Geography Land Fronts the Mediterranean

LEBANON Lebanon is a mostly mountainous country, east and west, Geography land fronts the Mediterranean. The Lebanon Mountain are separated by the fertile Bekaa Valley. A narrow coastal strip of central and west, while the Anti-Lebanon Mountains stretch across its eastern border. LEBANON Baalbak, a town in the Anti-Lebanon foothills east of the Litani River in Lebanon's Beqaa Baalbak Valley, about 85 km northeast of Beirut, population is approximately 82,608. It is home to the annual Baalbeck International Festival. LEBANON Anjar, a town of Lebanon located in the Bekaa Anjar Valley. The population of the town is 2,400, consisting almost entirely of Armenians. The total area is about twenty square kilometers. LEBANON Byblos, a Mediterranean city in the Mount Lebanon Governorate, Lebanon. It is attractive to archaeologists because of the successive Byblos layers of debris resulting from centuries of human habitation. Byblos had the reputation of being the oldest city in the world. LEBANON Tyre, a city in the South Governorate of Lebanon. Tyre is an ancient Phoenician city and the legendary birthplace of Europa and Dido Tyre (Elissa). The city has a number of ancient sites, including its Roman Hippodrome. LEBANON Kadisha Valley known as the Kadisha Gorge or Wadi Kadisha, is Ouadi a gorge that lies within the Becharre and Zgharta Districts of the North Governorate of Lebanon. The valley was carved by the Qadisha Kadisha River, also known as the Nahr Abu Ali when it reaches Tripoli. LEBANON The Cedars of God is one of the last vestiges of the Forest of the extensive forests of the Lebanon cedar, that once thrived across Mount Lebanon in ancient times, Cedars the tree is the symbol of the country. LEBANON Few caverns in the world approach the astounding wealth Jeita Grottos or the extent of those of Jeita. In these caves and galleries, known to man since Paleolithic times, the action of water has created cathedral like vaults beneath the wooded hills of Mount Lebanon. LEBANON As the Lebanese ski mostly at weekends, the agenda makes a lot of sense. From Sunday to Thursday, visitors have the slopes to themselves. On Skiing Fridays and Saturdays, they can watch the locals flaunt their cutting- edge designer clothes on the slopes. Frequent direct flights from Abu Dhabi take just two-and-a-half hours, and Beirut’s city-centre airport makes for short transfers, so Lebanon is a highly practical alternative to a short break in the Alps. LEBANON There is only one national museum in Lebanon located in Mathaf Museums & Square in Beirut but there are lots of specialized private museums Art Galleries and Art Galleries. Thank You .

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Part 2 (Bcharre)
The Study on the Integrated Tourism Development Plan in the Republic of Lebanon Final Report Vol. 3 Feasibility Study Report (1) Fauna and Flora During the construction phase, fauna and flora will be not negatively impacted because of the tourism facilities will be constructed avoiding the inhabiting areas of important fauna and flora. (2) Air Pollution, Noise During the construction and operating phases air quality and noise will not be negatively impacted because that the construction will be not so large scale and the increase of tourist vehicles is not so much comparing present amount. (3) Water Quality, Solid Waste During the construction and operating phases water quality and solid waste will not be negatively impacted because that the construction will be not so large scale and the increase of tourist excreta is not so much comparing present amount. (4) Other Items During the construction and operating phases all of other items will not be negatively impacted. Part 2 (Bcharre) 2.1 EXISTING CONDITIONS Exhibits 9 and 10 present sensitive eco-system and land cover for Bcharre Qaza. ANNEX-15 The Study on the Integrated Tourism Development Plan in the Republic of Lebanon Final Report Vol. 3 Feasibility Study Report tem Map s Figure 9 Sensitive Ecosy Qnat Bcharre Qaza ANNEX-16 The Study on the Integrated Tourism Development Plan in the Republic of Lebanon Final Report Vol. 3 Feasibility Study Report Figure 10 Land Cover Map ANNEX-17 The Study on the Integrated Tourism Development Plan in the Republic of Lebanon Final Report Vol. 3 Feasibility Study Report 2.1.1 TOPOGRAPHY The study area could be divided into two main topographic units.
