ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION IN ACCORDANCE WITH ISO 14025 FOR: PORT OF OPERATION SERVICES FROM PORT AUTHORITY OF BILBAO

Programme The International EPD® System / www.environdec.com Programme operator EPD International AB EPD registration number S-P-01510 Geographical validity Spain Publication date 21/03/2019 Valid until 20/03/2024 PROGRAMME INFORMATION 4 COMPANY INFORMATION 6 1. INTRODUCTION 8 1.1. DESCRIPTION OF THE PORT AUTHORITY OF BILBAO 9 2. LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY 10 2.1. FUNCTIONAL UNIT 11 2.2. REFERENCE SERVICE LIFE (RSL) 11 2.3. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 11 2.4. SYSTEM BOUNDARIES 13 2.5. FLOW DIAGRAM 14 2.6. TEMPORAL BOUNDARIES 15 2.7. GEOGRAPHICAL BOUNDARIES 15 2.8. ALLOCATION RULES 15 2.9. CUT-OFF RULES 15 2.10. DATA QUALITY 16 2.11. LCA SOFTWARE AND LCI DATABASES 17 3. CONTENT DECLARATION 18 3.1. PORT INFRASTRUCTURE 19 4. ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE 20 4.1. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 21 4.2. USE OF RESOURCES 23 4.3. WASTE PRODUCTION AND OUTPUT FLOWS 24 5. OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS 26 5.1. EMISSION OF PARTICLES DUE TO SOLID BULK 27 MANIPULATION 5.2. NOISE EMISSIONS 28 6. INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS 32 7. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 34 7.1. EMAS 35 7.2. AGREEMENT OF GOOD ENVIRONMENTAL PRACTICES 35 8. REFERENCES 36 9. DIFFERENCES VERSUS PREVIOUS VERSIONS OF THE EPD® 38

INDEX / 3 Programme: THE INTERNATIONAL EPD® SYSTEM

EPD International AB PROGRAMME Box 210 60 SE-100 31 Stockholm INFORMATION Sweden www.environdec.com [email protected]

Product category rules (PCR): PCR review was conducted by: Port Operation Services, 2018:06, version 1.0, UN CPC codes: The Technical Committee of the International EPD® System. 53232, 64231, 6521, 6522, 6711, 6712, 6721, 6722, 6723, 67511, A full list of members available on www.environdec.com 67512, 67521, 67522, 9126, 94211, 94212, 94231, 94412. The review panel may be contacted via [email protected]

Chair of the PCR review: Adriana Del Borghi.

Independent third-party verification of the declaration and data, Third party verifier: according to ISO 14025:2006: Marcel Gómez, Marcel Gómez Consultoría Ambiental Email: [email protected] EPD process certification EPD verification Approved by: The International EPD® System Technical Committee, supported by the Secretariat.

The EPD owner has the sole ownership, liability, and responsibility for the EPD. EPDs within the same product category but from different programmes may not be comparable.

This EPD® has been done with the technical support of Fundación Tecnalia Research & Innovation.

PROGRAMME INFORMATION / 5 COMPANY INFORMATION

PORT AUTHORITY OF BILBAO Muelle Ampliación s/n, 48980 , Vizcaya, Spain 944 87 12 00 / [email protected] www.bilbaoport.eus

Contact person: Ibai Uria Gaztelu-Iturri Department of Prevention and Environment [email protected]

