Contr. Tert. Quatern. Geol. 28(2-3) 47-92 2 tabs, 5 figs, 8 pis Leiden, September 1991
Late Eocene coral-associated decapods
(Crustacea) from Hungary
P. Müller
Hungarian Geological Survey
Budapest, Hungary
and
J.S.H. Collins
London, Great Britain
— Mtiller, P., &J.S.H. Collins. Late Eocene coral-associated decapods (Crustacea) from Hungary. Contr. Tert. Quatern. Geol., 28(2-3):
47-92, 5 figs, 2 tabs, 8 pis. Leiden, September 1991.
Fifty-eight species of fossil crabs are recorded and figured from Facies 4, a coral-bearing limestone, of the Szépvölgy Formation (Late
Eocene, of The 18 1 and 35 Dardanus curtimanus, Priabonian) Hungary. following genera, subgenus species are new: Pagurus latidactylus,
Diogenes longimanus, Paguristes oligotuberculatus, Galathea (Acanthogalathea subgen. nov.) parva, Protomunida pentacantha, Longoporcellana denticulata
Petrolisthes ? Ovocarcinus Dromilites Dromilites Krom titis gen. nov., Polyonyx arcuatus, striatissimus, elongatus gen. nov., fossata, subglobosa, pentagonalis, Ovamene Ethusa Gemmacarcinus Cymonomus primitivus, franciae gen. nov., evae, fossatus gen. nov., Nanomaja simplex gen. nov.,
Mesolambrus declinatus Actaeites lobatus Paraxanthosia budensis gen. nov., gen. nov., gen. nov., Pilumnomimus planidentatus, Priabonocarcinus gallicus
Prochlorodius Eomaldivia Eomaldivia gen. nov., ellipticus gen. nov., Sculptoplax rigida gen. nov., pannonica gen. nov., trispinosa, Budapanopeus denticulatus altus Corallicarcinus gen. nov., Panopeus granulineatus, Branchioplax sulcata, Caprocancer gen. nov., planus gen. nov., Daragrapsus
minima and bittneri. Another is introduced trispinosus gen. nov., Eoplax gen. nov., Palaeograpsus new genus, Lobogalenopsis gen. nov., to accommodate described and in are described, but named. a previously species eight species as many genera not
— Key words iCrustacea, Decapoda, Late Eocene (Priabonian), Hungary, new taxa.
P. Miiller, Hungarian Geological Survey, Nepstadion lit 14, 1442 Budapest, Hungary; J.S.H. Collins, 63 Oakhurst Grove, East Dulwich,
London SE22 9AH, Great Britain.
Contents model. In the describe the present paper we
fauna collected from the 4-5 thick coral- decapod m Introduction 47 p. limestones of Fades Kazmer bearing 4. (1985, p. 49 Systematics p. 143, MF-6A) described the microfacies of this lime- Discussion p. 90 stone. Kolosvary (1949) enumerated the corals orig- 91 Acknowledgements p. from this the abundant is inating layer; most genus References p. 91 Actinacis d'Orbigny, 1849, often with vertically-
standing branches, and colonies of Goniopora de Introduction Blainville, 1840, Astreopora de Blainville, 1830,
The Priabonian(Late Eocene) Szepvolgy Limestone Alveopora de Blainville, 1830 and ? Leptomussa
Formation (Hofmann, 1871) includes layers of sev- d'Achiardi, 1867. Colonies seem to 'float' in the eral facies of limestones, marls and clastic rocks. matrix, their position being stabilised mainly by the
Three of these 5 and 6 in sediment. Kazmer (nos 4, text-fig. 1) yield accumulating (1985, p. 143) decapod remains. The sequence is a typically trans- interpreted his observations as follows, "calm, well
environment below gressive one for which Kazmer (1985) proposed a oxygenated wave base. The 48
Fig. 1. Localities of decapods from Facies 4 of the Szépvölgy Limestone, and facies diagram of the Szépvölgy Limestone in the Buda
hills:
a - summits;
b - main streets;
- of Limestone in the Buda c outcrops Szépvölgy area;
d - Facies 4 of:
- 2-3 thick hard limestone with northern infilled EKK, m corals, Martinovics-hegy (Kissvébhegy), quarry, partly leaving
Facies 4 no longer accessible.
- succession EB, different types of coral-bearing rocks, and thickness unknown, from the foundations of house, 185 Bimbo ùt.
- EBA, hard limestone with branching colonies of ahermatypic corals.
- EBK, hard limestone with Actinacis.
- EBM, marly limestone with Actinacis.
- EBV, unidentified limestone.
- blackish and dark limestone with and from the 0.5 thick of 4 thick coral- EF, grey Astreopora Goniopora uppermost m part a m
in abandoned the so-called bearing layer an quarry, Francia-Kőfejtő.
- EGF, marly limestone with Astreopora.
- EGA, marly limestone blocks scattered in woodland covering the west foot of Guggerhegy.
- thick ofhard with with several of EK, a 4 m layer limestone, a slightly marly intercalation, species coral, mainly Actinacis,
from abandoned Felso an quarry, Ruprecht Kőfejtő, Kecske-hegy.
- EE, Eger, blocks ofhard algal limestone scattered over the summit of the hill, Kis-Eged-hegy (described in Lőrenthey &
Beurlen, 1929, p. 82).
e - mountains, high hilly areas
T - cliffs of Carnian Facies follows: 1 - silts and 2 - of dolostone, karstified; are as terrestrial, variegated clays, gravel; aprons
abrasional 3 - 4 - coral Facies in the 5 breccia, conglomerate; calcirudite, coarse calcarenite; limestone, 4 as described text;
Ìcalcarenite with discocyclinids; 6 - marl with bryozoans; 7 - Buda Marl Formation. Facies 2-6 belong to the marine
Limestome the thickness of varies from 10-100 Facies is Priabonian Szépvölgy Formation, which m; 1 or older; Facies 2-7 are
Priabonian in age. 49
motion the corallinus Bittner, 1893, branching corals attentuated water near Bittner, 1875, Phrynolambrus mud and Portunites ? eocaenica 1929, Titanocarcinus sediment base, so micritic was deposited Lorenthey,
The 5 bed 1929 Montezumella Tita- bound red m thick at Lorenthey, [—. elegans], by algae ... Fenyo- elegans
nocarcinus raulinianus Milne corals in micritic mud can be Edwards, 1865), gyongye with interpre- (A.
mud-mound". Such conditions macrochelus coronatus 1886), ted as a coral-algal Palaeocarpilius (Bittner,
in of several of 1897, ? Phlyctenodes might prevail open seas tens metres Palaeograpsus loczyanus Lorenthey, ' laevis Loren- in metres hantkeni 1897, depth, or lagoons of several depth. Lorenthey, Hepatiscus’ — The Szepvolgy Limestone is rather lithified, hard they, 1929 these last two species may originate
due of about Facies 4. and stylolitic partly to an overburden from
and -Fades 6: dacica Bittner, 1893, Micromaia 1000 m partly by hydrothermal activity (Mul- Calappilia
Pisomaia tuberculata ler, in press). punctulosa Lorenthey, 1929 [—i and Lobo- Lorenthey, 1929], Titanocarcinus raulinianus
— 1851. Dr Previous studies of the Szepvolgy Limestone Lorenthey carcinus paulinowuerttembergensis von Meyer,
Tibor Kecskemeti studied Lorenthey's only (1897, 1898a, 1898b, 1898c, 1901a, 1901b, 1904a, kindly of the last-named and confirmed 1904b, in Lorenthey & Beurlen, 1929) studied the specimen species from the the Most of the origin num- decapod fauna of Szepvolgy Limestone. (pers. comm.) Kissvabhegy mulitid foraminifera in the matrix. his fauna was collected from Kissvabhegy (now Lorenthey's
based material collected Martinovicshegy, text-fig. 1) from Facies 4, 5 and 6, study was on partly by
and few himself, amateurs and and from Szepvolgy (Facies 5), a specimens partly by geologists, quarry-
Beurlen one originated from other Budapest localities; Eger men; since Lorenthey & (1929) only
has dealt with (Facies 4) and from Urhida (Facies 5). From Loren- short paper (Muller, 1975) decapods
and from of the of the Limestone. they's descriptions an examination Szepvolgy
matrix of preserved specimens we have prepared a
Localities and methods — The work list of the fossil content of the individual facies, of collecting present
in is based on material collected one of us based on Lorenthey's posthumous publication mainly by
the last 30 in abandoned Lorenthey & Beurlen (1929). (P.M.) during years quar-
ries and natural road on outcrops or cuts (text-fig.
