Oct. 23, 2019 DAY 3 SHOW DAILY OFFICIAL SHOW DAILY OF THE 70TH INTERNATIONAL ASTRONAUTICAL CONGRESS , Lockheed, Northrop join forces for

lue Origin is joining forces guidance systems and avionics for with three other major aero- the lander. B space firms in a “national Executives with the four com- team” to develop a human lunar panies said the urgency required lander for NASA. by the goal of returning humans The company’s founder, Jeff to the within five years led Bezos, announced Oct. 22 his in- them to team up rather than pursue tent to work with , separate lander projects. “A national and Draper priority requires a national team, so on the unnamed lunar lander, the we brought who we feel is the best proposal for which they will submit in class to the job,” Brent Sherwood, to NASA for its Human Landing vice president of advanced develop- Services competition. ment programs at Blue Origin, said “I am excited to announce that at a briefing with reporters. we have put together a national Both Blue Origin and Lockheed team to go back to the moon,” he Martin in particular had previously said during an onstage interview at discussed plans to develop lunar the 70th International Astronautical landers on their own. Bezos hosted Congress here, where he received an an event here in May to discuss plans Excellence in Industry award. “We for Blue Moon, including a “stretched” could not ask for better partners.” version of the descent stage large Under the teaming arrangement, enough to host an ascent module for Blue Origin will serve as the prime crewed missions. Lockheed Martin “We could not ask for better partners,” Blue Origin founder said Oct. 22, contractor and provide a descent showed off its own designs for lunar announcing the formation of a national team to develop NASA’s lunar lander. stage developed for its Blue Moon landers in April that it said could be lunar lander unveiled earlier this ready in time to meet a 2024 lunar government’s already invested in, deadline. “It became very clear to us, year. Lockheed Martin will build a landing goal. and we’ve already invested in, seemed as we broke apart the architecture crew-rated ascent stage, leveraging “It’s not uncommon for all com- like the best use of the American into these pieces, that [it] was in the systems it developed for the panies to lay out an architecture for public’s money,” said Lisa Callahan, best interest of our team,” he said. spacecraft. Northrop Grumman will an entire system,” Sherwood said. vice president and general manager The lander, Sherwood said, is build a transfer stage to move the Given both the work required and of commercial and civil space at designed to “fully exploit the capa- lander from the to the 2024 deadline, though, “the most Lockheed Martin. bilities” of Blue Origin’s low lunar , based on its sensible thing was to get together to Frank DeMauro, sector vice rocket, but could also fly on other . Draper will provide try to deliver this for NASA.” president and general manager at vehicles. He declined to say how “All of us coming together and Northrop Grumman, said the pairing many New Glenn vehicles would JEFF FOUST taking existing systems that the made sense even without the 2024 be needed to send the complete CRAIG VANDER GALIEN FOR SPACEENWS

001-007_IAC ShowDaily-DAY THREE 2019.indd 1 10/22/19 6:10 PM 001-007_IAC ShowDaily-DAY THREE 2019.indd 2 All Rights Reserved. D19_12210 Reserved. Rights All Corporation Grumman Northrop ©2019 COUNTING DOWN TO DOWN LAUNCH OMEGA, northropgrumman.com/ 10/22/19 5:23 PM

NASA/AUBREY GEMIGNANI OMEGA, DAY 3 SHOW DAILY NASA, ESA agreements extend COUNTING Luxembourg’s space resources work

