Index

Achatina fulica, 145 ascariasis, 17 acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), 245 Astrakhan fever (AF), 95 acute hemolytic anemia (AHA), 29 Avian influenza (A/H5N1), 7, 39, 189 Aedes aegypti, 33, 205, 273 Aedes africanus, 273 Babesia divergens, 131 Aedes albopictus, 33, 199, 205 Babesia duncani, 131 global distribution, 32, 33 Babesia microti, 131 spread of infection, 33 Babesia venatorum, 131 temperate strains of, 33 babesiosis, 131 Aedes apicoargenteus, 273 Bacillus anthracis. See Anthrax Aedes camptorhynchus, 191 Barmah forest, 191 Aedes furcifer, 273 Barmah forest virus (BFV), 191 Aedes hensilli, 273 Bartonella bacilliformis,45 Aedes luteocephalus, 273 Bartonella quintana,47 Aedes nivaeus, 205 bartonellosis, 45, 47 Aedes normanensis, 191 oroya fever cases, 44 Aedes notoscriptus, 191 BCG vaccination, 105 Aedes scutellaris, 205 biodiversity, 3 Aedes triseriatus, 197 bird migration, 39 Aedes furcifer-taylori complex spp, 205 black flies, 23 Aedes vigilax, 191 Blastomyces dermatitidis, 113 Aedes vittatus, 273 blastomycosis, 113 African tick bite fever (ATBF), 95 blood-borne viruses, 7, 13 air travel routes, 8, 9 Bordetella parapertussis,81 A/H1N1 subtype, novel influenza, 9 Bordetella pertussis,81 Ajellomyces dermatitidis, 113 Borrelia burgdoferi,39 Amblyomma africanum,95 Borrelia burgdorferi,73 Amblyomma americanum,93 Borrelia lusitaniae,73 Amblyomma cajennense,93 Borrelia recurrentis,91 Amblyomma hebraeum,95 Borrelia spielmanii,73 Amblyomma maculatum,93 botulinum toxin, 49 amebiases, 17, 127 botulism, 49 Ancylostoma duodenale, 153 Boutonneuse fever, 95 ancylostomiasis, 153 Bradypus tridactylus, 243 Angiostrongylus cantonensis, 145 brucellosis, 37, 51 anisakiasis, 129 Brugia malayi, 151 anisakidosis, 129 COPYRIGHTEDBru gMATERIALia timori, 151 Anopheles dirus,35 bulbar polio, 245 anthrax, 7, 13, 37, 43 Bundibugyo virus (BDBV), 209 antibiotics, 27 Bunyamwera viral fever, 193 in agriculture, 27 Bunyavirus group C disease, 195 usage, 26, 27 Burkholderia mallei,75 antimicrobial resistance, 7, 27 Burkholderia pseudomallei, 21, 75 arbovirus, 33 Buruli ulcer, 53

Atlas of Human Infectious Diseases, First Edition. Heiman F.L. Wertheim, Peter Horby and John P. Woodall. 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Published 2012 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 276 Index

California group virus disease, 197 diphtheria, 13, 57 Calodium hepaticum, 133 diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine Calymmatobacterium granulomatis,59 (DTP3), 31 Campylobacter, 17, 37 diphyllobothriasis, 139 Cannomys badius, 123 donovanosis, 59 Capillaria aerophila, 133 dracunculiasis, 17, 141 Capillaria hepatica, 133 Dracunculus medinensis, 141 Capillaria philippinensis, 133 drinking water, 7 capillariasis, 133 source, 17 carbapenem-resistant bacteria (NDM-1), 27 target, 17 Chagas disease, 23, 185 droughts, 25 chikungunya fever, 33, 199 drug-resistance in bacteria, 27 chikungunya virus (CHIKV), 199 drug-resistant tuberculosis, 105 childhood nutrition, 19 Duffy antigen, 29 child mortality, 14. See also life expectancy dysentery, 13 Chlamydia trachomatis, 103 cholera, 13, 17, 55 earthquakes, 25 chronic war, adverse effects of, 15 eastern equine encephalitis, 207 Chrysops dimidiata, 161 eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), 207 Chrysops distinctipennis, 161 Ebola hemorrhagic fever, 13, 209 Chrysops silacea, 161 Ebola viruses, 23, 209 clean water, access to, 16 echinococcosis, 143 climate change, 17, 21 Echinococcus multilocularis, 143 Koppen classification, 21 E. coli., 17, 37 climate-dependent pathogen, 21 economic development, 11 clonorchiasis, 135 education, 7 Clonorchis sinensis, 135 