-Facies 4: Galathea (Palaeomunida) defecta (Lorenthey, 1). There has been limited quarrying in Kecske-
Daira and Martinovics-hegy (text-fig. 1) 1901), Cyamocarcinus angustifrons Bittner, 1883, hegy (text-fig. 1) work has krenneri the 40 but now eocaenica (Lorenthey, 1897), Phlyctenodes during past years, entirely Fieldwork carried with Lorenthey, 1897, Phlyctenodes steinmanni Lorenthey, ceased in the area. was out
of which faci- 1901, Titanocarcinus kochii Lorenthey, 1897 Laevicar- the aid head-bandmagnifying glasses down 2 3 cinus egerensis Lorenthey, 1929, Neptocarcinus millenaris litated the recognition of specimens to or
in size. Methods for the Lorenthey, 1897, Neptocarcinus spinosus Lorenthey, mm extracting specimens described in Miiller 1897 r= Corallicarcinus spinosus (Lorenthey, 1897)], were (1984a, p. 35).
Galenopsis similis Bittner, 1875, Galenopsis quadrilo- SYSTEMATICS batus Lorenthey, 1897 [—JLobogalenopsis quadrilobata material consists of detached and (Lorenthey)], Daranyia granulata Lorenthey, 1901. Our carapaces
-Facies 5: Callianassa pseudofraasi Lorenthey, 1929, chelae. Carapace morphology, for the moment, for Eocene in Callianassa glabra Lorenthey, 1929, Callianassa spinosa seems insufficient arranging species
Lorenthey, 1897 (=jsubspinosa Glaessner, 1929), modern families as currently widely recognised. Xanthidae Rhachiosoma Ctenocheles is the old family sp. [= sp.], Noetlingia claudiopo- Especially significant into smaller families. litana (Bittner, 1893), Dromilites pentagonalis (Loren- which is now split numerous this Glaessner's they, 1929) [=,Pseudodromilites sp.|, Laeviranina simpli- For reason we adopt (1969) system,
here of Xanthidae from cissima (Bittner, 1883), Laeviranina budapestiniensis although even a separation
sometimes (Lorenthey, 1897), Lophoranina bittneri (Lorenthey, Goneplacidae for Eocene species seems
for several 1901), Lophoranina reussi (Woodward, 1866), Lophora- problematical genera, e.g. Titanocarcinus,
for the introduced Corallicarcinus. nina marestiana avesana (Bittner, 1883), Notopus beyrichi or newly material survives and is Bittner, 1875, Ranilia vareolata (Lorenthey, 1929) Almost all of Lorenthey's
Loren- in the Allami Foldtani Intezet [=•Notopella vareolata], ‘Typilopus’ semseyanus kept Magyar (MAFI),
XIV 14. That of they, 1929, Calappilia dacica (Bittner, 1893), Micro- Budapest, Nepstadion ut part our and numbers maia tuberculata Bittner, 1875, Periacanthus horridus material, indicated by letters (e.g. 50
- - of: - Homarinae ? b - Dardanus curtimanus c d Diogenes longimanus Fig. 2. Diagrammatic views a sp., sp. nov., Pagurus latidactylus sp. nov.,
- h - Galathea - f - Galathea sp. nov., e Paguristes oligotuberculatus sp. nov., Anapagurus sp., g (Palaeomunida) defecta (Lőrenthey),
- et i - Protomunida - denticulata et k (Acanthogalathea) parva subgen. sp. nov., pentacantha sp. nov., j Longoporcellana gen. sp. nov.,
- Petrolisthes ? striatissimus - Porcellanidae Porcellanidae B. Polyonyx arcuatus sp. nov., l - sp. nov., m sp. A, n sp. 51
— where the letters indicate the extant of the These names EF-13.2 locality, genera family Paguridae.
reflect either homoeo- the numbers the species' serial number, while the may remote relationships or
is in both number of individuals comes after the point) kept morphies, cases they should be regarded as
of it is collective in the collection P.M.; now deposited in the taxa.
Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum, Fold-es oslenytar,
VIII Muzeum krt. 14-16, H-1088 and the Budapest, Genus Dardanus Paulson, 1875 numbers in brackets registration are given square
(e.g. M.91-97). Type species — Dardanus hellerii Paulson, 1875, by and for all The type locality type stratum new monotypy. Range: Eocene-Recent. species is: Budapest, Late Eocene, Priabonian.
More precise definition of the localities is given in the code numbers of the holotypes (see text-fig. 1). Dardanus curtimanus sp. nov.
PI. 1, figs 4-6; text-fig. 2b
Infraorder Astacidea Latreille, 1803
1975 — 520. ‘Pagurus’ sp. Miiller, pp. 516, Family Ncphropsidae Dana, 1852
Subfamily Homarinae Huxley, 1879 — the short Derivation of name Alluding to manus.
— left EK-6.1 Material Holotype, a propodus, Homarinae ? indet. gen. et sp. [M.91-99]; paratype, a right propodus EF-5.1 PI. 1, Figs 1, 3; text-fig. 2a [M.91-98].
— Material of of two cara- — The is Fragments posterior parts Description short, propodus quite convex,
the external mould of an anterior and an paces; part thick and in lateral view it converges distally. The almost of the complete right propodus cheliped length of the manus is about six sevenths of the The well (EF-33.1-4 [M.91-97]). fragments may maximum height and it is elliptical in cross-section.
several but in size fixed is with the represent species, similarity sug- The finger stout, wide, cutting
their gests common identity. surface depressed. The surface ornament of the
— A cervical in Description deep groove, V-shaped chela is better preserved on the paratype and con- dorsal the third of the view, crosses upper one cara- sists of vertically elongated tubercles which tend to
Other furrows absent The be in which rather wider pace. are or rudimentary. arranged vertical rows are dorsal is A margin arched, slightly V-shaped. long proximally, narrowing distally; there are about ten
is visible the the rostrum on fragment representing on the lower edge of the manus. There were proba- anterior of the the rostral another four five the fixed but part carapace, margin bly or rows on finger,
be entire its is these obscured On the appears to although preservation are by poor preservation.
the it continues onto as a four moderate; carapace ridge upper margin of the manus are three or large bearing at least two small teeth. The chela is elonga- blunt tubercles, partly broken down and visible only
the and ted, manus quite stout, widening distally as prints on the external mould.
of tubercles The — there are traces distally. opposing Discussion The species shows remote similarities of the is with fine margin dactylus sharp numerous to the extant Dardanus callidus (Risso, 1827) being teeth, of which the proximal ones are the largest, similarly covered with tubercles, although the the forms a hook-like, of the is different and the tip upturned prolongation. arrangement tubercles Discussion The fragments most probably belong manus is stouter and shorter in the Eocene form. to macruran their The three Miocene in a new reptant form; fragmentary species, described part by doubts their preservation, however, casts on specific Lorenthey & Beurlen (1929) and assigned to this
and formal taxonomic Eocene identity preclude genus by Miiller (1984a) differ from the one classification. in of the surface of their having striae on much
chelae.
Infraorder Anomura H. Milne Edwards,
1832 Genus Pagurus Fabricius, 1775 Superfamily Paguroidea Latreille, 1802
Family Paguridae Latreille, 1802
Type species — Cancer bernhardus Linne, 1758, by sub-
Remarks — often of Latreille Using some, superficial, morpholo- sequent designation (1810). Range: gical similarities we have placed five species into five Early Cretaceous-Recent. 52
Genus Pagurus latidactylus sp. nov. Diogenes Dana, 1853
PI. 1, Figs 7-9; text-fig. 2c
— Type species — Pagurus miles Fabricius, 1787, by sub- Derivation of name With reference to the width of designation of Stimpson (1859). Range: the fixed finger. sequent Miocene-Recent. Material — Holotype, a right propodus of a cheliped
left and (EF-6.1 [M.91-100]); paratypes, right pro-
podi (EF-6.2-9 [M.91-100]) and several fragments Diogenes longimanus sp. nov. (EF-6.10-17 [M.91-100]). PI. 1, Figs 10, 11; text-fig. 2d — The known Description only parts are propodi of
both if it Derivation chelipeds. Heterochely, existed, was pro- of name — Alluding to the elongated
the bably moderate as left and right chelae are of propodus.
