WATER USE MASTER PLAN JHAPRA VDC

(VOLUME I)

MAIN REPORT

SEPTEMBER, 2009

WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE, JHAPRA JAJARKOT

SUPPORTED BY: EU- LIVE-P/ HELVETAS

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Water Resources Management Committee of Jhapra VDC of Jajarkot District is proud to present a holistic water related plan i.e. Water Use Master Plan (WUMP) as a product of series activities like institutional development, capacity buildings, social/resource mapping, need identification, assessment of existing and potential schemes, prioritization of schemes, service level of water supply condition/ hardship ranking etc.

Water resources Management Committee express its sincere gratitude to Livelihood Improvement for Vulnerable and Excluded Programme (LIVE-P) for their financial support and Water Resources Management Programme (WARM-P) of Helvetas/Nepal for their technical and support.

We also thankful to CEMECA Human Resources Academy (P) Ltd, Anamnagar Kathmandu for preparation of WUMP report and to Social NGO – Human Rights and Environment Development center (HUREDC) for conducting social assessment in preparing the WUMP.

Water Resources Management Committee is grateful to Club Building of the VDC for providing the hall, ground and other logistic support during the course of this WUMP preparation.

Last but not least we would like to express our sincere gratitude for the sub-committee members and local communities of Jhapra VDC for their full support and co-operations.

Water Resources Management Committee Jhapra VDC, Jajarkot District FOREWORD

It is our great pleasure to get ready the Water Use Master Plan (WUMP) of Jhapra Village Development Committee, Jajarkot. The WUMP report has included inventories of all identified water sources, their present uses, existing water system, and need of further development in the VDC. The report has prioritized and ranked in a holistic manner of the proposed Water Supply, Source Protection, Irrigation, Environment and Ecology, Micro-Hydro, MUSA and Miscellaneous Schemes as demanded in the VDC. As we could realize the preparation of this document was not an easy task. It is a result of a very committed and consolidated effort made by the professionals at various levels and of intensive interaction with the community on resource identification, assessment, prioritization and mobilization.

We take this opportunity to appreciate their enthusiastic participation and substantive contribution. Special appreciation and thanks are extended to Livelihood Improvement for Vulnerable and Excluded Programme (LIVE-P) for their financial support, Water Resources Management Programme (WARM-P) of Helvetas/Nepal for their technical support and to CEMECA Human Resources Academy (P) Ltd. Anamnagar, Kathmandu for their efforts to prepare this document in the present state.

DDC, Jajarkot hopes that the WUMP will be viewed as a planning tool for the local government and the concerned sectoral agencies and VDC & Water Resources Management Committee (WRMC) shall take initiative in liaisoning and coordinating all potential agencies/ organizations for successful implementations of this WUMP. In the due course of its implementation, WRMC will develop a sound platform to improve the quality of life of the local people, environmental conditions, and increased opportunities to improve rural livelihoods through rational, equitable and sustainable use of water resources at the village level.

Finally, we hope that the DDC will get feedback and recommendations on the implementation of this WUMP so that in due course we can look forward to improving the WUMP in other VDCs as well as to updating this WUMP report.

District Development Committee (DDC) Jajarkot Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

BACKGROUND

General Jhapra VDC lies in the central part of Jajarkot district in Zone of Mid- Western Development Region. The VDC is situated at an average of 900 m to 2300 m height from mean sea level. It is surrounded by Archhani, Dhime and Pajaru VDCs in its north, Khalanga VDC in east, Karki Gaun and Dasera VDCs in its west, Punma VDC in its south. For the purpose of WUMP preparation and implementation the VDC is divided into 9 sub-committees.

Location and Accessibility Geographically, Jhapra VDC extends from the latitude of 28° 48' 2" N to 28° 42' 17" N and the longitude of 82° 3' 26" E to 82° 9' 44" E. Jhapra VDC has not been connected by motor able road Marka (Chheda) is the nearest road head of the VDC, which is located at a distance of about 25 km. Marka is located at a distance of about 100 km from Surkhet, thus Jhapra is about 125 km far from Surkhet. A motor able road starting from Chheda to Thalaha is under construction by WFP. Khalanga is the district headquarter and it takes about 10 hours on foot to reach the district headquarter from the center of the VDC. Thalaha is the local marketing centers of the VDC.

Physical Features (Topography, Landuse) The VDC is situated at an average of 900 m to 2300 m height from mean sea level having the total area of 54.03 sq km. The total area of the VDC falls under the watershed of Chheda khola. About 76.10 % of the VDC area is covered by jungle and 21.70 % is the cultivated land. Regarding the land use, minor part of the VDC is covered with grass, bush, sand and water bodies.

Climate The VDC lies in the Mid Mountain zone. Although the VDC does not have the climatological station in the area, the climatological records of Jajarkot may represent the corresponding meteorological data for the VDC. Monsoon remains from June to September and annual mean rainfall is measured to 1583 mm.

SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

Demography Jhapra VDC comprises of 981 households. VDC has a total population of 5894 out of which 2869 (48.68%) are male and 3025 (51.32 %) are female. The average house hold size of the VDC is 6.01, which is higher in comparison with the district average house hold size of 5.59 (2001) and national average size of 5.44(2001). The average households and population densities of the VDC are worked out to be 18.2 and 109.1 nos per sq km of land respectively.

Ethnicity The major ethnic groups residing in the VDC are Chhetri with 28.5 % followed by Magar, Kami, Thakuri, Damai, Sarki, Brahmin, Gosain, Lohar, Gaine, Badi respectively. Out of total population, which about 35.0% of total populations are Dalit group, 22.1% are Janjati group and 42.9% are of Others group.

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot

Culture The socio cultural practice of the all communities of this VDC is inherently shaped by a Hindu culture. The dominant case group is Chhetri followed by Sarki, Thakuri, Kami etc respectively. The important festivals celebrated in the road influenced area are Dasain, Tihar, Holi, Chatra Dasain, New Year, Maghe-Sakranti, Ashare Tihar, Janai Purnima, Pitri Puja, Teej, Bhadau Purnima, Shivaratri, Krishnastami and Mangsir Purnima. All the communities in the project area celebrate these festivals with mutual harmony and respect.

Education Among the total population 42.98% are illiterate and 57.02 % populations are found literate which is higher than the district average literacy rate of 39.36%. There are 9 primary schools and 3 secondary schools in the VDC. There are currently 2273 students studying in various schools of the VDC. Among which, 1141 are boys and the remaining are girls. Except these educational centers there is no other Formal or Non-formal Education (NFE) campaign in the VDC.

Occupation and Seasonal Migration Agriculture is the main occupation of the majority of the people. A few are doing business. Similarly, a few have service, labor as their occupation.

Agriculture and Livestock Subsistence agriculture with rising of livestock constitutes to be the major source of livelihood in the VDC. Depending on the topography of the agricultural land and available irrigation facilities, paddy and wheat are cultivated in Khet land, whereas maize and millet are the principal crops grown in Bari land. There is practiced that the wheat and paddy (Ghaiga-dhan – called Chhumrung) are also cultivated in Bari land Major vegetables grown in the VDC are potato, radish, gourd, pumpkin, cucumber, beans, onion and eggplant. The products are for their own consumption. Almost all the households rear domestic animals such as buffalo, cow, ox, goat, sheep, ducks and chicken.

Health The VDC has access to one sub-health posts located in Jhapra WRMSC 03. The sub-health post is run by an Auxiliary Health Worker and is really need of skilled and trained human resources. Moreover, the sub-health post needs the improvement of basic facilities. The people of the VDC are benefitted by only 8 nos of Female Community Health Volunteers. For minor health problems people get the service from health post, whereas for major health problems people go to Surkhet or to Nepalgunj, where there are a numbers of modern hospitals.

EXISTING WATER RESOURCES

General Water resources in the context of Nepal are very much essential for proper economic and social development of the nation. The same is true for Jhapra VDC, which has abundance of such sources. Some of the sources have been already utilized, some are under-utilized and some are not yet utilized. With the proper use of the water resources for drinking, irrigation, power/ energy production and other environmental enhancement uses, the socio-economic condition of the VDC can be enhanced.

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot

Water Sources and Classification There are altogether 140 water sources were assessed and, out of them, there are mainly 3 types of sources named spring, spring-fed river and stream. Considering the total area of VDC, and the number of sources, the average source density per square kilometer of land become 2.6. The relevant details of identified sources are shown in the following table. The lowest source density is in SC no 9 and the highest is in SC no 4, even though SC no 7 holds the highest land area compared to others.

DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SITUATION

Water Supply and Coverage In Jhapra VDC, access to piped drinking water including dangling scheme has been provided to about 45.2 % of present population with the existing schemes. Conversely, there is about 54.8% population, which is still deprived of piped water. In addition to this, the functional coverage at present is about 3.38 % instead of 45.2 % and it is because of most of the existing schemes need to be repaired/or rehabilitated and water does not flow in the tap stands of those schemes. Hence, many still use the traditional sources such as Kuwa/Naulo and Pandhero Dharas (spouts). Some of the inhabitants have the access to the tap water.

Service level and Hardship About 1 % of the households in Jhapra VDC have the very poor condition. Similarly, 18 % of the households have poor, 69 % have the moderate and 12 % of the households have the access to good water supply condition. While ranking the sub-committee in terms of "Hardship", which defines the existing water supply situation subjectively, in average SC no. 2 holds the top rank and SC no. 6, holds the last rank. These indicate that most clusters of the SC 2 have more difficulties in fetching water with higher fetching time, lesser water consumption, less reliable, moderate quality and not continuity in supply.

HEALTH AND SANITATION SITUATION

The field assessment found that about 4 % of the households have access to some type of household latrines. The remaining percentage of households practice open defections causing environmental hazards in the surrounding areas. The Percentage of households with access to toilets of the VDC and the sub-committee wise are presented in the following figures. Limited numbers of household toilets are seen in the VDC. The household wise access to toilets in terms of umber and percentage is presented in the following table figure respectively.

The social assessment observed that the personal, domestic, and environmental sanitation status in all sub-committees of Jhapra VDC seems poor due to lack of knowledge embedded by cultural practices/taboos and poor housing conditions. Moreover, the sanitation facilities in the VDC seems very poor as the general cleanliness of surrounding area is also poor, the water sources being used of drinking water also found likely to be contaminated and the defecation are near by the water sources, there are no changes, garbage pits, soak pits and smokeless chulas (stoves).

Major diseases in the VDC are gastro-enteritis, the water borne disease like diarrhoea, typhoid and the respiratory infection. Respiratory disease related to the poor indoor air quality related to fuel wood burning in unventilated house conditions and taking of tobacco products.

Further more, the practice of keeping the domestic animals inside residential houses is common. The animal waste / dung have been practised to collect openly into a pit near by

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot the housed (usually in house- yard or “angan”). This kind of practices is one of the root causes of spreading diseases from such waste disposals and animal dung.

The above situation shows the urgent improvement of health and sanitation situation of the VDC is must. Hence, a large number of sanitation programmes including both software and hardware activities should be conducted. Such sanitation program should cover three broad groups such as personal, domestic and environmental hygiene and sanitation activities. Considering the present situation of the VDC on health and sanitation, these programmes should be implemented along with implementation/repair of corresponding drinking water supply schemes as well as water sources protection and conservation. Moreover a large number of institutional and household latrines are required to be built in the VDC.

IRRIGATION SITUATION

In the VDC, there are a number of small farmer developed and managed irrigation systems. Most of them have temporary structure and seasonal types. Hence they were not assessed during the survey period. It is because of the sources were dry and could not measure. Out of the total agricultural land majority is found non- irrigated found non- irrigated and dependent on monsoon rain. Under the various proposed irrigation schemes like conventional/non-conventional an addition of 9131 ropanies will have the irrigation facilities. Thus, with the successful implementation of WUMP, about 39.41 % of presently cultivated area will have the irrigation facilities.

HYDROPOWER SITUATION

The utilization of modern energy such as electricity for the social progress, economic development, resource conservation, communications etc. is very important. In this context the VDC has large hydropower potentials. But there are neither under construction nor existing schemes in the VDC. There is no electricity consumption in the VDC. Fuel wood and kerosene meets the entire energy needs. However, there is genuine need for electricity in the VDC. MHP will be the most reliable power for the VDC like Jhapra as the VDC is located 150 Km far from the Grid line.

WATER USE MASTER PLAN

Subcommittee Level Planning The total of 66 (including sub-schemes) potential gravity water supply schemes, 36 point source improvements along with sanitation activities were proposed for implementation. Proposed 66 schemes will cover all households which include the vast uncovered population of the VDC. Thus the VDC will be fully served with tapped water with the proposed WUMP implementation. The total cost required for developing these schemes is about NRs. 27.58 millions. Similarly, 32 irrigation schemes; 31 environment and ecology related schemes; 4 MUSA schemes and 10 other schemes are proposed for implementation. All these schemes are included in the final WUMP report. . In the planning process, however, all the possible schemes are prioritized on their need basis; the probable budget to be managed by the VDC is not considered. The summary of the long term plan based on prioritization of Subcommittees is presented below.

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot

Summary of Long Term Plan of Jhapra VDC Scheme Planned Approximate Remarks S.N. Type of scheme / Beneficiaries details No. Investment Rs. 1 Water Supply and Sanitation Including sub 1.1 DWS Schemes 66 27586076 schemes Beneficiaries HHs 1247 Sanitation – Household latrine 1.2 940 11280000 Construction (one each Household) 1.3 Source Improvement Schemes 36 468000 Beneficiaries HHs729 2 Irrigation 32 Total Command Area to be irrigated (in 6280133 9131 Ropani) 3 Environment and Ecology 31 5480000 4 MHP 5 14000000 Beneficiaries HHs548 5 Other (Fish Farming, Improved Ghatta) 10 840000 6 MUSA 4 845573 Total 184 66779782

VDC Level Planning Out of the total number of schemes under long term planning, a certain number of schemes are proposed with in five year based on the possible fund that will be available in the VDC. For the successful implementation of proposed WUMP except the VDC/DDC fund, support from the other concerned organization is equally important. The summary of the schemes under five year plan is presented in the table below.

Summary of Five Year Plan of Jhapra VDC Scheme Planned Approximate Remarks S.N. Type of scheme / Beneficiaries details No. Investment Rs. 1 Water Supply and Sanitation Including sub 1.1 DWS Schemes 57 24180217 schemes Beneficiaries HHs1044 Sanitation – Household latrine 1.2 411 4932000 Construction (one each Household) 1.3 Source Improvement Schemes 16 208000 Beneficiaries HHs369 2 Irrigation 10 Total Command Area to be irrigated (in 2557601 1131 Ropani) 3 Environment and Ecology 4 980000 4 MHP 2 6250000 Beneficiaries HHs251 5 Other (Fish Farming, Improved Ghatta) 1 90000 6 MUSA 2 431709 Total 92 39629527

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot

Proposed Supporting Activities Apart from the above, the community has also identified several supporting schemes under the TEWA/SEWA as the major component of WRMP chair model. These schemes are considered as the continuous activities and equally demanded by all sub-committees.

WUMP IMPLEMENTATION, MOBILIZATION & UPDATING

This WUMP Final Report is an outcome of the social and technical assessment of the Jhapra VDC. The report has included inventories of all identified water sources, their present uses, existing water system, need of further development in the VDC. The report has prioritized and ranked in a holistic manner of the proposed Water Supply, Source Protection, Irrigation, Environment and Ecology, Micro-Hydro, MUS and Miscellaneous Schemes as demanded in the VDC.

The WUMP final report has indicated that only 45.2 % of the population in Jhapra VDC is accessed to piped drinking water, primarily implemented by the DWSSD, DDC, local governing bodies, NGOs etc. The quality of water being used is also questionable. Analyzing the service level 12 % have good (SL-1) and 69% have moderate (SL-2). Similarly, 18 % of households have poor (SL-3) and 1 % have very poor (SL-4). Likewise only about 4 % households have access to some kinds of toilets. Moreover a negligible ropani of cultivated land is presently irrigated. Hence, these scenarios of the VDC reflect the need of WUMP implementation. The VDC will face with various constraints like financial, community mobilizations and participations, technical and managerial skills, technical manpower etc for its implementation. So, the selection of the proposed schemes for implementation will maintain the prioritization order as fixed by the community. Hence, the WRMC hopes full support from all potential support organization for its successful implementations.

After the finalization of WUMP report, a post co-ordination meeting will be arranged involving all potential support organizations. The information in the WUMP should be adequately shared with all potential partners and be used for the development of the water resources in the VDC. The preparation of the WUMP will be viewed as a planning tool for the local government, NGOs, INGOs and the concerned sectoral agencies. Hence, the experiences of preparing the WUMP in Jhapra VDC can be shared with other potential VDCs in future also.

The immediate concern in this planning exercise is the periodically updating of the WUMP by the members of the WRMC / VDC on the achieved progress. The WUMP has adopted short and medium term goals that to be achieved for the effective harnessing of available water resources. However, a longer vision will be adopted based on these information and continue process of resource identification, planning and implementation of the schemes on the priority basis, updating of WUMP database by the community in a dynamic manner. Therefore, to maintain the dynamism of the whole exercise, the water resources committee will carry this exercise and develop a sound platform to improve the quality of life of the local people, environmental conditions, and increased opportunities to improve rural livelihoods through rational, equitable and sustainable use of water at the village level.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Foreword Acknowledgement List of Abbreviation and Acronym Executive Summary

CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND 1 1.1.1 Integrated Water Resources management (IWRM) Water Resources Management (WARM) and Water Use 1.1.2 2 Master Plan (WUMP) 1.1.3 Water Use Master Plan (WUMP) 3 Water Resources Sector Policies,Legal Provisions and 1.1.4 4 Regulations 1.2 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF WUMP 6 1.2.1 Scope of the WUMP 6 1.2.2 Technical Assessment 7 1.2.3 Social Assessment 7 METHODOLOGY OF WUMP PREPARATION &WUMP PROCESS 1.3 8 STEPS 1.3.1 Conceptual Framework 8 1.3.2 WUMP Preparation Steps 8 1.3.3 Institutional Arrangement and Capacity Building 10 Water Resources Management Sub Committees 1.3.3.1 10 (WRMSC) Formation 1.3.3.2 WRMC Formation 10 1.3.3.3 WUMP Advisory Committee 11 1.3.3.4 Capacity Building Training (CBT) to WRMC 11 PEOPLES’ PARTICIPATION IN WUMP PREPARATION AND 1.4 11 SOCIAL INCLUSION 1.5 FIELD SURVEY AND DATA COLLECTION 11 1.6 ANALYSIS OF DATA 12 LIMITATIONS OF WUMP 1.7 12

CHAPTER II – VDC PROFILE

2.1 GENERAL FEATURE 13 2.2 LOCATION AND ACCESSIBILITY 13 2.3 PHYSICAL FEATURES (TOPOGRAPHY, LANDUSE) 13 2.4 CLIMATE 13 2.5 HYDROLOGY, RIVER SYSTEM AND WATER RESOURCES 13 2.6 SUBCOMMITTEE DIVISION AND AREA COVERED 16 2.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS 18 2.7.1 Demography 18 2.7.2 Ethnicity 18 2.7.3 Culture 20 2.7.4 Literacy 20 2.7.5 Occupation and Seasonal Migration 20 2.7.6 Agriculture and Livestock 21 2.7.7 Seasonal calendar 22 2.7.8 Economy and Wealth Ranking 22 2.7.9 Local Human Resources 24 2.7.10 Availability of Local Construction Materials 24 2.7.11 Gender Perspective and Social Inclusion 24 2.8 SERVICE CENTERS AND FACILITIES 24 2.8.1 Health 24 2.8.2 Education 25 2.8.3 Other Facilities 26 2.9 DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES 27 2.9.1 Governmental initiated/ or supported Activities 27

CHAPTER III– EXISTING WATER RESOURCES SCENARIO

3.1 GENERAL 31 3.1.1 Water Sources and Classification 31 3.1.2 Water Resources Analysis 31 3.1.2.1 Source by Discharge 32 3.1.2.2 Source by Location 32 3.1.2.3 Source by Quality 33 3.1.2.4 Source by Existing Use 33 3.1.2.5 Source by Potential Use 34 3.1.2.6 Source Disputes 34 3.1.2.7 Water Resources Balance and Demand Analysis 34 3.2 WATER SUPPLY 35 3.2.1 Water Supply and Coverage 35 3.2.2 Existing and On-going Water Supply Schemes in the VDC 36 3.2.3 Service level (SL) Analysis and Hardship Ranking 36 3.2.4 Water Quantity Available Vs Consumption 40 3.2.5 Sustainability, Operation and Maintenance 40 3.2.6 Issues in Drinking Water Supply 41 3.3 SANITATION 42 3.3.1 Health and Hygiene Practices: in General 42 3.3.2 Household Sanitation and Toilets 42 3.3.3 Environmental Sanitation 44 3.3.3.1 Open Defecation and Effects 44 3.3.3.2 Carcass and Solid Waste Disposal 44 3.3.3.3 Cremation Area and Effects 44 3.4 IRRIGATION 44 3.4.1 Land Use Pattern of the VDC 44 3.4.1.1 Agricultural Land 45 3.4.1.2 Irrigated Land 45 3.4.1.3 Non Irrigated Land 45 3.4.2 Existing Irrigation Systems in the VDC 45 3.4.3 Issues in Irrigation Development 45 3.5 MICRO-HYDROPOWER 46 3.5.1 Energy Consumption and Requirement 46 3.6 OTHERS 46

CHAPTER IV- PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

4.1 PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 47 4.1.1 IWRM Approach 48 4.1.1.1 Conservation and Protection of Water Resources 48 4.1.1.2 Multiple Use of Water 48 4.1.1.3 Balanced Use of Water 49 4.1.1.4 Productive Use of Water 49 4.1.1.5 Efficient Use of Water 49 4.1.2 Water Resources Use Conflicts 50 4.1.3 Gender and Social Inclusion 50 4.1.4 Prioritization of Usage 50

CHAPTER V – WATER USE MASTER PLAN (WUMP)