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The Psalms As Hymns in the Temple of Jerusalem Gary A
4 The Psalms as Hymns in the Temple of Jerusalem Gary A. Rendsburg From as far back as our sources allow, hymns were part of Near Eastern temple ritual, with their performers an essential component of the temple functionaries. 1 These sources include Sumerian, Akkadian, and Egyptian texts 2 from as early as the third millennium BCE. From the second millennium BCE, we gain further examples of hymns from the Hittite realm, even if most (if not all) of the poems are based on Mesopotamian precursors.3 Ugarit, our main source of information on ancient Canaan, has not yielded songs of this sort in 1. For the performers, see Richard Henshaw, Female and Male: The Cu/tic Personnel: The Bible and Rest ~(the Ancient Near East (Allison Park, PA: Pickwick, 1994) esp. ch. 2, "Singers, Musicians, and Dancers," 84-134. Note, however, that this volume does not treat the Egyptian cultic personnel. 2. As the reader can imagine, the literature is ~xtensive, and hence I offer here but a sampling of bibliographic items. For Sumerian hymns, which include compositions directed both to specific deities and to the temples themselves, see Thorkild Jacobsen, The Harps that Once ... : Sumerian Poetry in Translation (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987), esp. 99-142, 375--444. Notwithstanding the much larger corpus of Akkadian literarure, hymn~ are less well represented; see the discussion in Alan Lenzi, ed., Reading Akkadian Prayers and Hymns: An Introduction, Ancient Near East Monographs (Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2011), 56-60, with the most important texts included in said volume. For Egyptian hymns, see Jan A%mann, Agyptische Hymnen und Gebete, Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis (Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1999); Andre Barucq and Frarn;:ois Daumas, Hymnes et prieres de /'Egypte ancienne, Litteratures anciennes du Proche-Orient (Paris: Cerf, 1980); and John L.
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Treasures of Lebanon
Treasures‘A classical tour of theof Paris Lebanon of the East’ Visiting cosmopolitan Beirut, the ancient Roman ruins of Baalbek, the breathtaking scenery of The Cedars, sophisticated Byblos and the historical cities of Tyre, Sidon and Tripoli. Enjoy gastronomic food, great wines and explore beautiful Lebanon with expert guidance throughout. Detail of a sarcophagus with the legend of Achilleus in marble in The National Museum of Beirut. The sarcophagus was Found in Tyre and dates from the 2nd C AD. This relief is in the tradition of classical Greek Art. Tyre, situated on the Lebanese coast south of the capital was founded by the Phoenicians to become the first commercial metropolis in the world and from here their economic empire expanded. The sarcophagus of King Hirman of Tyre was found here and there remains the ruins that escaped the destruction of the Assyrians, the Persians and the Arabs. Sidon lies 25 miles south of Beirut and today is known as Saida. During a moment in history the principal port out of which the Phoenicians sailed to conquer the Mediterranean world, and perhaps farther, culturally and commercially. The city was constantly harassed by invaders and the naval fortress became the symbol of the city. Deir el Qamar is unique in Lebanon; a town restored and maintained in a style many centuries old. Deir el Qamar not only preserves its grand feudal architecture, but also its old stepped streets, walled gardens and picturesque corners. The Beiteddine Palace complex is the country’s best example of early 19th century Lebanese architecture. The most spectacular view of the palace and its surroundings is from the village of Deir el Qamar.
