Mariners Weather Log December
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Mariners Weather Log Vol. 45, No. 3 December 2001 Sizing Up the Iceberg Indestructible Icebergs See page 4 Mariners Weather Log From the Editorial Supervisor Mariners Weather Log From the Editorial Supervisor Hello, and Happy Holidays from the entire MWL family. The holiday period is normally a joyous and festive time for all. It is a time to savor the memories past and make new ones with your friends and loved ones. Yes, things have changed this year. No matter where we call home, I believe we all can share a tragic moment or two from this past year. Let us remember our World Trade Centers maritime family U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE of American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), New York Shipping Association, PACRIM, Port Authority of New York & New Donald L. Evans, Secretary Jersey, Rohde & Liesenfeld, Serko & Simon LLP, and Zim- American Shipping Company , and lift them up in our hearts this holiday season by remembering all the fond National Oceanic and memories we have shared.. Atmospheric Administration This issue has a lot of great stories for your reading Conrad C. Lautenbacher, Jr., Administrator pleasure. The International Ice Patrol graces our cover with a historical perspective of iceberg removal. Another article, first printed in SMITHSONIAN Magazine, tells of how flotsam can be used to study the ocean currents. The National Weather Service British METOFFICE has offered us a story on the EGOS buoy programme, and the Miami Herald has given John J. Kelly, Jr., permission to reprint their story of how the National Assistant Administrator for Weather Services Hurricane Center used our VOS Observations to help track Tropical Storm Allison. Editorial Supervisor Once again, best wishes for a happy and safe holiday Robert A. Luke season, and I hope that Santa Claus, Criscringle, Father Christmas, Father Frost, Père Noël Joulupukki, Kris Kringle, Editor Sabdiklos, Saint Nicolas, Sancte Claus, Sinter Klaas, or Bernadette T. Duet Weinachtsmann brings you all that you hope for and more. Luke Layout/Design Patti Geistfeld Some Important Web Page Addresses NOAA http://www.noaa.gov Articles, photographs, and letters should be sent to: National Weather Service http://www.nws.noaa.gov National Data Buoy Center http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov Mr. Robert A. Luke, Editorial Supervisor AMVER Program http://www.amver.com Mariners Weather Log VOS Program http://www.vos.noaa.gov NDBC (W/OPS 52) SEAS Program http://seas.nos.noaa.gov/seas/ Mariners Weather Log http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/ Bldg 1100, Room 353D mwl/mwl.htm Stennis Space Center, MS 39529-6000 Marine Dissemination http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/ marine/home.htm Phone: (228) 688-1457 U.S. Coast Guard http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/ Fax: (228) 668-3153 Navigation Center marcomms/ E-mail: [email protected] See these web pages for further links. 2 Mariners Weather Log Mariners Weather Log Table of Contents International Ice Patrol ...................................................................................................................... 4 Message in a Bottle .......................................................................................................................... 8 European Group on Ocean Stations (EGOS) .................................................................................. 18 Satellites, or Simply Ships at Sea, Blend to Help Hurricane Forecasters ........................................... 23 TPC Calling All Ships at Sea ........................................................................................................... 25 Retired NWS Employee Inducted into Great Lakes Maritime Hall of Fame...................................... 26 Prostatis: Liberty Ship of WWII ..................................................................................................... 27 Departments: Marine Weather Review North Atlantic, MayAugust 2001 ....................................................................................................... 28 North Pacific, MayAugust 2001 ........................................................................................................ 40 Tropical Atlantic and Tropical East Pacific, MayAugust 2001 .......................................................... 52 Mean Circulation Highlights and Climate Anomalies, JulyOctober 2001 ........................................... 61 Coastal Forecast Office News ........................................................................................................................... 65 A Storm by Any Other Name ............................................................................................................... 65 September 2001 Alaska Marine and Public Services Report ............................................................... 67 VOS Program .................................................................................................................................................... 74 VOS Awards ........................................................................................................................................ 74 VOS Cooperative Ship Reports............................................................................................................ 67 Meteorological Services Observations......................................................................................................................................... 96 December 2001 3 International Ice Patrol Indestructible Icebergs MST1 Duyane Alexander pril 15, 2002 will mark the expert aviation technicians and air Grand Banks of Newfoundland 90th anniversary of the crew from Coast Guard Air shall be guarded for the purpose of loss of the unsinkable Station Elizabeth City, North informing passing ships of the ARMS Titanic. The Titanic struck Carolina. The small crew of the extent of this dangerous region... an iceberg late in the night on April International Ice Patrol is dedi- From the beginning of the Interna- 14, 1912 while crossing the cated to serving the North Atlantic tional Ice Patrol until WWII, this Atlantic Ocean south of the Grand mariner and protecting seafarers service was provided by ships of Banks of Newfoundland, and of all nations from the dangers of the Revenue Cutter Service (now vanished under the waves within icebergs. Since the U.S. Coast the United States Coast Guard). two and a half hours, taking the Guard began monitoring ice Aircraft provided the primary lives of over 1500 passengers and conditions in 1913, they have search method during and after the crew. This tragic event directly amassed an enviable safety war, with surface vessels being lead to the creation of the Interna- record. There have been no used during unusually heavy tional Ice Patrol. reported losses of life or property iceberg years. for vessels that have heeded the The crew, or Ice Picks of the Since the start of the International Ice Patrols published warnings. International Ice Patrol, consists of Ice Patrol, one question has been 18 people: a civilian oceanographer The International Ice Patrol is asked more then any other. Why and a computer specialist, four responsible for providing the Limit not just blow up the iceberg? The officers, one yeoman, and ten of All Known Ice (LAKI) which is short answer is, we tried. marine science technicians located specified under the Safety Of Life There have been many attempts in Groton, Connecticut, with an At Sea (SOLAS) agreement in over the years to reduce the threat eleventh marine science technician Chapter V and states specifically posed by icebergs by destroying remotely located at the National ...the south-eastern, southern and them and/or speeding up their Ice Center in Suitland, Maryland. south-west limits of the regions of melting. The theory is that smaller The Ice Picks work closely with icebergs in the vicinity of the 4 Mariners Weather Log International Ice Patrol pieces of ice will melt faster. The the ice and stuck there, plainly Captains of the vessels would problem has been, and continues to showing their bases in the holes decide to mine the icebergs by be, making the smaller pieces of they made. There are many more letting the explosives drift next to ice. Most of these experiments reports of a similar nature detailing the iceberg, attaching the explosive were spur-of-the-moment efforts. the use of everything from 20mm to them, placing the mine on the cannon to the standard 5-inch gun iceberg, or trying to jam the on the larger cutters. In explosives into a hole in the each case it was found surface. In each case, very little that aside from making a damage was done to the iceberg. bit of crushed ice, the In the 1920s, Professor Howard gunfire had no noticeable T. Barnes of McGill University effect on icebergs. located in Montreal conducted experiments on river ice dams using thermite (an incendiary material that produces molten iron at 4000°F) to remove the blockages. In 1926, Sizing up the Iceberg experiments using thermite were conducted The first documented International on icebergs with very Ice Patrol attempt to destroy an promising results; iceberg occurred on March 26th, however, the findings 1913 when the U.S. Revenue were not followed up on Cutter Miami used her deck gun Ready, Aim, Fire! for many years. In 1959, on an iceberg she was shadowing the research using (following). The description in the One of the collateral duties thermite on icebergs was revisited, official trip report is A 6-pound assigned to the vessels of the and experiments using aerial shot was fired against the vertical International Ice Patrol