5.1 SUB-COMMITTEE LEVEL WUMP 51 Proposed Water Supply Sanitation Schemes (New and 5.1.1 51 Rehabilitation) 5.1.1.1 Gravity/Pumping Water Supply Schemes 51 5.1.1.2 Point Sources Improvement schemes 52 5.1.1.3 Sanitation schemes 53 5.1.2 Proposed Irrigation Schemes 54 5.1.3 Proposed Hydro-Energy & Micro-hydro Schemes 55 5.1.4 Proposed Multiple Use System Applications (MUSA) 55 5.1.5 Proposed Environment and Ecology Schemes 55 5.1.6 Proposed Other Schemes 55 5.1.7 Proposed Supporting Activities 56

5.2 VDC LEVEL WUMP 56 Debate and Prioritization of Proposed schemes at the VDC 5.2.1 57 level 5.2.2 Investment Plan in Terms of Long Term Action Plan 57 5.2.3 Formulation of First Year Detailed action Plan 74 5.2.4 Monitoring Action Plan 83

CHAPTER VI – WUMP IMPLEMENTATION, MOBILIZATION & UPDATING

6.1 WUMP IMPLEMETATION 84 6.2 WUMP MOBILIZATION 84 6.3 WUMP UPDATING 84

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1 Act and Regulation on the Water Resource Management 4 Table 1.2 Formation of WRMSC 10 Table 1.3 Formation of WRMC 10 Table 2.1 Sub-committee Division 16 Table 2.2 No of Households and Population of the VDC 18 Table 2.3 Various Ethnic Groups residing in the VDC (By Households) 18 Table 2.4 Various Ethnic Groups residing in the VDC (By Population) 19 Table 2.5 Status of Literacy the VDC 20 Table 2.6 Occupational pattern of the VDC 20 Table 2.7 Summary of Wealth Ranking of the VDC 23 Table 2.8 Enrollment of Students and Status of Teachers in the School of the 25 VDC Table 2.9 Summary of Socio-economic features and Available Services of the 26 VDC Table 2.10 Development Activities of the VDC 27 Table 3.1 Water sources classification 31 Table 3.2 Summary of water sources by Discharge in the VDC 32 Table 3.3 Summary of water sources by Location in the VDC 32 Table 3.4 Summary of water sources by water quality in the VDC 33 Table 3.5 Summary of water sources by existing use in the VDC 33 Table 3.6 Summary of water sources by potential use in the VDC 34 Table 3.7 Type of Water sources being used to fetch water in the VDC 35 Table 3.8 Existing and On-going DWS schemes in the VDC 36 Table 3.9 Criteria for assessing the service level 37 Table 3.10 Sub-committee-wise Existing Water Supply Condition of VDC 37 Table 3.11 Sub-committee-wise details of Water Quantity Available Vs 40 Consumption Table 3.12 Sub-committee wise Access to Toilet in the VDC 43 Table 3.13 Summary of land use type in the VDC 44 Table 5.1 Summary of Water Supply Schemes. 52 Table 5.2 Summary of Point Sources Improvement Schemes. 52 Table 5.3 Summary of Household Toilet Construction 53 Table 5.4 Summary of Conventional Irrigation Schemes 54 Table 5.5 Summary of Non-Conventional Irrigation Schemes 54 Table 5.6 Summary of Investment of MUSA Schemes 55 Table 5.7 Summary of Improved Ghatta Schemes 55 Table 5.8 List of Proposed Supporting Activities 56 Table 5.9 Long Term Plan and Five Year Plan of the VDC 58 Table 5.10 First year plan of the VDC 75 Table 5.11 Immediate Follow-up Action Plan 83

LIST OF MAPS

Map 2.1 Location Map of District in the Country Map 14 Map 2.2 Location Map of VDC in the District Map 15 Map 2.3 Sub-committee Division of the VDC 17 Map 3.1 Subcommittee wise Hardship Ranking of the VDC 39

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1 WARM Chair Figure 1.2 Step wise WUMP Process Figure 2.1 Various Ethnic Groups residing in the VDC Figure 2.2 Seasonal Calendar of the VDC Figure 2.3 Wealth Ranking of the VDC Figure 3.1 Water sources classification Figure 3.2 Water sources being used Figure 3.3 Existing Water Supply Condition Figure 3.4 Access to Toilets in the VDC

ANNEXES

Annex I Water Sources Description Annex II Inventory Annex – II (a) : Existing &Under-Construction DWS Schemes: Summary Annex - II(b): Existing &Under-Construction Irrigation Schemes: Summary

Annex III List Of Water Resources Management Committee (WRMC)Members Annex IV Commitment Letter of WRMC

Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot

CHAPTER – ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

1.1.1 Integrated Water Resources management (IWRM)

Watershed is the natural boundary of a river basin. Such a boundary is different from the political, administrative, geographical and social boundaries. In order to harness the water potential of a basin it is therefore essential that such a natural boundary should be selected for its development. However most of the planning in the past emphasized on the political and administrative boundaries resulting in failure to address the natural phenomenon of water circulation and hydrologic cycle. Recent studies have shown that comprehensive development of water resources is possible only when it is planned and executed based on the natural boundary of watershed. Also the water sector development should adopt a holistic approach addressing all the components of water cycle within a basin. Thus the rationale of undertaking water resources planning, development and management on a river basin basis, instead of on a project by project basis, is because water, land and forest resources as well as environment of a river basin are interrelated and form a unit. The temporal and spatial variations of the water availability and the demand for various uses can lead to conflicts in the allocation of water among different water sectors or uses as well as among different regions. The different competing water sector development endeavors such as water supply, source protection, irrigation, hydroelectricity, environmental conservation etc should go side by side assisting each other in a or uses as well as among different regions treating it as a fundamental planning entity. This approach of collaborative development of water sector was termed Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and Development.

Hence, IWRM may be defined as a systematic process which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and related resources in order to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems. IWRM is a comprehensive approach to the development and management of water, addressing its management both as a resource and the framework for provision of water services. The concept of IWRM was already recognized in Agenda 21 of the UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, to a large extent based on the following four Dublin Principles developed earlier in same year.

• Principle one recognized fresh water as a finite, vulnerable, and essential resource, and suggested that water should be managed in an integrated manner. • Principle two suggested a participatory approach, involving users, planners, and policymakers, at all levels of water development and management. • Principle three recognized women’s central role in the provision, management, and safeguarding of water. • Principle four suggested that water should be considered as an economic good.

Water Resources Management is the integrating concept for a number of water sub-sectors such as hydropower, water supply and sanitation, irrigation and drainage, and environment. An integrated water resources perspective ensures that social, economic, environmental and technical dimensions are taken into account in the management and development of water resources.

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Water Resources Management Committee, Jhapra VDC 2009

Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot In contrast to sectoral and rather rigid master plans, an IWRM-oriented planning process takes a more flexible and dynamic approach to planning the development and management of water resources. Planning not only reflects the total activity in the system, whether defined as river basin, catchments or watershed (interchangeable terms), including for example agriculture, forestry, mining and other land uses but it also ensures the sustainable development and use of water resources for future generations. The planning process acquires a special role in strengthening good governance within a strategic water management framework of goals, policies and planned actions to achieve the goals. In such context, the ultimate goal of the Integrated Water Resource Management is to improve the quality of human life by providing safe and potable drinking water, water for irrigation and power generation and other various activities and hence to reduce the poverty by fulfilling basic needs of the community so that benefit can be achieved in sustainable manner.

1.1.2 Water Resources Management (WARM) and Water Use Master Plan (WUMP)

Water Resources Management adopted to prepare WUMP initiated by Helvetas-Nepal. The key strategy is to formulate Water Resource Strategy and Sub-sector Action Plans to improve the present living standards, increase opportunities to rural livelihoods through rational, equitable and sustainable development of water resources through communities’ participation during planning and utilization. The key element was to reduce poverty by providing safe drinking water and sanitation, to increase agricultural production through irrigation and development of micro-hydropower schemes in rural setting.

Helvetas Nepal has been supporting water supply and sanitation sector in the western development region of Nepal since 1976. Helvetas launched Community Water Supply and Sanitation Programme (CWSSP) during 1976–1994. Drawing experience from CWSSP, Helvetas Nepal launched Self-Reliant Drinking Water Support Programme (SRWSP/Helvetas) since 1994. SRWSP/Helvetas, during the course of programme implementation, realized that many problems in drinking water and sanitation sector are related to improper management of water sources; and for the sustainable development of rural community integrated water resource development issues are of immense importance. In 1997, an external evaluation guided by participatory self-assessment was carried out. The evaluation team found that SRWSP/Helvetas has correctly identified the growing importance of integrated water Resources Management (WARM) issues for the sustainability of the rural communities. The team recommended promoting WARM as an interdependent extension of SRWSP by undertaking one or two pilot projects at the VDC level where the local leadership is strong and development oriented. Thus SRWSP carried out a pilot project on Water Resources Management Programme (WARM-P) in Bajung VDC of Parbat in 1998. Hence the WARM evolved as a programme refined and broadened with Helvetas Nepal’s experiences and learning from its CWSSP and SRWSP programme.

By the end of 2007 a total of 27 WUMP has been prepared with the support of WARM-P / Helvetas. Moreover 2 WUMP in Jajarkot and 5 in Kalikot have been prepared in reduced cost by using local human resources. Moreover, 47 WUMP have prepared in mid-western and far-western development region with the support of RVWARMP - a joint project of GoN and Finland and 2 WUMP in Gorkha and Udayapur District have prepared with the support of NEWAH following the WARM-P/ Helvetas model in Nepal.

1.1.3 Water Use master Plan (WUMP) 2

Water Resources Management Committee, Jhapra VDC 2009

Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot

The Integrated Approach in Nepal evolves in participatory learning by the stakeholders at VDC and ward level for the planning, development, operation and management of available water resources. To meet the objectives of WARM-P encourages the combination of both software and hardware interventions through social mobilization and capacity building. Basically, WUMP is considered as a planning tool of available water resources, which covers four components of water sources management pertaining to:

Water Supply and Sanitation (e.g. source improvement/ protection, water supply schemes both new and repair/rehabilitation, personal hygiene, and latrine construction)

Irrigation and Drainage (e.g. proper drainage of waste water, conventional and non- conventional irrigation both new and repair/rehabilitation, drainage improvement)

Environment and Ecology (e.g. source conservation, forest management, gully control, terrace improvement, river training, land slide control etc)

Others (e.g. water mills, electricity-generation, fishery ponds, improved ghatta, animal feeding ponds, recreational and religious ponds, bridge construction etc).

Support Activities

Others Environment and Ecology

Water supply Irrigation and and Sanitation Drainage

Fig 1.1 WARM Chair

Including the above, the backrest of the WARM chair pertains to the supporting activities like internal resources identification, legal and advocacy, facilitation and coordination with other support agencies, technical and financial support, gender sensitivity etc. The clear picture of the WARM concept can be seen in the WARM chair as shown in Fig 1.1 above.

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot 1.1.4 Water Resources Sector Policies, Legal Provisions and Regulations

Besides the deep-rooted traditional customary laws, series of statutory water laws have been promulgated and amended in the country’s history. The National Code of Conduct (Muluki Ain) 1963 established the formal rights of people on the usage of water with some specific provisions for irrigation. Subsequent attempts to draw specific legal provisions for water sector were established in the Irrigation Act 1963 and Canal, Electricity and Related Water Resources Act, 1967. The 1967 Act introduced the concept of water tax and licensing for water user particularly for hydropower generation. A number of water related laws and policies were promulgated during 1970s and 1980s including Canal Operation Regulation, Soil and Water Conservation, Nepal Electricity Authority, Decentralization, Nepal Water Supply Corporation. Furthermore, the legislative measures endorsed by the Water Resources Act 1992 and the Water Resources Regulations of 1993 encouraged the users participation in the water projects; particularly for drinking water and irrigation schemes. A separate Electricity Act and Regulation 1992 was promulgated to specify legislation for the power sector with the main thrust on hydropower development with the promotion of private sector participation. Under the umbrella of the Water Resources Act, several sectoral policy provisions and regulations have been enacted including the Irrigation Policy and Regulation and Water Supply Regulations. Some other acts and regulations which also have considerable bearing on the water sector comprise of Environment Protection Act, 1997, the Agriculture Perspective Plan 1995 and the Local Self Governance Act 1999. The Water Resources Act has vested the ownership of all the country’s water resources in the state. The Water Resources Regulation has made provision of the District Water Resources Committee (DWRC) in each district; with the responsibilities to regulate the water use in the district. However, despite these legal and regulatory provisions, several anomalies still exist in the sectoral regulations making activities more complex. The composition of DWRC and the mandate awarded are not adequately suitable for working as functional regulatory body. The Water Resources Sectoral Acts promulgated is different periods is presented below:

Table 1.1: Act and Regulation on the Water Resource Management Act and Regulation Major Management Issues Essential Commodity o Drinking water regarded as essential commodity to be Conservation Act 1955 managed for strict conservation o Illegal use, misuse, theft and loss to be strictly prohibited Muluki Ain 2020 B.S. o For irrigation purpose priority should be established (National Code of o Arrangement is made for managed irrigation system for Conduct, 1963) traditional farming system

Solid Waste Management o Solid waste management center has been established for and Modification Act, 1987 the management of solid waste management. o Arrangements for solid waste to control water pollution Solid Waste Management, o Management for collection, transportation and Resource Mobilization management of solid waste Center Regulation, 1989 o Management of public toilets and bathing houses.

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot Act and Regulation Major Management Issues Nepal Drinking Water o Establishment of Nepal Drinking Water Supply Corporation Corporation Act, 1989. with authority to supply drinking water under government authority. o Arrangements for prohibiting activities that impacts supply of drinking water and penalty. Water Resources Act, o Law on the overall management of water resources 1992. o Identification of priorities for water utilization o Arrangement for ownership of water resources o Prohibition of water pollution o Guarantee of life and property. o Arrangements for property acquisition and compensation o Management of water utilization for hydropower. Electricity Act, 1992 o Arrangement for authorization letter o Identification of work, duty and authority of individual with authority letter. o Some economic concession to authorized individual o Role of government specified. Industrial Profession Act, o Authorization letter required for the establishment, 1992 expansion and diversification of environmentally sensitive industries. o Arrangement of economic exemption for environment friendly industries. Water Resources o Regulation for overall water resource management Regulation, 1993 o Arrangement of licensing process for the registration of users organization o Establishment of district water resources committee o Authority and responsibilities of water users’ committee and authorized individual o Arrangements for house and land acquisition and compensation on related matters. Electricity Regulation, o Arrangements for receiving authorization letter process 1993 arrangements. o House / Land acquisition and compensation o Delineation of work, duties and authority of receiving authorization letter. Environmental Protection o Inventory of Hydropower projects requiring environmental Act, 1996 impact assessment, environmental external impact. o Arrangements for water resources pollution control and provision of pollution control certificate Environment Protection o Inventory use of hydropower projects requiring regulation, 1997 environment impact assessment and external environment impact assessment. o Arrangements for water resources pollution control and provision of pollution control certificate

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot Act and Regulation Major Management Issues Drinking Water o Establishment of drinking water service utilization Regulation, 1998 o Registration process for water users’ formation arrangements. o Arrangement for authorization letter of dinking water utilization o Arrangements for water resources pollution control for maintaining drinking water quality. o Conditions for drinking water service utilization o House / Land acquisition and compensation. Local Self Governance o Arrangement for decentralized administrative structures Act, 1998 o Arrangements and delineation for authority, work and duties of Village Development Committee (VDC), Municipality and District Development Committee (DDC) in relation to Drinking water and sanitation. o Local Institutions Rights on Natural Resources and Empowerment of Local Institutions for leveling Tax on Natural Resources. Local Self Governance o Arrangement and delineation of Authority, Work and Duties Regulations, 1999 of Village Development Committee (VDC), Municipality and District Development Committee (DDC) in relation to Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation o Arrangement of process for planning and implementation of water resources. Irrigation Regulation, 1999 o Arrangements for working with Water Users’ Association for irrigation and project handover to water users’ association. o Arrangements for joint management by Government of Nepal and Water Users’ Association. o Arrangements for working with Irrigation and River Control Committee. o Arrangement of Service delivery conditions o Arrangements for responsibilities of water users’ association including service fee generation. Drinking Water and o Drinking Water Act Bill, 2005 Sanitation Bill, 2005 o Drinking Water Supply Board Act, 2005 o Drinking Water Fees Fixing Commission Act, 2005

Source: Different Acts and Regulations

1. 2 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF WUMP

1.2.1 Scope of the WUMP

The overall objective of the WUMP is to provide a comprehensive plan to the VDC and WRMC for efficient execution of water sector schemes within the plan period for improved quality of life, environmental conditions and increased opportunities to improve rural livelihoods in the VDC at all levels through rational, equitable and sustainable use of water. The WUMP from its preparation phase to its implementation phase has aims at improving the institutional capacity of the beneficiaries to enable decentralization process within the VDC level for implementation and sustainable management of rural water resource facilities. It also aims at improving coordination among beneficiaries themselves, local, central agencies, Community Organizations (COs), Water Resources Management Committee (WRMC), Users’ Committees (UC's) and VDC for water resources management. The WUMP is the basic document for overall water use and program planning and identifying communities' priority needs classified by various use categories such as drinking 6

Water Resources Management Committee, Jhapra VDC 2009

Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot water supply, irrigation, micro-hydro power production, environmental conservation, multiple uses of water, etc.

The scope the Water Use Master Plan (WUMP) is to produce:

• Water resources and its inventory (Existing situation of water use, level of facilities, functional status of facility systems) • Socio-economic baseline (demographic, health & sanitation situation, resources, access, available services, other development activities etc ) • A sustainable and balanced water resources development plan both long term and short term with due consideration on environment, sanitation and water rights • Gender, ethnically, inclusion, poverty and socially sensitive development priorities • Preliminary design and cost of potential investment in water sector with connected supporting activities • A long term and short term plan of water related schemes with priority order based on the need assessment of the community

1.2.2 Technical Assessment

The key objective of the technical assessment is to gather detailed technical information of the water sources identified during the social assessment conducted in the VDC. The technical assessment is expected to provide detailed insights into realities of the existing water situation in the VDC, especially on available discharge of the source, water management practices and problems and possible utilization of water sources. The acquired information is to be used to help the WRMC to develop a WUMP.

The specific objectives of the technical study are:

• To measure and describe all the water sources identified during the social assessment and other sources explored during the technical assessment; • To map all the sources within the VDC and Tran-boundary indicating their altitudes and distances from reference points (existing infrastructure facilities such as house, path and trails, schools, and natural resources such as forests, stream, ponds, agricultural land etc); • To categorize all the potential water sources for possible application e.g. drinking water, irrigation (drip irrigation, surface irrigation, waste water use in kitchen garden), micro-hydro or industrial application according to their quality, capacity, accessibility and sustainability; • To carry out in-depth feasibility studies design and costing for potential water projects; and • To recommend possible water related development activities in the area.

1.2.3 Social Assessment

The key objective of the social assessment is to prepare of socio-economic baseline. The social assessment is usually carried out using various PRA tools, such as mapping exercise, seasonal calendar, development history, walk-over survey (transact), semi- structured interview, community meeting, interview with key informants etc.

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot The specific objectives of Social Assessment are mentioned below:

• To facilitate participatory mapping of all the water resources within the VDCs and WRMSCs which are used or proposed for use in the VDC; • To facilitate participatory mapping of existing infrastructure for the preparation of the VDC/WRMSC profile (e.g. houses, paths, schools, forests, rivers, ponds, agricultural land etc.); • To facilitate the mapping of water related needs of all people and their commitment towards it; • To facilitate the mapping of community hardship related to drinking water; and • To recommend possible water related development activities in the area. • To facilitate and recommend the MUSA approach with in the VDC.

1. 3 METHODOLOGY OF WUMP PREPARATION & WUMP PROCESS STEPS

1.3.1 Conceptual Framework

Under the conceptual framework, the VDC wards were delineated based on the hydrological as well as present water sharing practices/ or sub-watersheds/ or natural boundary of a sub- basin into 9 sub committee (WRMCSs) for which the Technical and Social Assessment have conducted. In each sub-committee, a Water Resources management sub – committee (WRMSC) is formed consisting of up to 9 members representing from COs, users' group and with due consideration of social and gender perspective. At least two representatives are selected to constitute the VDC level Water Resources Management Committee (WRMC), the apex body responsible for planning, implementation, and post construction care of the water projects within the VDC.

1.3.2 WUMP Preparation Steps

The final report on Water Use Master Plan of Jhapra VDC is the outcome of a series of activities that preceded it. Such activities included desktop works, field level activities, institutional development works, capacity building, need identification, source measurement, inventory assessment, prioritization of the schemes etc. Desktop works include review of secondary data available, analysis of all data, demand and supply study, report preparation, etc. Field level activities include primary data collection like demography, health & sanitation, education, water sources, existing water facilities, water fetching details and information regarding existing, on-going and potential schemes etc. Special formats for data collection were developed prior to data collection. The methodology for preparation of WUMP for a VDC is well established in different steps. These steps are shown below.

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot

Fig 1.2 Step-wise WUMP Process

1.3.3 Institutional Arrangement and Capacity Building 9

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot

1.3.3.1 Water Resources Management Sub Committees (WRMSC) Formation

Community meetings were held at the sub-committee level and oriented the communities about objectives, need of sub-committees and a main committee. At the end of the sub committee level meeting, WRMSC were formed including members of social institutions, women, teachers, and other key community persons. The proportional representation of women, Dalit, Janjati and Other groups was sought to ensure social inclusiveness. Two representatives from each sub committee were selected for the WRMC. The outcome of the WRMSC formation in different sub committees is presented in the following table and it shows that the total representation of women and dalit in WRMSC formation is found about 35 and 33 % respectively.

Table 1.1 Formation of WRMSC No of people Composition of WRMSC formation ( in Nos) Date of Total presented WRMSC Social Group-wise Gender-wise WRMSC HHs (in during the No. Total composition composition Formation Nos) WRMSC level Member meeting Dalit Janjati Other Female Male 1 22-01-2065 175 66 9 2 0 7 2 7 2 21-01-2065 80 52 9 6 0 3 3 6 3 23-01-2065 92 46 9 4 0 5 4 5 4 25-01-2065 98 50 11 4 0 7 4 7 5 26-01-2065 73 44 7 2 0 5 2 5 6 27-01-2065 68 46 9 2 5 2 4 5 7 29-01-2065 159 44 11 2 6 3 3 8 8 31-01-2065 144 43 9 4 1 4 3 6 9 30-01-2065 92 42 9 2 6 1 4 5 Total 981 433 83 28 18 37 29 54

1.3.3.2 WRMC Formation After the formation of all sub committees, the WRMC was formed with at least two representatives from each WRMSC, as well as from VDC personnel, representatives of local organizations and other some key persons in the VDC. While forming the main committee the proportionate of Women, Dalit, Janjatis and Other groups were included to ensure inclusiveness. The composition of WRMC is presented in the following table and it shows that the total representation of Women, Dalit and Janjati in WRMC formation is found about 28, 32% and 24% respectively.