COMPANY INFORMATION / 7 1.1. DESCRIPTION OF THE PORT AUTHORITY OF Its modern electronic platform e-puertobilbao is also the BILBAO fastest and most agile way to carry out all the merchandise management in an orderly and efficient way. The Port of Bilbao, is one of the most important transport INTRODUCTION and logistics centers of the European Atlantic Arc, which has allowed it to be established in a privileged connection The Port of Bilbao is at the vanguard of sustainability, an with the main ports, especially those of America and Nor- area in which it prioritizes the actions of Quality, Preven- 1 thern Europe. Its wide range of maritime services connects tion and the Environment. The satisfaction of the demands it with more than 850 ports around the world. It operates and expectations of customers and users, the recognition 24 hours a day and every day of the year, without problems of the right to health protection in the workplace and the of drafts or tides. A flexible and dynamic port, capable of control of environmental impacts, constitute the central accommodating any type of vessel and merchandise and axis of their sustainable development policies. with a specialized service for all traffic. Moreover, the Port of Bilbao is comitted to identifying all The agility of all its traffics is favored by the intermodal the environmental aspects attributed to its activities and connections that connect the Port of Bilbao with the main services, specially those which can be directly influenced, road and rail networks, both national and European, which adopting the appropiate measures for minimizing and con- communicate directly with a hinterland in continuous trolling its environmental impact, and making its Environ- economic growth. A growing network of Dry Ports is a high mental Policy available to empolyees, customers and other added value support of the Port of Bilbao. relevant stakeholders that may be interested.

INTRODUCTION / 9 2.1. FUNCTIONAL UNIT The Port of Bilbao offers two main services: cargo mani- pulation and passenger transport, so both functional units LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT required in the PCR 2018:06, ”Port operation services”, METHODOLOGY have been included. 2 Functional unit 1 tonne of cargo for cargo handling services 1 passenger for passenger services

Two reference flows have been used based on traffic figures, 32 399 860 tonnes of goods and 165 523 passen- gers. Passengers from both ferries and cruises have been considered, as well as all the cargo load and unload from vessels. 2.2. REFERENCE SERVICE LIFE (RSL) A RSL of 100 years have been used in the environmental impact calculations. 2.3. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION All the services covered by the Port of Bilbao have been considered in the study, which were performed by different companies inside the port’s boundaries in 2015.

SERVICES COMPANIES CPC CODE Coordination and traffic control services Port of Bilbao Authority 6751 Corporación de Prácticos del Puerto y Ría de Bilbao, S.L.P. Coordination and control of port operation services Port of Bilbao Authority 6751 Police services in port area Port of Bilbao Authority 9126 Lighting of port area services Port of Bilbao Authority 6751 Port water and land area cleaning services Port of Bilbao Authority Ekonor, S.A. 6751 Enviser Servicios Medio Ambientales, S.A.U. 942 EULEN, S.A. Prevention and emergency control services Autoridad Portuaria de Bilbao 6751 Fire station of Urioste 9126 Pilotage and berthing services Corporación de Prácticos del Puerto y Ría de Bilbao, S.L.P. 6752 Towing services Compañía de Remolcadores Ibaizabal, S.A. 6752 Mooring services Amarradores del Puerto de Bilbao, S.A. 6752 Passenger services Autoridad Portuaria de Bilbao 6423 Bilbao, S.L. TABLE 1. SERVICES CARRIED OUT IN THE PORT OF BILBAO (1/2)