greements with NASA and the Euro- pean Space Agency are the latest steps Aby the government of Luxembourg to DOWN TO support its emerging space resources industry. NASA Administrator and Marc Serres, chief executive of the Luxem- bourg Space Agency (LSA), signed a memo- randum of understanding (MOU) Oct. 22 to discuss potential collaboration in NASA’s ex- LAUNCH ploration plans. That agreement outlined co- operation in several areas, from space-related applications to utilization of space resources. The MOU stems from a separate space cooperation agreement between the govern- ments of Luxembourg and the United States signed in May. “Our aim is to really develop together all kinds of new activities in space,” Étienne Schneider, deputy prime minister NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine, right, and Luxembourg Space Agency CEO Marc Serres, left, shake of Luxembourg, said in an Oct. 22 interview hands Oct. 22 after signing an agreement, while James Randolph Evans, U.S. ambassador to Luxembourg, during the 70th International Astronautical back right, and Luxembourg Deputy Prime Minister Etienne Schneider, back left, observed, Congress. The agreement is part of a broader ef- said. “ESA is very much interested in cooper- tal fund by the end of the year, while the gov- fort to build links between the space indus- ating with this research center.” ernment will consider a new comprehensive tries of the two countries. “We’re trying to That ESA support, he added, is pending national space law in 2020. bring U.S. companies together with Luxem- a decision by member states to fund ESA’s Schneider said that the initiative has led bourg-based companies and see how they proposed European Exploration Envelope about 50 companies to establish offices in can cooperate,” he said. That cooperation, Programme at the upcoming ministerial Luxembourg, with more than 150 other com- he added, could allow American companies meeting in late November. “We hope to get panies in the pipeline. However, he added, to work on ESA programs and have Luxem- the support of member states to get ESA on very few of them are as focused on space bourg companies participate in NASA’s Arte- our side developing this,” he said. resources as those earlier mis program to return humans to the moon. Luxembourg started its SpaceResources. companies, with most being more general The NASA agreement comes four days lu initiative in 2016, at a time when there was entrepreneurial space companies. after Luxembourg signed a separate agree- strong interest in asteroid mining by startups “If you focus on space mining, you will ment with ESA to study cooperation on space like Deep Space Industries and Planetary Re- not have revenues for many years,” he said. resources. As part of that agreement, LSA will sources. Luxembourg’s support included an “You need to have short-term initiatives as establish a Space Resources Research Center investment in Planetary Resources and an well to make some money on the way.” in the country. MOU with Deep Space Industries, but both Schneider said that the demise of Plan- That center will build upon the existing companies have since been acquired by oth- etary Resources in particular, which led the work with institutes and the University of er companies with no asteroid mining plans. government to lose 12 million euros ($13.4 Luxembourg. “We came to the conclusion That has not slowed down the overall ef- million) invested in it, did not have any long- that, in order to really in research fort, Schneider said, which includes passage term repercussions for the initiative. “Since in space resources, we should have a proper of a law granting companies in the countries the beginning, I’ve said this initiative is high space resources research center,” Schneider rights to space resources they acquire, as well risk,” he said. “You have to accept that some- as the establishment of LSA last September. times you’ll fail. It’s not a dramatic situation. JEFF FOUST The agency expects to launch a venture capi- It’s life.” SN

lander system to the moon. for full-scale development. The landers will be “It’s a relatively small community. We talk to Proposals are due to NASA for the Human owned by the companies, with NASA purchas- each other all the time,” Sherwood said when northropgrumman.com/omega Landing Services competition Nov. 1. NASA ing landing services rather than the landers asked how the companies decided to join forces. previously stated it intends to select several themselves. Sherwood said he expected a “very “When it became clear what NASA was going proposals for initial studies, depending on avail- rapid selection” of proposals, with work starting to ask for, to us it seemed like the most sensible funding, and then select as many as two as soon as January. approach.” SN NASA/AUBREY GEMIGNANI

DAY 3 | SPACENEWS SHOW DAILY | 3 ©2019 Northrop Grumman Corporation All Rights Reserved. D19_12210