Material— left of the same size-range. The manus is almost rectangular Holotype, a propodus cheliped with the and lower the and left upper margins subparallel; (EGA-4.1 [M.91-101]) paratype, a pro- transverse section is subelliptical, deformed by flat podus (EGA-4.2 [M.91-101]).
the sides. The is — The is zones on upper upper margin Description manus flattened, slightly longer
the lower somewhat blunter. The fixed than its and lower sharp, one high, upper margins are subpa- finger is extremely wide (PI. 1, Fig. 9) and triangular rallel and keeled, the lower margin is decorated with in view with of saw-like of its the upper a row rudimentary spines on a row spines. Although lacking tip, the outer margin. Its tip is bent upwards. The sur- fixed finger is long, its estimated length being almost face of the chelae is ornamented with much densely pac- as as that of the manus. The manus is mode- ked flattened tubercles. One in cross-section and the is granules or specimen rately convex outer side
PI. internal differs in than the inner the lower (EF-6.3, 1, Fig. 7) of an mould, more convex side, one
fixed third of which almost having a narrow, pointed finger; this may be being flat, or even slightly due sexual the to dimorphism, or specimen may concave in one specimen. The outer side is granula-
another base and belong to species. ted around the of the fixed finger near the
Discussion — This is unlike other lower On the inner side the is species quite any margin. granulation fossil pagurids in which the fixed finger is known by confined to a narrow strip along the lower edge the flatness of that part. In the shape of the manus, which bears a row of fine spines.
marceti of Via is the Discussion — of Pagurus (1959) probably most The manus this species is similar to similar fossil form the The tuber- that of matrensis 1984 and to Hungarian one. Diogenes Mtiller, Diogenes
in extrictatus but the fixed is culation P. marceti is much coarser and, unfortu- Stebbing, 1910, finger
much in the nately, Via's material consists only of specimens longer present species. with broken fingers, thus precluding comparison in the most marked character. Genus Anapagurus Henderson, 1886
PLATE 1
3 Homarinae ? 1 - lateral view of EF-33.1 3 - surface EF-33.4 Figs 1, sp., carapace, [M.91-97], x 7; outer of propodus, [M.91-97], x
6.
2 surface of left EF-8.1 10. Fig. Paguristes oligotuberculatus sp. nov., outer propodus, [M.91-104], x
4-6 Dardanus curtimanus 4 - inner surface of left EK-6.1 5 - lower surface of Figs sp. nov., propodus, holotype, [M.91-99], x 3;
- surface of propodus, EK-6.1 [M.91-99], x 3; 6 outer propodus, paratype, EF-5.1 [M.91-98], x 4.
7 cf. surface of internal mould of EF-6.3 5.6. Fig. Pagurus latidactylus sp. nov., outer right propodus, [M.91-100], x
9 8 - of the fixed EF-6.2 9 - surface of internal Figs 8, Pagurus latidactylus sp. nov., opposing margin finger, [M.91-100], x 5.6; outer
mould of right propodus, holotype, EF-6.1 [M.91-100], x 5.
10, 11 10 - surface of left 11 - inner surface of left Figs Diogenes longimanus sp. nov., outer propodus, EGA-4.2 [M.91-101], x 4;
propodus, holotype, EGA-4.1 [M.91-101], x 4.
Figs 12, 13 Galathea (Palaeomunida) defecta (Lőrenthey), 12 - inner surface of left propodus, EE-1.10 [M.91-114], x c. 3.5; 13 - outer
surface of left EE-1.10 3.5. propodus, [M.91-114], x c.
14 inner surface of left EF-7.1 10.8. Fig. Anapagurus sp., propodus, [M.91-102], x
16 Protomunida - of x 15 EK-3.10 16 - dorsal view Figs 15, pentacantha sp. nov., outer surface right propodus, paratype [M.91-115], 4.2;
of holotype, EBM-1.1 [M.91-116], x 4.2. 53\1
PLATE 1 54
— laevis subse- Type species Pagurus Bell, 1845, by Paguristes oligotuberculatus sp. nov.
Holthuis Mio- PI. 2e quent designation of (1962). Range: 1, Fig. 2; text-fig.
cene-Recent.
Derivation — the low number of of name Alluding to
tubercles on the manus.
— left of the Anapagurus sp. Material A propodus cheliped (EF-8.1
PI. 1, Fig. 14; text-fig. 2f [M.91-104]).
Description — The small cheliped is elongate with the
Material — Left propodi of the cheliped (EF-7.1 lower and short upper margins curved. Four strong EBA-7.1 [M.91-102], [M.91-103]). tubercles line the is the upper margin and there
—The is withthe manus Description propodus elongate basal of tubercle beneath the second scar a one; in highest in its distal part and moderately convex another lineof tubercles is situated on the outer side cross-section. It is almost straight longitudinally and of the manus below the midline. The fixed finger is from faint the smooth apart a ridge running along wide, probably spoon-shaped, but its cutting surface lower towards the ofthe fixed which margin tip finger, is obscured. is obscured matrix. by — Discussion This species shows some similarities to Remarks —Theoutlineofthepropodi strongly suggests the Badenian (Middle Miocene) Paguristes cserhatensis that The tubercles situated they belong to a pagurid. Miiller, 1984 and to some extant forms such as the ofthe the Miocene on proximal manus on spe- is in part Paguristes rosaceus Barnard, 1947, but longer cies, Anapagurus miocenicusMuller, 1979and Anapagurus relation to width and the number of rows of tuber-
Miiller, 1979, are in the marginatus wanting present cles is reduced. specimens, although the ridge along the lower edge is similar A. A to that on marginatus. characteristic of the indet. Paguridae sp. genus is a marked heterochely with the right cheliped
the and the remarked Material — of invariably larger previously Fragments carapaces (EF-34.1-4
Miocene follow this trait. The species present speci- [M.91-105]).
from the left-handside and — The thick shield-like mens, however, are —pre- Description elongate, frag- senting only the outer side — do not allow sufficient ments probably represent median anterior parts of
surface comparison; thereforewe prefer not to give them spe- carapaces of uncertain affinities. Their outer
for the time the inner cific status being. is smooth, while one shows a complicated
of and short striae which system grooves may partly
Genus Paguristes Dana, 1853 represent muscle insertions. A U-shaped groove
which divides the 'shield' into two subequal parts
— the cervical behind it Type species Paguristes hirtus Dana, 1853, by subse- may correspond to furrow; are
of Cre- the inner side. quent designation Stimpson (1859). Range: two obliquely placed grooves on taceous-Recent. Remarks — The specimens show some remote simi-
PLATE 2
Galathea - inner surface ofleft EK-2.1 3.6; 2 - dorsal view of Figs 1, 2 (Palaeomunida) defecta (Lőrenthey), 1 propodus, [M.91-122], x
from external mould of EE-1.1 3. carapace, latex [M.91-114], x
3 Galathea dorsal view of EF-3.1 11. Fig. (Acanthogalathea) parva subgen. et sp. nov., carapace, holotype, [M.91-106], x
4, 5 denticulata 4 - dorsal view of latex from external mould of EF-1.1 Figs Longoporcellana gen. et sp. nov., carapace, holotype,
[M.91-120], x 8; 5 - anterior dorsal view showing denticulated frontal margin, EF-1.1 [M.91-120], x 8.
7 6 - dorsal view of EK-2.1 7 - view of Figs 6, Polyonyx arcuatus sp. nov., carapace, holotype [M.91-122], x 8.7; frontal carapace,
EK-2.1 [M.91-122].
8 Petrolisthes ? striatissimus dorsal view of EGA-5.1 10.9. Fig. sp. nov., carapace, holotype, [M.91-123], x
9-11 Ovocarcinus 9 - lateral view of 10 - dorsal view of Figs elongatus gen. et sp. nov., carapace, holotype, EF-35.1 [M.91-126], x 10;
carapace, EF-35.1 [M.91-126], x 10; 11 - lateral view of carapace, EF-35. 1 [M.91-126],x 10.