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY / 11 SERVICES COMPANIES CPC CODE 2.4. SYSTEM BOUNDARIES Air emissions due to fuel consumption are included in the core module, as well as electricity consumption in port In accordance to PCR 2018:06, all life cycle steps have Vessel-generated waste (MARPOL I, IV, V or VI) Limpiezas Nervión, S.A. daily operation. Other emissions to water and soil are also 942 been included, adopting a cradle-to-grave approach. The reception and management services covered by this module, which are mainly related to goods processes covered by the study have been classified in Acideka, S.A. transportation. Finally, the downstream module covers the different modules, as it’s show in Figure 1. Adif treatment of waste generated during port operation (MAR- ArcelorMittal, S.L. POL and other residues). Port of Bilbao Authority The upstream module covers the production of fuels and materials that are necessary in port construction and daily Bahía de Bizkaia Gas, S.L. The following processes have been excluded from the operation. Diesel is widely consumed in port facilities, for Bergé Marítima, S.L. study: example in vehicles and machinery (used in cargo handling Bilbaína de Alquitranes • Upstream module: vehicles, machinery and IT equipment or port construction), but other fuels are used as well, Bunge Ibérica, S.A.U. manufacturing. such as petrol (vehicles and machinery) and marine diesel Cargor Bizkaia, S.L. • Core module: IT equipment maintenance, fuel consump- oil. Regarding raw and auxiliary materials, construction Compañía Logística de Hidrocarburos, S.A. tion, emissions of vessels during hotelling (except for materials for port infrastructures are used in a higher Consignaciones Toro y Betolaza, S.A. consumption and emissions related to cargo handling) quantity than other materials (see Table 3), but auxiliary Depósitos Portuarios, S.A. and building mainenance. materials for cargo handling operations such as wood and Depósito Franco de Bilbao • Downstream module: end-of-life of vehicles, machinery steel are relevant too. Cargo handling services Esergui, S.A. 53232 and port infrastructure. Fertiberia, S.A. Frigoríficos Portuarios del Norte, S.L. Ineos Sulphur Chemicals Spain, S.L.U. Navacel Internacional, S.L. Noatum Container Terminal Bilbao, S.A Petróleos del Norte, S.A.. Progeco Bilbao, S.A. Servicios Logísticos Portuarios, S.A. Sociedad de Estiba y Desestiba del Puerto de Bilbao Terminales Portuarias, S.L. UPSTREAM MODULE CORE MODULE DOWNSTREAM MODULE Toro y Betolaza, S.A. ➔ ➔ • Fuel production • Machinery, vehicles • Waste treatment Trincas y Jarcias, S.A. • Raw material production and buildings maintenance Vicinay Cadenas, S.A. • Port’s infrastructure • Consumption of fuel Commercial services Port of Bilbao Authority 6751 construction in machinery and boilers Dredging services Bam, S.L. 671 • Port’s buildings construction • Electricity production Drasemar, S.L. 672 • Dredging during construction • Transport of cargo and staff Obras y Dragados Aldamiz, S.A. • Maintenance dredging

Port infrastructure maintenance services Valoriza 53232 FIGURE 1. SYSTEM BOUNDARIES TABLE 1. SERVICES CARRIED OUT IN THE PORT OF BILBAO (2/2)

12 / LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY / 13 2.5. FLOW DIAGRAM 2.6. TEMPORAL BOUNDARIES OTHERS (RENEWABLE) The processes considered in the system boundaries are The results from this LCA study corresponds to 2015, being 1,9% HYDROPOWER highlighted in Figure 2. that all data collected from the different companies are 15,5% from that year. The electricity mix used for the study is the production mix of Spain in year 2015, which is shown in RAW MATERIAL EXTRACTION NUCLEAR PORT OPERATION END OF LIFE the following chart. COMBINED 22% AND PRODUCTION CYCLE 8,5% 2.7. GEOGRAPHICAL BOUNDARIES The results from this LCA are representative for the Port SOLAR COGENERATION Construction materials Cargo Passenger Waste THERMAL 10,2% handing services of Bilbao, located in the Basque Country, Spain. All waste 2% services scenarios have been located in the surroundings of the SOLAR Fuels Port of Bilbao, using local waste management companies, PHOTOVOLTAIC 3,1% landfills and incinerators as final disposal localtions for WIND waste generated during port’s operation services. 20,3% COAL Wood Electricity Landfill 16,5% 2.8. ALLOCATION RULES Incineration FIGURE 3. SPANISH ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION MIX IN 2015 Consumables Supporting Two main rules have been applied to solve multifunctio- services nality issues in the study, one for the processes related Recycling to the ferry (which transports cargo and passengers at the same time), and for the general services of the Port CONSTRUCTION OF PORT of Bilbao (pilotage and berthing, towing, mooring, traffic control, etc.) which are provided indistinctly for cargo vessels or passenger vessels. Buildings Machinery As requiered in the PCR 2018:06, allocation has been made using economic factors (Port of Bilbao fares). Cargo and Lighthouses Vehicles passenger figures considered and final allocation values are shown in Table 2. Port Soil Vessels CASE GOODS (TON) PASSENGERS VEHICLES (CARRYING PASSENGERS) ALLOCATION MOTORCYCLES CARS BUSES CARGO HANDLING PASSENGER UPSTREAM MODULE CORE MODULE DOWNSTREAM MODULE SERVICES SERVICES Ferries 366 907 94 981 4 703 36 142 6 40,09% 59,91% FIGURE 2. PORT OPERATION FLOW DIAGRAM Port 32 399 860 165 523 4 703 36 142 6 98,00% 2,00% TABLE 2. ALLOCATION VALUES FOR CARGO HANDLING AND PASSENGERS SERVICES Allocation rules for reuse, recycling and recovery have been set following the polluter pays principle (PPP). 2.9. CUT-OFF RULES All processes contributing to a minimum of 99% of the declared evnrionmental impacts have been included in the study.