001-007_IAC ShowDaily-DAY THREE 2019.indd 3 10/22/19 5:24 PM SHOW DAILY DAY 3

Noosphere Venture campaign coming together with radar constellation

OS Data Analytics (EOS), an Earth imag- about the market and customer needs. ery processing and analysis company, Two years later, Noosphere invested “It’s not about , Eplans to begin launching high-resolution in Firefly, a firm whose launch capability it’s about constellations synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellites by is “perfectly sized to deploy constellations 2022 as its owner Noosphere Venture Partners of remote sensing satellites into dedicated and constellation takes another step toward its goal of creating needed for rapid revisit,” said William management to create a vertically integrated space powerhouse. Woods, Noosphere Ventures entrepreneur Many people know Noosphere Ventures, in residence. a successful business a Silicon Valley investment firm, for the life - Now, Noosphere is “focusing on every- case.” line it provided in 2017 to thing in between, which is constellations when the small developer and other systems,” Polyakov said. “SAR is a Max Polyakov, Noosphere Ventures managing was running out of money. Other Noosphere very sexy area that has not been disrupted partner. Ventures portfolio companies are less well- yet. We have been working on this quietly known and some remain in stealth mode. for a year and a half.” For about six years, Noosphere Ventures Space Electric Thruster Systems, another has been working methodically to create a Noosphere company, will supply propulsion vertically integrated holding that includes for the small SAR satellites. four EOS SAR satellites, he added. Plus, the firms capable of producing satellites and “All the work is feeding into this remote launch vehicle deployment mechanisms will sensors, launching satellites, and analyzing sensing venture,” Woods said. “The big pic- be sized to fit the SAR satellites. “There will and disturbing data. ture is finally coming together.” be deep integration,” Polyakov said. “It’s not about satellites, it’s about con - Noosphere’s radar startup, EOS SAR, plans EOS already has 40 to 45 people working stellations and constellation management to launch a constellation of small satellites around the world on data analytics, SAR sat- to create a successful business case,” said weighing about 200 kilograms with 3.6-me- ellites, sensors and antenna design, Polyakov Max Polyakov, Noosphere Ventures man- ter deployable antennas to gather imagery said. “We have already done enough so we aging partner. It could take 20 to 25 years with a resolution of 25-centimeters per pixel. will get the right strategic partnerships, which to build the type of company he envisions, EOS SAR plans to offer customers imagery will help us evolve even faster,” he added. Polyakov added. and data in three modes: Stripmap, Spotlight EOS SAR says on its website it will launch In 2015 Noosphere Ventures established and Interferometric, a technique often used its first in 2022 and begin commer - EOS, a company focused on processing and to create maps and digital elevation models. cial operations in 2023. The company might analyzing Earth observation data, to learn “We believe that’s what government and even beat that schedule but Polyakov said he commercial customers need,” Polyakov said. wants to be careful not to overpromise and DEBRA WERNER A single Firefly could launch three or disappoint customers. SN

In Brief

Firefly Aerospace announced it will work with Aerojet Rocketdyne, an agreement that could lead to use of an Aerojet engine. Aerojet Rocketdyne and Firefly said they will collaborate on multiple fronts, including the Orbital Transfer Vehicle that Firefly is building to ferry LEO satellites up to the geosyn- chronous arc. While Firefly is developing its own engines for its Alpha small launch vehicle, whose first flight is scheduled for early next year, the company said it’s considering Aerojet’s AR1 engine, originally developed for potential use on ULA’s Vulcan rocket, for its larger Beta rocket.

India is still studying the cause of the loss of its Vikram lunar lander last month. In an Oct. 21 interview, S. Somanath, director of ISRO’s Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, said engineers were using simulations to reconstruct what happened to the lander, part of the Chandrayaan-2 mission, after contact was lost 2.1 kilometers above the surface during its attempted landing Sept. 6. ISRO is hold- ing off on an announcement about the lander until that work is finished, but he acknowledged the FIrefly CEO Tom Markusic at IAC on Oct. 22. lander likely hit the lunar surface at a high velocity, “beyond its survivability.” CRAIG VANDER GALIEN FOR SPACENEWS SPACENEWS/DEBRA WERNER