Table 1.2 Formation of WRMC Composition of WRMC formation ( in Nos) Total Gender-wise composition Social Group-wise composition Date member Male Female Dalit Janjati Others s 25 18 7 8 6 11 25 Composition in % 72 28 32 24 44

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot 1.3.3.3 WUMP Advisory Committee

Along with the formation of WRMC, an advisory panel having 5 members was formed with the representation of active political parties in the VDC. The main objective of Advisory Committee formation is to advice and support to WRMC in the preparation and implementation of WUMP, as elected VDC bodies/ representatives not available for the time being.

1.3.3.4 Capacity Building Training (CBT) to WRMC

Following the WUMP steps, a three day capacity building training was organized for WRMC member. The main objective of this training to WRMC member is to familiarize the WUMP process and to aware them about their role and responsibility. The content of the CBT to WRMC was concentrated on the water resources planning, water resources act and policies, social mapping using PRA tools, process of social and technical assessment etc. The total participants were 34 including the representatives from political parties.

1.4 PEOPLES’ PARTICIPATION IN WUMP PREPARATION AND SOCIAL INCLUSION

The WUMP is aimed to improve the quality of life of the local people, environmental conditions, and to increase opportunities for the well being of rural livelihoods through rational, equitable and sustainable use of water resources at the village level tapping the economic value of water through communities’ participation during planning and utilization. Hence, WUMP preparation and implementation process focuses on peoples, participation assuring the social inclusiveness in each step. Analyzing the overall data, the participation during the WRMSCs formation was 433. Among the WRMSCs members 29 are of women out of 83. Likewise, from the social group-wise analysis, 28 are Dalit, 18 are Janjati and 37 are of other group/cast.

Moreover, the participation in WRMC of Women, Dalit and Janjati is 28 %, 32 % and 24 % respectively. In other steps like of social/resource mapping under social assessment the participant was 433 and 34 persons of WRMC and advisory Committee participated in a three day capacity building training.

1.5 FIELD SURVEY AND DATA COLLECTION

As per the original work plan, it was envisaged that on an average 4-5 days of time was allotted for resource mapping, need identification, technical and social assessments and then sub-committee level planning. The time required for carrying out the technical assessments varied depending upon the number of sources in a given sub-committee, the terrain and number of identified projects.

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot 1. 6 ANALYSIS OF DATA

The information and/or data were analyzed and compile to obtain necessary results and inferences which were utilized to prioritize and formula to future plans and investments for Jhapra. Besides presenting the results, interferences and recommendations in the form of a report, extensive use of graphical presentations has been done. VDC maps are prepared as base maps, which contain all relevant information overlaid on it. The analyses of the collected data from social and technical assessment provide the following information that granted the basis of the WUMP preparation: • Socio-economic Scenario. • Needs Assessment and Hardship. • Health and Education. • Institutional Aspect. • Water supply and sanitation scenario. • Need for water supply in uncovered areas. • Prioritizations of Investment. • Need for irrigation, micro-hydro, environment and ecology, other water related schemes • Investment Requirement.

1. 7 LIMITATIONS OF WUMP

The social assessment team identified the potential sources during the social mapping and the report with other relevant information was given to the technical study team containing of the felt needs of the community. The outcome of the technical study, therefore, is supported by the social assessment report.

The source survey was carried out in the driest month of the year. The study team faced few-days raining during the study period. However, this rain had very less effect on the yield of spring sources. The community people also expressed their view that there was no significant increase in discharge of the spring sources.

While measuring the discharge of sources appropriate method was selected. In case of small discharges, the bucket method was used for the measurement of discharge, which required more than 10 seconds for filling the used bucket. For the sources having discharge up to 500 LPS, the area-velocity method was used. However, there is slight chance that the actual dry yield of source is increased or decreased to a little extent.

A tentative cost estimate of potential projects has been prepared based upon the technical feasibility of the schemes identified by the communities. The technical team has not considered the social feasibility in depth as the social assessment team had already conducted a need assessment in the community meeting using PRA tools and techniques.

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot CHAPTER – TWO

VDC PROFILE

2.1 GENERAL FEATURE

Jhapra VDC lies in the central part of Jajarkot district in Bheri Zone of Mid- Western Development Region. The VDC is situated at an average of 900 m to 2300 m height from mean sea level. It is surrounded by Archhani, Dhime and Pajaru VDCs in its north, Khalanga VDC in east, Karki Gaun and Dasera VDCs in its west, Punma VDC in its south.

2.2 LOCATION AND ACCESSIBILITY

Geographically, Jhapra VDC extends from the latitude of 28° 48' 2" N to 28° 42' 17" N and the longitude of 82° 3' 26" E to 82° 9' 44" E.

Jhapra VDC has not been connected by motorable road. Marka (Chheda) is the nearest road head of the VDC, which is located at a distance of about 25 km. Marka is located at a distance of about 100 km from Surkhet, thus Jhapra is about 125 km far from Surkhet. A motor able road starting from Chheda to Thalaha is under construction by WFP with technical support of GTZ. Khalanga is the district headquarter and it takes about 10 hours on foot to reach the district headquarter from the center of the VDC. Thalaha is the local marketing centers of the VDC.

2.3 PHYSICAL FEATURES (TOPOGRAPHY, LANDUSE)

The VDC is situated at an average of 900 m to 2300 m height from mean sea level having the total area of 54.03 sq km. The total area of the VDC falls under the watershed of Chheda khola.

About 76.10 % of the VDC area is covered by jungle and 21.70 % is the cultivated land. Regarding the land use, minor part of the VDC is covered with grass, bush, sand and water bodies.

2.4 CLIMATE

The VDC lies in the Mid Mountain zone. Although the VDC does not have the climatological station in the area, the climatological records of Jajarkot may represent the corresponding meteorological data for the VDC. Monsoon remains from June to September and annual mean rainfall is measured to 1583 mm.

2.5 HYDROLOGY, RIVER SYSTEM AND WATER RESOURCES

The major stream flowing through the VDC is Chheda khola which also forms the boundary with Pajaru VDC. Likewise, Lamti Khola, Phatke Khola, Sugure Kholi, Musaliya Khola, Ratapani and Timure Khola, Latidhunga Khola, Adhikari Khola and Dariya Khola are the other streams flowing within the VDC.

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot

Map 2.1 Location Map of the District in the Country Map 14 Water Resources Management Committee, Jhapra VDC 2009

Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot

Map 2.2 Location Map of Jhapra VDC in the District Map

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot 2.6 SUBCOMMITTEE DIVISION AND AREA COVERED

After the extensive discussion regarding the importance and responsibilities of sub- committees, the VDC level gathering decided to form 9 sub-committees covering the following wards and clusters.

Table 2.1 Sub-committee Division WRMSC Covered Area in Major Village / Toles name No. ward Sq km Fupna-A, B, C, D, E, F, Pipal Danda, Baishana, 1 1 3.55 Pasuda, Deupuri, Masada, Shahi Simli Pari Kaladhunga-A, B, Wari Kaladhunga-A, B, 2 2 11.49 Aureni, Fupunthhana Mathillo, Fupunthhana Tallo, Liramela Milbazaar Tole, Khangra Tole-A, B, C, Tata Tole, 3 3 1.21 Milan Tole-A, B, C, D, Baishana-A, B, C, Dhupi Tole, Dailekhi Tole, Rinedhunga Tole, Jhapra Layata Tole, Jaisi Tole-A, B, Kerabari Tole, 4 4 0.73 Koltakura, Aulakatiya, Bayali Khola Tole, Kanda Tole, Kauchhena Tole, Lamapani Tarapatal Kaiyajul, Rajikuri + Danda Tole, Baghkhor 5 5 5.04 Tole, Muhan + Mukhiya Tole, Khaltakura, Bangekholi, Dhami Tole, Khaltakura Khaltakura + Majh + Khadka, Dhanadi+ Danda + 6 6 3.19 Ghampakha, Paiya Tole, Naulee + Khiragairi, Kotmara Tole Sallibhir-A, B, Gamka Tole-A, B, Bahun Tole, Shah 7 7 11.62 Tole, Jukepani Tole, Barde+Dhanr Tole, Ramri Tole Tallo Nalfu-A + Simaljha, Tallo Nalfu-B, C, Nalfu-D + 8 8 8.35 Pipal Tole, Ranga + Likhuri Tole, Ranga Tole-B, Dhakse Tole, Chakli Tole-A, -B Mathillo Kanda Tole, Ghutkane Gadh Tole, Tallo 9 9 8.84 Kanda Tole Total 54.02

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot

Map 2.3: Subcommittee Division of Jhapra VDC

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot 2.7 SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

2.7.1 Demography

Jhapra VDC comprises of 981 households. VDC has a total population of 5894 out of which 2869 (48.68%) are male and 3025 (51.32 %) are female. The average house hold size of the VDC is 6.01, which is higher in comparison with the district average house hold size of 5.59 (2001) and national average size of 5.44 (2001). The average households and population densities of the VDC are worked out to be 18.2 and 109.1 nos per sq km of land respectively.

Table 2.2: Numbers of Households and Population of Jhapra VDC Present Population* 2001 census Population ** WRMSC No. of Total no HHs Male Female Total Male Female Total HHs 1 175 547 605 1152 2 80 245 229 474 3 92 263 260 523 4 98 279 303 582 5 73 223 219 442 784 2271 2200 4471 6 68 205 231 436 7 159 420 459 879 8 144 418 431 849 9 92 269 288 557 Total 981 2869 3025 5894 Average household size: 6.01 Source: * Field Survey - 2008 ** Population of Nepal – Village Development Committees/ Municipalities, Population Census 2001 By CBS in collaboration with UNFPA Nepal June 2002.

2.7.2 Ethnicity

The major ethnic groups residing in the VDC are Chhetri with 28.5 % followed by Magar, Kami, Thakuri, Damai, Sarki, Brahmin, Gosain, Lohar, Gaine,Badi respectively. The following tables show the numbers of households as well as population of different ethnic groups in the VDC, out of which about 35.0% of total populations are Dalit group, 22.1% are Janjati group and 42.9% are of Others group.

Table 2.3: Various Ethnic Groups residing in Jhapra VDC (By Households) Other Group Dalit Group Janjati SC No. Brah Gosai Gain Dama Loha Sark Total Thakuri Chhetri Kami Badi Magar min n e i r i 1 3 7 69 0 0 23 60 3 4 0 6 175 2 0 4 38 0 0 2 20 0 0 7 9 80 3 7 17 19 10 0 8 25 1 5 0 0 92 4 24 20 24 0 0 18 11 0 0 0 1 98 5 0 0 0 0 0 4 21 0 0 1 47 73 6 0 1 16 0 0 9 16 0 0 0 26 68 7 0 30 10 0 7 5 12 0 0 15 80 159 8 0 11 69 5 0 10 25 0 0 13 11 144 9 3 0 35 1 0 3 5 0 0 8 37 92 Sub- Total 37 90 280 16 7 82 195 4 9 44 217 981

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot Total 423 341 217 981 Table 2.4: Various Ethnic Groups residing in Jhapra VDC (By Population) Other Group Dalit Group Janjati SC Brahmi Thakur Chhetr Gosai Gain Dama Loha Sark Total No. Kami Badi Magar n i i n e i r i 1 18 84 443 0 0 146 387 27 17 0 30 1152 2 0 25 236 0 0 12 109 0 0 44 48 474 3 41 83 111 64 0 50 136 8 30 0 0 523 4 132 121 142 0 0 112 64 0 0 0 11 582 5 0 0 0 0 0 22 118 0 0 3 299 442 6 0 4 96 0 0 48 107 0 0 0 181 436 7 0 174 49 0 30 23 71 0 0 96 436 879 8 0 70 385 37 0 49 162 0 0 80 66 849 9 19 0 191 4 0 19 30 0 0 61 233 557 Sub- 210 561 1653 105 30 481 1184 35 47 284 1304 5894 Total

Total 2529 2061 1304 5894

30.0

28.0 25.0 22.1 20.1 20.0

15.0

9.5 8.2 Numberin % 10.0 4.8 1.8 0.8

3.6 5.0 0.5 0.6

0.0 Badi Kami Sarki Lohar Gaine Damai Magar Gosain Chhetri Thakuri Brahmin Various Ethnic Group

Fig 2.1: Various Ethnic Groups residing in the VDC

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot 2.7.3 Culture

The socio cultural practice of the all communities of this VDC is inherently shaped by a Hindu culture. The dominant case group is Chhetri followed by Sarki, Thakuri, Kami etc respectively. The important festivals celebrated in the road influenced area are Dasain, Tihar, Holi, Chatra Dasain, New Year, Maghe-Sakranti, Ashare Tihar, Janai Purnima, Pitri Puja, Teej, Bhadau Purnima, Shivaratri, Krishnastami and Mangsir Purnima. All the communities in the project area celebrate these festivals with mutual harmony and respect.

2.7.4 Literacy

Among the total population 42.98% are illiterate and 57.02 % populations are found literate which is higher than the district average literacy rate of 39.36%. The educational status is shown in the following table.

Table 2.5: Status of Literacy of the VDC

Descriptions SC-1 SC -2 SC- 3 SC- 4 SC- 5 SC-6 SC- 7 SC- 8 SC- 9 Total

Male - 400 153 173 220 145 158 243 265 171 1928 Literate Female - 292 125 159 163 117 107 141 196 133 1433 Literate Total - 692 278 332 383 262 265 384 461 304 3361 Literate Total 1152 474 523 582 442 436 879 849 557 5894 Population

2.7.5 Occupation and Seasonal Migration

Agriculture is the main occupation of the majority of the people. A few are doing business. Similarly, a few have service, labor as their occupation. The outcome of the field assessment on occupational status of the VDC is presented in the following table.

Table 2.6: Occupational pattern of the VDC WRMSC Social Major Occupations Total no Group Agriculture Business Job Labour Foreign Others HHs Dalit 84 6 0 0 0 0 90 Janjati 6 0 0 0 0 0 6 1 Others 74 0 4 1 0 0 79 Total 164 6 4 1 0 0 175 Dalit 24 3 0 2 0 0 29 Janjati 8 0 0 1 0 0 9 2 Others 40 0 0 2 0 0 42 Total 72 3 0 5 0 0 80 Dalit 32 5 0 1 0 1 39 Janjati 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Others 41 1 3 7 0 1 53 Total 73 6 3 8 0 2 92

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Water Resources Management Committee, Jhapra VDC 2009

Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot WRMSC Social Major Occupations Total no Group Agriculture Business Job Labour Foreign Others HHs Dalit 26 2 1 0 0 0 29 Janjati 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 Others 66 0 2 0 0 0 68 Total 93 2 3 0 0 0 98 Dalit 24 2 0 0 0 0 26 Janjati 45 0 2 0 0 0 47 5 Others 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 69 2 2 0 0 0 73 Dalit 25 0 0 0 0 0 25 Janjati 26 0 0 0 0 0 26 6 Others 16 0 1 0 0 0 17 Total 67 0 1 0 0 0 68 Dalit 36 1 0 0 0 2 39 Janjati 80 0 0 0 0 0 80 7 Others 37 0 1 2 0 0 40 Total 153 1 1 2 0 2 159 Dalit 41 5 2 0 0 0 48 Janjati 10 0 1 0 0 0 11 8 Others 80 0 1 4 0 0 85 Total 131 5 4 4 0 0 144 Dalit 16 0 0 0 0 0 16 Janjati 36 0 0 1 0 0 37 9 Others 38 0 0 1 0 0 39 Total 90 0 0 2 0 0 92 Grand Total 912 25 18 22 0 4 981

2.7.6 Agriculture and Livestock

Subsistence agriculture with rising of livestock constitutes to be the major source of livelihood in the VDC. Depending on the topography of the agricultural land and available irrigation facilities, paddy and wheat are cultivated in Khet land, whereas maize and millet are the principal crops grown in Bari land. There is practiced that the wheat and paddy (Ghaiga-dhan – called Chhumrung) are also cultivated in Bari land Major vegetables grown in the VDC are potato, radish, gourd, pumpkin, cucumber, beans, onion and eggplant.

The products are for their own consumption. Almost all the households rear domestic animals such as buffalo, cow, ox, goat, sheep, ducks and chicken.

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot 2.7.7 Seasonal calendar

In Community based development activities it is very essential that the community plans and executives during periods it is least busy or occupied. In an agro-based subsistence economy like ours, members of the community are often busy during the peak agricultural periods. In order to plan community-based activities it is also necessary to determine the times and periods when they are less preoccupied like of Magh when the agricultural activities are relatively lessened and can actively participate in various development activities. The figure below gives the detail of the pre-occupation of the community members in various months starting from Baisakh for Jhapra VDC.

35 30 25 20 15 10

No Busy of Days 5 0 Magh Kartic Aswin Ashad Poush Jestha Falgun Chaitra Bhadra Mangsir Baishak Baishak Shrawan Male Months Female

Figure 2.2: Seasonal Calendar of the VDC

2.7.8 Economy and Wealth Ranking

The wealth ranking indicates the status of livelihood of the local people in terms of assets availability, richness, self sufficiency or having regular income based on the local condition. It is a relative indicator and may vary from VDC to VDC. For the social assessment purpose the criteria adopted for well being ranking are as follows:

Very Poor • Disable • Life-long sick • Having food sufficiency for less than 6 months from their own production • No other income source • dependent mainly on daily labor basis work

Poor • Having food sufficiency for more than 6 but less than 12 months from their own production • Having some income sources like from livestock

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Water Resources Management Committee, Jhapra VDC 2009

Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot Medium • Service holder • Having food sufficiency for a whole year from their own production and some have even surplus for selling • Having the land in terai

Though the major occupation of the people residing in Jhapra VDC is agriculture and livestock, the VDC is found food deficit area. Based on the above criteria wealth ranking of each household was assessed and the outcomes are presented in the following table.

Table 2.7: Summary of Wealth Ranking of Jhapra VDC WRMSC Level Social Group Total HHs no Very Poor Poor Medium Dalit 0 3 87 90 Janjati 0 6 0 6 1 Other 9 25 45 79 Total 9 34 132 175 Dalit 0 2 27 29 Janjati 1 8 0 9 2 Other 0 10 32 42 Total 1 20 59 80 Dalit 1 8 30 39 Janjati 0 0 0 0 3 Other 6 15 32 53 Total 7 23 62 92 Dalit 1 2 26 29 Janjati 0 0 1 1 4 Other 1 23 44 68 Total 2 25 71 98 Dalit 0 5 21 26 Janjati 12 18 17 47 5 Other 0 0 0 0 Total 12 23 38 73 Dalit 3 10 12 25 Janjati 1 18 7 26 6 Other 3 14 0 17 Total 7 42 19 68 Dalit 2 10 27 39 Janjati 7 18 55 80 7 Other 5 18 17 40 Total 14 46 99 159 Dalit 0 3 45 48 Janjati 0 0 11 11 8 Other 1 15 69 85 Total 1 18 125 144 Dalit 0 2 14 16 Janjati 0 0 37 37 9 Other 1 5 33 39 Total 1 7 84 92 Grand Total 54 238 689 981 Source: Social format SA-5t (Survey 2008)

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot

The figure below shows that about 6 percent of total 6% households are ranked very 24% Very Poor poor, 24 percent is poor and the Poor remaining households are Medium medium, which is shown in the 70% adjacent figure also.

Figure 2.3: Wealth Ranking of the Jhapra VDC

2.7.9 Local Human Resources

Local human resources have a vital role in implementation of schemes at local level. From the field survey a number of such human resources like mason - 47 nos, plumber – 11 nos, carpenter– 80 nos, Community Health Workers (Women / Volunteers - 8 nos were identified.

2.7.10 Availability of Local Construction Materials

The cost-wise component of local construction materials may vary project to project. Usually it may content up to 15 - 20 % of the total project cost. Among the local construction materials stone, sand, aggregate, timber, bamboo, slate etc are available within the VDC and average carrying time of those materials ranges from 1 to 8 hrs.

2.7.11 Gender Perspective and Social Inclusion The social assessment was diagnosed women role and participations in local development activities in the VDC. The FGD found that women households in the VDC have not been able to contribute in development activities due to illiteracy, poor health, poverty, cultural taboos and socially and traditionally conservative attitude towards them as provided by male dominated society among all ethnic groups.

Given this situation, the social assessment solicited opinion of gender involvement in different activities. The purpose of this assessment include identifying key issues and explore opportunities of involvement in WUMP preparation and then in implementation by different groups like women, dalit, janjati, underprivileged and marginalized groups.

2.8 SERVICE CENTERS AND FACILITIES

2.8.1 Health

The VDC has access to one health post located in Jhapra WRMSC 03. The sub-health post is run by an Auxiliary Health Worker and is really need of skilled and trained human resources. Moreover, the sub-health post needs the improvement of basic facilities. The people of the VDC are benefited by only 8 nos of Female Community Health Volunteers. For minor health problems people get the service from health post, whereas for major health problems people go to Surkhet or to Nepalgunj, where there are a numbers of modern hospitals. 2.8.2 Education

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Water Resources Management Committee, Jhapra VDC 2009

Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot There are 9 primary schools and 3 secondary schools in the VDC. There are currently 2273 students studying in various schools of the VDC. Among which, 1141 are boys and the remaining are girls. Except these educational centers there is no other Formal or Non- formal Education (NFE) campaign in the VDC. The educational institutions with students and available teacher in the VDC are shown in the following table.

