the newspapers' financial pages." norms in treatment, he may lose his ing behind another ugly and unwanted These figures are staggering. From the legacy: a huge inventory build-up, plainly twelve months ended June 30, 1971, barely claim to payment for medicare and aimed at jumping the gun on the scheduled six weeks before the New Economlc Program medicaid services -rendered. expiration date. Since last fall, to 1llustrate, was unveiled, to the current fiscal year, the Each decision of the doctor outside the stocks in the hands of business have been federal budget rose from $211.4 billion to an n0rm would be subjected to extensive re­ climbing at a rate of over $3 billion per estimated $274.7 billion. In each of the past view by PSRO; the PSRO would not only month, or perhaps $20 blllion all told. Accord­ three fiscal years, the U.S. government has review the doctor's judgment but could ing to the latest issue of the Morgan Guar­ incurred It heavy budget deficit: $23 billion review and examine his private records. anty Survey, in January-March o! 1974 the in fiscal '71, $23.2 billion in fiscal '72, $14.3 rise 1n "real" inventories (as measured in This power would subject every doctor's billion in fiscal '73 and perhaps another $5- diagnosis and recommended treatment 1958 prices) other than automobiles ran to $10 b1llion in the fiscal year ending on over three times that of the llke year-ago June 30, 1974. Under the Nixon Administra­ to a second-guess by an outside orga­ period, far and away an all-time first quarter tion, the federal debt has increased from less nization; the examination of the records high. Nor is there much reason to doubt, so than $370 billion to over $480 b1111on. of the doctor would be a breach of the the Survey suggested, that the heavy ac­ Since mid-1971, by the same token, the traditional confidentiality between a cumulation was "voluntary-the product of money stock (currency in circulation and doctor and patient. This PSRO control 12762 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 1, 1974 would extend from the local level upward our country. It has been reassuring to see I would be happy to take credit for boldly through a network of review boards the growing number of b1lls presented taking risks, and can claim to have taken my to share, but that just isn't the case regarding the offices of the Department of Health, to repeal PSRO. We need to repeal the "Watergate." Education, and Welfare in Washington, Professional Standards Review Organi­ The people who are taking the risks are D.C. zation provision in the 1972 enactment those pursuing impeachment by every gim­ This legislation represents a signifi­ in order to keep our medical system free mick, every device, and every "dirty trick" cant and even frightening step toward from control by the Federal Government. they can think of. Federal control over t'he American medi­ Not me. cal profession. Consider, if Nixon is not impeached we have a. record which shows that these people We need to review the significance of conducted themselves shamefully and abu­ this legislation: sively-without having the real"goods" when Doctors will have their confidential TO MY FRillNDS AND FOES it came down to a half-decent respectable records--records beforehand limited process of testing the evidence. only to doctors and patients-inspected They are then in the frying pan-not me. and examined by outsiders; Consider, however, if Nixon would be im­ HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL peached. Why, then, we could forget about Doctors will have to be ready to have OF ILLINOIS Nixon, the man, and face the surviving ques­ each and every decision-decisions based IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion of what effect the processes used in the on their own medical judgment, training, Wednesday, May 1, 1974 past year and half are actually having on the and experience-reviewed by outsiders; nature of American government and the basic Doctors will have to be willing to have Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, over the fairness of the system. all their facilities open to examination past year I have inserted in the RECORD Who has most to fear from that? byPSRO; a number of editorials written by Mr. Why, once again, those who would have C. L. Dancey, editor of the Peoria Journal impeached him 1 Doctors will be listed and categorized Star, Peoria, m., relating to Watergate. Hardly a year w111 pass-and the record of in a central information bank main­ all past U.S. history makes that a surety­ tained by HEW according to how they These editorials have generated a good before somebody makes violent charges deal of comment and discussion in the against whomever is President. meet the PSRO "norms"; and area served by the Peoria Journal Star Finally, doctors who do not meet these Any administrative misconduct at any level and I have received calls and letters from will raise the question: "Did the White House standards-who demonstrate "an un­ various parts of the country from people willingness or lack of ability substan­ know? Were they in on it?" who have read the editorials which I At that point, a. whole posse of congress­ tially to comply with the obligations"­ placed in the RECORD. men, senators, and newsmen will have a will be subjected to strong financial sanc­ As might be expected, the editorials