4 | SPACENEWS

001-007_IAC ShowDaily-DAY THREE 2019.indd 4 10/22/19 6:10 PM DAY 3 SHOW DAILY

Companies, international partners key to future lunar exploration

ntrepreneurs and interna- economic growth and streamline tional government agencies regulations, O’Connell said. Ewill play important roles in “It is important to pay attention NASA’s future lunar exploration, to the kinds of capabilities entre- according to speakers at the 2019 preneurs are offering,” he added. International Astronautical Con- “There’s sometimes a disbelief in gress here. government that something can While previous lunar cam- happen or can happen as fast as paigns were directed and funded entrepreneurs think it can.” by the U.S. government, future missions will involve many pri- Entrepreneurial spirit vate companies and international To help entrepreneurs succeed, partners, said Ryan Whitley, Na- O’Connell mentioned “the possi- tional Space Council civil space bility the government could make policy director. a small investment” in companies Through public-private part- to further government goals nerships, NASA intends to buy “even as the companies pursue transportation for astronauts commercialization.” traveling to the International The panelists, who were as well as astronauts discussing lunar exploration in traveling to the lunar surface. the New Space age, frequently Eric Stallmer, Commercial Federation president; Bob Richards, Moon “Public-private partnerships referred to Space Policy Directive Express founder and CEO; Namira Salim Space Trust founder and executive are essential to what we are trying One, which calls on NASA to “lead chairperson; Margaret Kieffer, NASA Export Control and Interagency Liaison to do,” said Margaret Kieffer, NASA an innovative and sustainable Division director; Kevin O’Connell, director of the Commerce Department’s Office Export Control and Interagency program of exploration with of Space Commerce; and Ryan Whitley, civil space policy director, discussed future human missions to the moon during the New Space age Liaison Division director. “Entre- commercial and international at the 2019 International Astronautical Congress in Washington. preneurs see the advantage and partners to enable human ex- the economic benefit of putting pansion across the system their own skin in the game.” and to bring back to Earth new Public-private partnerships knowledge and opportunities.” will help to ensure a sustained architecture,” Ryan said. “It pro- also benefit the U.S. government, Entrepreneurs are helping to human presence on the moon, vides sustainability, resilience “because we know that giving ensure future lunar campaigns panelists said. and affordability as countries companies a chance to innovate are sustained, O’Connell said. “We “When you look at the whole participate and have the benefit and compete with one another will see entrepreneurs thinking about picture of exploring the moon of other nations investing with bring the best out of everyone,” training and feeding people who both robotically and with humans, them.” said Kevin O’Connell, director of will live and work on the moon for NASA is one small part of that,” This type of international co- the Commerce Department’s Office long periods of time,” he added. Kieffer said. With Artemis and the operation also offers geopolitical of Space Commerce. “It doesn’t , for example, lunar Gateway, “the intention is to benefits. “It’s a diplomatic tool we mean we give up on safety and has a long-term vision for lunar create an open architecture that cannot ignore,” Ryan said. the standards we apply.” operations including mining. industry and entrepreneurs can NASA has about 700 interna- By investing in industry part- “The moon is the next stepping leverage for their own purposes. tional partnerships in force now, ners, the government is taking stone,” said Bob Richards, Moon The goal is to encourage every- Kieffer said. Those agreements steps toward reducing the cost Express CEO and founder. “Its one to partner with NASA or with have become even more im - of space missions and helping close to the economies of earth. others in the international and portant since March when Vice companies establish a robust It’s absolutely the next logical commercial community.” President Mike Pence announced space economy, Ryan said. place for governments and the The panelists pointed to the the Trump Administration’s pol- The Office of Space Com - private sector to work together to space station as a good model icy of returning astronauts to the merce is working closely with push the boundaries of not just for cooperation. moon within five years. entrepreneurs as it seeks to foster economics and entrepreneurship “You have resilience and risk That direction keeps NASA but of policy and law.” reduction as a result of multiple “laser-focused on the task at DEBRA WERNER International partners also partners being engaged on the hand,” Kieffer said. CRAIG VANDER GALIEN FOR SPACENEWS SPACENEWS/DEBRA WERNER SN

DAY 3 | SPACENEWS SHOW DAILY | 5

001-007_IAC ShowDaily-DAY THREE 2019.indd 5 10/22/19 5:25 PM SHOW DAILY DAY 3

Arianespace targets 2023 for lunar 6 rideshare mission

uropean launch provider missions and is poised to lobby for is planning that goal. Israël said Arianespace will Ea rideshare mission to the push for a European crewed space- moon in 2023 as an early step toward flight program at the European Space increasing Europe’s involvement in Agency’s 2022 ministerial meeting, lunar activity, CEO Stéphane Israël where its member states will decide said Oct. 22. on what programs to fund for the Israël, speaking at the 70th In- following three years. ternational Astronautical Congress “I would like, for this [2022] con- here, said the rideshare mission will ference ministerial, [that] we start be able to deliver 8,500 kilograms into working on human flight through a lunar transfer orbit. Orbiters and/or a European launcher,” he said. landers would reach the moon three Israël said Arianespace would not days after liftoff, he said. make that push at ESA’s Space19+ “In 2023 we are ready to offer the ministerial next month in Spain. first rideshare mission to the moon Arianespace’s flagship heavy with Ariane 6,” Israël said, adding lift launcher, the , was de- Arianespace CEO Stéphane Israël speaking Oct. 22 in Washington at the 70th Inter- that Arianespace is “contemplating signed to launch a crewed European national Astronautical Congress. public and private customers” for called , but ESA that mission. canceled the project in 1992 after Ariane 6, which has its first flight schedule delays and cost overruns. Automated Transfer Vehicles — to for which Ariane 6 is “perfectly in 2020, will not launch humans, Israël Ariane 5, in its history of more than the International Space Station for adapted.” France and Germany, the said. But Arianespace would like to 100 flights, has mainly launched ESA using Ariane 5 rockets. two biggest financial and industrial see Europe conduct its own crewed telecommunications satellites. From Israël said Arianespace is aware backers of the Ariane 6 program, 2008 to 2014, Arianespace launched a of two ESA lunar programs to be are also considering a robotic lunar CALEB HENRY series of five cargo vessels — European considered at the 2019 ministerial mission using Ariane 6, he said. S N