14 / LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY / 15 2.10. DATA QUALITY 2.11. LCA SOFTWARE AND LCI DATABASES In order to evaluate the quality and consistency of the This LCA study has been modelled using SimaPro software, data collected to build the Life Cycle Inventory, several version 8.5, and Ecoinvent database, version 3.4. factors have been assessed: data accuracy, geographical representativeness and temporal representativeness.

For energy consumption figures, raw and auxiliary materials usage and waste generated, primary data have been used, collected directly from the company. On the other hand, air, water and soil emissions have been estimated using the methodology of the EEA (sectoral guides for air emis- sions factors) and generic Ecoinvent processes. Ecoinvent database have also been used for estimating materials transportation distances from the supplier to the Port of Bilbao and for waste treatment environmental impacts.

CLASSIFICATION DATA ACCURACY INDICATOR 1 Data collected directly from the company 2 Data estimated from data collected directly from the company 3 Data estimated from bibliography or commercial databases 4 Data estimated from other company data CLASSIFICATION GEOGRAPHICAL REPRESENTATIVENESS INDICATOR 1 Data collected in the area under study 2 Average data from a wider area which includes the area under study 3 Data from a different or unknown area CLASSIFICATION TEMPORAL REPRESENTATIVENESS INDICATOR 1 Data less than 5 years old 2 Data between 5-10 years old 3 Data over 10 years old

16 / LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY / 17 3.1. PORT INFRASTRUCTURE The materials needed to build the port main infrastructure CONTENT (foundation, docks, etc.) are reported in Table 3. MATERIALS QUANTITY UNIT % DECLARATION B400S reinforcing 66 896 314,74 kg 0,32% 3 steel (bars) Aggregate 19 618 413 063,7 kg 94,32% Cement blocks 1 037 714 470,95 kg 4,99% Gravel 74 648 501,31 kg 0,36% Concrete 2 857 547,97 kg 0,01% TABLE 3. MATERIALS USED IN PORT INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION

OTHERS 0,69% CEMENT BLOCKS 4,99% AGGREGATE 94,32%

Content Declaration FIGURE 4. MATERIALS USED IN PORT INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION

The system does not contain any Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC) in a percentage bigger than 0,1% according to REACH legislation.

CONTENT DECLARATION / 19 4.1. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT The environmental impacts requested in the PCR 2018:06 are reported in this chapter, for all the impact categories ENVIRONMENTAL required by the PCR document. PARAMETER UNIT UPSTREAM CORE DOWNSTREAM TOTAL PERFORMANCE Global warming Fossil kg CO eq. 8,40E-01 5,94E-01 1,70E-01 1,60E+00 4 2 potential (GWP) Biogenic kg CO2 eq. 4,64E-04 6,55E-04 2,54E-04 1,37E-03

Land use and kg CO2 eq. 6,04E-04 4,04E-03 3,04E-05 4,68E-03 land transfor- mation

TOTAL kg CO2 eq. 8,41E-01 5,99E-01 1,70E-01 1,61E+00

Acidification potential (AP) kg SO2 eq. 4,70E-03 9,51E-03 3,35E-04 1,45E-02 3 Eutrophication potential (EP) kg PO4 - eq. 1,11E-03 1,81E-03 1,71E-04 3,09E-03