ehrlichioses, 61 Clostridium barati,49 El Nin˜o Southern Oscillation (ENSO), 21 Clostridium botulinum,49 emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), 2, 3 Clostridium tetani, 101 endemic treponematosis, 62, 63 coccidioidomycosis, 115 Entamoeba dispar, 127 Coccidioides immitis, 21, 115 Entamoeba histolytica, 127 Coccidioides posadasii, 115 Entamoeba moshkovskii, 127 cod worm disease, 129 eosinophilic meningitis, 144, 145 Colorado tick fever, 201 European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Colorado tick fever virus (CTFV), 201 (EARSS), 27 Coquillettidia linealis, 191 European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC) Corynebacterium diphtheriae,57 project, 27 Corynebacterium ulcerans,57 extrapulmonary tuberculosis, 105 Coxiella burnetii,37 Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever, 37, 203 Falciparum, 163 Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), 203 Fasciola gigantica, 147 Cryptococcus gattii,23 Fasciola hepatica, 147 Cryptosporidiosis, 17 fascioliasis, 37, 147 Culex annulirostris, 191 fasciolopsiasis, 149 Culex tarsalis, 267 Fasciolopsis buski, 149 Culicoides paraensis, 243 filariasis, 151 Culiseta melanura, 207 Flinders Island spotted fever (FISF), 95 cyclones, 25 floods, 25 cysticercosis, 137 food-borne infections, 7 forest-adapted malaria vectors, 35 deforestation, 23 forest associated infections, 23 dengue fever (DF), 21, 33, 205 forest cover change, 22, 23 dengue virus (DENV), 205 forest resources assessment (FRA), 23 Dermacentor andersoni, 93, 201 Francisella novicida, 107 Dermacentor variabilis,93 Francisella tularensis, 107 diarrhea, 7, 17, 19 Fusobacterium necrophorum,79 deaths, of young children, 17 Fusobacterium nucleatum,79 Index 277

G6PD. See glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1), 227 Gambian trypanosomiasis, 183 hydrophobia, 247 German measles, 253 hygiene, 17 Giardiasis, 17 Gilchrist disease, 113 IBDs. See inherited blood disorders (IBDs) Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI), 31 immunity, 19, 21 global burden of infectious diseases, 11 immunization, 9, 31 global conflict, 13 coverage global connectivity, 8, 9 Hib3, 64 major air travel routes, 8, 9 measles, 234 globalization, 9 mumps, 238 global peace index (GPI), 12, 13 rubella, 252 Glossina. See Tsetse fly tetanus, 101 Glossina fuscipes, 183 programs, 13 Glossina morsitans, 183 indian tick typhus (ITT), 95 Glossina pallidipes, 183 indoor residual insecticide spraying (IRS), 35 Glossina palpalis, 183 infantile paralysis, 245 Glossina swynnertoni, 183 infectious parotitis, 239 Glossina tachinoides, 183 influenza, 7, 13, 37 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, 29 avian, 189 Gnathostoma spinigerum, 145 inherited blood disorders (IBDs), 29 GPI. See global peace index (GPI) Duffy antigen, 28, 29 gross domestic product (GDP), 10, 11 Inkoo virus (INKV), 197 Guaroa virus (GROV), 197 insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs), 35 Guinea worm disease, 141 Israeli spotted fever (ISF), 95 Ixodes dammini,73 Haemophilus influenzae type b, 65 Ixodes persulcatus, 73, 261 Hantaviral disease, 211, 212, 213 Ixodes ricinus, 73, 261 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), 211 Ixodes scapularis,73 HDI. See human development index (HDI) healthcare-associated infections, 7 Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV), 197 hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), 213 Japanese B encephalitis, 33, 37, 39, 229 Hendra virus, 214, 215 Hendra virus disease, 215 Karelian fever, 257 hepatitis A, 17 Katayama syndrome, 177, 179 HAV seroprevalence, 216 Klebsiella granulomatis,59 hepatitis A virus (HAV), 217 Knowlesi malaria, 