ESA to seek Prometheus funding at Space19+

he will ask its the Space19+ ministerial,” he said. methane needed for Prometheus. 22 member states next month to fund ESA’s tri-annual ministerial conferences are Breteau said Prometheus is so far in line with T an additional two to eight Prometheus where the agency and its members allocate funds its cost target and its performance target of 1,000 reusable engines so that the agency can further for future space programs. ESA is seeking 12.5 billion kilonewtons in thrust. He said it is difficult to the engine’s development. euros ($13.9 billion) at its upcoming ministerial, have a set mass target for Prometheus because ESA, with prime contractor ArianeGroup, dubbed Space19+, Nov. 27-28 in Seville, Spain. that requires knowing what vehicle the engine has two Prometheus engines being built today, Breteau said ESA needs to know the outcome will support. leveraging funds granted at its 2016 ministerial, of the ministerial before it can lay out the next Work on Prometheus has been done with the plus earlier work supported by the French Space steps for Prometheus. The agency has “very am- expectation that it would be used on a launch vehicle Agency CNES. bitious” plans for the liquid-oxygen and methane in the 2030s, but ArianeGroup has mused using Jérôme Breteau, ESA’s head of future space engine, he said. it on the Ariane 6 rocket, which debuts in 2020. transportation, said Oct. 21 at the 70th Interna- ESA’s goal with Prometheus is to manufacture Breteau wouldn’t go so far as to name a launcher tional Astronautical Congress here that those two the engine for 1 million euros ($1.1 million) each — a that might use Prometheus. engines are on track for test firings in late 2020 at tenth the price of the engine used on the “System engineering on the target launcher the German Space Agency DLR’s Lampoldshausen first stage of Europe’s Ariane 5 rocket. Prometheus configuration is ongoing,” he said. ESA has what facility. ESA will continue engine tests into 2021, is also designed to be reusable. Breteau described as “more than a notional idea” but what follows “is the subject of our proposal to Breteau said Lampoldshausen’s hydrogen of how to Prometheus engines together engine test bench, used for Ariane 6’s Vulcain on a launcher, a detail he said gives an “idea of the SANSA CALEB HENRY FRO SPACENEWS CALEB HENRY 2.1 engine, will need upgrades to support the maturity of the system activities.” SN

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001-007_IAC ShowDaily-DAY THREE 2019.indd 6 10/22/19 6:10 PM DAY 3 SHOW DAILY

African nations eye smallsat programs to boost space capacities

“All African countries with space programs have small satellite programs, which is an indication that African countries are embracing small satellite programs as an affordable ticket to space.”

For instance, Nigeria collaborated with Sur- rey Satellite Technology (SSTL) from the U.K. to build the NigeriaSat-1 and NigeriaSat-X satellites, and Nigeria’s Federal University of Technology Akure (FUTA) partnered with South Africa’s smallsat program has been leading African efforts, with seven small satellites launched to date. Japan’s Kyushu University of Technology to build NigeriaSatEdu-1, a 1U developed under the Japanese BIRDS project.” number African countries are devel- Space in Africa, Ibeh will present a paper on Ibeh says that numerous African states are oping their respective small satellite these programs, titled Maximizing the Ben- leveraging their small satellite programs to foster A programs. While some of the states efits of Small Satellite Programs in Africa, at their human capacities, know-how, and space decide to team up and pool their capacities, the this year’s IAC. infrastructure. dominant trend among Africa’s nations is to Since 2017, six “out of the 10 satellites “African engineers built 14 of the 35 satel- pursue cooperation with established Western launched by African countries were nano- lites, including those they built in Africa and space industry players, local observers say. satellites — this is an indication that Africa is others using facilities outside of Africa. There “All African countries with space programs moving fully toward … small satellite options,” are multiplying business opportunities for local have small satellite programs, which is an in- the paper says. and foreign companies across the various sub- dication that African countries are embracing As these states are developing their respec- sectors of the African space industry,” Oniosun small satellite programs as an affordable ticket tive space capacities, inter-African collabora- and Ibeh wrote in Space in Africa’s African Space to space. To give you numbers, South Africa has tion on small satellite programs is facilitated Industry Annual Report released last June. developed and launched seven small satellites, by initiatives such as the African Resources For a number of African states, “small Algeria five, Nigeria three, Egypt three, and Management Constellation (ARMC), a part- satellite programs have been … valuable for Ghana, Kenya, Morocco and recently Rwanda nership between Algeria, Kenya, Nigeria and amassing complete capacities in small sat- have each launched one,” Joseph Ibeh, senior South Africa. As part of this project, each of ellite subsystems and payloads manufactur- editor at Space in Africa and a member of the the four countries has agreed to contribute an ing. For instance, South African new space Space Generation Advisory Council (SGAC), Earth observation satellite for shared resource companies are at the front line of supplying told SpaceNews. management, according to Ibeh. cutting-edge technologies in small satellite Other African countries developing small “There are few other bilateral or multilat- subsystems, altitude control systems and satellites that are yet to be launched into space eral agreements, but they are mainly focused imaging payloads to many global satellite include Mauritius, Sudan, Ethiopia and Tunisia, on the use and application of satellites other missions,” Ibeh said. “Other African countries according to Ibeh. than joint development of small satellite pro- such as Algeria and Egypt are also making Together with Temidayo Oniosun from grams,” Ibeh said. “However, cooperation on tremendous progress in terms of human the development of small satellite programs capital development, space infrastructure SANSA CALEB HENRY FRO SPACENEWS JAROSLAW ADAMOWSKI is mainly done with non-African partners. and IP knowledge.” SN