12 dorsal view of 7.8. Fig. Porcellanidae sp. B, carapace, EGF-3.1 [M.91-125], x
16 13 - frontal view of x 16 - dorsal view of Figs 13, Dromilites fossata sp. nov., carapace, holotype, EGF-5.1 [M.91-131], 7.5; carapace,
EGF-5.1 6.4. [M.91-131], x
14 Porcellanidae dorsal view of latex from external mould of EK-5.1 17. Fig. sp. A, carapace, [M.91-124], x c.
Fig. 15 Gemmellarocarcinus loerentheyi Checchia-Rispoli, dorsal view of carapace, EK-9.1 [M.91-141], x 2.4. 55\2
PLATE 2 56
larities but it is difficult find — - Palaeomunida to pagurid carapaces, to Type species defecta Lorenthey, 1901,
the structures. Extant Middle-Late Eocene. analogous pagurid carapaces by monotypy. Range:
much shorter and wider. — are generally Remarks Separation of Palaeomunida from Galathea
on generic level seems not to be well established.
The form and striation of the well Superfamily Galatheoidea Samouelle, 1819 carapace, as as
that of the chelae for also Family Galatheidae Samouelle, 1819 are typical Galathea, the
of the of Genus Galathea Fabricius, 1793 shape rostrum Palaeomunida, regarded as
for the is similar Subgenus Acanthogalathea subgen. nov. diagnostic genus (Glaessner, 1969)
fossil and to some extant species of Galathea. The
median the Galathea ridge on rostrum, consisting of granules, Type species— (Acanthogalathea) parva sp. nov.
— is and in the Galathea-like striation to some extent present in G. strigosa Diagnosis carapace, typical related G. for vanstraeleni. The size and form of the Galathea, strong spines on branchial, cardiac,
lateral spines and the rostrum does not differ sub- mesogastric and protogastric regions respectively. stantially in the above mentioned three species.
Contrarily, however, in the extant species there is a Galathea (Acanthogalathea) parva sp. nov. marked variation in the form of the rostrum from PI. 2, Fig. 3; text-fig. 2h the entire Gala- spinose G. strigosa type to the almost Derivation From the small. name Latin, 1851 this of thea intermedia Lilljeborg, type. Despite As for Diagnosis genus. close similarity, it is considered prudent to retain
Material Holotype, a carapace (EF-3.1 Palaeomunida.
[M.9I-106]).
The Description carapace is quadrate, without the
it is about wide. The Galathea defecta rostrum as long as dorsal (Palaeomunida)
surface is strongly sculptured. The cervical furrow is (Lorenthey, 1901)
also PI. PL deep and a postcervical one is developed 1, Figs 12, 13; 2, Figs 1, 2; text-fig. 2g
Meta- and lobes well laterally. mesogastric are 1901a Palaeomunida defecta Lorenthey, fig. delimited. There three p. 807, pi. 1, are strong spines on the
1969 Palaeomunida — 405 defecta Lorenthey Via, p. (with the epibranchial lobe, one on mesobranchial lobe synonymy). and the cardiac These — two on region. spines are 1975 Galathea 520. sp. Miiller, pp. 516,
broken, but their length can well be estimated to have been 0.2-0.5 mm. On the lobe mesogastric — Material The holotype is deposited in Magyar there is also a spine which was probably the longest. Allami Foldtani Intezet. Eight carapaces, 1 pro- The the and spines on protogastric hepatic regions podus (EF-4.1-9 [M.91-107]); 21 carapaces, 7 pro- smaller. in are The dorsal ridges are arranged a podi, 3 sternal plates (EK-4.1-31 [M.91-108]); 3
Galathea-like the hinder ones are manner, longer, 24 5 carapaces (EGA-3.1-3 [M.91-112]); carapaces, those situated on the anterior parts are curved and, propodi, 1 sternal plate (EGF-2.1-30 [M.91-113]); 2 of the dorsal except posteriorly, most ridges are 1 7 carapaces, propodus (EBM-2.1-3 [M.91-110]); into at the lateral produced strong spines margins. 1 carapaces, propodus (EBV-1.1-8 [M.91-111]); 1 The in cross-section, is rostrum, slightly V-shaped 9 6 propodus (EK-2.1 [M.91-122]); carapaces, pro- and slender and has two near its base; on long spines 3 podi (EE-1.1-15 [M.91-114]); carapaces J.S.H. the half of the median line is a proximal ridge Collins Collection. composed of tubercles. The rostral tip is obscured, Remarks — detailed Lorenthey gave a description (in its full be estimated about half so length can only as & Our Lorenthey Beurlen, 1929). figures provide a the carapace length. more detailed view of the rostrum on which there Discussion Although the form and striation of the are a pair of basal (intraorbital) spines, two pairs of is for Galathea — Gala- carapace typical species e.g. lateral and a It that spines spinose tip. appears thea and Galathea vanstraeleni strigosa (Linne, 1761) his with- Lorenthey added an extra spine to figure 1950 the dorsal and Bachmayer, strong spines out justification. The species has also been reported rostrum with narrow subbasal spines argue for sep- from Sicily (di Salvo, 1933). aration at subgeneric level.
Subgenus Palaeomunida Lorenthey, 1901 Genus Protomunida Beurlen, 1930 57
— of the rostral Type species Galathea munidoides Segerberg, 1900, Baba, 1972; the arrangement spines,
the of flat surface at the base of the by original designation. Range: Palaeocene-Late presence a
well Eocene. rostrum, the spinose postfrontal ridge as as
lobe relates tubercles on the epibranchial the two
On Baba's (1972) species the postfrontal Protomunida species. pentacantha sp. nov. ridge is almost straight, but widely A-shaped in P. PI. 1, Figs 15, 16; text-fig. 2i pentacantha.
— Derivation ofname Alluding to the five rostral spines.
1825 — Porcellanidae Haworth, Diagnosis A Protomunida with a flat rostral base and Family five rostral spines.
— Remarks — Without doubt, it is because of the small Material Holotype, a carapace (EBM-1.1 size that 1 12 ?1 of most porcellanid species their fossil [M.91-116]); paratypes, carapace, propodi,
six record is from some recently sternal plate (EK-3.1 -28 [M.91 -115]); 4carapaces, extremely poor. Apart
4 Miocene species (Georgiades-Dikeoulia propodi, 1 sternal plate (EGA-2.1-11 [M.91-118]); recognised Cre- 5 & Miiller, 1984; Miiller, 1984a, b) only one carapaces (EGF-1.1-4 [M.91-119]); carapaces
taceous Porcellana antiqua Milne Edwards, (EBM-1.2-5 [M.91-116]); 3 carapaces, 5 propodi species,
1882 and some doubtful based on limb frag- (EBV-2.1-8 [M.91-117]). species have been described. — without is about ments 1945) Description The carapace rostrum (Rathbun,
fourth than the anterior of one longer wide. Only part
Genus Longoporcellana nov the mesogastric lobe is delimited. The cervical furrow gen. is conspicuous, while other furrows are obscured by
— denticulata striation which is there 7-10 Type species Longoporcellana sp. nov. strong quite even; are
Derivation name — With reference to the striae behind the cervical furrow and 7 or 8 before it. of carapace
outline, which is unusual for the family, and the Onthe epibranchial lobethe striae are replaced by 6or
is of 6 established generic name Porcellana. 7 tubercles. Across the postfrontal part a row — An elongated, flat broadest in spiniform tubercles. The base of the rostrum is flat, Diagnosis carapace,
its hinder with a wide, short wide and decorated with small scale-like tubercles; it part, triangular
ofwhich rostrum. gives rise to five rostral spines the median one
from its wider than is separated neighbours by a space
while the in close itself, outer ones are situated pairs. Longoporcellana denticulata sp. nov. Noneofthese is in its length, spines preserved original PL 2, Figs 4, 5; text-Fig. 2j reached third ofthe but the median one probably one
without Derivation — After the denticulated rostrum. carapace length rostrum. of name — Small chelae in localities where As for are found most Diagnosis genus.
of Protomunida abundant. These Material — a the carapaces are Holotype, carapace (EF-1.1
for and the and are typical galatheids their size matches [M.91-120]), paratypes (PEF-1.2 [M.91-120],
of Protomunida without EBK-2.1 carapaces ; doubt, they belong [M.91-121]).
is about twice — The is ovoid in to the present species. The manus as Description carapace or pyriform
the and lower each bear about one third than broad, flat long as high, upper margins outline, longer
4 5 There is 4 5 tubercles at and about the bran- or spines. a row of or anteriorly moderately convex
which is chial A cervical furrow is situ- about the lower third of the outer surface parts. rudimentary
The covered with faint scale-like tubercles which tend to ated slightly behind mid-carapace length.
elevated above the fuse into inconspicuous ridges. The sternal plate is orbital margins are slightly sur-
allow face of the in sublateral The insufficiently preserved to adequate carapace a position.
description. wide, triangular rostrum is ornamented with 8 or 9
— is lateral Discussion The peculiar Munida-like rostrum with denticles on each side, its tip obscured;
allies Protomunida teeth but the the Galathea-like carapace closely or spines are probably absent, margins
Proto- covered with matrix. There fine pentacantha to the Early Palaeocene (Danian) are partly are faint,
between the orbits munida primaeva (Segerberg, 1900), in which there transverse striae on the rostrum,
three rostral but the is and towards the are only spines, sculpture posterolateral margin.