Table 2.8: Enrollment of Students and Status of Teachers in the School of Jhapra VDC WRMSC Level of Descriptions Total School SC -1 SC -2 SC - 3 SC - 4 SC - 5 SC -6 SC - 7 SC - 8 SC - 9

No of School 1 2 1 1 0 0 1 2 1 9

Total Students 290 138 43 100 0 0 56 400 68 1095

Primar y Boys 100 67 24 47 0 0 33 181 36 488

Girls 190 71 19 53 0 0 23 219 32 607

No of 5 5 2 4 0 0 1 10 2 29 Teachers

No of School 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total Students 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lower Second ary Boys 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Girls 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

No of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Teachers

No of School 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 3

Total Students 0 0 660 0 0 308 210 0 0 1178

Second Boys 0 0 368 0 0 167 118 0 0 653 ary

Girls 0 0 292 0 0 141 92 0 0 525

No of 0 0 11 0 0 8 6 0 0 25 Teachers

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot 2.8.3 Other Facilities

Development of infrastructure in the VDC is quite poor, as the VDC is not directly accessible to a road or highway. Regular foot-trail exists in the VDC, which are used extensively by people mules for transportation of goods. Suspension trail bridges and water supply schemes were built with the assistance of various institutions at several places. There is no electricity in this VDC. Other infrastructures and social services facilities in the VDC seem also very poor. Even for the basic services, the people of this VDC are dependent on the others' area. The socio-economic characteristics and other available services of Jhapra VDC are summarized in the table below and the details are provided in respective headings.

Table 2.9: Summary of Socio-economic features and Available Services of Jhapra VDC Descriptions SC -1 SC -2 SC- 3 SC - 4 SC - 5 SC -6 SC -7 SC -8 SC -9 Total Area in sq km 3.55 11.49 1.21 0.73 5.04 3.19 11.62 8.35 8.84 54.02 Nos of HHs 175 80 92 98 73 68 159 144 92 981 Total 1152 474 523 582 442 436 879 849 557 5894 Population Male 547 245 263 279 223 205 420 418 269 2869 Female 605 229 260 303 219 231 459 431 288 3025 HHs density 49.3 7.0 76.0 134.2 14.5 21.3 13.7 17.2 10.4 18.2 Population 324.5 41.3 432.2 797.3 87.7 136.7 75.6 101.7 63.0 109.1 density Ethnicity: ( By HHs nos)

Dalit 90 29 39 29 26 25 39 48 16 341 Janjati 6 9 0 1 47 26 80 11 37 217 Others 79 42 53 68 0 17 40 85 39 423 Education: Illiterate in % 39.9 41.4 36.5 34.2 40.7 39.2 56.3 45.7 45.4 43 Literate in % 60.1 58.6 63.5 65.8 59.3 60.8 43.7 54.3 54.6 57 No of water 33 14 20 14 12 10 18 14 5 140 sources Existing Schemes: 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 3 DWS Irrigation 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 Ghatta/ Mills 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Institutions: Sub-Health 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Post Schools in Pr=1, Pr=1, Pr=9, Pr=1 Pr=2 Pr=1 SS=1 Pr=2 Pr=1 Nos SS=1 SS=1 SS=3 Post office 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Bank 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NGO/CBOs Total 14 organizations in overall VDC

Cooperative 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Organizations

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot

Descriptions SC -1 SC -2 SC- 3 SC - 4 SC - 5 SC -6 SC -7 SC -8 SC -9 Total

Available Services:

Telephone Available at SC:-1 and 2

Electricity No Toilets: Temporary 4 0 10 1 0 0 0 9 0 24

Permanent 4 0 3 7 0 0 0 3 0 17 Major A/ L A/ L A/ L A/ L A/ L A/ L A/ L A/ L A/ L A/ L Occupation Major Crops P/M/W P/M/W P/M/W P/M/W P/M/W P/M/W P/M/W P/M/W P/M/W P/M/W grown A- Agriculture, L – Labor, W- Wheat, P- Paddy, M – Maize.

2.9 DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES

2.9.1 Governmental initiated/ or supported Activities

In the VDC there are not many ventures undertaken from government. Some small schemes like water supply, construction of school buildings were taken by the DDC/VDC. Some sectoral agencies have under taken projects in the area for water supply and irrigation schemes. There are a number of local NGOs found actively involved in the area of community development and other income generation activities in the VDC. The local based Mother's club and CBOs are involved in conducting adult education and literacy, mobilizing the local communities into user groups for income generating activities, family planning awareness, health and hygiene programmes, in constructing the temples, naulo/kuwa protection and controlling the alcoholism in the local communities. Among the INGOs LILI/Helvetas, WFP, GTZ are working in the VDC. LILI/Helvetas has supported in construction both conventional and non-conventional irrigation schemes. The major development activities undertaken and ongoing, by either government or non-government organizations in the sub-committee level are presented in the following table. The following information shows the trends of development activities initiated by the different institutions, and the present status of those interventions.

Table 2.10: Development Activities of Jhapra VDC WRMSC Sector Development activities Remarks No Construction of Irrigation System at Simli cluster in 2055 1 Poor B.S. Irrigation Construction of Rajena Pond Irrigation System at Pasuda Good and Masada cluster in 2064 B.S.

Others Construction of Foot trail at Simli in 2056 B.S. Poor

Construction of Foot-trail at Simli, Pasuda, Masada and Good Fupna cluster

Construction of Building at Fupna Cluster. Good

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot WRMSC Sector Development activities Remarks No

Construction of Field at Fupna Cluster with the support of Good REIW/Red Cross Society in 23/1/2065B.S

DWS Construction of Water Supply Scheme at Kaladhunga. Poor

Construction of Rajena Pond Irrigation System at Masara Irrigation Good cluster. 2 Construction of School Building at Kaladhunga cluster. Satisfactory

Others Construction of Road at Fupunthhana cluster with the Running support of Nepal Red Cross society in 20/1/ 2065 B.S.

Construction of Jaljale Water Supply Scheme at 3 ward in DWS Poor 2054 B. S.

Construction of Lamti Khola Pond Irrigation System to1-6 Irrigation Poor ward in 2054 B.S.

Construction of Jana Ekta Primary School at Milan Tole Poor and Dhupi Tole in 2062 B.S.

Construction of Health Post for VDC in 2056 B.S. Poor

3 Construction of VDC Office Building at Jhapra in 2044 B.S. Poor

Others Establishment of Post Box Office at VDC. In rent

Construction of School Building at Ward No. 3 with the Good support of VDC in 2065 B.S.

Construction of Rural Agriculture Road at 3ward With the Under Construction support of District Office in 2064 B.S.

Construction of Wooden Bridge at Tulsin and Lamti Khola Poor for 1-6 ward in 2062, 2056 B.S.

Construction of Aulakatiya Water Supply Scheme at 4 In need of ward in 2056 B.S. rehabilitation DWS Construction of Kada Water Supply Scheme at 4 ward in In need of 4 2054 B.S. rehabilitation

Construction of Kalimati Irrigation System at 4 ward in Irrigation Poor 2036 B.S.

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot WRMSC Sector Development activities Remarks No

Establishment of Plastic Pond from Majhgaun to Layata Irrigation Good Tole with the support of LILI/Helvetas in Jestha 2065 B.S.

4 Establishment of Pragati Primary School at Jhapra in 2058 Running B. S. Others Construction of wooden Bridge at Lamti Khola in 2051 Destroyed B.S.

Construction of Community Water Supply in Baghkhor Reconstruction cluster in 2046 B. S. DWS Construction of Water Supply at ward Nos 5and 6 in 2059 In need of B.S. rehabilitation

Construction of foot-trail at Ward Nos 5and 6 in 2051 B.S. Destroyed

In need of 5 Construction of Bridge at Ward No. 5 in 2055 B.S. rehabilitation

Construction of School Building at Ward nos 5 and 6 in In need of Others 2052 B. S. rehabilitation

Construction of Ram Lower Secondary School at Good Khaltakura cluster with the support of District Office.

Construction of Building for storing Potatoes at Ward No. 5 Good with the support of GTZ.

Construction of Water Supply at Dhanadi, Khadka and DWS Poor Paiya Tole in 2059 B.S.

Construction of Naulee Irrigation System from Lamti Irrigation Destroyed Khola toNaulee in 2048 B.S.

6 Construction of Bhurikhola Main Road at Ward Nos Good 5,6,7,8,9 in 2065 B.S.

Others Construction of Wooden Bridge at Khaltakura cluster in In need of 2035 B.S. reconstruction

Providing training about Agriculture in all tole with the Good support of Himalaya Youth club.

Construction of Drinking Water Supply at Bahun Tole 7 DWS Good cluster in 2064 B.S.

Establishment of School at 7 ward with the support of Others Good Education Office (V.D.C) in 2062 B.S.

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot WRMSC Sector Development activities Remarks No

Construction of Road from Bridge to Saraswati Lower Good Secondary School in 2062 B. S

Construction of Building for storing potatoes at Good BudiyaChaur with the support of D.F.I.D in 2065 B.S.

Construction of Road at Gamka Tole cluster with the Good support of Nepal Red Cross Society /W.F.P. in 2065 B.S.

Construction of Ghari Limti Khola Bridge in 2057 B.S. Poor

Construction of foot-trail from Ward no 5 to Machaena in Under Construction 2065 B. S.

Construction of Building at Ward nos 8 and 9 with the Under Construction support of District Education Office in 2065 B.S. 8 Others

Construction of Limlumti Foot-trail at 8 ward in 2057 B. S. Poor

Construction of Foot-trail with the support of Nepal Red Good Cross Society /W.F.P.

Construction of Drinking Water Supply at Kanda Tole and In need of DWS Sugapani Tole in 2052 B.S. rehabilitation

9 Construction of Road at Kanda Tole with the support of Good Red Cross Society in 2065 Others Establishment of School at Kanda Tole in 2045 B.S. Good

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot

CHAPTER – THREE

EXISTING WATER RESOURCES SCENARIO

3.1 GENERAL

Water resources in the context of Nepal are very much essential for proper economic and social development of the nation. The same is true for Jhapra VDC, which has abundance of such sources. Some of the sources have been already utilized, some are under-utilized and some are not yet utilized. With the proper use of the water resources for drinking, irrigation, power/ energy production and other environmental enhancement uses, the socio-economic condition of the VDC can be enhanced.

3.1.1 Water Sources and Classification

There are altogether 140 water sources assessed in Jhapra VDC and there are mainly 2 types of sources named spring, spring-fed river and stream. Considering the total area of VDC, and the number of sources, the average source density per square kilometer of land become 2.6. The relevant details of identified sources are shown in the following table. The lowest source density is in SC no 9 and the highest is in SC no 4, even though SC no 7 holds the highest land area compared to others. The water sources identified by the local communities by prescribed types are presented in Annex (Vol. I) and Appendix VIII (Vol. II) and summarized in the following table.

Table 3.1: Water sources classification Description of sources WRMSC Source Density Area in sq km Spring -fed No Spring Stream Total in sq. km Stream 1 3.55 32 0 1 33 9.3 2 11.49 12 0 2 14 1.2 3 1.21 20 0 0 20 16.5 4 0.73 13 0 1 14 19.2 5 5.04 11 0 1 12 2.4 6 3.19 8 0 2 10 3.1 7 11.62 16 0 2 18 1.5 8 8.35 13 0 1 14 1.7 9 8.84 5 0 0 5 0.6 Total 54.02 130 0 10 140 2.6

3.1.2 Water Resources Analysis 0%

The details of water sources 7% identified and assessed during the technical assessment in terms Spring various parameters like discharge, Stream Spring -fed Stream location, potential use, water quality, existing use etc.

93%

Figure 3.1: Water sources classification

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot 3.1.2.1 Source by Discharge

Analyzing the measured discharge of the identified sources, about 45 % of sources have the discharge less than 0.1 lps and one source namely Lamti Khola of SC - 01 has the discharge more than 30 lps. The summary of water sources by discharge is present in the following table.

Table 3.2: Summary of water sources by Discharge in the VDC WRMSC No. of Identified Sources by Discharge(lps) Total No. <0.1 0.1 -0.5 0.5 -1 1-30 >30 1 20 12 0 0 1 33 2 6 5 2 1 0 14 3 11 9 0 0 0 20 4 7 6 0 1 0 14 5 6 5 0 1 0 12 6 4 4 0 2 0 10 7 2 11 1 4 0 18 8 5 7 0 2 0 14 9 2 2 1 0 0 5 Total 63 61 4 11 1 140 Percentage 45 44 3 8 1 100 Source: Field survey, 2008

3.1.2.2 Source by Location

The spatial distribution of water sources in Jhapra VDC in terms of location is not uniform. Analyzing the location in terms of altitude of the identified sources, about 39 % of sources are located above 1800m. Among the assessed sources of the VDC, Ghugaune Mul located in Ward no 09, is located at the highest altitude of about 2312m above mean sea level. The summary of water sources by location in terms of altitude is present in the following table.

Table 3.3: Summary of water sources by Location in the Jhapra VDC No. of Sources by Location (in Altitude - meter) WRMSC 2000 - Total No. Up to 1600 1600 - 1800 1800 - 2000 >2200 2200 1 33 0 0 0 0 33 2 9 5 0 0 0 14 3 20 0 0 0 0 20 4 14 0 0 0 0 14 5 0 0 11 1 0 12 6 5 4 1 0 0 10 7 1 3 5 9 0 18 8 14 0 0 0 0 14 9 2 1 1 0 1 5 Total 98 13 18 10 1 140 Percentage 70 9 13 7 1 100 Source: Field survey, 2008

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot 3.1.2.3 Source by Quality

Water quality assessment is a very important task of the technical assessment. But the water quality is assessed by only spot observation of the sources in terms of its location, surrounding vegetations, cleanness, sources protections, present use practices, settlements in and around the sources, possible contaminations of defecates, carcasses etc. Analyzing the sources in terms of water quality of the identified sources, 96 % of sources are assessed as good and can be used for drinking water purposes. But it is understood that the source can be used for irrigation and other purpose though it is rejected for drinking water supply. The summary of water sources by quality is present in the following table.

Table 3.4: Summary of water sources by water quality in the Jhapra VDC WRMSC No. of Sources by Quality No. Good Moderate Poor Very Poor Total 1 32 1 0 0 33 2 12 2 0 0 14 3 20 0 0 0 20 4 14 0 0 0 14 5 12 0 0 0 12 6 7 2 1 0 10 7 18 0 0 0 18 8 14 0 0 0 14 9 5 0 0 0 5 Total 134 5 1 0 140 Percentage 96 4 1 0 100 Source: Field survey, 2008

3.1.2.4 Source by Existing Use

The local communities of the VDC mainly use the sources for drinking water supply purposes. It was found that 78 % of sources are being used for drinking water purpose and it is followed by non- use of 14%. The summary of water sources by existing use is present in the following table.

Table 3.5: Summary of water sources by existing use in the Jhapra VDC WRMSC No. of Sources by Existing Use Total No. DWS Irrigation Ghatta None 1 25 4 1 3 33 2 9 3 0 2 14 3 18 2 0 0 20 4 13 1 0 0 14 5 10 0 0 2 12 6 7 0 0 3 10 7 12 0 0 6 18 8 12 0 0 2 14 9 3 0 0 2 5 Total 109 10 1 20 140 Percentage 78 7 1 14 100 Source: Field survey, 2008

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot 3.1.2.5 Source by Potential Use

Potential use of the identified sources are analyzed under the integrating concept for a number of water sub-sectors such as drinking water supply and sanitation, irrigation and drainage, environment, hydro-power and water energy etc. An intergraded water resources perspective ensures the quality of life of the local people, environmental conditions, and increased opportunities to improve rural livelihoods through rational, equitable and sustainable use of water at the village level. Here 75 % and 23 % of sources are potential for drinking water supply and irrigation respectively and it is summarized in the following table.

Table 3.6: Summary of water sources by potential use in the Jhapra VDC WRMSC No. of Sources by Potential use Total No. DWS Irrigation Ghatta MHP 1 27 5 1 0 33 2 7 7 0 0 14 3 16 4 0 0 20 4 13 1 0 0 14 5 11 1 0 0 12 6 8 0 0 2 10 7 8 10 0 0 18 8 11 3 0 0 14 9 4 1 0 0 5 Total 105 32 1 2 140 % 75 23 1 1 100 Source: Field survey, 2008

3.1.2.6 Source Disputes With help of the local communities 140 numbers of sources were assessed during the technical assessment. Careful attention was given to identify the disputes if any regarding ownership, past and present utilization and future plan. During the field survey, the source disputes were not noted regarding such aspects.

The source dispute at VDC level if arises in future it may be the largely local issue and it can be solved mutually by the WRMC and WRMSC members with consultation with local communities maintaining the transparencies and peoples’ participation in construction, operation and maintenance of the scheme.

3.1.2.7 Water Resources Balance and Demand Analysis

As mentioned above a total of 140 sources were assessed during the technical assessment. Though, there are an abundance number of sources with various discharges in the VDC, the subcommittee no 09 found with low number. Most of the sources located the VDC are either too small or not suitable for gravity DWS. Hence the total demand of the subcommittee will be fulfilled from the sources located in other sub-committee and accordingly the DWS schemes are also proposed.

In general available discharge is seems enough to the requirement of drinking

water in the VDC. Most of the water sources are located at the upstream part of 34

Water Resources Management Committee, Jhapra VDC 2009

Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot the settlement to encompass all household into gravity system; there is no need to seek for other alternatives like rain water harvesting, fog water harvesting, lifting system and so on. Despite of being ample sources at the VDC with considerable discharge in this VDC for the development of irrigation is also not limited though the geology of the VDC seems highly fragile and there exist a several number of landslides of different intensity.

3.2 WATER SUPPLY

Use of water for drinking purpose receives highest priority among various uses of water resources. Hence, the use of existing water sources for drinking purpose has to be assessed thoroughly.

3.2.1 Water Supply and Coverage

In Jhapra VDC, access to piped drinking water scheme including dangling schemes has been provided to about 45.2 % of present population with the existing schemes. Conversely, there is about 54.8% population, which is still deprived of piped water. In addition to this, the functional coverage at present is about 3.38 % instead of 45.2 % and it is because of most of the existing schemes need to be repaired/or rehabilitated and water does not flow in the tap stands of those schemes. Hence, many still use the traditional sources such as Kuwa/Naulo and Pandhero Dharas (spouts). Some of the inhabitants have the access to the tap water. The following table provides the types of sources being used by the inhabitants of different subcommittees and the figure presents classification of sources being used in terms of percentage.

Table 3.7: Type of Water sources being used to fetch water in Jhapra VDC Type of source WRMSC No of Pandhero Piped Water / Kuwa/ Stream/ No HHs Dhara/ Dangling Piped Naulo Kulo Spout Water 1 175 36 69 4 66 2 80 14 49 6 11 3 92 3 31 0 58 4 98 18 28 7 45 5 73 7 31 2 33 6 68 18 5 0 45 7 159 56 30 6 67 8 144 39 50 0 55 9 92 0 29 0 63 Total 981 191 322 25 443

The above table shows that 33 % of the households still use Kuwa/Naulo as their sources of water. Similarly, 45% of the households have the access to piped water supply system including dangling system from the nearby source to their households. About 19 % of the households use Pandhero Dhara/Spout and 3 % of the households use Khola as well.

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Pandhero Dhara/Spout 19% Kuwa/Naulo 45% Stream/Kulo

33% Piped Water / 3% Dangling Piped Water

Figure 3.2 Water Sources Being Used

3.2.2 Existing and On-going Water Supply Schemes in the VDC

At present there is no under construction DWS in the VDC. There are numerous water supply schemes existing in Jhapra VDC, which were assessed during the field survey. These schemes have been or are being implemented with the assistances of local authorities, donors and related sector agencies. An inventory of such schemes with relevant details is presented in Annex (Vol. I), and in Appendix - XI (Vol. II). It was observed those 3 schemes that have already been constructed and providing services to the people. However, most of the old schemes are in need of rehabilitation, repair and maintenance. The table below presents the summarized details of existing and on-going schemes and their respective coverage.

Table 3.8: Existing and On-going DWS schemes in Jhapra VDC Existing Schemes On-going Schemes Total Total WRMSC Total Coverage n No of Benefited Coverage No of Benefited benefited coverage no Pop in % after n schemes Popn in % schemes Popn Pop in % completion 1 1152 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 474 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 523 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 582 2 185 31.79 0 0 0 185 31.79 5 442 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 436 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 879 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 849 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 557 1 14 3 0 0 0 14 2.51 Total 5894 3 199 3.38 0 0 0 199 3.38 Note: * Totally Collapsed scheme ** Population of School ( Students + teachers)

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Water Resources Management Committee, Jhapra VDC 2009

Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot 3.2.3 Service level (SL) Analysis and Hardship Ranking

A "Hardship" indicator can be adopted to classify the local WATSAN situation based on the service level classifications developed and used by various rural water supply and sanitation programs in the country. They have been sum-up with service level classifications using fetching time, quality, quantity, accessibility, reliability and continuity as basic indicators. These indicators give more comprehensive analysis of the WATSAN situation in a given. The following table lists the service level classifications, which has been further analyzed and refined for the current task: Due to limited sources available at required elevations, the schemes do not meet basic service level in terms of quantity, fetching time etc. The existing water supply condition based on service level has been categorized as good (SL 1), moderate (SL 2), poor (SL 3) and very poor (SL 4) depending upon the criteria listed in the following table.

Table 3.9: Criteria for assessing the service level Average Quantity Accessibility to Service level fetching Quality Reliability Continuity (lpcd) source time Good No <= 15 min > = 45 12 mon. >= 6 hr. Easy (SL 1) Contamination Moderate > 15 but <30 < 45 but Moderate Moderately >=11 mon. >= 5 hr. (SL 2) min > 25 Contamination difficult Poor > 30 but < 45 < 25 but High Difficult and >= 10mon. >= 4 hr. (SL 3) min > 15 Contamination dangerous Very Poor Very high Difficult and very > 45 min < 15 < 10 mon. < 4hr. (SL 4 Contamination dangerous

The technical assessment indicates that 14 % of the household in the VDC is enjoying service level one, which implies that the quality of the water should be potable and free from any contamination, turbidity, odor and unwanted taste, per capital quantity available for consumption is above 45 liters, average fetching time is less than fifteen minutes, the source should be reliable through out the year, the supply is continuous for more than/ or equal to six hours and accessibility (or route) to source from the cluster is easy. The details service level assessment of drinking water in each sub-committee in terms of fetching time, accessibility, quantity, quality and reliability is given in Appendix - IX (Vol. II) and summarized in the table below. The Hardship Scoring is based on the calculation using the standard formula: Score = 0*(% of HH in SL 1)+1*(% of HH in SL2)+2*(% of HH in SL3)+3*( % of HH in SL4).