DAY 3 | SPACENEWS SHOW DAILY | 7

001-007_IAC ShowDaily-DAY THREE 2019.indd 7 10/22/19 5:25 PM 008-012_IAC ShowDaily-DAY THREE 2019.indd 8 8 |SPACENEWS by spacelasers. of satellites connected to each other options. Starlink is a mesh network offer customers customized service wants extra spacecraft to be able to company the but coverage global for needed are fewerFar satellites. many that need will that certain Commission. by the U.S. Federal Communications addition to 12,000 already approved broadband constellation. This was in orbit low-Earth largest world’s the additional Starlink satellites to build 30,000 for spectrum approve to national Telecommunication Union Inter the requested it when week gives you more capacity.” that after launch “Every said. she 24 launches to get global coverage,” and lower latitude bands. “We need upper in service continuous sure already took place in May — to en- launches — including the one that Starlink eight to six complete to worked!!” it “Whoa, followers. million 29 his satellite,”Starlink via to tweeted he “Sending this tweet through space used it to send a tweet early Oct. 22. Starlink terminal at his house and he Shotwell acknowledged. nals, which is not a minor challenge, and engineering of the user termi- SpaceX also must finish the design reporters during a media roundtable. told Shotwell satellites, of batches eight to six launch to company Shotwell saidOct.22. and chief operating officer Gwynne in mid-2020, the company’s president S Starlink broadband servicesin2020 SpaceX planstostartoffering SHOWDAILY Shotwell said SpaceX is not is SpaceX said Shotwell last stir a companycaused The need will SpaceX said Shotwell a has Musk Elon CEO SpaceX the require will there Getting SANDRA ERWIN via its Starlink constellation service in the United States broadband offering start can it confident is paceX A 3 DAY - company has to “get right,” she said. the that business Starlink the of Shotwell, Terminals are one aspect hire,” said to have will we people service less the terminal, user the on do we engineering more “The User terminals are a major concern. engineering. product and support tech sales, with deal to workforce of revenue. services as SpaceX’s primary source that it will not replace space launch “additive to our business,” meaning sumer business.” con- a it’s but technology space leveraging “It’s said. SpaceX,”she for business different very is “This SpaceX. for territory uncharted is offer theservice. partner with local telecom firms to to required be will company the countries many In cars. selling following Musk’s Tesla model for consumers to directlyoffered be out, she said. When possible it will worked be to remain out rolled be will service the how of details the of Many market. consumer the serve will it how on focused now is but governmentU.S. the to vice twin-engine turboprop aircraft. to the cockpit of a U.S. military C-12 of 610 megabits per second in flight has demonstrated data throughout broadband services. So far, SpaceX which the military might use Starlink the next three years different ways in over test to contract million $28 a SpaceX in December 2018 received a program called Global Lightning. Air Force Research Laboratory under features are being tested by the U.S. launches by theendof nextyear.” said Shotwell. “We’re hoping for 24 network until mid to late next year,” When consumers sign up, “they new whole a hire must SpaceX considered is Starlink said She Shotwell recognized a lot of this ser the offer to wants SpaceX Shotwell said many of the Starlink the upgrade to continue “We’ll - Oct. 22,“It’s leveragingspacetechnologybutit’saconsumerbusiness.” differentbusinessforSpaceX,”SpaceXPresidentGwynneShotwellsaid isvery “This panies continue to build competing in operation as several other com- declined toname. move to a different location Shotwell will future the in manufacturing mass But California. Hawthorne, in factory SpaceX’s at produced said Shotwell. “Every country has its own process,” service. the offer to authorization get to nation by nationworking is the user terminal will be beautiful.” wants everything to be beautiful. So he Elon, “Knowing Shotwell. said still have a lot to do to get that right,” are still issues to be ironed out. “We should be placed in someone’s home connected and where the terminals gets that How Shotwell. said cord, SpaceX” with a user terminal and a from box a receive to going are SpaceX is racing to get Starlink Starlink get to racing is SpaceX being are today satellites The Outside the United States, SpaceX have flown. So far 23 of the recovered boosters recovered: 26 at sea and 18 on land. boosters in 2015, 44 first stages were fourth flight. will be launched by a booster on its mission scheduled in mid-November signed for 10 flights. The next Starlink how many missions theycando.” capability of those boosters and see intent is to use Starlink to push the we manage the fleet,” she said. “Our think we’ll manage the fleet how best “I Shotwell. said possible, as much as boosters Falcon flown viously planned, SpaceX wants to use pre - there will becompetitors.” money, make and well do we “If market for at least two competitors. the in room probably is there said broadband constellations. Shotwell Since SpaceX started returning returning started SpaceX Since A single Falcon booster was de- are launches Starlink more As S N 10/22/19 5:30 PM