Protomunida — The of the orbitofrontal much the same in the two species. penta- Discussion position mar-
be closest and the entire cantha seems to to Sadayoshia acroporae gin carapace strongly suggests 58 59
obesulus of Miers lacks all but porcellanid affinity although most porcellanids are Polyonyx [1884] (which
of the branchial the marked of much less elongated. The species and thus the genus one ridges) grade front is for is superficially similar to extant American Minyocerus deflectionof the uncommon extant Poly-
other of the of the or extant Although spp., but the shape rostrum, position onyx spp., any porcellanids.
the ofthe cervical furrow resembles that orbital margins and general outlineof the carapace shape slightly
the absence of different. One dif- of some a ante- are markedly specimen (EF-1.2) dynomenids, sharp
and rolateral and differentorbitofron- fers in being wider having a pair of postfrontal margin completely of it related tal eschews the a dynomenid or ridges; may possibly represent another, margin possibility Thefaint the branchial species. brachyuran affinity. ridges on regions, although of inferior taxonomic value, also
Genus Polyonyx Stimpson, 1859 suggest aporcellanid relationship.
Genus Petrolisthes 1859 — Stimpson, Type species Porcellana macrocheles Stimpson, 1859
(=igibbesi nom. nov. Haig, 1956) by original designa-
— Porcellana violacea Guerin-Meneville in tion. See for of Type species Haig (1956, pp. 28, 29) explanation PLate 1831, by monotypy. Range: homonymy. Range: Late Eocene-Recent. Duperry, Eocene-Recent.
Polyonyx arcuatus sp. nov. Petrolisthes ? striatissimus nov. PI. 2, Figs 6, 7; text-fig. 2k sp. PL 2, Fig. 8; text-fig. 21
the almost Derivation of name — Alluding to inflated,
Derivation — With reference to the of name uncom- form of the globular carapace. striated monly carapace. — with Diagnosis Carapace wider than long a wide, Diagnosis — Carapace almost flat and strongly deflected rostrum and inflated branchial regions. striated.
— Material Holotype, a carapace (EK-2.1 — Material Holotype, a carapace (EGA-5.1 [M.91-122]).
— of the is about [M.91-123]). Description The width carapace — The with Description carapace subquadrate four fifths of the length; it is strongly arched longi-
rounded almost as as wide without the less in median angles, long tudinally, laterally convex its part, the basal is rostrum, of which only part preserved. but strongly inflated about the branchial regions. In The dorsal surface is flat near the lateral is and the except dorsal view the carapace nearly elliptical The lateral where it is somewhat convex. it is margins wide, strongly deflected rostrum is prominent;
they were smooth with margins converge slightly anteriorly; rounded-triangular in outline, an neither denticulated. The which faint probably spinose nor pos- undulating margin along runs a ridge. terior is The cervical fur- margin slightly concave. The orbital sinus is shallow. The V-shaped cervical is of shallower furrows delimit the row deep; a pair furrow is only visible in tangential illumination. On anterior of the lobe from the proto- 7 part mesogastric the lateral margins of the branchial regions are or lobe. Other furrows obscured the gastric are by 8 step-like ridges reaching to about one sixth of the striation. the left orbital sinus is their inner ends and conspicuous Only carapace width, transverse at it is and delimited a The of the preserved; deep laterally by directed forwards laterally. rest carapace protruding spine. The transverse ridges are surface is smooth. sharp the situated strong, most conspicuous being on — and with very Discussion The carapace agrees by large Those and the branchial regions. on the meso- of Recent members of the and in that genus, having
metabranchial lobes are while those on branchial it is subparallel a rounded outline to the regions
the are more While its outline is close epibranchial complicated. similar to Pachycheles spp. to
— of the is Discussion The nature carapace typical
but it bears - for extant a Fig. 3. Diagrammatic views of: a Ovocarcinus elongatus gen. et many porcellanids, system
b - Dromilites c - Dromilites the and sp. nov., fossata sp. nov., of ridges uncommonly strong for family
d - et subglobosa nov., Nanomaja simplex gen. sp. nov., e that of Galathea This sp. more comparable to species.
f - Mesolambrus declinatus -Kromtitis pentagonalis nov., sp. differentiates it from other known fossil feature rep-
- - h gen. et sp. nov., g Cymonomus primitivus sp. nov., resentatives of the family. The carapace outline of Ethusa i - - evae sp. nov., Ovamene franciae gen. et sp. nov., j P. ? striatissimus is similar to that of the Miocene nov. Gemmacarcinusfossatus gen. et sp. 60
Pisidia kokayi (Midler, 1974), but, again, the striation Family incertae sedis
them. Genus Ovocarcinus readily distinguishes gen. nov.
Derivation — the of name Alluding to egg-shaped Porcellanidae sp. A
PI. 2, Fig. 14; text-fig. 2m carapace.
— Ovocarcinus Type species elongatus sp. nov.
— Material Two — A carapaces (EK-5.1-2 [M.91-124]). Diagnosis transversely very convex egg-shaped
— The small is almost circular with deflected semicircular Description carapace carapace a strongly in with flat Two and small orbital sinus. outline a prominent wide, rostrum. front a wide postfrontal ridges are separated by a wide longitudinal furrow. The cervical furrow is only Ovocarcinus elongatus sp. nov. the lateral The orbital visible near margins. margins PI. 2, Figs 9-11; text-fig. 3a are obliquely placed. A faint striation is visible on
branchial the of the regions. — With reference the marginal part Derivation ofname to elongated
— Because of the of the Discussion poor state preser- carapace. vation it unwise formal taxonomic seems to give a — As for Diagnosis genus.
to the one of which is a small status specimens, very Material — Holotype, a carapace (EF-35.1 external mould and the other is but fragmentary. It [M.91-126]). can be stated, however, that the is unlike species any — the anterior of the Description Only part carapace, described fossil but resembles the form, more closely possibly three fourths of the whole, is preserved. It is extant Atlantic and Mediterranean Porcellana platy- elongate egg-shaped in outline, almost semicircular cheles (Pennant, 1777). in transverse section. The surface is smooth with
undulations. the slight On postfrontal part are two
shallow either side of the Porcellanidae B wide, depressions on sp. midline. The cervical furrow is broadly V-shaped PI. 2, Fig. 12; text-fig. 2n where it crosses the midline near the middle (as
of the behind the furrow is Material A decorticated carapace lacking frontal preserved) carapace; a
wide which parts (EGF-3.1 [M.91-125]). conspicuous depression may represent
— The is with the furrow. Behind that is Description carapace subquadrate postcervical a short, almost lateral Remains median furrow. The orbitofrontal is straight margins. of five or margin narrow
and orbital sinus the six marginal spines terminate five or six of the striae the semicircular; rostrum-like
The frontal feature is subvertical with faintly visible on the branchial region. cervical very narrow,
There is furrow is deep and V-shaped. entire margins, slightly convergent distally.
Discussion — As in the of Porcellanidae another behind the orbital the case sp. A, embayment sinus, the is unlike known fossil but its two a 3. The are carapace any form, forming figure regions poorly incomplete preservation precludes formal defined.
Discussion — The is unusual in its classification. carapace highly
PLATE 3
- of 1-3 Dromilites 1 - dorsal view of EF-9.1 2 frontal view Figs subglobosa sp. nov., carapace, holotype, [M.91-127], x 3.5; carapace,
- of EF-9.1 3.4. EF-9.1 [M.91-127], x 3.5, 3 left lateral view carapace, [M.91-127], x c.