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New Jurassic Amber Outcrops from Lebanon Youssef Nohra, Dany Azar, Raymond Gèze, Sibelle Maksoud, Antoine El-Samrani, Vincent Perrichot
New Jurassic amber outcrops from Lebanon Youssef Nohra, Dany Azar, Raymond Gèze, Sibelle Maksoud, Antoine El-Samrani, Vincent Perrichot To cite this version: Youssef Nohra, Dany Azar, Raymond Gèze, Sibelle Maksoud, Antoine El-Samrani, et al.. New Jurassic amber outcrops from Lebanon. Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews, Brill, 2013, 6, pp.27-51. 10.1163/18749836-06021056. insu-00844560 HAL Id: insu-00844560 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00844560 Submitted on 15 Jul 2013 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. TAR Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews 6 (2013) 27–51 brill.com/tar New Jurassic amber outcrops from Lebanon Youssef Nohra1,2,3, Dany Azar1,*, Raymond Gèze1, Sibelle Maksoud1, Antoine El-Samrani1,2 and Vincent Perrichot3 1Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences II, Department of Natural Sciences, Fanar – Matn PO box 26110217, Lebanon e-mail: [email protected] 2Lebanese University, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology – PRASE, Hadath, Lebanon 3Geosciences Rennes (UMR CNRS 6118), Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, building 15, 263, avenue du General-Leclerc, 35042 Rennes cedex, France *Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected] Received on October 1, 2012.
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529 – the Cedars of Lebanon
Sermon #529 Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit 1 THE CEDARS OF LEBANON NO. 529 A SERMON DELIVERED ON SUNDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 13, 1863, BY THE REV. C. H. SPURGEON, AT THE METROPOLITAN TABERNACLE, NEWINGTON. “The trees of the Lord are full of sap, the cedars of Lebanon, which He has planted.” Psalm 104:16. IF Solomon were here this morning, who spoke of all trees, from the hyssop on the wall to the cedar that is in Lebanon, he would greatly instruct us in the natural history of the cedar and, at the same time, uttering allegories and proverbs of wisdom, he would give us apples of gold in baskets of silver! But since the Lord Jesus Christ has said, “Lo, I am with you always, even to the end of the world,” we can dispense with the company of Solomon, for if Christ is present, behold, a greater than Solomon is here! Solomon probably would confine his remarks simply to the physical conformation and botany of the wonderful tree, but our Lord, I trust, will speak to our hearts, this morning, concerning those who are “planted in the courts of the Lord,” and therefore, flourish like cedars. May our communications, this morning, be blessed to us while we talk of those trees of the Lord, those plants of His own right hand planting which grow in the garden of the Lord! I shall have to say some things, this morning, which are not for beginners in the gospel school; I shall have to handle some lofty matters which belong to the most advanced of the Lord’s family, for Lebanon is a high hill, and the ascent is very craggy.
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Cultural Background
Cultural Background Funerary Patterns in Lebanon—From the Bronze Age to the Roman Period By Signe Krag 2 Hellenistic Cities in the Levant By Eva Mortensen 8 Hellenistic and Roman Sarcophagi in the Levant By Philip Ebeling 12 Maron and the Maronites By Niels Bargfeldt 19 1 Agora nr. 8 2011 Funerary Patterns in Lebanon—From the Bronze Age to the Roman Period By Signe Krag During the Bronze Age inhumation burials were the Photo: Signe Krag common practice in Lebanon. The evidence is very limited, but it suggests that several types of burials were used at the same time, namely jar burials (with inhumed infants and small children), rock-cut tombs, pit graves, cist graves and hypogea with chambers and possible sarcophagi. The burial gifts seem to have been placed in the graves according to the sex of the deceased, as men are often buried with weapons and women are buried with domes- tic objects and jewellery. Furthermore, luxury items are placed in some of the graves, a fact which sug- gests the existence of a society with marked social differences. At Sidon we find evidence for the prac- tice of animal sacrifice, and ovens that are placed at Fig. 1: The sarcophagus of Ahiram depicting mourning women. the graves suggest a belief in the afterlife of the deceased. On the sarcophagus of Ahiram from Byblos are depictions of mourning women which could tell us how the deceased was mourned. The evidence comes mainly from Beirut, Sidon and Byblos. During the Iron Age both inhumation and cremation burials were in use.