Table 3.10: Subcommittee wise Existing Water Supply Condition of Jhapra VDC Water supply condition WRMSC Ward No. of Hardship SN. (HH) Ranking No. No HHs Very Scoring Good Moderate Poor Poor 1 01 1,2 175 22 102 51 0 116 4th 2 02 2 80 8 27 34 11 162 1st 3 03 3 92 0 76 16 0 117 3th 4 04 4 98 15 63 20 0 104 7th 5 05 5 73 0 64 9 0 112 5th 6 06 6 68 33 27 8 0 64 9th 7 07 7 159 0 150 9 0 106 6th 8 08 8 144 36 108 0 0 75 8th 9 09 9 92 0 64 28 0 130 2nd Total 981 114 681 175 11

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot

1% 12% 18% Good Moderate Poor Very Poor 69%

Figure 3.3 Existing Water Supply Condition

The above table shows that 1 % of the households in Jhapra VDC have the very poor condition. Similarly 18 % of the households have the access to poor water supply condition where as 69 % of the households have moderate. The remaining have good situation and it is presented in the figure also.

While ranking the sub-committee in terms of "Hardship", which defines the existing water supply situation subjectively, in average SC no. 2 holds the top rank and SC no. 6, holds the last rank. These indicate that most clusters of the SC 2 have more difficulties in fetching water with higher fetching time, lesser water consumption, less reliable, moderate quality and not continuity in supply etc.

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Map 3.1: Sub Committee wise Hardship Ranking of the VDC

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot 3.2.4 Water Quantity Available Vs Consumption

Population growth of Jhapra VDC is seems significant and as per current demographic information it is found about 5%. For planning purpose, it has been based on conventional per capita demand for rural gravity system in Nepal ( i.e. 45 lpcd), which is fairly well established now. But in extreme cases, where the available source is unable to provide for 45 lpcd, a lower per capita demand of up to 25 lpcd is also considered. The quality of the water should be potable and free from any contamination, turbidity, odor and unwanted taste. Similarly, accessibility is less than fifteen minutes and the supply is continuous throughout the year. Moreover, number of households per tap stand should ideally be in the range of 7 households per tap. The subcommittee wise water quantity available at cluster vs consumption is shown in the following table and in the following diagram. From the analysis, the average quantity available to a single person is found about 266 lit per day, where as the per capita consumption is just 22 lit and average fetching time is calculated to 21 minutes in the contest of the whole VDC.

Table 3.11: Sub-committee-wise details of Water Quantity Available Vs Consumption SC - SC - SC - SC SC - SC - SC - SC - SC - Descriptions 1 2 3 -4 5 6 7 8 9 Average quantity 155 385 334 141 287 130 341 466 134 available (in lpcd) Average Fetching Time ( 26 23 20 15 26 19 25 20 14 in minutes) Standard Per capita 45.0 Consumption lpcd Average Consumption ( 18 32 19 27 15 22 21 25 20 in lpcd) Source: Field survey, 2008

3.2.5 Sustainability, Operation and Maintenance

In most rural water supply and sanitation programs in Nepal, the beneficiaries are expected to contribute towards the capital as well as the operation and maintenance costs. The intention of these contributions is to demonstrate the commitment of the beneficiaries and develop a feeling of ownership for the implemented systems. Involvement of the community from the initial planning stages to the final handing over of the system helps in the long-term sustainability of such schemes. Similarly, regular operation and maintenance is the responsibility of the community themselves.

None of the existing schemes in VDC has a regular operation and maintenance mechanism like collection of O & M funds, VMW or other such arrangements. The ownership feeling for the existing schemes was not evident, as the community's participation in the planning and implementation process was found to be minimum. Although some funds per tap stand were collected for some of the existing schemes in the VDC, the community was not really aware of its use and purpose. These aspects need to be assessed and rectified in all forthcoming ventures for DWS in the VDC.

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot 3.2.6 Issues in Drinking Water Supply

Community Mobilization and Fund Raising: Successful design and implementation of an infrastructure development program should also involve the community/beneficiaries in its various phases of planning, design, and implementation. Local institutions are developed and strengthened in which "Users' Committees" are formed to monitor the physical condition of projects, to carry out small-scale maintenance work, and to help mobilize resources for major maintenance and repairs. In this context, it becomes crucial that matching funds are raised to develop water supply schemes to augment the resource available with the government. Therefore, taking the community in confidence with regards to planning and /or implementation of schemes is of vital importance for the long-term sustainability of the project of this nature.

O & M Arrangements: Community based projects, especially in the WATSAN sector, are handed over to the community for operation and management after their completion on a phased basis. The users are involved as local partner's right from the beginning to the end of the project. This approach has evolved firmly in all the water supply and sanitation projects in the country. Accordingly, the water users' committees collect the necessary funds for the beneficiaries for future O & M works. There are various modalities for the O & M fund collection but the experience shows that the collection and management of the fund should be left to the discretion of the users committee. In this regard, funds (in cash) are collected from each household as contributions for each tap stand. This has been found quite successful for the establishment of seed money for the O & M fund, and is now being practiced widely in the ADB funded projects implemented by DWSS and others as well.

Local Skills: The concern to utilize the local skills and the use of the term "appropriate technology" have to be used with great care as it is often meant to utilize low-cost technology. As defined earlier, using local skills should be in line with the capacity of the community and the use of the most appropriate technology should be the one that provides the most socially and environmentally acceptable level of services at the least economic cost. Taking these factors into account, local skills and the use of suitable technologies for rural water supply and sanitation systems should be determined. Innovations of various CWSS programs in the country can be explored and adopted where suitable.

Financial Constraints: The dilemma of planners and policy makers has always been to perform the balancing act between available resources and the rising aspirations of the people. This scenario holds true for the WATSAN sector also. In context, implementation of community based water services ought to be done in a phased and prioritized manner. To further expand the resource base, as addressed earlier the community's contribution is critical for alleviating financial constraints.

Conflicts: Conflicts and disputes in the use of sources for drinking water have often been a major impediment to development of the sector at the community level. The Water Resources Act has indicated that priority use of water sources is for drinking with other uses like irrigation and hydropower coming next. In this regard, the role of the District Water Resources Committee (DWRC) in conjunction with the District Water Supply and Sanitation Co-ordination Committee is crucial. Apart from the administrative aspects, disputes and conflicts are largely local issues, which can and should be resolved at the community level. The experience shows that expediting fair representative of people belonging to all strata within the community and strengthening WUCs to mobilize O&M funds by maintaining transparency can greatly reduce conflicts and constraints of both first and second generations. 3.3 SANITATION

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot 3.3.1 Health and Hygiene Practices: in General

Water is an essential requirement for Human life and is also vital for most agricultural and industrial operations. Unfortunately, in addition to its many benefits, water provides a highly effective transmission route for several enteric diseases, which are particularly prevalent in developing countries. The WHO estimates that some 30,000 people die each day from water borne diseases. It is reported that in less developed countries up to 80% illnesses are water related.

As the sanitation and Water Supply programs are closely inter-related, mostly, they are in tandem. It is envisioned that sanitation plays a vital role in the prevention of diseases and to raise the quality life and maximize the benefits being accrued from water supply programs. Arguably, the following are the main basis to further this understanding:

¾ Mere water supply interventions are not effective in the prevention of diseases. ¾ Sanitation alone has a larger impact on health than does water alone. ¾ Hygiene education together with sanitation has better impact on the reduction of water borne diseases. ¾ Improvement in the quality and quantity of water in the communities continues to be important for public health, if implemented together with effective sanitation and hygiene education programs.

3.3.2 Household Sanitation and Toilets

The field assessment found that about 4 % of the households have access to some type of household latrines. The remaining percentage of households HHs without practice open defections causing 4% Acce ss to environmental hazards in the Toilets surrounding areas. The Percentage of HHs having households with access to toilets of the Acce ss to VDC and the sub-committee wise are Toilets presented in the following figures. Limited numbers of household toilets are seen in the VDC. The household wise access to toilets in terms of umber and 96% percentage is presented in the following table figure respectively.

Figure 3.4 Access to Toilet in Jhapra

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot Table 3.12: Sub-committee wise Access to Toilet in Jhapra VDC Permanent WRMSC Total Permanent Temporary without Water None No. HHs Water Seal Seal 1 175 4 4 0 167 2 80 0 0 0 80 3 92 10 1 2 79 4 98 1 0 7 90 5 73 0 0 0 73 6 68 0 0 0 68 7 159 0 0 0 159 8 144 9 3 0 132 9 92 0 0 0 92 Total 981 24 8 9 940

From the social and technical assessment it is observed that the personal, domestic, and environmental sanitation status in all sub-committees of Jhapra VDC seems poor due to lack of knowledge embedded by cultural practices/taboos and poor housing conditions. Moreover, the sanitation facilities in the VDC seems very poor as the general cleanliness of surrounding area is also poor, the water sources being used of drinking water also found likely to be contaminated and the defecation are near by the water sources, there are no changes, garbage pits, soak pits and smokeless chulas (stoves). Further more, the practice of keeping the domestic animals inside residential houses is common. The animal waste / dung have been practiced to collect openly into a pit near by the housed (usually in house- yard or “angan”). This kind of practices is one of the root causes of spreading diseases from such waste disposals and animal dung.

Major diseases in the VDC are gastro-enteritis, the water borne disease like diarrhoea, typhoid and the respiratory infection. Respiratory disease related to the poor indoor air quality related to fuel wood burning in unventilated house conditions and taking of tobacco products.

The above situation shows the urgent improvement of health and sanitation situation of the VDC is must. Health and Sanitation refers to all activities directed to improve and sustain health and hygiene of people in order to raise their quality of life and health status thereby reducing the incidence of morbidity and mortality rates. Moreover, the broad objective of the sanitation program is to increase the level of knowledge and awareness among all levels of the participating community. The program components under sanitation package can be divided as hardware components (such and institutional and household latrines construction, garbage pits, smokeless stove etc.) and software activities (such as, training /orientation, health campaign and cross visits/observation tours, habits of hand-washing with soap etc). The sanitation program encompasses three broad groups such as personal, domestic and environmental hygiene and sanitation activities. Considering the present situation of the VDC these programmes should be implemented along with implementation/repair of corresponding drinking water supply schemes as well as water sources protection and conservation. Moreover a large number of institutional and household latrines are required to be built in the VDC.

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot 3.3.3 Environmental Sanitation

3.3.3.1 Open Defecation and Effects

It was found that people of almost all clusters of Jhapra VDC have very little aware to personal and domestic sanitation. Only 3 % of households have access to some kinds of toilets and the remaining households used to open defecation practices, which is causing environmental hazards and contamination of water bodies in the surrounding area. So, it is obvious and essential that excreta disposal systems are to be designed and constructed in such a way that it will not pollute the water sources.

3.3.3.2 Carcass and Solid Waste Disposal

Solid wastes are those unwanted/unhygienic/hazardous solid/semi-solid substances produced by human and animal activities. There are various types of solid waste like agro- waste, construction waste, industrial waste, carcasses, households waste etc. In the village level the major are agro-waste, households waste and carcasses etc. people have traditionally practiced to collect the cow-dung making a pit near by the house. There are no fixed spots to dispose the carcasses, and people are used to throw the carcass anywhere. Thus, it may cause environmental hazards and contamination possibilities to water bodies.

3.3.3.3 Cremation Area and Effects

In the Hindu traditions the dead body of young and old is burnt in the ghat, usually located in the river banks and of child is filled in a pit in the jungle area. There area a number of such places in the VDC and usually located in the river/stream bank and far from the village. Hence there are no chances of contamination to sources of drinking water used in the VDC.

3.4 IRRIGATION

3.4.1 Land Use Pattern of the VDC

The VDC comprises of various land use type. Among them, forest type contains the highest area and it holds about 76.1 % of the VDC area. Second largest type holds the cultivation land and the last one is the land covered with sand. The details of land use patterns are shown in the following table.

Table 3.13: Summary of land use type in Jhapra VDC Area in Sq. S N Land Type % Km 1 Bush 0.52 1.0 2 Cultivation 11.73 21.7 3 Forest 41.13 76.1 4 Grass 0.24 0.4 5 Sand 0.10 0.2 6 Water Body 0.30 0.6 Total 54.02 100 3.4.1.1 Agricultural Land

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot The study shows that 21.7 % of total area covers the cultivated area. It includes both irrigated land (usually called khet) and non-irrigated land (usually called bari). Depending on the topography and type of the agricultural land and available irrigation facilities, paddy and wheat are cultivated in Khet land, whereas maize and millet are the principal crops grown in Bari land.

3.4.1.2 Irrigated Land

In the VDC, there are a number of small farmer developed and managed irrigation systems. Most of them have temporary structure and seasonal types. Hence they were not assessed during the survey period. It is because of the sources were dry and could not measure.

3.4.1.3 Non Irrigated Land

Out of the total agricultural land majority is found non- irrigated. Under the various proposed irrigation schemes like conventional/non-conventional an addition of 9131 ropanies will have the irrigation facilities. Thus, with the successful implementation of WUMP, about 39.41 % of presently cultivated area will have the irrigation facilities.

3.4.2 Existing Irrigation Systems in the VDC

There are a few number of small farmer developed and managed irrigation systems in the VDC. They are traditional type water diversion systems for irrigating agricultural lands in the area. A short description of existing irrigation schemes is presented in the Annex (Vol. I) and in Appendix XII (Vol.II).

As in other rural areas in Nepal, community people in this area have been operating small farmer managed irrigation systems to irrigate their lands. Streams are the major sources of irrigation. Lamti Khola, Phatke Khola, Sugure Kholi, Musaliya Khola, Ratapani and Timure Khola, Latidhunga Khola, Adhikari Khola and Dariya Khola are the sources that have been used in the VDC to irrigate the corresponding lands.

3.4.3 Issues in Irrigation Development

In an effort to obtain improved results from Government investment, works are underway to search for more effective modus operandi. Past experiences are being reviewed and studied to formulate more effective and sustainable development of the irrigation sector in Nepal. In this regard, it is worthwhile to discuss some of the issues/principles listed below.

Information Sharing: Often difficulties faced at later stages of program implementation can be avoided if a common understanding is established between the target beneficiaries and concerned agencies in the beginning itself. It is always very essential that the target beneficiaries have full access to project/program information, i.e. its policies, processes, objectives, scope and limitations. In other words information dissemination/sharing are important to ensure success for a participatory approach on development.

Demand Driven: Development programs like irrigation should have operational definition that includes the concept of demand driven development for field implementation. This means that request from potential beneficiaries and their priority would be the sole basis upon which initiatives would be taken for project implementation.

Participation of Beneficiaries: The concept of people's participation should also be incorporated in the operational definition of development programs. This concept will involve the organization of the beneficiaries in all stages of the program/project

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot cycle beginning from information sharing to project implementation and consequent operation & maintenance.

Maximum Mobilization of Local Resources: Organized beneficiaries in the form of Users' Group should play the role in operation and maintenance of systems after completion of subprojects. The aim should be to maximize the participation and contribution from the beneficiaries and minimize the role of the concerned agencies. The community should be able and willing to contribute to the initial investment and to assume operation and maintenance responsibilities after implementation.

Sustainable Development: The sustainability of an irrigation system is not a function of the size of the investments; rather it is a function of effective operation and maintenance by organized beneficiaries. Sustainable development is only possible with a participatory bottom-up approach, instead of the traditional top-down centralized approach of the past.

Environmental Conservation: Conserving or maintaining the local environment and ensuring the physical sustainability of subprojects has certain cost associated with it. Therefore, cost estimates of subprojects should also include these costs in the overall project cost.

Women Participation: Importance of women in sustainable development cannot be overlooked anymore. Therefore, new policies for the irrigation sector should ensure participation of women in beneficiaries' organization like the Users' Group.

3.5 MICRO-HYDRO

The utilization of modern energy such as electricity for the social progress, economic development, resource conservation, communications etc. is very important. In this context the VDC has large hydropower potentials. But there are neither under construction nor existing schemes in the VDC.

3.5.1 Energy Consumption and Requirement

There is no electricity consumption in the VDC. Fuel wood and kerosene meets the entire energy needs. However, there is genuine need for electricity in the VDC. MHP will be the most reliable power for the VDC like Jhapra as the VDC is located 150 Km far from the Grid line.

3.6 OTHERS

In the WARM approach besides identifying and developing water supply and sanitation schemes, irrigation schemes, micro-hydro power schemes, other utilities and needs of water resources have also to be identified. These could be environment improvement measures like river training, bank protection, and plantation among others. During the course of the social and technical assessment of the VDC, the community identified several such possibilities and their relative needs. The various kinds of potential water resources usage, as identified by the community are included in the report.

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot

CHAPTER – FOUR

PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

4.1 PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

A study undertaken by IRC in 1999 had identified eight principles of IWRM, which were primarily based on the Dublin (International Conference on Water and Environment (ICWE)- 1992) principles and other more recent developments. The study looked into several participatory water resources projects worldwide with reference to IWRM approach. A participatory assessment methodology was developed by project staff to assess the degree of implementation of the eight principles. The eight principles are as follows:

¾ Water source and catchments conservation and protection are essential ¾ Water allocation should be agreed between stakeholders within a national framework ¾ Management needs to be taken care of at the lowest appropriate level ¾ Capacity building is the key to sustainability ¾ Involvement of all stakeholders is required ¾ Efficient water use is essential and often an important "source" in itself ¾ Water should be treated as having an economic and social value ¾ Striking a gender balance is essential

Based on the international framework, the government of Nepal has been promulgated several acts and regulations to effectively facilitate sustainable development of water resources in particular at the local as well as national level. Some of the relevant acts are the Water Resources Act (1993), Environmental Protection Act (1997) and Local Self- Governance Act (1999). The Local Self-Governance Act of 1999 seeks to delegate greater authority and responsibility to local authorities to Municipalities and VDCs as autonomous bodies and that can levy certain taxes, enter into loan agreements, acquire assets, and participate in legal suits. These bodies have also been given the rights, roles and responsibility for protecting water sources, constructing water supply infrastructure, and preparing, executing and maintaining drinking water supplies. The Act stipulates that village level projects will be done through user committees vested with the power to collect fees from consumers for O & M.

In Nepal, there are a number of successful examples that the involvement of community in planning and management of water supply schemes has continued to show encouragement. Similarly, most of them are sector specific interventions, which have not yet incorporate multi-sectoral approach. Based on universally accepted IWRM approach, the Water Resources Management (WARM) of WAMP/ Helvetas Nepal and Rural Village Water Resources Management Project of FINIDA/Nepal have initiated to demonstrate cross- sectoral /multi-sectoral integration in planning, development and management of water resources in Western, Mid Western and Far-Western parts of the country.

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot 4.1.1 IWRM Approach

The formulation of a National IWRM Plan follows a distinct four phase approach:

¾ Identify the range of water resources issues that occurs across the country and assess their severity, mutual dependence and frequency of occurrence. A “user requirement issue” results from an inadequate matching of user requirements (demand) and water resources availability and quality (supply) while an “impact issue” derives from human activities (which negatively affect the quantity or quality of the water resource) or from natural causes in the case of floods and droughts. International issues should also be taken into account, for instance upstream- downstream issues;

¾ Identify the management interventions at all levels – national, basin, local – which are necessary to address the issues identified. From the interventions required identify the management functions at each level. Management functions include such items as policy development, planning and co-ordination, water allocation, discharge regulation, monitoring, enforcement and information dissemination. Transboundary problems may require concerted international interventions;

¾ Analyze the present institutional capacities at all levels – national, basin, local – and examine the potentials and constraints relating to the issues to be dealt with and functions to be undertaken. The capacities relate to factors such as the efficiency of institutional structures and the adequacy of human and financial resources as well as the adequacy of policies and legislation. International structures and agreements may be required to supplement the national institutions.

¾ Prepare strategies for the development of any deficient parts of the framework of national policies, legislation and regulations for IWRM, for the development of institutional roles that allow a coordinated implementation of IWRM and the required management instruments and associated skills. International strategies have to be developed in collaboration with other riparian nations.

4.1.1.1 Conservation and Protection of Water Resources

Indiscriminate and unplanned use of water sources at the community level has resulted in depleting sources and often contamination of water sources for drinking water. Evidences of combining sanitation, environmental protection through source protection works are available in rural drinking water supply programs. However, they itself are not complete because other adjoining sources and environment are not taken into account. Improved environmental sanitation, catchments protection and judicious usage of water sources at the community level can not only conserve the existing resources, but also lead to its enhancement.

4.1.1.2 Multiple Use of Water

At the community level, water resources are critical, for life, health, food and energy. In other words, usages of water for drinking water and sanitation, irrigation power and other miscellaneous uses need to be integrated in a holistic manner, whereby the community decides and prioritizes the use of available water resources according to local propriety, needs and consensus. Sectoral and scalar approaches to use of water resources have dominated in the past and are still prevailing. This leads to fragmented, uncoordinated development and management of the water resources in one way 48

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot and in other, such development and management interventions found uneconomical, unbalanced and sometimes socially unjustified. So, the multiple uses of water resources/or interdisciplinary boundaries are used in a broadest and cheapest sense. Under the multiple use of water, it is related to achieving of two or more benefits from a single project like in combination of drinking water and drip/sprinkler/pond irrigation; irrigation and ghatta; micro- hydro and irrigation etc, incase of source yield is enough and seems feasible. Hence, multiple use of water means different uses of water considered together to improve the quality of life by fulfilling the basic needs of community in a sustainable manner.

4.1.1.3 Balanced Use of Water

As stated earlier, water resources are not available in indefinite quantities and the sources distributions are not also uniform. Overexploitation of sources and other human activities may cause the disasters like either floods or droughts and various impacts on water resources. Hence, while using the water sources matching of user requirements (demand) and water resources availability and quality (supply) should be highly considered. Rather they are definite and discrete and hence need to be carefully utilized /abstracted such that its usage is balanced and the resources are conserved for future needs.