Kromtitis 4 - frontal view of EBA-4.1 5 - inner view of external Figs 4, 5, 8 pentagonalis sp. nov., carapace, holotype, [M.91-133], x 4;
mould fine surface EGA-6.1 8 - dorsal view of EBA-4.1 showing granulation, paratype [M.91-134], x 7.2; carapace,
[M.91-133], x 4.5.
dorsal view of EK-10.1 8. Fig. 6 Cymonomus primitivus sp. nov., carapace, holotype, [M.91-135], x
7 Ovamene dorsal view of EF-12.1 6.3. Fig. franciae gen. et sp. nov., carapace, holotype, [M.91-143], x
9 - dorsal view of EF-11.6 10 - frontal view of Figs 9, 10 Cyamocarcinus angustifrons Bittner, carapace, [M.91-136], x 1; carapace,
EF-11.1 [M.91-136], x 1.6.
Mesolambrus declinatus 11 - dorsal view of internal mould EGA-9.1 Figs 11, 12 gen. et sp. nov., carapace, holotype, [M.91-151], x 2.4;
- frontal view of internal mould of EGA-9.1 2.4. 12 carapace, [M.91-151], x
13 Gemmacarcinus dorsal view of EBA-8.1 8.4. Fig. fossatus gen. et sp. nov., carapace, holotype, [M.91-145], x
14-17 ? Mesolambrus declinatus 14, 15 - inner and surfaces of EK-11.1, x 4; 16, 17 - inner and Figs gen. et sp. nov., outer propodus,
outer surfaces of propodus, EK-11.2, x 4. 61\3
PLATE 3 62
form. It resemble weakens it outwards shallow notch may superficially some Hippidae as curves to a at
and, to some extent, some Dromiidae {e.g. Noetlingia the lateral margin. Thin branchiocardiac furrows
is Beurlen, 1928). The orbitofrontal margin quite running to the margin from the cardiac region are
unlike that of also the lateral limits of the accentuated a dromiid, by a posterior depression in the epi-
to lineae anomuricae branchial lobes which also carapace seem correspond to produces a peninsular
rather than the lateral of dromiid. effect lobes. A to margins a to small, triangular mesogastric
Consequently, we prefer to place the species in a tumid portion of the protogastric lobe rises just
of 'anomuran' new genus uncertain, possibly behind small round epigastric lobes set close to the
and encloses the of the affinities. midline tip anterior meso-
the lobe itself is defined and gastric process; poorly
Infraorder 1803 Brachyura Latreille, divided posteriorly by a median furrow. The almost
Section Dromiacea de 1833 Haan, heart-shaped cardiac region has three tubercles set
Dromioidea de Haan, 1833 in inverted Superfamily an triangle and there is a distinct pit
Dromiidae de Haan, 1833 between the anterior which intrude the Family pair upon
Genus Dromilites H. Milne Edwards, 1837 base of the lobe it the urogastric giving appearance
of two triangles; the sides of the lobe are entrenched
— Dromia bucklandii H. Milne the Type species Edwards, by epimeral muscle scars.
1837, Eocene-Miocene. — by monotypy. Range: Early Discussion The absence of lateral spines imme-
diately distinguishes Dromilites corvini (Bittner, 1893)
from which has rather more in common Dromilites fossata D. fossata, sp. nov. with Dromilites pastoris Via, 1965 from the Middle PI. 2, Figs 13, 16; text-fig. 3b Lutetianof Spain. A second Spanish species, Drom-
— Derivation of name Alluding to the deep cervical ilites vicensis Cortinas, 1973, from the Biarritzian
and is lobate and lacks branchiocardiac furrows. (Middle Eocene) more the car-
Diagnosis — Carapace subpentagonal in outline with diac tubercles. Dromilites americana Rathbun, 1935,
lateral small cardiac the has granular spines; a region from the Palaeocene of U.S.A., a prominent
intrudes base of the lobe. branchiocardiac furrow and weaker upon urogastric a relatively cer- — Material vical while Dromilites & Col- Holotype, a carapace (EGF-5.1 furrow, simplex Quayle
and 1981 from the and Middle Auversian [M.91-131]) paratype, a carapace (EK-13.1 lins, Ypresian
[M.91-130]). of England has thin, somewhat flared anterolateral
— The is from cardiac Description carapace subpentagonal in out- margins and, apart a large region,
about about line, as long as wide, widest midlength. poorly defined regions.
Viewed from the side the mid-gastric region forms
the is highest part, there a shallow urogastric Dromilites subglobosa sp. nov. depression and the downward curve of the front is PI. 3, Figs 1-3; text-fig. 3c steeper than that to the posterior margin. It is rather
arched in The Derivation — With reference the boldly transverse section. ante- of name to longitudi-
rolateral thin four margins are with, possibly, spines nal section.
of which the first, just behind the orbit, and the Material — Holotype, a carapace (EF-9.1
fourth the The lateral and are longest. subparallel mar- [M.91-127]) paratypes (EF-9.2-10 [M.91-127],
rather than EK-7.1-4 gins are granulate spinose. Short, post- [M.91-128], EBM-3.1 [M.91-129]).
erolateral lead of — almost circular in outline margins by way sharp posterior Diagnosis Carapace
with weak angles to a narrow, slightly convex posterior margin a posterior constriction coincident with
bounded by a shallow groove. The (partly obscured) dorsal troughs; furrows weakly developed.
orbitofrontal about four fifths of — The is almost circular margin occupies Description carapace small,
the the in outline with the of constriction greatest carapace width; slightly produced trace a poste- front flattens a little from the general curvature and riorly. In transverse section it is strongly arched
its but excavations coincident with the margins are raised and continuous with the anteriorly, con-
orbital The orbits striction in oblique upper margins. are nar- outline begin close to the midline and
rowly ovate. The cervical furrow is distinct and rapidly deepen and broaden towards the margins;
directed little forward the broadly V-shaped medially; a longitudinally it curves steeply from just behind
front from the lateral angles of the mesogastric lobe it to about midlength and becomes flatter to the 63
round the base of the posterior margin. The front is deeply divided by a deeply embayed mesogastric
notch in lobe which is divided U-shaped leading back a median groove medially by a groove. Crossing
the midline little to which divides behind a pair of round tumid epigas- a posterior carapace midlength,
the of the the cervical furrow round the base tric lobes to embrace tip anterior meso- curves narrowly
raised orbital of the lobe before forward and gastric process. Thin, slightly upper mesogastric passing
of outward in round the and margins diverge from the midline at an angle two loops meso- epi-
in small A In individuals these lobes about 50° and terminates a spine. spine, branchial lobes. young are
takes all the anterolateral each divided into two nodes. The cardiac is elongated posteriorly, up region
the lateral attenuated and the basal margin and a short notch, representing posteriorly separates part
cervical it from simi- of divided metabranchial lobes. The part of the furrow, separates a deeply sculp- lar the there becomes with and the spine on lateral (epibranchial) margin; ture more pronounced age is obscure behind the entire dorsal surface is covered with numerous small an spine branchiocardiac
cervical furrow of less size be notch. The median part of the is a granules more or even as can seen on
in which of external mould faint, almost straight depression a pair an (PI. 3, Fig. 5). — about the distance Discussion The Miocene Kromtitis koberi is gastric pits are set apart same as species
surface in the and mesobranchial the frontal notch. Excavations on the dorsal more circular outline, epi-
in coincident with the constriction in outline begin lobes are more noticeably divided larger speci-
there rather than nodes close to the midline and rapidly deepen and mens and are five, two on broaden towards the margin. the cardiac region.
— Discussion The weakly developed cervical furrow and absence of branchiocardiac Bouvier, 1898 a furrow, together Family Cymonomidae Genus A. Milne Edwards, 1880 with the dorsal troughs at once distinguishes D. Cymonomus ICZN Opinion subglobosa from D. fossata. [Cymonomus 712,
1964, p. 337]
Genus 1984a Kromtitis Miiller, ( non Papp
— A. Milne et al., 1978--nomen nudum) Type species Cymonomus quadratus
Name 1618 Edwards, 1880, by monotypy. on Offi-
Type species — Dromilites koberi Bachmayer & Toll- cial List. Range: Late Eocene-Recent. mann, 1953, by original designation. Range:
Eocene-Miocene. Cymonomus primitivus sp. nov.
PI. 3, Fig. 6; text-fig. 3g
Kromtitis pentagonalis sp. nov. — form of the Derivation of name Indicating an early PI. 3, Figs 4, 5, 8; text-fig. 3e
genus.
Derivation From the — the of name — carapace outline. Diagnosis Carapace subquadrate, protogastric
Diagnosis — Carapace pentagonal in outline, the lobes reach the frontal margin at the outer orbital
defined and nodose. and there is the anterior regions are well angles a granule on angles. — Material — Material A decorticated Holotype, a carapace (EBA-4.1 carapace, holotype
and [M.91-133]) paratypes (EF-10.1-3 [M.91-132], (EK-10.1 [M.91-135]).