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Layout CAZA AAKAR.Indd
Qada’ Akkar North Lebanon Qada’ Al-Batroun Qada’ Bcharre Monuments Recreation Hotels Restaurants Handicrafts Bed & Breakfast Furnished Apartments Natural Attractions Beaches Qada’ Al-Koura Qada’ Minieh - Dinieh Qada’ Tripoli Qada’ Zgharta North Lebanon Table of Contents äÉjƒàëªdG Qada’ Akkar 1 QÉµY AÉ°†b Map 2 á£jôîdG A’aidamoun 4-27 ¿ƒeó«Y Al-Bireh 5-27 √ô«ÑdG Al-Sahleh 6-27 á∏¡°ùdG A’andaqet 7-28 â≤æY A’arqa 8-28 ÉbôY Danbo 9-29 ƒÑfO Deir Jenine 10-29 ø«æL ôjO Fnaideq 11-29 ¥ó«æa Haizouq 12-30 ¥hõ«M Kfarnoun 13-30 ¿ƒfôØc Mounjez 14-31 õéæe Qounia 15-31 É«æb Akroum 15-32 ΩhôcCG Al-Daghli 16-32 »∏ZódG Sheikh Znad 17-33 OÉfR ï«°T Al-Qoubayat 18-33 äÉ«Ñ≤dG Qlaya’at 19-34 äÉ©«∏b Berqayel 20-34 πjÉbôH Halba 21-35 ÉÑ∏M Rahbeh 22-35 ¬ÑMQ Zouk Hadara 23-36 √QGóM ¥hR Sheikh Taba 24-36 ÉHÉW ï«°T Akkar Al-A’atiqa 25-37 á≤«à©dG QÉµY Minyara 26-37 √QÉ«æe Qada’ Al-Batroun 69 ¿hôàÑdG AÉ°†b Map 40 á£jôîdG Kouba 42-66 ÉHƒc Bajdarfel 43-66 πaQóéH Wajh Al-Hajar 44-67 ôéëdG ¬Lh Hamat 45-67 äÉeÉM Bcha’aleh 56-68 ¬∏©°ûH Kour (or Kour Al-Jundi) 47-69 (…óæédG Qƒc hCG) Qƒc Sghar 48-69 QÉ¨°U Mar Mama 49-70 ÉeÉe QÉe Racha 50-70 É°TGQ Kfifan 51-70 ¿ÉØ«Øc Jran 52-71 ¿GôL Ram 53-72 ΩGQ Smar Jbeil 54-72 π«ÑL QÉª°S Rachana 55-73 ÉfÉ°TGQ Kfar Helda 56-74 Gó∏MôØc Kfour Al-Arabi 57-74 »Hô©dG QƒØc Hardine 58-75 øjOôM Ras Nhash 59-75 ¢TÉëf ¢SGQ Al-Batroun 60-76 ¿hôàÑdG Tannourine 62-78 øjQƒæJ Douma 64-77 ÉehO Assia 65-79 É«°UCG Qada’ Bcharre 81 …ô°ûH AÉ°†b Map 82 á£jôîdG Beqa’a Kafra 84-97 GôØc ´É≤H Hasroun 85-98 ¿hô°üM Bcharre 86-97 …ô°ûH Al-Diman 88-99 ¿ÉªjódG Hadath
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Stakeholder Engagement Plan 9 October 2018 CEPF Grant 108784
Stakeholder Engagement Plan 9 October 2018 CEPF Grant 108784 Friends of Nature CONSERVING LEBANON ENDEMIC FLORA THROUGH COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT Also serving as Stakeholder Engagement Plan for CEPF Grant 108497 Université Saint Joseph CONSERVER ET VALORISER LE PATRIMOINE BOTANIQUE UNIQUE DU LIBAN Orontes Valley and Levantine Mountains Grant Summary 1. Grantee organization: The Friends of Nature 2. Grant title: CONSERVING LEBANON ENDEMIC FLORA THROUGH COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, AND CONSERVER ET VALORISER LE PATRIMOINE BOTANIQUE UNIQUE DU LIBAN 3. Grant number : CEPF-108784 & 108497 4. Grant amount (US dollars): 154,860 + 135,035 = 289,895 US$ 5. Proposed dates of grant : October 2018 – October 2020 6. Countries or territories where project will be undertaken: Orontes Valley and Levantine Mountains 7. Date of preparation of this document : 9 October 2018 8. Introduction: The two projects address the conservation of 7 priority sites in 3 KBAs where critically endangered floral species and endemic plants of restricted distribution ranges occur. The type of activities vary from one site to the other, and call for different approaches. § Bcharri – Makmel region : the project will explore the feasibility of conservation and the study of conservation measures through a community participatory approach. An action plan and a management plan will be prepared within the framework of this project for the eventual creation of a micro-reserve or other innovative forms of conservation measures; however, no restrictions are foreseen within the project mandate. § Kneisseh summit : the project will explore the feasibility of conservation and the study of conservation measures through a community participatory approach. An action plan and a management plan will be prepared within the framework of this project for the eventual creation of a micro-reserve or other innovative forms of conservation measures; however, no restrictions are foreseen within the project mandate.