4.1.1.4 Productive Use of Water

A demand assessment study was carried out for the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Fund Development Board (RWSSFDB) to examine the various factors leading to the demand of water and sanitation services in the rural context of Nepal. This study looked into other manners of using water productively, like vegetable gardening and animal husbandry. The study has indicated that vegetables like Cucumber, Gourd, Bhindi and Carrots are relatively profitable in terms of average Net Returns per liter of water applied. Similarly, it appeared to be rather profitable to raise buffaloes and cows. Animals like Goats, Pigs and Fowls were sold for their meat product and generally at profit. It seems that raising fowl can be a profitable venture especially at a small scale. The study, in fact, recommended that gardening and raising animals may be activities worth promoting in the RWSSFDB water supply and sanitation schemes in an integrated manner.

4.1.1.5 Efficient Use of Water

Domestic water supply and irrigation systems often face major water losses, with leakage percentages of over 50 and 70 percent respectively. Efficiency of water use should be optimal, minimizing water losses during transport, storage and use. Reducing water loss involves aspects related to design, construction and operation and maintenance of systems, as well as user behavior such as leaving taps open or not repairing them. Enhancing efficient water use may also include demand management, reduction in use, reuse, and introduction of water-saving measures and usually known as 3 R principles - Reduce, Reuse and Recycle (in industrial cases). Furthermore, optimization of water resources would mean adequate allocation for various uses and economizing investment needs. Hence, the efficient use of water resources ensures the basic human needs and balances requirements of preserving and resorting ecosystem and their function, in particular in fragile environments, with human, domestic, industrial and agricultural needs including

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot safeguarding the drinking water quality and maintaining its spiritual values.

4.1.2 Water Resources Use Conflicts

At the micro or community use of water sources often leads to conflicts and confrontations. It has been extensively observed that in community water supply projects source conflicts have often "destroyed" the entire development process. It also holds true for community based farmer managed irrigation systems. Therefore, it is imperative that conflict resolutions of this nature should be sorted during the planning stages and this is most effectively done when the community makes the decision itself. This requires a thorough assessment of the available resources and then judicious planning for its usage and development. Here IWRM approach can be made integral to the entire community's decision making and conflict resolution.

4.1.3 Gender and Social Inclusion

Equitable participation of both the genders in the planning and development process with reference to water resources is critical in the sustainability of such ventures. Therefore, effective participation of women in the planning and development process of such interventions is very necessary. This can determine the needs in terms of household requirements, agriculture, livestock, etc. and attach a relative priority index to the available sources, as per the community's desire.

4.1.4 Prioritization of Usage

More and more community based rural water supply and sanitation programs are experiencing multiple source use problems. Giving priority to a water source for a particular use also invites problems and criticisms from and among the community members. Although initially a purely sectoral approach was adopted, many programs now are adopting and integrated approach whereby water usage like drinking water and irrigation or drinking water and power etc. are being considered together. However, this is still limited to a particular scheme or project and not with respect to the entire water resources of a sub-basin or catchments. Therefore, adopting a holistic approach in resource identification, planning and development can ensure efficient and sustainable usage of water resources for the community and set the priority for their use.

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot

CHAPTER – FIVE

WATER USE MASTER PLAN (WUMP)

5.1 SUB-COMMITTEE LEVEL WUMP

Based on the findings of the social and technical assessments, a sub-committee level water profile consisting of measurement and description of water sources identified during the assessments for their potential uses such as drinking water, irrigation, micro-hydro, other applications, etc was prepared serving as a basis for the WUMP to plan, prioritize, execute, operate and manage water related activities in an integrated way. The assessments provided detailed insights into realities of the existing water situation, especially on available discharge, management practices, problems and possible utilization of the water sources.

The information- as the outcome of the social and technical assessment was extensively used in sub-committee level planning. One day workshop was conducted with each WRMSC members including community people to share the findings of the social and technical assessments; to verify the findings; and to prepare action plans by prioritizing activities. During the workshop the participants were exercised on holistic prioritization of water related projects to know the water related needs at sub committee level. At the subcommittee level planning, all potential schemes were prioritized based on the availability of water sources, and need identification of the community. While prioritizing the schemes at sub-committee level, the criteria like hardship, inclusiveness, poor and marginalized group, and social acceptance were highly considered but availability of the budget has not considered.

5.1.1 Proposed Water Supply Sanitation Schemes (New and Rehabilitation)

5.1.1.1 Gravity/Pumping Water Supply Schemes

A total of 66 schemes (including sub-schemes) were identified in the various sub-committees with co-operation of the community members. The existing water supply status of Jhapra VDC revealed that 443 households out of total households of 981 have access to piped water including dangling schemes. Proposed 66 nos of schemes not only will cover the whole uncovered population of the VDC but also cover the clusters of temporary houses (goths). The total cost required for developing these schemes is estimated about NRs 27.58 millions. The VDC requires external support and assistances from sectoral players to develop proposed schemes. The details of the investment and costing, proposed layout and coverage along with other relevant information of each scheme is presented in Appendix –I (Vol. II) and the summary of which is provided in the table below.

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot Table 5.1: Summary of Water Supply Schemes Benefit coverage Investment in NRs WRMSC No of Type Total Estimated Average Per No Schemes Popn HHs Cost Capita Cost 9 New 236 1591 4552272 2861 1 4 Repair 65 401 1851205 4616 2 3 New 23 135 903766 6695 4 New 10+1* 69+671** 1402034 1895 3 1 Repair 16 91 289616 3183 4 New 120 709 1292572 1823 4 1 Repair 21 131 237459 1813 5 7 New 63 345 1674179 4853 6 5 New 58 372 1635387 4396 10 New 79 459 2498501 3045 7 1 Repair 95 513 604169 1178 8 8 New 143 867 3174415 3661 7 New 223 1351 5783703 4281 9 2 Repair 94 571 1686798 2954 Total 66*** 1247 7995 27586076 3450 Note: * and ** - No of school and students correspondently. *** - Including sub- schemes 5.1.1.2 Point Sources Improvement Schemes

36 point source improvement schemes (including sub-schemes) were identified in various sub-committees with the help of local communities. These schemes do not serve the separate uncovered population but intended to provide service to the same household covered by the proposed or existing water supply schemes as an alternative source or till the proposed schemes do not implemented. Moreover, these schemes will facilitate to increase the quality and reliability in addition to the protection of environment. The details of the investment and costing of each scheme is presented in the table below.

Table 5.2: Summary of Point Sources Improvement Schemes WRMSC No of Total HHs Benefited Estimated No Schemes benefited Population cost in NRs

1 3 62 436 39000 2 4 26 157 52000 3 4 10 55 52000 4 7 155 928 91000 5 8 83 526 104000 6 2 103 606 26000 7 3 189 1050 39000 8 5 101 619 65000 Total 36 729 4377 468000

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot 5.1.1.3 Sanitation Schemes

To achieve the intended results of the project under service improvement, the WUMP consist of a comprehensive sanitation plan. Under this plan, it includes both software and hardware activities Under the software activities like awareness raising programme; training, demonstration of pit latrine and construction at households level and at all school level; health and education programme; awareness towards waste disposal at households level; awareness towards personal, domestic and environmental sanitations; various programme to be organized on the occasions of “Sanitation Week”, ” World Water Day” , “ World Environment Day” etc are proposed. Like wise under the hardware part households and institutional toilets are proposed to build along with DWS schemes. The typical design of institutional and households’ latrines are available. Usually, most of the project/ organization are supporting to community for external material like pan, cement, pipe, iron rod etc and collection of local materials like sand, stone, wood, aggregate etc collected by the uses’. Moreover, skilled labor is paid by the project and the users’ contribute unskilled labors including excavation of pits. So, on the basis of support on external materials, transportation of external materials and skilled labor the tentative budget required for household latrine construction is calculated and presented in the table below:

Table 5.3 Summary of Household Toilet Construction No of Estimated cost in NRs Total Estimated cost in WRMSC Benefited HHs (External Support NRs (Including community No HHs toilets only) contribution) 1 167 167 751500 2004000 2 80 80 360000 960000 3 79 79 355500 948000 4 90 90 405000 1080000 5 73 73 328500 876000 6 68 68 306000 816000 7 159 159 715500 1908000 8 132 132 594000 1584000 9 92 92 414000 1104000

Total 940 940 4230000 11280000

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot 5.1.2 Proposed Irrigation Schemes a. Conventional Irrigation Schemes

There are altogether 20 conventional irrigation schemes identified during the fieldwork. All schemes are new. Most of the schemes are in need of semi permanent type of diversion works and maintenance of the canals. The investment required for the various schemes is calculated in Appendix –III (Vol. II) and the summary of which is presented in the following table.

Table 5.4: Summary of Conventional Irrigation Schemes Command area (in Investment ( in NRs) Ropani) WRMSC No of Type Average No Schemes Estimated Summer Winter Cost per Cost Ropani 7 New 3415 3415 1039804 304 1 1 Repair 2600 2600 193465 74 2 2 New 271 271 358356 1322 3 1 New 200 200 483442 2417 5 1 New 390 390 325621 835 6 1 New 40 40 146978 3674 7 2 New 65 65 278766 4289 8 2 New 350 350 367811 1051 9 3 New 285 285 748766 2627 Total 20 7616 7616 3943010 518

b. Non-conventional irrigation schemes (Drip/ Sprinkler Irrigation Schemes)

There are 14 non-conventional irrigation schemes identified during the fieldwork. It includes mainly two types i.e. pond and sprinkler. The investment required for the various schemes is calculated in Appendix –III (Vol. II) and the summary of which is presented in the following table.

Table 5.5: Summary of Non-Conventional Irrigation Schemes Command area (in Investment ( in NRs) WRMSC No of Ropani) Type No Schemes Estimated Cost per Summer Winter Cost Ropani 1 2 Pond 52 52 297151 5714 2 5 Pond 48 48 395753 8245 1 Pond 80 80 168046 2101 3 1 Sprinkler 60 60 153123 2552 4 1 Pond 30 30 152000 5067 5 1 Pond 650 650 342131 526 7 1 Pond 70 70 139603 1994 8 1 Sprinkler 300 300 189304 631 9 1 Sprinkler 225 225 500012 2222 Total 14 1515 1515 2337123 1543

5.1.3 Proposed Hydro- Energy & Micro-hydro Schemes

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot

The community demanded 5 nos of Micro hydropower schemes within the VDC. With implementation of those schemes about 548 households will be benefited.

5.1.4 Proposed Multiple Use System Applications (MUSA)

There are 4 nos of MUSA schemes identified and included in the WUMP report.

Table 5.6: Summary of Investments for MUSA Schemes WRMSC No of Estimated Cost (in Type Sector No Scheme NRs)

DWS and 2 3 New 607338 Irrigation DWS and 3 1 New 238235 Irrigation Total 4 845573

5.1.5 Proposed Environment and Ecology Schemes

A total of 31 environment and ecology related schemes were identified and studied in the course of WUMP preparation. Under this category, it comprised 5 Plantation, 2 land slide control, 14 river training, 7 nursery establishment and 3 cultivated land improvement. The proposed schemes are presented in Appendix VI (Vol. II).

5.1.6 Proposed Other Schemes

The schemes like animal feeding pond, maintenance of trails and bridges are included in the WUMP report. Moreover, all together 8 numbers of Improved Water Ghatta (IWG) and 2 numbers of fish farming also proposed in different sub-committees. The investment required for the various schemes is calculated in Appendix –V (Vol. II) under miscellaneous schemes.

Table 5.7: Summary of Improved Ghatta Schemes WRMSC No of Total HHs Benefited Estimated No Schemes benefited Population cost in NRs

1 3 9 52 270000 2 1 80 474 90000 3 1 92 523 90000 5 1 73 442 90000 6 2 136 872 180000 Total 8 390 2363 720000

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot 5.1.7 Proposed Supporting Activities

Apart from the above, the community has also identified several supporting schemes under the TEWA/SEWA as the major component of WRMP chair model. These schemes are considered as the continuous activities and equally demanded by all sub-committees. The identified scheme under this heading has been listed below.

Table 5.8: List of Proposed Supporting Activities S SC Name of Schemes Activity No no 1 Proposal writing training Capacity building/ leadership development training 2 to WRMC and WRMSC members Workshop on Water Resources Act and Water 3 Resources Management Programme, Local Self Governance act etc 4 Training on Nursery establishment and afforestation Community development and income generation Continues 5 activities like Goat farming, Tailoring, Furniture Activity with the making (Bans-Bet), Herbs collection and processing, co-ordination of Skill development training like tailoring, plumber, VDC, DDC, masons, carpenter, toilet construction, mechanics WARM-P/ 6 All (watch, radio etc), bio-gas plant construction, Helvetas and smokeless chulha construction etc with other Training on vegetable and fruits cultivations, potential 7 veterinary, goat farming etc support Personal/ Households/ Environmental Sanitation organizations 8 (cleanliness of water sources, trails, public places etc) activities Community mobilization and awareness programme 9 targeting women and dalit. Workshop/ various programmes to be organized on 10 the occasion of “Sanitation Week”, ” World Water Day” , “ World Environment Day” etc

5.2 VDC LEVEL WUMP

The Water Use Master Plan (WUMP) of Jhapra VDC is the outcome of intensive interaction with the community on need identification, resource identification, assessment, prioritization and mobilization. A Water Use Master Plan Workshop was conducted with WRMC members and representatives of WRMSCs, member of advisory committee. The workshop was conducted in a highly participatory manner with Group discussions, participatory facilitation, presentation, etc. The specific objectives of the workshop were: • to share the findings of social and technical assessments with the participants; • to verify the field findings of the assessments by the participants; • to acquaint the WRMC members and VDC officials more on the WARM concept and philosophy; • to prepare an action plan by prioritizing activities for the next five years; • to prepare a detailed action plan for the coming fiscal year 2065/066; • to prepare monitoring action plan • to list out potential external and internal collaborators required for the support to implement potential activities; and • to learn on the process to be followed while preparing Water Use Master Plan.

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot

5.2.1 Debate and Prioritization of proposed schemes at VDC Level

Prioritization of proposed schemes at VDC Level was fixed with discussions and verifying the inventories and then debating on planning already done at sub-committee level. The potential schemes presented in the workshop were screened, filtered and prioritized based on the merits of the projects. Following criterions were suggested as a guidance to screen and prioritize the schemes: • Maximum benefit with little cost • Technically/ financially feasible and socially justifiable/ equitable • Hardship and Service level like fetching time, quality, quantity, accessibility, continuity, reliability • Source dispute • Social inclusion considering the Dalit, Poor, marginalized and socially discriminated groups • Higher community participation • Possibility of utilizing internal resources • Less negative environmental impact • Can improve livelihood of the local people Similarly, the proposed schemes • Should not be beyond the capacities of the community for resource management and community participation. • Should not be only process oriented • Should not be more ambitious

5.2.2 Investment Plan in Terms of Long Term Action Plan

The Planning Workshop further refined the priority of the projects in the overall context of the WRMC and its various subcommittees. After finalizing the potential schemes in priority order, the resources required to implement the schemes were identified. While preparing such plan the WRMC officials were asked to refer to the WARM frame as well as to see if there were schemes apart from water supply and sanitation and irrigation.

Under the long term plan, a total of 64 schemes of DWS and 36 schemes of point source improvement are proposed for implementation. Likewise 20 conventional and 14 non conventional type of irrigation, 5 Micro-hydro schemes, 31 nos of environment and ecology related, and 10 schemes in miscellaneous sector are proposed for implementation. As mentioned in sub-committee level panning under the long term plan, availability of the budget has not considered, but five year plan has considered the fund that will be available in the VDC. The proposed five year plan and then long term action plan with priority order set by the VDC level planning workshop is presented in the table below.

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot

Table 5.9: Long Term Plan and Five Year Plan, Jhapra VDC

Priority no Beneficiary Coverage HHs Per Capita/ Name of Total Cost Project Code Type Sector Ropani Source Remarks Scheme Cluster in NRs SC No. Dalit Total Total Cost in Ward No. Others Holistic Total Popn Janajati NRs Sector-wise implementation Area (Ropani) (Ropani) Area Proposed year ofProposed year

SECTOR : WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION Ghugaune Mathillo 1 1 610010PW38 9 9 New DWS 28 4 24 0 183 1611785 8808 2066/067 External Mul DWS Kanda Tole Jaljale 2(a) 610010PW27 7 7 (Lihurepani) New DWS Gamka-A 7 1 6 0 43 273566 6362 2066/067 External 2 DWS Nigaleni 2(b) 610010PW25 7 7 New DWS Sallibhir A 7 0 2 5 39 264324 6778 2066/067 External DWS Mugradhara 3 3 610010PW02 1 1 (Mugra) Repair DWS Fupna-B 10 1 1 8 70 215022 3072 2066/067 External DWS Jalfa Thhan Nalfu-D+ 4 5 610010PW32 8 8 New DWS 36 13 2 21 185 588447 3181 2066/067 External Sisneri DWS Pipal Tole Musle Rajikuri + 5 6 610010PW17 5 5 (Chaurathha New DWS 9 3 6 0 49 278399 5682 2066/067 External Danda Tole ) DWS Khangra 6 7 610010PW41 3 3 New DWS Khangra-C 1 1 0 0 7 96463 13780 2066/067 External DWS Dhanadi Mangraha Tole+ 7 8 610010PW22 6 6 New DWS 13 7 5 1 92 354875 3857 2066/067 External DWS Ghampakha +Danda Repair Simli (Shahi Shahi Simli 8 10 610010PW08 1 1 and DWS 38 25 0 13 238 886726 3726 2066/067 External Simli) DWS Tole extension Khotebasne Pipal 9 12(a) 610010PW42 9 9 New DWS 63 12 13 38 369 1464192 3968 2066/067 External DWS Chautara

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot

Priority no Beneficiary Coverage HHs Per Capita/ Name of Total Cost Project Code Type Sector Ropani Source Remarks Scheme Cluster in NRs SC No. Dalit Total Total Cost in Ward No. Others Holistic Total Popn Janajati NRs Sector-wise implementation Area (Ropani) (Ropani) Area Proposed year ofProposed year

Mathillo Kanda Tole, Dhimane Ghutkane 12(b) 610010PW37 9 9 Repair DWS 92 16 37 39 557 1435320 2577 2066/067 External DWS Gadh Tole, Tallo Kanda Tole Furkekhola 10 13 610010PW43 6 6 New DWS Nauli 7 3 2 2 46 182528 3968 2066/067 External DWS Ghasemela/ Kanda+ 11 14 610010PW44 4 4 Chorpani New DWS 12 3 0 9 71 281728 3968 2066/067 External Lamapani DWS Pakhepani Mathillo 12 15 610010PW45 8 8 New DWS 6 1 0 5 46 182528 3968 2066/067 External DWS Nalfu Chadara Mul 13 16 610010PW20 5 5 New DWS Khaltakura 15 13 2 0 73 307737 4216 2066/067 External DWS Shawandhar 14 17 610010PW11 3 3 New DWS Dhupi 8 6 0 2 54 244449 4527 2066/067 External a DWS Majh Kharka, Budiya 15 18 610010PW46 7 7 Chaur, New DWS Budiyachaur 3 0 3 0 14 105348 7525 2066/067 External Jhilkane, Kajikaraina DWS 19(a Dharekhola Tallo Kanda 16 610010PW47 9 9 New DWS 28 4 24 0 183 726144 3968 2067/068 External ) DWS Tole Warekharka 17 20 610010PW48 2 2 New DWS Kupunnaula 3 0 0 3 17 142312 8371 2067/068 External DWS Shawan 18 21 610010PW16 4 4 Dhara-A New DWS Bayali Khola 5 5 0 0 29 151909 5238 2067/068 External DWS

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot

Priority no Beneficiary Coverage HHs Per Capita/ Name of Total Cost Project Code Type Sector Ropani Source Remarks Scheme Cluster in NRs SC No. Dalit Total Total Cost in Ward No. Others Holistic Total Popn Janajati NRs Sector-wise implementation Area (Ropani) (Ropani) Area Proposed year ofProposed year

Jukepani Jukepani 19 22 610010PW49 7 7 New DWS 2 0 2 0 14 105348 7525 2067/068 External DWS Tole Imisisneri Ratikhali 20 24 610010PW50 8 8 New DWS 25 6 0 19 150 595200 3968 2067/068 External DWS Tallo Nalfu

21 25 610010PW10 3 3 Jaljale DWS Repair DWS Jhapra Tole 16 0 0 16 91 289616 3183 2067/068 External

Panimula 22 26 610010PW51 1 1 New DWS Fupna 63 20 7 37 446 946348 2122 2067/068 External DWS Kalayadhara 23 27 610010PW04 1 1 New DWS Pasuda 29 19 0 10 206 343514 1668 2067/068 External DWS Lakhuri 24 29 610010PW52 3 3 New DWS Baishana-A 1 0 0 1 8 95843 11980 2067/068 External DWS Raini Gaun 25 30 610010PW15 4 4 New DWS Aulakatiya 5 5 0 0 27 173503 6426 2067/068 External Mul DWS Jukepani 26 31 610010PW18 5 5 New DWS Bagkhor 15 1 14 0 85 266319 3133 2067/068 External DWS Khadka + Muslekhola 27 32 610010PW53 6 6 New DWS Majh + 29 8 10 11 184 730112 3968 2067/068 External DWS Danda Bahun Tole, Panikhola 28 33 610010PW28 7 7 New DWS Dhaireni 12 1 8 3 70 260859 3727 2067/068 External DWS Tole Barseni 29 34 610010PW54 8 8 New DWS Tallo Nalfu 25 6 0 19 150 595200 3968 2067/068 External DWS Ghutakane Ghutkane 30 35 610010PW40 9 9 Repair DWS 2 0 2 0 14 251478 17963 2067/068 External Khola DWS Gadh Tole Lamtikhola 31 37 610010PW55 4 4 New DWS SC:-04 98 29 1 68 582 685432 1178 2068/069 External DWS

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot

Priority no Beneficiary Coverage HHs Per Capita/ Name of Total Cost Project Code Type Sector Ropani Source Remarks Scheme Cluster in NRs SC No. Dalit Total Total Cost in Ward No. Others Holistic Total Popn Janajati NRs Sector-wise implementation Area (Ropani) (Ropani) Area Proposed year ofProposed year Bal 32 38 610010PW56 3 3 Dhand DWS New DWS Secondary 1 671 965279 1439 2068/069 External School Gogankhola 33 39 610010PW57 8 8 New DWS Ranga 12 0 2 10 86 294621 3426 2068/069 External DWS Kotmara Mul 34 40 610010PW24 6 6 New DWS Kotmara 7 4 3 0 40 256167 6404 2068/069 External DWS