— EGA-6.1 [M.91-134], EBA-4.2-4 [M.91-133]). Description The carapace is subquadrate in out-
— The is in almost flat in and transverse sec- Description carapace pentagonal outline, line, longitudinal
lateral lead medially flattened with steep sides in transverse sec- tions. Parallel margins by narrowly
almost flat tion and longitudinally. The broad rounded posterior angles to a slightly concave poste- orbital forms about and rior bounded thin The margin an angle of 30° the margin by a ridge. ante- raised edges of the pointed, steeply downturned rolateral margins are abruptly rounded and have a
to orbital with small A of the outer orbital front lead directly the upper margins granule. vestige angle
behind. The ovate orbits indicates a orbitofrontal a fine groove narrowly are slightly protruding margin.
and the sides set close together. A median sulcus behind the front Anteriorly the edges are rounded are
anterior inclined under about the branchial sides divides at the tip of a short, triangular at 45°; are
which extends between little out. The furrow reaches mesogastric process midway a splayed protogastric
The outer orbital The narrow, elongate protogastric lobes. urogastric the front alongside the angle. lobe is depressed and has a pair of low granules. It is cervical furrow is interrupted at the midline by 64
extension of crescentic — an a narrow, slightly urogas- Type species Cyamocarcinus angustifrons Bittner,
tric it the basal Eocene. lobe, turns sharply up to pits at 1883, by monotypy. Range: Late
of the unites with the angles mesogastric lobe, pro-
togastric furrow then loops sharply back and out- Cyamocarcinus angustifrons Bittner, 1883 wards to the margin a little forward of mid-carapace PI. 3, Figs 9, 10 length. Branchiocardiac furrows run parallel to the 1883 Cyamocarcinus angustifrons Bittner, 310, pi. fig. 8. furrow. The p. 1, lateral parts of the cervical mesogastric — 1897 Bittner 155. Cyamocarcinus angustifrons Lorenthey, p. lobe is pentagonal and its short anterior process — 1969 Bittner 372. Cyamocarcinus angustifrons Via, p. does not reach the front. flank the penta- 1975 Bittner — 520. Deep pits Cyamocarcinus angustifrons Mtiller,pp. 516,
gonal cardiac region which has three granules in an
A — inverted triangle. depressed, elongate tubercle on New material Carapaces EGA-7.1 [M.91-140], the the furrow. hepatic region adjoins protogastric EF-11.1-9 [M.91-136], EK-8.1-3 [M.91-137],
Minute to be the granules are seen on remaining EBA-6.1-6 [M.91-138], EBK-4.1 [M.91-139], shell-surface. Remarks — Nothing further can be added to the
Discussion — The subquadrate carapace, narrow original description. orbitofrontal and of the margin disposition grooves
and lobes conform well with remarkably some Genus Gemmellarocarcinus Checchia-Rispoli, Recent members of the Where the furrows genus. 1905
much in C. the appear deeper primitivus (missing)
shell-thickness would in all have softe- — probability Type species Gemmellarocarcinus loerentheyi Checchia- ned their harshness in the apparent present speci- Rispoli, 1905, by monotypy. Range: Middle-Late The furrows subdued in men. protogastric are Cymo- Eocene.
but their nomus quadratus andamanicus Alcock, 1905,
be the orbital course can projected to outer angles, Gemmellarocarcinus loerentheyi the cervical furrow is similarly interrupted at the Checchia-Rispoli, 1905 midline. The most prominent marginal spine on the PI. 2, Fig. 15 Recent Cymonomus granulatus (Thompson, 1873) and
1905 Gemmellarocarcinus 316, the only spine on Cymonomus normani Lanchester, lőrentheyi Checchia-Rispoli, p. pi. 1, figs 1, 2. 1903 occurs at the angle of the anterolateral mar- 1969 Gemmellarocarcinus lőrentheyi Checchia-Rispoli - Via, p. gins similar to C. primitivus. Granules on preserved 379.
of the shell near the are parts posterior margin 1975 Gemmallarocarcinus loerentheyi Checchia-Rispoli — Miiller, similar to those C. and C. normani. 516. on granulatus pp. 510,
— Family Dynomenidae Ortmann, 1892 New material Carapaces EK-9.1-3 [M.91-141]
Genus Cyamocarcinus Bittner, 1883 and EGA-8.1 [M.91-142].
PLATE 4
2 - dorsal view of EF-13.1 2 - frontal view of EF-13.1 Figs 1, Ethusa evae sp. nov., 1 carapace, holotype, [M.91-144], x 9.2; carapace,
[M.91-144], x 9.2.
4 Daira eocaenica 3 - dorsal view of EF-16.2 x 4 - frontal view of EF-16.2 Figs 3, (Lőrenthey), carapace, [M.91-160], 5.7; carapace,
5.7. [M.91-160], x
6 5 - dorsal view of EBA-9.1 6 - frontal view of Figs 5, Nanomaja simplex gen. et sp. nov., carapace, holotype, [M.91-149], x 7.8;
EBA-9.1 7.8. carapace, [M.91-149], x
8 Micromaia batalleri 7 - dorsal view oflatex of EF-15.1 8 - frontal view of Figs 7, Via, carapace, [M.91-146], x 8.7; of latex carapace,
EF-15.1 [M.91-146], x 8.7.
9, 10 Actaeites lobatus 9 - dorsal view of EF-22.1 6; 10 - frontal view of Figs gen. et sp. nov., carapace, holotype, [M.91-153], x
EF-22.1 6. carapace, [M.91-153], x
Fig. 11 Neptocarcinus millenaris Lőrenthey, showing details of the front and orbit, EF-32.2 [M.91-152], x 6.8.
12-14 Paraxanthosia budensis 12 - dorsal view of EK-18.1 x 4.8; 13 - frontal view Figs gen. et sp. nov., carapace, holotype, [M.91-168],
of EK-18.2 14 - dorsal view of EK-18.2 3.3. carapace, [M.91-168], x 3.3; carapace, [M.91-168], x
16 denticulatus 15 - dorsal view of EK-17.1 16 - dorsal Figs 15, Budapanopeus gen. et sp. nov., carapace, holotype, [M.91-155], x 5.8;
view of carapace, EK-17.2 [M.91-155], x 5.4. 65\4
PLATE 4 66
— de 1833 Remarks This species has much in common with Superfamily Dorippoidea Haan,
the outline of the the orbi- de 1833 Cyamocarcinus ; carapace, Family Dorippidae Haan, tofrontal region and the form of the cervical and Genus Ethusa Roux, 1830 postcervical furrows coincide in both species and — well features of Ethusa are comparable to analogous Dyno- Type species mascarone (Herbst, 1785), by
of Fowler mene Latreille in Desmarest, 1825. subsequent designation (1912). Range:
Late Eocene-Recent.
Genus Ovamene gen. nov.
Ethusa evae sp. nov. Derivation — From of name the ovate outline of the PI. 4, Figs 1, 2; text-fig. 3h and the suffix carapace generic Dynomene.
— Ovamene nov. Derivation — The is after Mrs Type species franciae sp. of name species named
Diagnosis — Carapace longitudinally subovate, the Eva Miiller.
front takes half of the orbitofrontal the — up margin; Diagnosis Carapace subquadrate in outline, not cervical furrow is and a small much than wide with flattened nodes the medially V-shaped longer on intestinal lobe is present. hepatic, gastric and cardiac regions.
— Material Holotype, a carapace (EF-13.1
Ovamene franciae [M.91-144]). sp. nov.