Formation potential of kg C2H4 eq. 2,44E-04 1,51E-04 7,75E-05 4,72E-04 tropospheric ozone (POCP) Depletion potential of the kg CFC 11 eq. 2,77E-07 3,06E-08 4,70E-09 3,12E-07 stratospheric ozone layer (ODP) Marine aquatic ecotoxicity kg 1,4-DB eq 6,49E+02 4,91E+02 5,21E+04 5,32E+04 Land competition m2a 2,08E-01 9,47E-03 1,67E-03 2,19E-01 Water scarcity potential m3 eq. 2,94E-01 2,65E-01 1,28E-02 5,72E-01 Abiotic depletion potential – kg Sb eq. 3,75E-06 1,30E-07 2,17E-08 3,90E-06 Elements Abiotic depletion potential – MJ, net calorific 2,33E+01 3,23E+00 5,99E-01 2,71E+01 Fossil resources value TABLE 4. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS FOR 1 TON OF CARGO FU 1 tonne of cargo

Abiotic depletion (fossil fuels) UPSTREAM (MER)

Abiotic depletion CORE (MER)

Water use DOWNSTREAM (MER)

Land occupation

Eutrophication potential

Acidification potential

Photochemical oxidation

Marine Aquatic Ecotoxicity

FIGURE 5. Ozone Depletion Potential ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF Global Warming Potential CARGO HANDLING SERVICES 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE / 21 4.2. USE OF RESOURCES

PARAMETER UNIT UPSTREAM CORE DOWNSTREAM TOTAL PARAMETER UNIT UPSTREAM CORE DOWNSTREAM TOTAL

Global warming Fossil kg CO2 eq. 2,81E+00 6,61E-01 6,16E-01 4,09E+00 Primary energy Use as energy MJ, net calorific 4,74E-02 1,24E+00 7,43E-02 1,31E+00 potential (GWP) resources – carrier value Biogenic kg CO2 eq. 1,46E-03 1,05E-03 8,36E-04 3,34E-03 Renewable Used as raw MJ, net calorific 1,28E+00 0,00E+00 1,46E-05 1,28E+00 Land use and land kg CO eq. 1,79E-03 6,46E-03 1,14E-04 8,36E-03 2 materials value transformation TOTAL MJ, net calorific 1,33E+00 1,24E+00 1,94E-02 2,59E+00 TOTAL kg CO2 eq. 2,82E+00 6,68E-01 6,17E-01 4,10E+00 value

Acidification potential (AP) kg SO2 eq. 1,48E-02 1,76E-02 1,16E-03 3,36E-02 Primary energy Use as energy MJ, net calorific 1,37E+01 5,95E+00 6,62E-01 2,03E+01 3 resources – carrier value Eutrophication potential (EP) kg PO4 - eq. 4,01E-03 3,32E-03 5,53E-04 7,88E-03 Non-renewable Used as raw MJ, net calorific 1,16E+01 0,00E+00 3,28E-04 1,16E+01 Formation potential of kg C2H4 eq. 7,04E-04 2,30E-04 2,57E-04 1,19E-03 tropospheric ozone (POCP) materials value Depletion potential of the kg CFC 11 eq. 6,76E-07 4,89E-08 1,62E-08 7,41E-07 TOTAL MJ, net calorific 2,52E+01 5,95E+00 6,62E-01 3,18E+01 stratospheric ozone layer (ODP) value Marine aquatic ecotoxicity kg 1,4-DB eq 2,59E+03 7,75E+02 2,08E+05 2,12E+05 Secondary material kg 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 Land competition m2a 2,89E-01 1,51E-02 5,66E-03 3,10E-01 Renewable secondary fuels MJ, net calorific 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 value Water scarcity potential m3 eq. 9,77E-01 4,23E-01 4,47E-02 1,44E+00 Non-renewable secondary fuels MJ, net calorific 3,81E+01 0,00E+00 8,58E-02 3,82E+01 Abiotic depletion potential kg Sb eq. 9,41E-06 2,07E-07 6,60E-08 9,68E-06 value – Elements Net use of fresh water m3 1,16E-02 4,63E-03 4,14E-04 1,66E-02 Abiotic depletion potential MJ, net calorific 5,80E+01 5,17E+00 2,11E+00 6,53E+01 – Fossil resources value TABLE 6. USE OF RESOURCES FOR 1 TONNE OF CARGO FU