CRAIG VANDER GALIEN FOR SPACENEWS

BOEING DAY 3 SHOW DAILY Boeing pitching its new small GEO satellite to governments abroad

oeing is hoping to sign up international buyers for its new communications Bsatellite bus aimed at the small geosyn- chronous market. At the 2019 International Astronautical Congress this week, the company will be pitching the Boeing 702x spacecraft to several potential customers, Eric Jensen, vice president of Boeing’s global commercial satellite sales, told SpaceNews. “We have a team at IAC,” he said. “We’re going to engage customers on a national and commercial level.” Boeing announced in September at Euro- consult’s annual World Satellite Business Week conference in Paris that it was introducing the 702x family of spacecraft to compete for what is expected to be a growing market for small satellites. The 702x small GEO bus is based on the O3b mPower satellite Boeing is producing for SES’s medium-Earth orbit constellation of high-throughput satel- lites. Boeing combined its legacy 702 small and medium platforms with a newly designed digital payload. In the weeks since the Euroconsult con- ference, “we have heard interest expressed from smaller governments,” Jensen said. The use of a digital, reprogrammable payload and the miniaturization of electronics has made it possible to pack the same capability of a 4,000-kilogram satellite into one half that size, he said. Boeing sees as its closest com- petitor in this segment of the market. Jensen declined to name specific countries that have expressed interest in the 702x satel- lite. Some potential customers, he suggested, Boeing’s 702X small GEO bus is based on the 03b mPower satellites its building for SES’s medium-Earth-orbit could be nations that currently are partners broadband constellation. and users of the U.S. government’s Wideband Global Satcom (WGS) military constellation of satellites. WGS partners allocation relatively easy to do, he said. “People these products is different, Jensen said. For the include Canada, Denmark, Luxembourg, the are thinking differently about how to use this.” 702x spacecraft, Boeing designed the payload Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway and the A spacecraft ordered today would be ready to make it easier for customers to change the Czech Republic. to launch in 2022, Jensen said. Boeing designed satellite’s missions and re-purpose capacity. “They’re looking at this technology for bite- the satellite to be compatible with most launch Satellite operators, for example, could shift size versions that nations can use, re-purpose it vehicles. “We are working with all providers,” from offering TV broadcast to broadband inter- for different missions,” said Jensen. A country Jensen said. net services. They can also reallocate capacity would decide, for example, to split the capac- The 702x can be launched as a primary or as they see fit. “You can shape and form beams, ity for government use and for commercial . Three would fit on United put a lot of throughput to a given region so economic stimulus. A fully digital payload Launch Alliance’s , SpaceX’s you don’t waste energy over places where you that can be reprogrammed makes this type of or Arianespace’s Ariane 6. don’t have customers,” he said. “Old-school While there is a lot of marketing buzz about satellites can cover an entire country, but it’s SANDRA ERWIN digital re-programmable satellites, every one of hard to parse and distribute data.” SN CRAIG VANDER GALIEN FOR SPACENEWS BOEING BOEING