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Lebanon’S National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan
Lebanon’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan Republic of Lebanon Ministry of Environment BACKGROUND INFORMATION The Revision/Updating of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) of Lebanon was conducted using funds from: The Global Environment Facility (GEF) 1818 H Street, NW, Mail Stop P4-400 Washington, DC 20433 USA Tel: (202) 473-0508 Fax: (202) 522-3240/3245 Web: www.thegef.org Project title: Lebanon: Biodiversity - Enabling Activity for the Revision/Updating of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) and Preparation of the 5th National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), and Undertaking Clearing House Mechanism (CHM) Activities (GFL-2328-2716-4C37) Focal Point: Ms. Lara Samaha CBD Focal Point Head of Department of Ecosystems Ministry of Environment Assistant: Ms. Nada R Ghanem Managing Partner: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) GEF Biodiversity, Land Degradation and Biosafety Unit Division of Environmental Policy Implementation (DEPI) UNEP Nairobi, Kenya P.O.Box: 30552 - 00100, Nairobi, Kenya Web: www.unep.org Executing Partner: Ministry of Environment – Lebanon Department of Ecosystems Lazarieh Center, 8th floor P.O Box: 11-2727 Beirut, Lebanon Tel: +961 1 976555 Fax: +961 1 976535 Web: www.moe.gov.lb Sub-Contracted Partner: Earth Link and Advanced Resources Development (ELARD) Amaret Chalhoub - Zalka Highway Fallas Building, 2nd Floor Tel: +961 1 888305 Fax: +961 896793 Web: www.elard-group.com Authors: Mr. Ricardo Khoury Ms. Nathalie Antoun Ms. Nayla Abou Habib Contributors: All stakeholders listed under Appendices C and D of this report have contributed to its preparation. Dr. Carla Khater, Dr. Manal Nader, and Dr.
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The Cedars of God Is One of the Last Vestiges of the Extensive Forests of the Cedars of Lebanon That Thrived Across Mount Lebanon in Ancient Times
The Unique Experience! The Cedars of God is one of the last vestiges of the extensive forests of the Cedars of Lebanon that thrived across Mount Lebanon in ancient times. Their timber was exploited by the Phoenicians, the Assyrians, Babylonians and Persians. The wood was prized by Egyptians for shipbuilding; the Ottoman Empire also used the cedars in railway construction. Haret Hreik | Hadi Nasrallah Blvd. | Hoteit Bldg. 1st Floor | Beirut, Lebanon Phone: 961 1 55 15 66 Mobile: 961 76 63 53 93 www.elajouztravel.com Ehden Ehden is a mountainous town situated in the heart of the northern mountains of Lebanon and on the southwestern slopes of Mount Makmal in the Mount Lebanon Range. Its residents are the people of Zgharta, as it is within the Zgharta District. Becharreh Bsharri is a town at an altitude of about 1,500 m (4,900 ft) in the Kadisha Valley in northern Lebanon. It is located in the Bsharri District of the North Governorate. Bsharri is the town of the only remaining Original Cedars of Lebanon, and is the birthplace of the famous poet, painter and sculptor Khalil Gibran who now has a museum in the town to honor him. Haret Hreik | Hadi Nasrallah Blvd. | Hoteit Bldg. 1st Floor | Beirut, Lebanon Phone: 961 1 55 15 66 Mobile: 961 76 63 53 93 www.elajouztravel.com Gibran Khalil Gibran Museum The Gibran Museum, formerly the Monastery of Mar Sarkis, is a biographical museum in Bsharri, Lebanon, 120 kilometres from Beirut. It is dedicated to the Lebanese artist, writer and philosopher Khalil Gibran.