TABLE 5. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS FOR 1 PASSENGER FU 1 passenger

Abiotic depletion (fossil fuels) UPSTREAM (PAS) PARAMETER UNIT UPSTREAM CORE DOWNSTREAM TOTAL Primary energy Use as energy MJ, net calorific 7,43E-02 1,98E+00 6,70E-02 2,12E+00 Abiotic depletion CORE (PAS) resources – carrier value Renewable Water use DOWNSTREAM Used as raw MJ, net calorific 2,26E+00 0,00E+00 5,84E-05 2,26E+00 (PAS) materials value Land occupation TOTAL MJ, net calorific 2,33E+00 1,98E+00 6,70E-02 4,38E+00 value Eutrophication potential Primary energy Use as energy MJ, net calorific 2,02E+01 9,51E+00 2,33E+00 3,21E+01 resources – carrier value Acidification potential Non-renewable Used as raw MJ, net calorific 4,30E+01 0,00E+00 1,31E-03 4,30E+01 Photochemical oxidation materials value TOTAL MJ, net calorific 6,32E+01 9,15E+00 2,33E+00 7,50E+01 Marine Aquatic Ecotoxicity value FIGURE 6. Secondary material kg 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 Ozone Depletion Potential ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE Renewable secondary fuels MJ, net calorific 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 Global Warming Potential OF PASSENGER SERVICES value 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Non-renewable secondary fuels MJ, net calorific 1,50E+01 0,00E+00 3,44E-01 1,53E+01 value Net use of fresh water m3 3,82E-02 6,56E-03 1,49E-03 4,62E-02 TABLE 7. USE OF RESOURCES FOR 1 PASSENGER FU Note. Non-renewable secondary fuels: diesel, petrol, marine diesel oil, natural gas, LPG and propane.

22 / ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE / 23 4.3. WASTE PRODUCTION AND OUTPUT FLOWS 4.3.1. Waste production 4.3.2. Output flows

PARAMETER UNIT UPSTREAM CORE DOWNSTREAM TOTAL PARAMETER UNIT UPSTREAM CORE DOWNSTREAM TOTAL Hazardous waste disposed kg 1,65E-05 5,71E-6 4,34E-05 6,55E-05 Components for reuse kg 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 Non-hazardous waste disposed kg 9,51E-02 1,80E-02 8,97E-02 2,03E-01 Material for recycling kg 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 7,36E-02 7,36E-02 Radioactive waste disposed kg 1,56E-04 3,54E-05 2,28E-06 1,94E-04 Materials for energy recovery kg 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 TABLE 8. WASTE PRODUCTION FOR 1 TONNE OF CARGO FU Exported energy, electricity MJ 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 Exported energy, thermal MJ 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 PARAMETER UNIT UPSTREAM CORE DOWNSTREAM TOTAL TABLE 10. OUTPUT FLOWS FOR 1 TONNE OF CARGO FU Hazardous waste disposed kg 4,56E-05 9,11E-06 9,10E-05 1,46E-04 Non-hazardous waste disposed kg 3,20E-01 2,87E-02 3,03E-01 6,51E-01 PARAMETER UNIT UPSTREAM CORE DOWNSTREAM TOTAL Radioactive waste disposed kg 3,84E-04 5,66E-05 8,49E-06 4,49E-04 Components for reuse kg 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 TABLE 9. WASTE PRODUCTION FOR 1 PASSENGER FU Material for recycling kg 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 1,72E-01 1,72E-01 Materials for energy recovery kg 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 Exported energy, electricity MJ 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 Exported energy, thermal MJ 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 TABLE 11. OUTPUT FLOWS FOR 1 PASSENGER FU