35 41 610010PW58 7 7 Aireni DWS New DWS Bahungaun 12 3 9 0 70 260859 3727 2068/069 External

Chisimul 36 43 610010PW59 9 9 New DWS Paltakharka 20 7 0 13 123 488064 3968 2068/069 External DWS Deupuri 37 44 610010PW60 1 1 New DWS Deupuri 9 2 0 7 51 329103 6453 2068/069 External DWS Khiragairi Khiragairi 38 47 610010PW61 6 6 New DWS 2 0 2 0 10 111705 11170 2068/069 External DWS DWS Tallo 39 48 610010PW62 7 7 Sallibhir New DWS Sallibhir 7 0 2 5 39 264324 6778 2068/069 External DWS Thanse 40 49 610010PW63 8 8 Pahiro Mul New DWS Ranga 8 3 2 3 54 222747 4125 2068/069 External DWS 50(a Tapkaune 41 610010PW64 9 9 New DWS Paltakharka 22 7 1 14 133 527744 3968 2068/069 External ) DWS Masada 42 51 610010PW03 1 1 (Gairikhet) New DWS Fupna-E 4 4 0 0 26 301658 11602 2068/069 External DWS Khumrekhar 54(a Bherikhola ka 43 610010PW65 9 9 New DWS 44 11 9 24 248 521358 2102 2069/070 External ) DWS Pipalchautar a Toilet 44 55 610010PS01 6 6 New Sanitation W No-06 68 25 26 17 436 816000 1872 2069/070 External Construction

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot

Priority no Beneficiary Coverage HHs Per Capita/ Name of Total Cost Project Code Type Sector Ropani Source Remarks Scheme Cluster in NRs SC No. Dalit Total Total Cost in Ward No. Others Holistic Total Popn Janajati NRs Sector-wise implementation Area (Ropani) (Ropani) Area Proposed year ofProposed year

Bangekholi 45 56 610010PW66 5 5 Jaljale DWS New DWS 2 2 0 0 13 145216 11170 2069/070 External Tole Mastamandi Aulakatiya+ 46 58 610010PW39 4 4 Repair DWS 21 6 1 14 131 237459 1813 2069/070 External r DWS Jaishitole Toilet 47 59 610010PS02 7 7 New Sanitation W No-06 159 39 80 40 879 1908000 2171 2069/070 External Construction Badakhola 48 62 610010PW05 1 1 (Bada Mul) New DWS Fupna D 7 1 0 6 48 309744 6453 2069/070 External DWS

Toilet 49 63 610010PS03 3 3 New Sanitation W No-03 79 39 0 53 523 948000 1813 2069/070 External Construction

Jhapra Mul 50 65 610010PW67 1 1 Repair DWS Baishana 12 12 0 0 64 412992 6453 2069/070 External DWS

Tarapatal 51 68 610010PW68 5 5 New DWS Tarapatal 3 1 2 0 20 158741 7937 2069/070 External DWS

Totkebanjh Lamtidanda 52 70 610010PW69 2 2 New DWS 10 59 380727 6453 2070/071 External DWS Pakho Sugapani Paninaula 53 71 610010PW70 9 9 New DWS Tole, 18 1 1 16 112 444416 3968 2070/071 External DWS Panimula Jaljale(Lihur Repeat 54 72 610010PW71 7 7 New DWS Gamkatole 7 1 6 0 43 273566 6362 2070/071 External epani) DWS ed

Thakuri Fupna, 55 74 610010PW72 1 1 New DWS 63 20 7 37 446 953346 2138 2070/071 External Dhara DWS Majhtole

78(a Toilet 56 610010PS04 9 9 New Sanitation W No-09 92 16 37 39 557 1104000 1982 2070/071 External ) Construction

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot

Priority no Beneficiary Coverage HHs Per Capita/ Name of Total Cost Project Code Type Sector Ropani Source Remarks Scheme Cluster in NRs SC No. Dalit Total Total Cost in Ward No. Others Holistic Total Popn Janajati NRs Sector-wise implementation Area (Ropani) (Ropani) Area Proposed year ofProposed year

Harala Tallo Nalfu-A 57 80 610010PW30 8 8 New DWS 25 6 0 19 150 470615 3137 2070/071 External Rukha DWS + Simaljha

Chhipchhipe 58 84 610010PW73 1 1 Repair DWS Mill Bazar 5 0 0 5 29 336465 11602 2070/071 External DWS

Aguwakhark Bakkedandi 59 85 610010PW74 2 2 a Katelkhola New DWS Aguwakhark 10 59 380727 6453 2070/071 External DWS a

PRIORITY RANKING AFTER IMPLEMENTATION OF ABOVE PLAN Toilet Exte 60 87 610010PS05 4 4 New Sanitation W No-04 90 29 1 68 582 1080000 1856 Contd…. Construction rnal Danda Tole Exte 61 88 610010PW75 5 5 New DWS Danda Tole 12 11 1 0 59 256413 4346 Contd…. DWS rnal 90(a Dhupikhola Exte 62 610010PW29 7 7 New DWS Shah Tole 2 0 0 2 9 222083 24676 Contd…. ) DWS rnal Naulee+ Exte 63 97 610010PW76 5 5 Nauli DWS New DWS 7 4 2 1 46 261354 5682 Contd…. Khiragairi rnal 101( Mukhiya Exte 64 610010PW01 1 1 New DWS Fupna-C 11 5 0 6 66 325943 4939 Contd…. a) Dhara DWS rnal 106( Toilet Exte 65 610010PS06 5 5 New Sanitation W N-05 73 25 26 17 436 876000 2009 Contd…. c) Construction rnal Mathillo Machhina+ Exte 66 108 610010PW77 7 7 Sapchhiuri New DWS 20 118 468224 3968 Contd…. Dudekharka rnal DWS Toilet Exte 67 122 610010PS07 8 8 New Sanitation W No-08 132 48 11 85 849 1584000 1866 Contd…. Construction rnal Shahi Simli Exte Repeat 68 128 610010PW08 1 1 New DWS Shahi Simli Tole 38 25 0 13 238 886726 3726 Contd…. DWS rnal ed

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot

Priority no Beneficiary Coverage HHs Per Capita/ Name of Total Cost Project Code Type Sector Ropani Source Remarks Scheme Cluster in NRs SC No. Dalit Total Total Cost in Ward No. Others Holistic Total Popn Janajati NRs Sector-wise implementation Area (Ropani) (Ropani) Area Proposed year ofProposed year

Kosepalta Exte 69 129 610010PW07 1 1 New DWS Baishana 12 12 0 0 64 155890 2436 Contd…. DWS rnal Toilet Exte 70 130 610010PS08 2 2 New Sanitation W No-02 80 29 9 42 474 960000 2025 Contd…. Construction rnal Ramri, Rokaya, Kuirepani Exte 71 145 610010PW78 7 7 Repair DWS Kafla, Shaha, 95 16 54 25 513 604169 1178 Contd…. DWS rnal Bahungaun Master Exte 72 154 610010PW31 8 8 New DWS Tallo Nalfu 'B' 6 1 0 5 46 225057 4893 Contd…. Dhara DWS rnal Toilet Exte 73 162 610010PS09 1 1 New Sanitation W No-01 167 90 6 79 1152 2004000 1740 Contd…. Construction rnal SECTOR : ENVIRONMENT & ECOLOGY Kalimati Environme Exte 1 67 610010PO03 4 4 Bank New nt W No-04 98 29 1 68 582 320000 550 2069/070 rnal Protection /Ecology Lamtikhola Environme From Barke Exte 2 76 610010PO04 6 6 Bank New nt Majhgaun to 320000 2070/071 rnal Protection /Ecology Mauju Environme Tree Exte 3 82 610010PO05 9 9 New nt Kandatole 90 16 35 39 543 20000 37 2070/071 plantation rnal /Ecology Lamtikhola Environme Kholaket, Exte 4 83 610010PO06 6 6 Bank New nt 21 124 320000 2581 2070/071 Kalimati rnal Protection /Ecology PRIORITY RANKING AFTER IMPLEMENTATION OF ABOVE PLAN Environme Bank Exte 5 92 610010PO07 9 9 New nt Pipal Chautara 22 4 8 10 115 320000 2783 Contd…. Protection rnal /Ecology Nursery Environme Exte 6 93 610010PO08 9 9 Establishme New nt Pipal Chautara 22 4 8 10 115 75000 652 Contd…. rnal nt /Ecology

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot

Priority no Beneficiary Coverage HHs Per Capita/ Name of Total Cost Project Code Type Sector Ropani Source Remarks Scheme Cluster in NRs SC No. Dalit Total Total Cost in Ward No. Others Holistic Total Popn Janajati NRs Sector-wise implementation Area (Ropani) (Ropani) Area Proposed year ofProposed year Environme Tree Exte 7 98 610010PO09 4 4 New nt W No-04 98 29 1 68 582 20000 34 Contd…. plantation rnal /Ecology Environme River From Ekle Salli Exte 8 99 610010PO10 3 3 New nt 320000 Contd…. Training to Mill Bazer rnal /Ecology Environme Exte 9 104 610010PO11 3 3 Nursery New nt Tatapakha 1 0 0 1 5 75000 15000 Contd…. rnal /Ecology Environme Tree Kalimati+ Exte 10 107 610010PO12 6 6 New nt 20000 Contd…. plantation Ategan rnal /Ecology Environme Bank Exte 11 110 610010PO13 8 8 New nt W No-08 144 48 11 85 849 320000 377 Contd…. Protection rnal /Ecology Jukepani Environme From Exte 12 111 610010PO14 7 7 Bank New nt Bhakbhake to 55 556 320000 576 Contd…. rnal Protection /Ecology Jukepani Environme Tree Exte 13 114 610010PO15 3 3 New nt Comunity Forest 92 39 0 53 523 20000 38 Contd…. plantation rnal /Ecology Lamtikhola Environme Exte 14 119 610010PO16 3 3 Bank New nt 320000 Contd…. rnal Protection /Ecology Environme River Exte 15 123 610010PO17 8 8 New nt Ranga,Nalfu 131 45 5 81 756 320000 423 Contd…. Training rnal /Ecology Land Environme 126( Exte 16 610010PO18 3 3 Improvemen New nt W No-03 92 39 0 53 523 75000 143 Contd…. b) rnal t /Ecology Environme Landslide Baghkhor + Exte 17 132 610010PO19 5 5 New nt 24 4 20 0 143 75000 524 Contd…. Control Rajikuri rnal /Ecology

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Priority no Beneficiary Coverage HHs Per Capita/ Name of Total Cost Project Code Type Sector Ropani Source Remarks Scheme Cluster in NRs SC No. Dalit Total Total Cost in Ward No. Others Holistic Total Popn Janajati NRs Sector-wise implementation Area (Ropani) (Ropani) Area Proposed year ofProposed year Environme Landslide Exte 18 134 610010PO20 8 8 New nt Ranga,Nalfu 131 45 5 81 756 75000 99 Contd…. Protection rnal /Ecology Bhadaule Environme 140( Exte 610010PO21 2 2 River New nt W No-02 80 29 9 42 474 320000 675 Contd…. a) rnal Training /Ecology 19 Dhungebari Environme 140( Exte 610010PO22 2 2 River New nt W No-02 80 29 9 42 474 320000 675 Contd…. b) rnal Training /Ecology Nursery Environme Exte 20 141 610010PO23 5 5 Establishme New nt Rajikuri 10 3 7 0 52 75000 1442 Contd…. rnal nt /Ecology Cultivatived Environme Exte 21 142 610010PO24 7 7 Land New nt W No-07 159 39 80 40 879 75000 85 Contd…. rnal Protection /Ecology Nursery Environme Exte 22 143 610010PO25 8 8 Establishme New nt Ranga,Nalfu 131 45 5 81 756 75000 99 Contd…. rnal nt /Ecology Cultivated Environme Land Kapunnaula, Exte 23 147 610010PO26 2 2 New nt 31 21 3 7 183 75000 410 Contd…. Improvemen Kaladhunga rnal /Ecology t Environme 149( Kafalko Exte 24 610010PO27 1 1 New nt Khatritole 3 17 320000 18824 Contd…. b) Rukh RT rnal /Ecology Nursery Environme Wari Exte 25 150 610010PO28 2 2 Establishme New nt Kaladhunga, 69 29 5 35 423 75000 177 Contd…. rnal nt /Ecology Fupunthana Environme Tree Exte 26 151 610010PO29 5 5 New nt Rajikuri 3 1 2 0 20 20000 1000 Contd…. plantation rnal /Ecology Nursery Environme Budiyachaur, Exte 27 152 610010PO30 7 7 Establishme New nt 13 1 11 1 79 75000 949 Contd…. Gamka rnal nt /Ecology

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Priority no Beneficiary Coverage HHs Per Capita/ Name of Total Cost Project Code Type Sector Ropani Source Remarks Scheme Cluster in NRs SC No. Dalit Total Total Cost in Ward No. Others Holistic Total Popn Janajati NRs Sector-wise implementation Area (Ropani) (Ropani) Area Proposed year ofProposed year Environme Fruit Fupunthana, Exte 28 155 610010PO31 2 2 New nt 69 29 5 35 413 75000 182 Contd…. Nursery Kaladhunga rnal /Ecology Environme 156( Chaudhako Fupna, Exte 29 610010PO32 1 1 New nt 7 1 0 6 48 320000 6667 Contd…. b) Dhara RT Majhatole rnal /Ecology Environme Asure Khet Exte 30 163 610010PO33 1 1 Repair nt Ashurekhet 25 148 320000 2162 Contd…. RT rnal /Ecology SECTOR : IRRIGATION 19(b Dharekhola Exte 1 610010PI11 9 9 New IP Mathillo Kanda 70 28 4 24 0 183 274205 3917 2067/068 ) IP rnal 45(b Chinukhana 20 Exte 2 610010PI12 3 3 New IP W No. 03 92 39 0 53 523 483442 2417 2068/069 ) IP 0 rnal 50(b Exte 3 610010PI13 9 9 Tapkaune IP New IP 90 22 7 1 14 133 172410 1916 2068/069 ) rnal Exte 4 53 610010PI14 4 4 Plastic Pond New IP Aulakatiya 30 5 5 0 0 27 152000 5067 2069/070 rnal 54(b Bherikhola 12 Exte 5 610010PI15 9 9 New IP 44 11 9 24 248 302151 2417 2069/070 ) IP 5 rnal Phatke Pari Kaladhunga Exte 6 61 610010PI02 2 2 New IP 76 13 13 0 0 73 159644 2101 2069/070 Khola IP -A rnal Lamtikhola Exte 7 69 610010PI16 6 6 New IP Aamchaur 40 12 71 146978 3674 2069/070 IP rnal Warekhola Fupunthana 19 Exte 8 73 610010PI17 2 2 New IP 34 8 2 24 203 198712 1019 2070/071 IP Tallo + Mathillo 5 rnal 78(b Karesabari 22 Exte 9 610010PI18 9 9 New IP W No-09 92 16 37 39 557 500012 2222 2070/071 ) IP 5 rnal Juredhunga Exte 10 86 610010PI19 3 3 New IP KhangraTole 80 20 9 0 11 106 168046 2101 2070/071 Plastic Pond rnal

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Priority no Beneficiary Coverage HHs Per Capita/ Name of Total Cost Project Code Type Sector Ropani Source Remarks Scheme Cluster in NRs SC No. Dalit Total Total Cost in Ward No. Others Holistic Total Popn Janajati NRs Sector-wise implementation Area (Ropani) (Ropani) Area Proposed year ofProposed year

PRIORITY RANKING AFTER IMPLEMENTATION OF ABOVE PLAN 90(b Dhupikhola Budhagaun, Exte 11 610010PI20 7 7 New IP 5 43 7 30 6 242 125643 25129 Contd…. ) IP Dhanr, Chaur rnal Saurekholi Wari Exte 12 100 610010PI21 2 2 Plastic Pond New IP Kaladhunga - A, 10 10 2 2 6 60 136431 13643 Contd…. rnal IP B 101( Lamtikhola From Lamti to 26 Exte 13 610010PI22 1 1 Repair IP 21 124 193465 74 Contd…. b) IP Saintara 00 rnal Sagta Khola Santakhola 19 Exte 14 102 610010PI23 1 1 New IP Masada 40 24 0 16 276 181234 93 Contd…. IP 50 rnal Pashuda Naula Wari Exte 15 103 610010PI24 2 2 Plastic Pond New IP 8 9 1 2 6 53 134262 16783 Contd…. Kaladhunga - B rnal IP 106( Muslekhola 39 Exte 16 610010PI25 5 5 New IP SC:-3, Rajikuri 73 26 47 0 442 325621 835 Contd…. b) IP 0 rnal 10 Exte 17 109 610010PI26 8 8 Imimul IP New IP Imi 30 10 0 20 192 210058 2101 Contd…. 0 rnal Kanda Exte 18 116 610010PI01 1 1 Plastic Pond New IP Deupuri 27 9 2 0 7 51 154290 5714 Contd…. rnal IP Tallo Exte 19 117 610010PI27 1 1 Bhusedhara New IP Pipal Danda 25 13 7 0 6 77 142861 5714 Contd…. rnal IP Muthanchha Rajikuri +Danda 65 Exte 20 120 610010PI28 5 5 ri Plastic New IP 9 3 6 0 49 342131 526 Contd…. Tole 0 rnal Pond Auleshaini, Ramri+ Exte 21 124 610010PI29 7 7 Bhainsimich New IP 60 28 3 22 3 138 153123 2552 Contd…. Rokayagaun rnal ya IP

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Priority no Beneficiary Coverage HHs Per Capita/ Name of Total Cost Project Code Type Sector Ropani Source Remarks Scheme Cluster in NRs SC No. Dalit Total Total Cost in Ward No. Others Holistic Total Popn Janajati NRs Sector-wise implementation Area (Ropani) (Ropani) Area Proposed year ofProposed year Naula 126( Exte 22 610010PI30 3 3 Sprinkler New IP W No-03 60 92 39 0 53 523 153123 2552 Contd…. a) rnal Irrigation Mathillo Pari Kaladhunga Exte 23 127 610010PI31 2 2 Repair IP 30 8 6 1 1 50 125060 4169 Contd…. Budbude IP -B rnal Rawal Pani Exte 24 133 610010PI06 7 7 New IP Gamka-B 70 6 0 5 1 36 139603 1994 Contd…. Pond IP rnal Karesabari SC:- 8, Ranga, 30 Exte 25 135 610010PI32 8 8 New IP 144 48 11 85 849 189304 631 Contd…. IP Nalfu 0 rnal 149( Kupende Exte 26 610010PI33 1 1 New IP Thakuri Tole 50 10 59 164215 3284 Contd…. a) Mul IP rnal 156( Sugure 13 Exte 27 610010PI34 1 1 New IP Majh Gaun 100 550 183485 141 Contd…. a) Kholshi IP 00 rnal Simli Pond Exte 28 157 610010PI35 1 1 New IP Simli 25 38 25 0 13 238 142861 5714 Contd…. IP rnal Dariya Khola 25 Exte 29 158 610010PI10 8 8 New IP Ranga + Likhuri 12 0 2 10 86 157753 631 Contd…. IP 0 rnal Dhand Mul Exte 30 159 610010PI36 1 1 New IP Fupna-F 15 11 9 1 1 88 125432 8362 Contd…. IP rnal Exte 31 160 610010PI37 1 1 Dhimire IP New IP Pashuda 25 29 19 0 10 206 142861 5714 Contd…. rnal Exte 32 161 610010PI38 1 1 Pairamul IP New IP Baishana 50 12 12 0 0 64 99716 1994 Contd…. rnal SECTOR : SOURCE IMPROVEMENT

Barkorukh Gadapani Exte 1 4 610010PP15 4 4 New SI Kauchhena 20 1 0 19 113 13000 115 2066/067 (Gadapani rnal Naula) SI

Aireni (Rote) Exte 2 11 610010PP02 2 2 New SI Aireni Tole 4 0 0 4 27 13000 481 2066/067 SI rnal

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Priority no Beneficiary Coverage HHs Per Capita/ Name of Total Cost Project Code Type Sector Ropani Source Remarks Scheme Cluster in NRs SC No. Dalit Total Total Cost in Ward No. Others Holistic Total Popn Janajati NRs Sector-wise implementation Area (Ropani) (Ropani) Area Proposed year ofProposed year Khadka Tole+ Dharakholi+ Duchkani+ Gerane +Jumli Dhara +Purwya Exte 3 23 610010PP21 6 6 New SI W No -06 68 401 13000 32 2067/068 Gaun+ rnal Syani Kholi+ Syauli + Jarayo Basne + Barde + Muthanchha ri SI Chhipchhipe Wari Exte 4 28 610010PP22 2 2 Repair SI 10 2 2 6 60 13000 217 2067/068 SI Kaladhunga rnal Tarapatal Exte 5 42 610010PP17 5 5 Kaiyajul SI New SI 3 1 2 0 20 13000 650 2068/069 Kaiyajul rnal Muslekhola Jarayo Basne Exte 6 46 610010PP23 5 5 New SI 14 83 13000 157 2068/069 SI Tole rnal Mathillo Parikala Dhunga Exte 7 52 610010PP01 2 2 New SI 9 1 2 6 53 13000 245 2068/069 Budbude SI B rnal Exte 8 57 610010PP24 8 8 Wadapani SI New SI Chakli Tole 2 0 2 0 13 13000 1000 2069/070 rnal Dariyakhola Exte 9 64 610010PP25 8 8 New SI Ranga 62 25 3 34 360 13000 36 2069/070 Mugraha SI rnal Dhand Mul Exte 10 75 610010PP26 4 4 New SI Mandir+Muhan 6 35 13000 371 2070/071 SI rnal Tallo Nalfu Exte 11 77 610010PP27 8 8 New SI Tallo Nalfu 2 0 0 2 16 13000 813 2070/071 SI rnal

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Priority no Beneficiary Coverage HHs Per Capita/ Name of Total Cost Project Code Type Sector Ropani Source Remarks Scheme Cluster in NRs SC No. Dalit Total Total Cost in Ward No. Others Holistic Total Popn Janajati NRs Sector-wise implementation Area (Ropani) (Ropani) Area Proposed year ofProposed year

