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Assessing Change and Vulnerability of the Guyana Coastline with Multi-Temporal Landsat Imagery and Survey Data Ayat Ruh Ali University of Windsor

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Assessing Change and Vulnerability of the Guyana Coastline with Multi-Temporal Landsat Imagery and Survey Data Ayat Ruh Ali University of Windsor University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2016 Assessing Change and Vulnerability of the Guyana Coastline with Multi-Temporal Landsat Imagery and Survey Data Ayat Ruh Ali University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: http://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd Recommended Citation Ali, Ayat Ruh, "Assessing Change and Vulnerability of the Guyana Coastline with Multi-Temporal Landsat Imagery and Survey Data" (2016). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 5798. This online database contains the full-text of PhD dissertations and Masters’ theses of University of Windsor students from 1954 forward. These documents are made available for personal study and research purposes only, in accordance with the Canadian Copyright Act and the Creative Commons license—CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivative Works). Under this license, works must always be attributed to the copyright holder (original author), cannot be used for any commercial purposes, and may not be altered. Any other use would require the permission of the copyright holder. Students may inquire about withdrawing their dissertation and/or thesis from this database. For additional inquiries, please contact the repository administrator via email ([email protected]) or by telephone at 519-253-3000ext. 3208. Assessing Change and Vulnerability of the Guyana Coastline with Multi-Temporal Landsat Imagery and Survey Data by Ayat Ruh Ali A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies through the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science at the University of Windsor Windsor, Ontario, Canada 2016 © 2016 Ayat Ruh Ali Assessing Change and Vulnerability of the Guyana Coastline with Multi-Temporal Landsat Imagery and Survey Data By Ayat Ruh Ali APPROVED BY: Dr. A. Trenhaile Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences __________________________________ Dr. T. Bolisetti Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering __________________________________ Dr. V. Chris Lakhan, Advisor Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences __________________________________ June 29, 2016 DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY I hereby certify that I am the sole author of this thesis and that no part of this thesis has been published or submitted for publication. I certify that, to the best of my knowledge, my thesis does not infringe upon anyone’s copyright nor violate any proprietary rights and that any ideas, techniques, quotations, or any other material from the work of other people included in my thesis, published or otherwise, are fully acknowledged in accordance with the standard referencing practices. I declare that this is a true copy of my thesis, including any final revisions, as approved by my thesis committee and the Graduate Studies office, and that this thesis has not been submitted for a higher degree to any other University or Institution. iii ABSTRACT The rationale for this thesis stems from the vulnerability of the coastal areas in Guyana to the escalating problems resulting from sea level rise. The objectives are to: (i) assess coastline change in Guyana; (ii) develop a physical-based coastal vulnerability index; and (iii) identify variables that influence the personal concern of coastal residents to water- related problems. The extraction of the Guyana coastlines from ten Landsat satellite images indicates spatial and temporal changes in 25 segments of the 128 km coastline of the Study Area. The estimates of the coastal vulnerability index identify segments of the coastline which are highly vulnerable to sea level rise. Education, age, and distance from the coast are the key variables that influence the level of personal concern. The thesis addresses the problem of paucity of coastal vulnerability research in Guyana. This is a contemporary research problem in low lying coastal areas throughout the world. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Professor V.C. Lakhan has guided me in carrying out this thesis from inception to completion. At every stage, Professor Lakhan has read drafts of the chapters, reviewed them carefully, and provided valuable insights and suggestions. As a result, each revision has led to significant improvements. Professor Alan Trenhaile and Professor Tirupati Bolisetti, the other members of my thesis committee, have given valuable feedback and insights during the course of the preparation of the thesis. Professor Bolisetti has played a key role in introducing me to global climate change models and incorporating them as stressors in land and water analysis. Professor Ihsan Al-Aasm, the graduate coordinator of the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, has shown interest, provided encouragement and assisted me in completing the requirements of the Master’s program. His sustained guidance at critical points of time was crucial. Ms. Margaret Mayer of the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences assisted me greatly in conforming to the administrative requirements of the Department and the University of Windsor. Throughout my Master’s program, Ms. Carina Luo of the Academic Data Center in the Geospatial Services of the University of Windsor assisted me in many aspects of GIS. Mr. Vinod Chilkoti in the Civil Engineering Department of the University of Windsor provided valuable insights in the application of GIS. Mr. Derrick Jodhan was of immense help during my field visit to Guyana. He introduced me to Mr. Kevin Samad and Jermaine Braithwaite, two senior officials, in the Ministry of Public Works in Georgetown, who were generous with their time and provided me with access to their staff and historical and current data that was crucial for the thesis. Mr. Jodhan coordinated and organized my visits to the entire study area. The hospitality and generosity of Mr. Jodhan and his family contributed greatly to the success of my field visit to Guyana. v I express my appreciation to the USGS for providing me with the Landsat data that was an important component of the thesis. I thank my parents and my brother for their support and encouragement throughout the process of completing the thesis. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY.............................................................................. iii ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ xi LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... xii LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................................. xiv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................... xv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION… .................................................................................1 1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................1 1.2 Rationale for and Objectives of Thesis ..........................................................................3 1.2.1 Rationale for Thesis ........................................................................................3 1.2.2 Purpose and Objectives of Thesis ...................................................................4 1.3 Setting and Study Area ..................................................................................................6 1.3.1 Setting .............................................................................................................6 1.3.2 Study Area ......................................................................................................8 1.4 Organization of Thesis .................................................................................................10 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ................................................................11 2.1 Concept of Sea Level Rise ...........................................................................................11 2.2 Effects of Relative Sea Level Rise in Low Lying Coastal Areas ................................15 2.3 Coastal Vulnerability Concepts ...................................................................................17 2.4 Assessment of Coastline Change .................................................................................20 2.4.1 Coastline Extraction using Satellite Imagery ................................................20 2.4.2 Measurement of Coastline Change ...............................................................24 2.4.3 Application of Coastline Extraction Techniques and DSAS in Empirical Studies ........................................................................................................25 vii 2.5 Measurement of Physical Coastal Vulnerability..........................................................32 2.5.1 Methodological Issues ..................................................................................32 2.5.2 Application of CVI in Empirical Studies ......................................................36 2.6 Identification of Variables that Influence the Personal Concern of Individuals for the Environment ...............................................................................................40
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