24 / ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE / 25 5.1. EMISSION OF PARTICLES DUE TO SOLID BULK MANIPULATION Particles emissions have been calculated using the metho- OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL dology developed in Life project HADA – Automatic Tool for environmental Diagnosis. Results have been obtained INDICATORS for PM2.5, PM10 and PM100. The following equations 5 have been used for caculating emissions during solid bulk loading and unloading.

u 1,3 2,2 E = 0,0016 × k × M 1,4 2

k: constant, it depends on the size of the particles. u: average wind speed in m/s. M: moisture of surface material (%).

E = 1.000 × CG × E × FACRED foco NH 60 CG: total solid bulk manipulated in one day. NH: solid bulk manipulation working hours. FACRED: reduction factor related to emission reduction measures adopted.

PARTICLES UNIT PM2.5 PM10 PM100 Particles kg 5,79E+01 1,97E+01 1,52E+02 TABLE 12. RESULTS OF PARTICLES EMISSION DURING SOLID BULK MANIPULATION

OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS / 27 5.2. NOISE EMISSIONS PORT 1st SECTOR 2nd SECTOR 3rd SECTOR Noise emissions have been calculated in accordance with DAY / AFTERNOON DAY / AFTERNOON DAY / AFTERNOON the criteria recommended by the Euorpean Comissions in RANGE UNIT TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL 2002/49/EC Directive and the methodology developed in Area exposed, <75,0 dBA km2 0,043 0,01 0 Life Project HADA, “Methodology of Implementation of a 2 System of Follow-up, Assessment, and control of Noise in Industrial activity km 0,041 0,01 0 Port Sorroundings”. Traffic km2 0,02 0,00 0 NIGHT NIGHT NIGHT The study is focused on which area of the port and its TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL sorroundings is affected by noise emissions, and in which Area exposed, <65,0 dBA km2 0,189 0,107 0,165 are noise limits are exceeded. For port infrastructures noise 2 limits are as it follows. Industrial activity km 0,189 0,068 0,065 Traffic km2 0,00 0,039 1 ACOUSTIC AREA NOISE LIMITS TABLE 15. AREA EXPOSED TO NOISE LEVELS HIGHER THAN LIMIT LD (day) LE (afternoon) LN (night) Territory with mainly 75 75 65 industrial land use TABLE 13. NOISE LIMITS FOR BILBAO PORT

DAY/AFTERNOON – PORT AREA AND SURROUNDINGS RANGE TOTAL <55,0 dBA 55,0-60,0 60,0-65,0 65,0-70,0 70,0-75,0 >75,0 dBA km2 21,91 17,09 2,26 1,36 0,77 0,39 0,04 % 100 78 10,3 6,2 3,5 1,8 0,2 NIGHT – PORT AREA AND SURROUNDINGS RANGE TOTAL <55,0 dBA 55,0-60,0 60,0-65,0 65,0-70,0 70,0-75,0 >75,0 dBA km2 20,97 18,64 1,30 0,55 0,29 0,17 0,00 % 100 78 10,3 6,2 3,5 1,8 0,2 TABLE 14. AREA EXPOSED TO DIFFERENT NOISE LEVELS

FIGURA 7. FIGURA 8. NOISE LEVELS DURING DAY/AFTERNOON (LEFT) AND NIGHT (RIGHT) NOISE LEVELS DURING DAY/AFTERNOON (LEFT) AND NIGHT (RIGHT) IN FIRST SECTOR

28 / OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS / 29 FIGURA 9. FIGURA 10. NOISE LEVELS DURING DAY/AFTERNOON (LEFT) AND NIGHT (RIGHT) NOISE LEVELS DURING DAY/AFTERNOON (LEFT) AND NIGHT (RIGHT) IN SECOND SECTOR IN THIRD SECTOR