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008-012_IAC ShowDaily-DAY THREE 2019.indd 9 10/22/19 5:31 PM SHOW DAILY DAY 3

Commerce Dept’s cybersecurity arm developing guidelines for space industry

s companies race to launch hundreds did in other sectors for cyber protection,” says of satellites into in the Kordella. Acoming years, ensuring their systems The large telecom firms that operate geo- are protected from cyber threats should not synchronous communications satellites have be an afterthought, cybersecurity experts Sam invested and continue to invest in cybersecu- Visner and Scott Kordella argue in a paper to rity for their satellites and ground systems. But be presented at the 70th International Astro- many of the startups that are poised to deploy nautical Congress. satellites in low Earth orbit are small and might Visner is the director of the National Cyber- not be prepared to deal with cyber threats, security Federally Funded Research and Devel- Kordella argues. For this burgeoning sector of opment Center (NCF), which is managed by the space economy, any disruption of service MITRE, a not-for-profit company that operates caused by hackers or hijackers taking control federal R&D centers. Kordella is MITRE’s director of their satellites could lead to financial ruin. of systems. The NCF, the nation’s Small businesses have a large presence first federally funded center solely dedicated in the space economy either as stand-alone to cybersecurity, supports the Commerce De- companies or suppliers to larger companies, partment’s National Institute of Standards and Kordella says. Even those with limited financial Technology (NIST). resources, he adds, can still ensure the safety of The center has developed and published their operations at relatively low cost by taking “We want to develop [cybersecurity] guidelines that cybersecurity “best practices” for industries advantage of commercially available encryption the industry can use with some level of confidence,” like financial services and health care. These and other technologies. says Scott Kordella, MITRE’s director of outer space systems. guidelines can be especially valuable to startups The NCF is just starting to develop cybersecurity and small businesses that don’t have internal guidelines for the space industry, Kordella says. resources to combat cybercrime, Visner told MITRE expects to have a draft ready sometime SpaceNews. As the space-based economy in 2020. The draft will be coordinated with NIST, software or hardware, says Visner. “We’re grows, he says, cybersecurity is going to be the National Space Council and industry groups. attempting to make cybersecurity possible essential to companies’ future. “We’ve been “We want to develop guidelines that the in- and consumable for the broadest number of interested in space for a long time because of dustry can use with some level of confidence,” industries, including space.” the importance of space to national security says Kordella. The guidelines would recommend, As with other cybersecurity guidelines NIST and the national economy.” for example, the use of commercially available developed for other industries, their adoption The space is unique in some ways “but not encryption software for satellite uplinks and is voluntary. “This is not a heavy-handed ap- so different that we can’t learn from what we ground systems. proach,” says Kordella. “They’re not requirements NIST is emphatic that cyber protection can but recommendations” that companies can SANDRA ERWIN be achieved without have to develop customized choose to follow. SN

Made In Space to launch commercial recycler to space station

Made In Space announced plans for the Made in Space Additive enable us to venture deeper into and unwanted parts, break them Oct. 21 to send a plastic recycling Manufacturing Facility on the the solar system.” up, apply heat and create spools facility to the International Space space station. In 2016, Made in Space and Braskem, of feedstock for the Additive Man- Station on a Northrop Grumman “Local manufacturing resources the Brazilian petrochemical com- ufacturing Facility. commercial cargo resupply flight are a crucial capability for space pany that produces biopolyethylene Astronauts will load the material scheduled for early November. exploration,” Michael Snyder, Made from sugarcane, announced the but “the recycling process is au- The Braskem Recycler is designed In Space chief engineer, said in first part printed in the Made In tomated and requires minimal to turn plastic waste and 3D printed a statement. “Demonstrating and Space Additive Manufacturing crew intervention,” according to objects into the type of feedstock validating recycling capabili- Facility out of the material. the Made In Space news release. that serves as the raw material ties on the Iis an important step Since then, the two companies Made In Space developed the toward developing sustainable have developed the Braskem Recycler through its partnership DEBRA WERNER manufacturing systems that will Recycler to take in plastic waste with Brasken. SN

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