choice of cavalierly dismissing those charges tions. have been praised by many and con­ as crackpot and unfounded-without serious The PSRO provisions--although pres­ demned by many, but Mr. Dancey is investigation--or o! pursuing the investiga­ ently limi,ted to physicians treating the concerned that his readers not miss his tion into those questions as zealously and medicare and medicaid patients-propose using the same means as they have these. central point, which is that he is less That means once again demanding White a dangerous precedent. If we carry this concerned about the fate of Richard House records, demanding no confidentiality precedent a step further, we could see Nixon "but whether: First, the processes for White House aides or cabinet members, how such a review power under the con­ critical to justice and decency; and sec­ demanding that the Fifth amendment be set trol of the Federal Government could ond, a continued system of checks and aside, etc. etc. change the entire practice of medicine in balances in the American Government Consider the reaction if they do not treat this country. "Big brother" government are compromised by the zeal of some in future charges and questions of White House would be s,tanding over and reviewing this matter." involvement with as zealous an investiga· the professional actions of the doctors He discusses these distinctions in an tion? throughout our co\.Ul'try. The enforce­ editorial from the issue of April 19, 1974, They w111 be admitting the political nature, ment of these "norms" could seriously and I place the text of the editorial in ruthlessness and unfairness of their actions limit the freedom of the doctors in mak­ the RECORD: in regard to this case 1 ing professional judgments and limit in­ But consider the reaction if they do pur­ To MY FRIENDS AND FoES sue another such massive and costly investi­ novations by doctors in the care and These days, I find that I get hell from those gation, stripping the presidency of its nor­ treatment of patients. The PSRO enact­ who disagree (which I don't think I d~serve, mal ab111ty to function with some degree of ment provides a mechanism which of course) but also credit from many that I confidentiality? could be used to expand and extend the know I don't deserve in regard to "Wat~r­ A basic change in the American system control of the Federal Government over gate." itself would be dramatically demonstrated­ every physician in this country. Such Those who give me hell accuse me of and the truth of both the President's and control would represent a serious threat defending "immortality" which is not the some of us editorialists' concerns about viola­ situation. We do not convict people of im­ tion of process. to members of the medical profession, to mortality on the basis of political statements, patients, and to our fine system of pri­ press reports and claims, or the indictment of Overk111 would become the "hindsight" vate medical care. their friends. It has yet to be proven. image, and this whole process would be re­ In any case what I have been concerned viewed in the light of new problems and new As with other Federal programs of con­ results-with the most romantic versions trol and regulation, the proponents of about is not and has not been the personal fate ·of Richard Nixon, but whether (1) the now becoming the misconducts of the ac· PSRO seek to expand the authority of processes critical to justice and decency and cusers. these review organizations. Each one of (2) a continued system of checks and bal­ so, don't embarrass me with praise for the major proposals before the Congress ances in the American government are com­ "courage," friends. providing a system of national health in­ promised by the zeal of some in this matter. By trying to take a broader look and a surance includes a PSRO provision. If a That's not the same thing and is only longer look than those who can see only the national health insurance program is transposed as if it were the same thing by face of a Nixon-and see red I don't require adopted to cover our population, the prejudice and that same overklll excess of courage on this one. PSRO provisions with the resulting con­ zeal. I plan to live with the future, whatever it What is even farther from the mark, how­ brings, and enjoy it. trol and bureaucracy would be extended ever, is the praise I am continually receiving to every physician in this country. The folks who have worn blinders in short for my "courage" in standing up "for wha.t term enthusiasm are the ones who have their We need to stop this threat to our ts right" In the face of the popular ste~m­ necks out--either way it goes. whole philosophy of medical care and roller. "What a chance you are taking!" some say. But give them no credit for "courage" the freedom from government control "What if he is impeached? Where will that either. which has been the essence of our medi­ leave you?" They are getting there by being too eager. cal profession in this country. We must Why, my dear friends, where that will leave They have "taken the leap" blindly. Where take a stand now before this odious me is in great shape for editorial writing in lt lands them is yet to be demonstrated. PSRO concept extends to every doctor in the future about the consequences! And so, on with the show!

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