165 hepatitis B Kyasanur forest virus, 23 distribution of HBV genotypes, 218 hepatitis B virus (HBV), 219 LaCrosse virus (LACV), 33, 197 hepatitis C, 220, 221 Lassa fever, 231 hepatitis C virus (HCV), 221 Lassa fever virus (LFV), 231 hepatitis E, 17, 223 Leishmania chagasi, 159 hepatitis E virus (HEV), 223 Leishmania donovani, 159 Herring worm disease, 129 Leishmania infantum, 159 Histoplasma capsulatum, 117 leishmaniasis Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii, 117 cutaneous and mucosal, 154–157 histoplasmosis, 116, 117 visceral, 158, 159 HIV/AIDS epidemic, 15 leprosy, 66, 67 hookworm. See Ancylostomiasis Leptospira interrogans,69 hookworm disease, 17 leptospirosis, 37, 69 HTLV-1. See human T-lymphotropic virus 1 Leptotrombidium,97 human development index (HDI), 10, 11 life expectancy, 14, 15 human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), 61 Listeria monocytogenes, 37, 71 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 224, 225 listeriosis, 37, 71 M-subtypes and recombinants, 224 livestock density, 37 human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME), 61 Lloviu virus (LLOV), 209 human pathogen diversity, 21 Loa loa, 161 278 Index loiasis, 161 Opisthorchis viverrini, 173 louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF), 91 Orf virus, 37 Lutzomyia verrucarum,45 Orientia tsutsugamushi,97 lyme disease, 39, 73 Oropouche virus (OROV), 243 Oropouche virus disease, 243 malaria, 13, 19, 21, 23, 25, 167, 169. See also Falciparum malaria; overnutrition, 19 Knowlesi malaria malaria vectors, 35 paludism, 167 malnutrition, 19 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, 121 Marburg hemorrhagic fever, 209 paracoccidioidomycosis, 121 Marburg virus, 23, 209 paragonimiasis Mayaro virus (MAYV), 233 Pediculus humanus corporis,47 measles, 13, 19, 235 penicilliosis, 123 measles virus, 235 Penicillium marneffei, 123 Medina worm disease, 141 pentavalent botulinum toxoid (PBT) vaccine, 49 Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF), 95 pertussis, 13, 81 melioidosis, 75 Pharaoh worm disease, 141 meningococcal meningitis. See also eosinophilic meningitis, 77 pharyngeal fascioliasis, 147 micronutrient deficiency, 19 piroplasmosis, 131 monkeypox, 23, 237 plague, 83 monkeypox virus (MPV), 237 Plasmodium falciparum, 29, 163 mucocutaneous leishmanisasis, 23 Plasmodium knowlesi, 23, 29, 165 mumps, 239 Plasmodium ovale, 167 mumps virus, 239 Plasmodium vivax, 29, 169 mycetoma, 119 chloroquine-resistant, 168 Mycobacterium africanum, 105 Duffy-negativity prevalence, 168 Mycobacterium bovis, 105 pneumococcal disease, 85 Mycobacterium canetti, 105 pneumococcal vaccine, immunization program, 84 Mycobacterium leprae,67 pneumonia, 17, 19, 25 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 105 Pogosta disease, 257 Mycobacterium ulcerans,53 polio, 13 poliomyelitis, 13, 245 Nantucket fever, 131 political stability, 13 natural disasters, 25 Pomacea canaliculata, 145 global cyclone hazard distribution, 24 population density, 4, 5 global drought hazard distribution, 24 urban growth, 7 global earthquake hazard distribution, 24 population in urban slums, 6 global flood hazard distribution, 24 poverty, 11 infectious diseases, significance for, 25 pseudaterranovosis, 129 natural hazards. See natural disasters public health surveillance systems, 13 Necator americanus, 153 purchasing power parity (PPP), 11 necatoriasis, 153 Neisseria meningitidis,77 Q fever, 37, 87 neurocysticercosis, 137 Queensland tick typhus (QTT), 95 Nipah virus, 23, 37, 215 noma, 79 rabies, 247 non-communicable diseases, 11 rabies virus, 247 rat bite fever, 89 Ochlerotatus melanimon, 267 Ravn virus (RAVV), 209 Ochlerotatus vigilax, 191 relapsing fever, 91 Ockelbo disease, 257 respiratory infections, 13, 17 Onchocerca volvulus, 171 Reston virus (RESTV), 209 onchocerciasis, 23, 171 Rhipicephalus sanguineus, 93, 95 o’nyong-nyong virus (ONNV), 241 Rhizomys pruinosus, 123 o’nyong-nyong virus disease, 241 Rhizomys sinensis, 123 opisthorchiasis, 173 Rhizomys sumatrensis, 123 Opisthorchis felineus, 173 Rhodesian trypanosomiasis, 183 Index 279