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Lebanon and Cyprus: Civilisations of the Eastern Mediterranean 2022
Lebanon and Cyprus: Civilisations of the Eastern Mediterranean 2022 29 SEP – 19 OCT 2022 Code: 22241 Tour Leaders Tony O’Connor Physical Ratings Join archaeologist Tony O'Connor and discover the rich history of the Eastern Mediterranean through the archaeology, art and architecture of Lebanon and Cyprus. Overview Join Tony O'Connor archaeologist, museum professional and experienced tour lecturer to discover the rich history of the Eastern Mediterranean through the archaeology, art and architecture of Cyprus and Lebanon. In Cyprus, Tony will be assisted by archaeologist David Pearlman, who has worked on a number of excavations including the Late Bronze Age settlement at Ayios Dimitrios. Lebanon Explore some of the world’s oldest, continuously inhabited cities such as Beirut, Tyre, Sidon and Byblos; discover their diverse history from 5000 BC to the 21st century. Explore the coastal city of Tyre, famous for its purple dye (Tyrian purple) made from Murex sea snails and featuring extensive Roman ruins. View the wonderful Roman temple complex of Baalbek including the monumental Temple of Jupiter and the finely carved Temple of Bacchus. Explore the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Umayyad city of Anjar, a commercial centre at the crossroads of two important trade routes. Chart the history of the Phoenicians in archaeological sites like the Obelisk Temple at Byblos Archaeological Site, as well as remains in Lebanon’s coastal cities. Explore Crusader Castles in Lebanon and Cyprus: the Citadel of Raymond de Saint-Gilles in Tripoli, the Sea Castle of Sidon, the Castle of Kolossi and the St Hilarion Castle near Kyrenia. In Tripoli wander the atmospheric Old City famous for its medieval Mamluk architecture including colourful souqs, hammams, khans, mosques and madrasas.
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Lebanon Presenation
Qadisha Valley and the Cedars of Lebanon The Cedars of God Arz ar-Rabb “Cedars of the Lord”) is one of the last vestiges of the extensive forestsب رﻻ زرأ :The Cedars of God (Arabic • of the Lebanon Cedar,Cedrus libani , that once thrived across Mount Lebanon in ancient times. • Their timber was exploited by the Phoenicians, Egyptians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, Romans, and Turks.The wood was prized by Egyptians for ship building;the Ottoman Empire used the cedars in railway construction. Mountains of Lebanon Mountains of Lebanon and Interesting Myths. • The Mountains of Lebanon were once shaded by thick cedar forests and the tree is the symbol of the country. • It was once said that a battle occurred between the demigods and the humans over the beautiful and divine forest of Cedar trees near southern Mesopotamia. • This forest, once protected by the Sumerian God Enlil, was completely bared of its trees when humans entered its grounds 4700 years ago, after winning the battle against the guardians of the forest. • The story also tells that Gilgamesh used cedar wood to build his city. History and Biblical History • The Phoenicians used the Cedars Woods for their merchant fleets. • The Egyptians used cedar resin for the mummification process and the cedar wood for some of “their first hieroglyph bearing rolls of papyrus”. • In the Bible, Solomon procured cedar timber to build the Temple in Jerusalem. • During World War I, British troops used cedar to build railroads. • In 1876, Queen Victoria paid for a high stone wall to protect the cedars of God from browsing by goats • The emperor Hadrian claimed these forests as an imperial domain, and destruction of the cedar forests was temporarily halted.
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