79(a Gahira Tata Exte 610010PP05 3 3 New SI Tata Tole 1 0 0 1 5 13000 2600 2070/071 ) Mul SI rnal 79(b Gad Khola Exte 610010PP08 3 3 New SI Milantole-B 4 2 0 2 23 13000 565 2070/071 ) SI rnal 12 79( Danda Mul Exte 610010PP10 3 3 New SI Dailekhi 3 2 0 1 17 13000 765 2070/071 c) SI rnal 79(d Surkheti Exte 610010PP11 3 3 New SI Milan Tole-C 2 1 0 1 10 13000 1300 2070/071 ) Dhara SI rnal Kafalmeli Exte 13 81 610010PP28 7 7 Lamtikhola New SI 159 39 80 40 879 13000 15 2070/071 rnal SI

PRIORITY RANKING AFTER IMPLEMENTATION OF ABOVE PLAN Exte 14 91 610010PP29 8 8 Chakli SI New SI Chakli 'B' 5 0 4 1 38 13000 342 Contd…. rnal Gudulyarukh Exte 15 94 610010PP30 8 8 New SI Imi 30 10 0 20 192 13000 68 Contd…. SI rnal Exte 16 95 610010PP31 7 7 Jaljali SI New SI Sallibhir 23 6 6 11 130 13000 100 Contd…. rnal Timurekhola Exte 17 96 610010PP32 6 6 New SI Bukera 35 205 13000 63 Contd…. SI rnal 105( Kimere Exte 18 610010PP12 4 4 New SI Layatatole 12 1 0 7 74 13000 176 Contd…. a) Khani Mul SI rnal 105( Bhere Nauli Exte 610010PP33 4 4 New SI W No-04 98 29 1 68 582 13000 22 Contd…. b) SI rnal

105( Nepagaira Exte 610010PP34 4 4 New SI Layatatole 12 5 0 7 72 13000 181 Contd…. c) SI rnal

105( Exte 610010PP13 4 4 Kerabari SI New SI Jaishitole 5 0 0 5 35 13000 371 Contd…. d) rnal

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Priority no Beneficiary Coverage HHs Per Capita/ Name of Total Cost Project Code Type Sector Ropani Source Remarks Scheme Cluster in NRs SC No. Dalit Total Total Cost in Ward No. Others Holistic Total Popn Janajati NRs Sector-wise implementation Area (Ropani) (Ropani) Area Proposed year ofProposed year

105( Exte 610010PP16 4 4 Mugra SI New SI W No-04 2 0 0 2 17 13000 765 Contd…. e) rnal 106( Jumla Mul Exte 19 610010PP35 5 5 New SI Danda Tole 9 3 6 0 59 13000 220 Contd…. a) SI rnal Exte 20 113 610010PP36 5 5 Tarapatal SI New SI Tarapatal 3 1 2 0 20 13000 650 Contd…. rnal Kapunnaula Exte 21 115 610010PP37 2 2 New SI Kapunnaula 3 0 0 3 17 13000 765 Contd…. SI rnal 125( Exte 610010PP38 5 5 Kuirepani SI New SI Baghkhor 14 1 13 0 83 13000 157 Contd…. a) rnal 125( Exte 610010PP39 5 5 Pakhipani SI New SI Muhan Tole 15 10 5 0 101 13000 129 Contd…. b) rnal 22 125( Purwya Mul Exte 610010PP40 5 5 New SI 10 59 13000 220 Contd…. c) SI rnal 125( Exte 610010PP41 5 5 Chaubeta SI New SI Muhan Tole 15 10 5 0 101 13000 129 Contd…. d) rnal Exte 23 136 610010PP42 7 7 Bardemul SI New SI W No-07 7 0 4 3 41 13000 317 Contd…. rnal Jhusepande Exte 24 138 610010PP43 1 1 New SI Pashudha 29 19 0 10 206 13000 63 Contd…. ro SI rnal

Budhelidhar Exte 25 139 610010PP44 1 1 Repair SI Pashudha 29 19 0 10 206 13000 63 Contd…. a SI rnal

Kopchhemul Exte 26 148 610010PP45 1 1 New SI Bayalidanda 4 24 13000 542 Contd…. SI rnal

SECTOR : OTHERS Jumle Mul Fupunthana Exte 1 9 610010PU03 2 2 New MUSA 19 1 2 16 111 249472 2247 2066/067 MUSA Tallo rnal

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Priority no Beneficiary Coverage HHs Per Capita/ Name of Total Cost Project Code Type Sector Ropani Source Remarks Scheme Cluster in NRs SC No. Dalit Total Total Cost in Ward No. Others Holistic Total Popn Janajati NRs Sector-wise implementation Area (Ropani) (Ropani) Area Proposed year ofProposed year

Jukebari Mathillo Exte 2 36 610010PU02 2 2 New MUSA 15 7 0 8 92 182237 1981 2068/069 MUSA Fupunthana rnal 45(a Lamtikhola Exte 3 610010PM02 3 3 New MHP W No 03 92 39 0 53 523 2500000 4780 2068/069 ) MHP rnal Lamtikhola Exte 4 60 610010PG01 3 3 New Others W No-03 92 39 0 53 523 90000 172 2069/070 Ghatta rnal Lamtikhola Exte 5 66 610010PM03 7 7 New MHP W No-07 159 39 80 40 879 3750000 4266 2069/070 MHP rnal PRIORITY RANKING AFTER IMPLEMENTATION OF ABOVE PLAN Kholaket Exte 6 89 610010PG02 6 6 New Others W No-06 68 25 26 17 436 90000 206 Contd…. IWM rnal Lamtikhola Exte 7 112 610010PG03 6 6 New Others W No-06 68 25 26 17 436 90000 206 Contd…. Ghatta rnal Dungrebari Wari Exte 8 118 610010PU01 2 2 New MUSA 1 1 0 0 7 175629 25090 Contd…. MUSA Kaladhunga rnal Lamtikhola+ Fish Exte 9 121 610010PO01 7 7 New Others Bahungaun+ 63 10 31 22 353 60000 170 Contd…. Farming rnal Shah Tole Karesabari Milantole+ Exte 10 131 610010PU04 3 3 New MUSA 20 9 0 11 106 238235 2247 Contd…. MUSA Kaladhunga rnal 137( Thulokhola Exte 610010PM04 2 2 New MHP W No-02 80 29 9 42 474 2000000 4219 Contd…. b) MHP rnal 11 137( Thulokhola Exte 610010PG04 2 2 New Others W No-02 80 29 9 42 474 90000 190 Contd…. a) Ghatta rnal Dhauni Exte 12 144 610010PM05 8 8 Chhahare New MHP W No-08 144 48 11 85 849 3750000 4417 Contd…. rnal MHP 146( Rajikuri Exte 13 610010PM06 5 5 New MHP W No-05 73 26 47 0 442 2000000 4525 Contd…. b) MHP rnal

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Priority no Beneficiary Coverage HHs Per Capita/ Name of Total Cost Project Code Type Sector Ropani Source Remarks Scheme Cluster in NRs SC No. Dalit Total Total Cost in Ward No. Others Holistic Total Popn Janajati NRs Sector-wise implementation Area (Ropani) (Ropani) Area Proposed year ofProposed year Rajikot 146( Exte 610010PG05 5 5 Khola New Others W No-05 73 26 47 0 442 90000 204 Contd…. a) rnal Ghatta Fish Exte 14 153 610010PO02 8 8 New Others W No-08 144 48 11 85 849 60000 71 Contd…. Farming rnal Bainsko Exte 164 610010PG06 1 1 New Others Nayabazar 2 0 0 2 11 90000 8182 Contd…. Rukh Ghatta rnal 15 Dhungel Exte 165 610010PG07 1 1 Thulo Khola New Others Dhungel 5 0 0 5 29 90000 3103 Contd…. rnal Ghatta Lamtikhola Exte 16 166 610010PG08 1 1 New Others Milbazar 2 0 0 2 12 90000 7500 Contd…. Ghatta rnal

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5.2.3 Formulation of First Year Detailed Action Plan

After formulating the long term development plan, the participants of the Workshop formulated a one year detailed action plan for the running fiscal year (i.e. 2066/067). Group discussions were held and participatory approach was followed to prepare this detailed action plan. The detail of one year action plan is presented in following Table.

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Table 5.10: First Year Plan, Jhapra VDC (2066/067) Type of scheme Household Schemes Responsible in Scheme Benificiary Estimate Person / Remarks Priority Name New/ clusters d cost Code Ward Sector Organization Source Scheme Repair Dalit order Total Janjati Others Others Total Popn WRMSC No

Manabir Pun WRMC Concerned + Ghugaune Mathillo 1 9 9 DWS New 28 4 24 0 183 1611785 External Mangali Pun + Mul DWS Kanda Tole Bahadur Pariwar WRMSC Concerned 610010PW38 610010PW38

Trimester target

Duration First Second Third a. Proposal Writing/ Approach to support a. Committee formation a.Selection of VMW and provide training Organization b. Implementation and completion of scheme along with toilet b. Identification of support organization b. Fund collection construction Activities c. Detail survey c. Collection of local construction materials c. Prepare operation and maintenance plan

d. Transportation of external construction materials d. Handover to users' committee

Krishana Bahadur Budha WRMC Jaljale Concerned +Ganesh 2(a) (Lihurepani) 7 7 DWS New Gamka-A 7 1 6 0 43 273566 External Bahadur DWS Shah+Devika Shahi

610010PW27 610010PW27 WRMSC Concerned

2(b) Nigaleni DWS 7 7 DWS New Sallibhir A 7 0 2 5 39 264324 External Krishana Bahadur

25 Budha WRMC PW 610 010 Concerned +Ganesh

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Type of scheme Household Schemes Responsible in Scheme Benificiary Estimate Person / Remarks Priority Name New/ clusters d cost Code Ward Sector Organization Source Scheme Repair Dalit order Total Janjati Janjati Others Total Popn WRMSC No

Duration First Second Third a. Proposal Writing/ Approach to support a. Committee formation a.Selection of VMW and provide training Organization b. Implementation and completion of scheme along with toilet b. Identification of support organization b. Fund collection construction Activities c. Detail survey c. Collection of local construction materials c. Prepare operation and maintenance plan

d. Transportation of external construction materials d. Handover to users' committee

Khale Sunuwar WRMC Mugradhara Concerned+Jaya

3 2 1 1 DWS Repair Fupna-B 10 1 1 8 70 215022 External (Mugra) DWS Pariwar+Pabitra ChadaraWRMSC 610010PW0 Concerned Duration First Second Third a. Proposal Writing/ Approach to support a. Committee formation a.Selection of VMW and provide training Organization b. Implementation and completion of scheme along with toilet b. Identification of support organization b. Fund collection construction Activities c. Detail survey c. Collection of local construction materials c. Prepare operation and maintenance plan

d. Transportation of external construction materials d. Handover to users' committee

4 Barkorukh 4 4 SI New Kauchhena 20 1 0 19 113 13000 External Gopal War WRMC 5 Gadapani Concerned+Bhim 610 010 PP1 (Gadapani Bahadur

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Type of scheme Household Schemes Responsible in Scheme Benificiary Estimate Person / Remarks Priority Name New/ clusters d cost Code Ward Sector Organization Source Scheme Repair Dalit order Total Janjati Janjati Others Total Popn WRMSC No

Duration First Second Third a. Proposal Writing/ Approach to support a. Committee formation a.Selection of VMW and provide training Organization b. Implementation and completion of scheme along with toilet b. Identification of support organization b. Fund collection Activities construction c. Detail survey c. Collection of local construction materials c. Prepare operation and maintenance plan

d. Transportation of external construction materials d. Handover to users' committee

Narajit Budha MagarWRMC Jalfa Thhan Nalfu-D+ 5 8 8 DWS New 36 13 2 21 185 588447 External Concerned+Kada Sisneri DWS Pipal Tole Rawal+Sita Giri WRMSC Concerned 610010PW32 610010PW32

Duration First Second Third a. Proposal Writing/ Approach to support a. Committee formation a.Selection of VMW and provide training Organization b. Implementation and completion of scheme along with toilet b. Identification of support organization b. Fund collection construction Activities c. Detail survey c. Collection of local construction materials c. Prepare operation and maintenance plan

d. Transportation of external construction materials d. Handover to users' committee

6 0 1 0 P Musle 5 5 DWS New Rajikuri + 9 3 6 0 49 278399 External Jaya Bahadur (Ch thh ) DdTl BKWRMC

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Type of scheme Household Schemes Responsible in Scheme Benificiary Estimate Person / Remarks Priority Name New/ clusters d cost Code Ward Sector Organization Source Scheme Repair Dalit order Total Janjati Janjati Others Total Popn WRMSC No

Duration First Second Third a. Proposal Writing/ Approach to support a. Detail survey a. Identification of support organization Organization Activities b. Collection of local construction materials

Dande Luwar WRMC Concerned+Bhadra Bahadur 7 Khangra DWS 3 3 DWS New Khangra-C 1 1 0 0 7 125463 External Aacharya+Syan Sara Gain WRMSC

610010PW41 610010PW41 Concerned

Duration First Second Third a. Proposal Writing/ Approach to support a. Detail survey a. Identification of support organization Organization Activities b. Collection of local construction materials

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Type of scheme Household Schemes Responsible in Scheme Benificiary Estimate Person / Remarks Priority Name New/ clusters d cost Code Ward Sector Organization Source Scheme Repair Dalit order Total Janjati Janjati Others Total Popn WRMSC No

Karn Bahadur KhadkaWRMC Dhanadi Concerned+Purna Mangraha Tole+ 8 6 6 DWS New 13 7 5 1 92 354875 External Bahadur DWS Ghampakha Basnet+Vhim +Danda Bahadur Chandra 610010PW22 WRMSC Concerned

Duration First Second Third a. Proposal Writing/ Approach to support a. Detail survey a. Identification of support organization Activities Organization b. Collection of local construction materials

Raju ShahiWRMC Concerned+Bal Jumle Mul Fupunthana 9 2 2 MUSA New 19 1 2 16 111 249472 External Bahadur MUSA Tallo Thapa+Shila Sahi WRMSC Concerned 610010PU03 610010PU03

Duration First Second Third a. Proposal Writing/ Approach to support a. Detail survey a. Identification of support organization Activities Organization b. Collection of local construction materials Khale Sunuwar Repair WRMC Simli (Shahi and Shahi Simli Concerned+Jaya

10 8 1 1 DWS 38 25 0 13 238 886726 External Simli) DWS extensi Tole Pariwar+Pabitra on ChadaraWRMSC 610010PW0 Concerned Duration First Second Third

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Type of scheme Household Schemes Responsible in Scheme Benificiary Estimate Person / Remarks Priority Name New/ clusters d cost Code Ward Sector Organization Source Scheme Repair Dalit order Total Janjati Janjati Others Total Popn WRMSC No a. Proposal Writing/ Approach to support a. Detail survey a. Identification of support organization Activities Organization b. Collection of local construction materials

Raju ShahiWRMC Concerned+Bal Aireni (Rote) 11 2 2 SI New Aireni Tole 4 0 0 4 27 13000 External Bahadur SI Thapa+Shila Sahi WRMSC Concerned 610010PP02 610010PP02

Duration First Second Third a. Proposal Writing/ Approach to support a. Detail survey a. Identification of support organization Organization Activities b. Collection of local construction materials

Raju ShahiWRMC Concerned+Bal Khotebasne Pipal 12(a) 9 9 DWS New 63 12 13 38 369 1464192 External Bahadur DWS Chautara Thapa+Shila Sahi WRMSC Concerned 610010PW42 610010PW42

Mathillo Manabir Pun WRMC Kanda Tole, Concerned+Mangali Dhimane Ghutkane 12(b) 9 9 DWS Repair 92 16 37 39 557 1435320 External Pun+Bahadur DWS Gadh Tole, Pariwar WRMSC Tallo Kanda Concerned 610010PW37 610010PW37 Tole

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Type of scheme Household Schemes Responsible in Scheme Benificiary Estimate Person / Remarks Priority Name New/ clusters d cost Code Ward Sector Organization Source Scheme Repair Dalit order Total Janjati Janjati Others Total Popn WRMSC No

Duration First Second Third

a. Proposal Writing/ Approach to support Activities a. Detail survey Organization

Gopal War WRMC Concerned+Bhim Furkekhola Bahadur 13 6 6 DWS New Nauli 7 3 2 2 46 182528 External DWS Chanda+Kalpana Giri Khatri WRMSC

610010PW43 610010PW43 Concerned

Duration First Second Third a. Proposal Writing/ Approach to support Activities a. Detail survey Organization

Karn Bahadur KhadkaWRMC Concerned+Purna Ghasemela/C Kanda+Lam 14 4 4 DWS New 12 3 0 9 71 281728 External Bahadur horpani DWS apani Basnet+Bhim Bahadur Chandra 610010PW44 610010PW44 WRMSC Concerned

Duration First Second Third a. Proposal Writing/ Approach to support Activities a. Detail survey Organization

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Type of scheme Household Schemes Responsible in Scheme Benificiary Estimate Person / Remarks Priority Name New/ clusters d cost Code Ward Sector Organization Source Scheme Repair Dalit order Total Janjati Janjati Others Total Popn WRMSC No

Narajit Budha MagarWRMC Pakhepani Mathillo 15 8 8 DWS New 6 1 0 5 46 182528 External Concerned+Kada DWS Nalfu Rawal+Sita Giri WRMSC Concerned 610010PW45 610010PW45

Duration First Second Third a. Proposal Writing/ Approach to support Activities a. Detail survey Organization

Jaya Bahadur B.KWRMC Chadara Mul 16 5 5 DWS New Khaltakura 15 13 2 0 73 307737 External Concerned+Tulsa DWS Budha+Manabir Pun WRMSC Concerned 610010PW20 610010PW20

Duration First Second Third a. Proposal Writing/ Approach to support Activities a. Detail survey Organization Dande Luwar WRMC Concerned+Bhadra Shawandhara Bahadur

17 1 3 3 DWS New Dhupi 8 6 0 2 54 244449 External DWS Aacharya+Syan Sara Gain WRMSC 610010PW1 Concerned Duration First Second Third a. Proposal Writing/ Approach to support Activities a. Detail survey Organization

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot

Type of scheme Household Schemes Responsible in Scheme Benificiary Estimate Person / Remarks Priority Name New/ clusters d cost Code Ward Sector Organization Source Scheme Repair Dalit order Total Janjati Janjati Others Total Popn WRMSC No

Krishana Bahadur Majh Kharka, Budha WRMC Budiya Chaur Concerned +Ganesh 18 ,Jhilkane, 7 7 DWS New Budiyachaur 3 0 3 0 14 105348 Bahadur Kajikaraina External Shah+Devika Shahi DWS 610010PW46 610010PW46 WRMSC Concerned Duration First Second Third a. Proposal Writing/ Approach to support Activities a. Detail survey Organization

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot

5.2.4 Monitoring Action Plan

After the finalization of First Year Action Plan, the WUMP workshop prepared an immediate follow-up action plan of WRMC, Jhapra VDC and of WARM-P/Helvetas, DDC, and VDC. The following table presents the follow-up action plan.

Table 5.11: Immediate Follow-up Action Plan Responsible Person/ Organization SN Major Activities Quantity When Major Supportive Role Role Last day of 1 Meeting -WRMC Monthly WRMC VDC every month 20th of every 2 Meeting - WRMSC Monthly WRMSC WRMC month Post-WUMP After 3 3 Once a year WRMC VDC workshop months Approval of WUMP Within one 4 Once a year WRMC VDC from VDC Council month Approval of WUMP 5 Once a year First Year DDC VDC from DDC Council Follow-up and As per 6 monitoring of Regular WRMC VDC requirement schemes Identification of potential support As per 7 organization and Regular WRMC VDC requirement coordination with them

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot

CHAPTER – SIX

WUMP IMPLEMENTATION, MOBILIZATION & UPDATING

6.1 WUMP IMPLEMENTATION

This WUMP Final Report is an outcome of the social and technical assessment of the Jhapra VDC. The report has included inventories of all identified water sources, their present uses, existing water system, need of further development in the VDC. The report has prioritized and ranked in a holistic manner of the proposed Water Supply, Source Protection, Irrigation, Environment and Ecology, Micro-Hydro, MUSA and Miscellaneous Schemes as demanded in the VDC.

The WUMP final report has indicated that only 45.2 % of the population in Jhapra VDC is accessed to piped drinking water including dangling, primarily implemented by the DWSSD, DDC, local governing bodies, NGOs etc. The quality of water being used is also questionable. Analyzing the service level 12 % have good (SL-1) and 69 % have moderate (SL-2). Similarly, 18 % of households have poor (SL-3) and 1 % have very poor (SL-4). Likewise only about 4 % households have access to some kinds of toilets. Moreover a negligible ropani of cultivated land is presently irrigated. Hence, these scenarios of the VDC reflect the need of WUMP implementation. The VDC will face with various constraints like financial, community mobilizations and participations, technical and managerial skills, technical manpower etc for its implementation. So, the selection of the proposed schemes for implementation will maintain the prioritization order as fixed by the community. Hence, the WRMC hopes full support from all potential support organization for its successful implementations.

6.2 WUMP MOBILIZATION

After the finalization of WUMP report, a post co-ordination meeting will be arranged involving all potential support organizations. The information in the WUMP should be adequately shared with all potential partners and be used for the development of the water resources in the VDC. The preparation of the WUMP will be viewed as a planning tool for the local government, NGOs, INGOs and the concerned sectoral agencies. Hence, the experiences of preparing the WUMP in Jhapra VDC can be shared with other potential VDCs in future also.

6.3 WUMP UPDATING

The immediate concern in this planning exercise is the periodically updating and reviewing in each 5 year based on the achieved progress of the WUMP by the members of the WRMC and WRMSCs. The WUMP has adopted short and medium term goals that to be achieved for the effective harnessing of available water resources. However, a longer vision will be adopted based on these information and continue process of resource identification, planning and implementation of the schemes on the priority basis, updating of WUMP database by the community in a dynamic manner. Therefore, to maintain the dynamism of the whole exercise, the water resources committee will carry this exercise and develop a sound platform to improve the quality of life of the local people, environmental conditions, and increased opportunities to improve rural livelihoods through rational, equitable and sustainable use of water at the village level.

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Water Use Master Plan, Jhapra VDC - Jajarkot

87 Water Resources Management Committee, Jhapra VDC 2009