Rickettsia africae, 93, 95 slum dwelling, increased risks of diseases, 7 Rickettsia australis,95 smallpox, 13 Rickettsia conorii caspia,95 snowshoe hare virus (SSHV), 197 Rickettsia conorii conorii,95 social disruption, 11 Rickettsia conorii indica,95 socioeconomic development, 21 Rickettsia conorii israelensis,95 soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), 153 Rickettsia aeschlimannii,95 St Louis encephalitis, 39 Rickettsia helvetica,95 Streptococcus pneumoniae,85 Rickettsia honei,95 Streptococcus suis, 37, 99 Rickettsia japonica,95 strongyloidiasis, 181 Rickettsia massiliae,95 Strongyloides fuelleborni, 181 Rickettsia parkeri,93 Strongyloides stercoralis, 181 Rickettsia rickettsii, 92, 93, 94 Sudan virus (SUDV), 209 Rickettsia sibirica,95 Rickettsia tsutsugamushi,97 tacaribe complex virus disease, 259 Rickettsioses, 92–95 Taenia saginata, 137 Rift Valley fever, 21, 37, 249 Taenia solium, 137 Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), 249 Tahyna virus (TAHV), 197 Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), 93 Taı forest virus (TAFV), 209 Ross river virus (RRV), 191 tetanus, 101 rotaviral enteritis, 251 thalassemia, 29 rotavirus, 17 tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), 261 rubella, 253 tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF), 91 rubella virus, 253 trachoma, 17, 103 rural areas, 7 trichuriasis, 17 rural populations, 5 tropical fever, 167 Trypanosoma brucei, 183 Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, 183 Typhi (S. Typhi), 109 Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, 183 sanitation, 7, 17 Trypanosoma cruzi, 23, 185 access to, 16 trypanosomiasis, 37, 183 SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV), 255 African, 183 scabies, 17 American, 185 Schistosoma guineensis, 177 Tsetse fly, 183 Schistosoma haematobium, 109, 177 tsutsugamushi disease, 97 Schistosoma intercalatum, 177 tuberculosis, 7, 19, 25, 105 Schistosoma japonicum, 179 tularemia, 107 Schistosoma malayensis, 179 typhoid fever, 7, 17, 109 Schistosoma mansoni, 177 Schistosoma mekongi, 179 uncinariasis, 153 schistosomiasis, 17, 177 undernutrition, 19 Africa & Americas, 177 urbanization, 6, 7, 17, 37 Asia, 179 significance for infections, 7 scrub typhus, 97 trends, 7 sealworm disease, 129 uruma fever, 233 Semliki forest virus, 23 Sennetsu fever, 61 vaccination, 25, 30, 31 serpent worm disease, 141 coverage, 30, 31 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), 7, 9, 255 variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, 263 sexually transmitted infections, 13 vector-borne diseases, 7, 13, 25 sickle cell disease, 29 vector control, 13 sickle hemoglobin (HbS), 29 Venezuelan equine encephalitis, 264, 265 simian variola, 237 Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever, 23 Sindbis fever, 257 Sindbis virus (SINV), 257 water-based infections, 17 sleeping sickness, 183 water-borne infections, 17, 25 280 Index

Western equine encephalitis, 39, 267 world’s urban population, 7 Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV), 267 Wucheraria bancrofti, 151 West Nile fever, 269 West Nile virus (WNV), 39, 269 yellow fever, 13, 23, 33, 271 whaleworm disease, 129 Yersinia pestis. See plague world climate zones, 20 world population, 4, 5 Zika fever, 273