30 / OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS / 31 The main environmental hotsports have been identified for both functional units, 1 tonne of cargo and 1 passenger, INTERPRETATION and each module. GWP ODP MAE PO AP OF RESULTS CEMENT BLOCK PITCH BUILDINGS PITCH PITCH 6 33,27% 28,98% 44,59% 16,05% 12,55% EP LC WU AB ABF BUILDINGS WOOD WATER BUILDINGS PITCH 21,76% 69,58% 31,48% 79,18% 27,01% TABLE 16. MAIN ENVIRONMENTAL HOTSPOTS FOR CARGO HANDLING SERVICES, UPSTREAM MODULE

GWP ODP MAE PO AP ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSIONS 50,95% 100,00% 98,06% 54,87% 74,10% EP LC WU AB ABF NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSIONS ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY 72,41% 100,00% 100,00% 100,00% 100,00% TABLE 17. MAIN ENVIRONMENTAL HOTSPOTS FOR CARGO HANDLING SERVICES, CORE MODULE

GWP ODP MAE PO AP MARPOL V GAS OIL MARPOL V HIDROCARBONS SLUDGE HIDROCARBONS SLUDGE 57,31% 29,48% 85,59% 66,81% 43,17% EP LC WU AB ABF MARPOL V HIDROCARBONS SLUDGE MARPOL V MARPOL V HIDROCARBONS SLUDGE 33,14% 41,73% 44,40% 36,61% 38,35% TABLE 18. MAIN ENVIRONMENTAL HOTSPOTS FOR CARGO HANDLING SERVICES, DOWNSTREAM MODULE

Same environmental hotspots with similar contribution to the total environmental impact were identified for passenger services, except for wood as the main cause of land occupation, replaced by pitch due to allocation rules (wood is not widely used as material input for passenger services).

INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS / 33 7.1. EMAS 7.2. AGREEMENT OF GOOD ENVIRONMENTAL The Port Authority of Bilbao has maintained the EMAS III PRACTICES certificate since 2014 (Eco-Management and Audit Scheme, In order to encourage better environmental practices, and ADDITIONAL or Community Regulation for Eco-Management and Eco-au- as a tool that helps the Port Authority of Bilbao in the diting). improvement of the management of indirect environmen- INFORMATION tal aspects, ”Agreements of Good Environmental Practices 7 This regulation of the European Union is voluntar and (AGEP)” can be signed between the Port Authority and the recognizes those organizations that have implemented an companies that operate in the Port. EMS (Environmental Management System) and have ac- quired a commitment to continuous improvement, verified To be able to sign the agreements, the Port Authority every year through independent audits. requieres the operators to comply with a series of requi- rements, such as having implemented an Environmental For the Port Authority, this is another step within the Management System (ISO 14001 or EMAS). objective of being a ”Port of reference in the environmen- tal field”, marked in the strategic plan, in addition to the By signing these agreements, the operators receive a bo- commitment of the entity with social responsibility, aimed nus for the activity rate, but in turn assume the obligation at making the external responsibilities of the public com- to invest part of this bonus (on average 40%) in different pany match with citizens’ rights. projects that provide improvements in risk prevention and that mitigate the environmental impacts that their activity could generate. As an example, through the last year, 2018, about 14 million euro have been invested in environmental improvements thanks to the signing of these agreements.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION / 35 General Programme Instructions of the International EPD® System. Version 3.0. REFERENCES PCR 2018:06. Port operation services. Version 1.0. Other references: 8 ISO 14040:2006 “Environmental management – Life Cycle Assessment – Principles and framework”. ISO 14044:2006 “Environmental management – Life Cycle Assessment – Requirements and guidelines”. ISO 14025:2006 “Environmental labels and declarations – Type III environ- mental declarations – Principles and procedures”. ISO 21930:2017 “Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works – Core rules for environmental product declarations of cons- truction products and services”.

REFERENCES / 37 This is the first version of this EPD®. DIFFERENCES VERSUS PREVIOUS 9 VERSIONS OF THE EPD®

DIFFERENCES VERSUS PREVIOUS VERSIONS OF THE EPD® / 39 www.bilbaoport.eus