Description — The is subquadrate in PL 3, Fig. 7; text-Fig. 3i carapace outline, widest at its posterior fifth and fractionally
— Derivation From the of name Francia, type locality. longer than broad. In longitudinal section the front, — As for far the of the anterior Diagnosis genus. as as tip mesogastric process,
Material — is the Holotype, a carapace (EF-12.1 flatly depressed, rising steeply to mid-gastric
it becomes almost flat the [M.91-143]). region to posterior mar-
— The is subo- it is almost flat with the lateral Description carapace longitudinally gin, transversely vate, breadth about three fourths of the length, edges well rounded. The wide orbitofrontal margin
and is well forward orbits widest about midlength; longitudinally trans- not preserved; facing appear
arched. The anterolateral the and the front is versely flatly margins are to occupy corners, produced rounded and sharply turned inwards. A thin ridge beyond well-developed curving outer orbital spines,
the behind which is constriction and short developed on posterolateral margins continues a vague gent- round acute posterior angles and concave posterior ly convex anterolateral margins terminate at a
which is wide the orbitofrontal margin as as margin. feeble cervical notch. The posterolateral margins,
The orbitofrontal about halfofthe also towards the margin occupies gently convex, diverge only slightly
width and is in fron- A shallow cervical furrow carapace typically dynomenid; posterior margin. crosses tal view it line the midline about in broad appears as a sloping, nearly straight mid-carapace length a
from the and down forwards it unites starting apex turning as an V, curving sharply and outwards, almost circular the orbit. The with the furrow then turns the curve, forming hepatic sharply out to rostrum-like triangular front is bent gently upwards margin; the hepatic furrow continues the former and little the its sides and reaches the front close the orbital produced a beyond orbits; are curve to outer weakly upturned. The cervical furrow is acutely spine. The branchiocardiac furrow is wider and
where it the midline about mid- than the cervical from V-shaped crosses deeper furrow; a more pro-
the internal mould it is minent it to the carapace length, on seen to marginal notch, runs smoothly
forwards widest of the cardiac and is bounded curve and outwards to the margin. The part region
is defined behind weak The cardiac region pentagonal, laterally by by a ridge. very small, lozenge-
lobe has of broad, hachured furrows and a smooth furrow sepa- shaped mesogastric a transverse pair rates ovate intestinal lobe. The dorsal weak its anterior is broad and it from an nodes, process paral- surface is smooth. lel sided for halfits before the length curving to apex
— is in the front and There is flattened Discussion There triangular at a sharp angle. a large node on median portion of the cervical furrow some resem- each protogastric lobe and these form a shallow blance to the Late Cretaceous Graptocarcinus texanus curve with a smaller one on each hepatic region.
the latter is There be Roemer, 1887, but transversely ovate appears to one, perhaps two, bluntly roun- and lacks the intestinal lobe. ded marginal spines on each epibranchial lobe; the 67
tumid confluent with is with rounded lobe itself is weakly and a produced, nearly straight corners
lobe from and divided notch. narrow mesobranchial which is separated medially by a deep U-shaped
bar-like lobe and anterior of The is rounded and numerous a short, urogastric part marginal edge spi-
adductor nules line the anterolateral the cardiac region by deep epimeral mus- broadly convex margins;
the anterior of the cardiac convexi-concave cle scars. Only part posterolateral margins converge
and this has of to a region is seen a transverse pair by acute posterior angles posterior margin
the nodes. somewhat wider than the front. For most part
— well defined and tumid Discussion In its somewhat wide outline E. evae the regions and lobes are
and the cervical is noticeablein resembles the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Bink- groove particularly
in its The mesobranchial is the least horstia ubaghsi (Binkhorst, 1857), but differs having lateral course.
well-defined distinct of the lobes and in outline, a mesogastric lobe, a urogastric prominent elongate-oval
anterior to the base of lobe and the hepatic furrows approach the front its very narrow process tapers
the lobes. The lobe closer to the outer orbital angles, thus reducing subquadrate epigastric urogastric
and size of the hepatic regions. All the above surface and cardiac region are ovate progressively
be found in Ethusa and the fact that than the lobe. The characters are to wider mesogastric branchial, the is wider than and intestinal are delimited carapace relatively anteriorly hepatic regions by deep
in disbars the furrows. Traces of the shell are on both apparent Recent species hardly new preserved is small Recent the internal and external moulds. There a species from this genus. Among species middleof each lobe and Ethusa mascarone americana Rathbun, 1898, at least, node about the protogastric
similar the outer of the intestinal has low tubercles or nodes on the gastric, hepatic ones occupy angles
the Ethusa distributed tubercles cover and cardiac regions. Extant spp. are gene- region. Small, evenly Scattered of these tuber- rally reported from non-reefal localities; Miiller dorsal surface. remnants
small the (1984b) reported E. mascarone Herbst, probably a cles are seen as pits on decorticated cara-
— at Santa leucosiid-like structure. subspecies, from a Messinian reef Pola, pace a typical
Spain. Discussion — The narrow protruding front with
small orbits at its base is a common feature of the
Superfamily Leucosioidea Samouelle, 1819 Leucosiidae, although leucosiids seldom have such
Leucosiidae 1819 furrows Gemmacarcinus Family Samouelle, deep as fossatus. A, probably
Gemmacarcinus be in Genus gen. nov. superficial, pattern of grooves can seen some
such Randallia Randallia species as pustuloides Sakai,
— The Latinised form of Bimbo Derivation of name 1961. Merocryptus lambriformis A. Milne Edwards,
the and the suffix -carcinus. 1873 has but the (ut), type locality, a similar carapace outline, regions
— Gemmacarcinus bifid Type species fossatus sp. nov. are delimited quite differently. The narrow
— A wide with front also shows found in Diagnosis subhexagonal carapace some similarities to that
and the deep furrows delimiting extremely convex regions. the xanthid genus Hepatoporus Serene, 1984
deep cervical furrow of G. fossatus delimits tumid
branchial and gastric regions in much the same way Gemmacarcinus fossatus sp. nov. in from the as Hepatoporus guinotae (Zarenkov, 1971) PL 3, Fig. 13; text-fig. 3j Indo-Pacific, without showing the cavity at the
Derivation — the furrows in that Surface features of name Referring to deep hepatic region seen species.
front is much in with members delimiting the extremely convex regions, the of G. fossatus have common
of Osachila but Osachila has narrow and protruding. Stimpson, 1871, sharp
— As for whereas G. has rounded Gui- Diagnosis genus. margins, fossatus ones. is member of — remarked that Osachila a a Material Holotype, a carapace (EBA-8.1 not (1966)
[M.91-145]). group which is transitional between Parthenopidae
is in and the with leucosiid affinities. Gem- Description The carapace rounded-hexagonal Oxystomata
macarcinus forms in outline; the lateral margins are imperfectly preser- fossatus evidently an early step
thirds of this transition and Guinot's ved but the length was probably about two (1966) remarks, toget-
her the leucosiid mentioned above the width; transversely moderately convex laterally, with propensities
it is rather in have influenced in this in the longitudinally more steeply rounded us placing species
for time Previous front. Small circular orbits are set close to the front Leucosiidae, at least the being.
of the it references to Osachila trechei Studer, 1898, are not which takes up one fourth carapace width; 68
because that is short blunt The orbits applicable species actually an spines. are small and circular.
Atelecyclus. There is a small rounded preoccular spine at the
lies the base of the rostrum, a similar one over orbit
Section 1803 and between is smaller Oxyrhyncha Latreille, them, set slightly lower, a
1819 the antennal The base of Family Majidae Samouelle, spine at septum. a broken
Genus Micromaia Bittner, 1875 the (postoccular) spine suggest it to have been stout-
est. There is a similar basal scar on the almost
— Micromaia tuberculata Bittner, 1875, Type species by circular hepatic region. The boldly curving meta- monotypy. Eocene. Range: branchial lobe overhangs the true lateral margin
and has three granular spines in line close to the
cervical Micromaia batalleri Via, 1959 notch, followed by two larger spines, the
second set at the lateral The lateral PI. 4, Figs 7, 8 angle. true
margin, seen only near the posterior margin is 1959 Micromaia batalleri 12. Via, p. 373, fig. bounded by a ridge expanding posteriorly and ter- 1969 Micromaia batalleri Via — Via, pp. 169, 394, pi. 11, figs minating close to a small intestinal lobe. The poste- 11, 12. rior margin is not preserved. The cervical furrow is
where it crosses the midline coinci- — nearly straight New material Carapaces, EF-15.1-2 [M.91-146].
— dent with greatest carapace width, becoming deeper Remarks Although only about half the size, the towards anterior border of the examined Dr it curves sharply the Szepvolgy specimens (kindly by Via) lobe then notch in the the Middle Lute- mesogastric turns sharply out to a are identical with types from the lateral margin. The proto-hepatic furrow con- tian of Catalonia, Spain.
tinues the forward curve of the cervical furrow to
Genus the outer orbital angle. A much shallower and Nanomaja gen. nov. from the broader branchiocardiac furrow curves
— and lobe the cervical notch and isolates the Derivation of name Alluding to the small size urogastric to possible relationship to Micromaia. epibranchial lobes from the margin. At the base of
— have Diagnosis Carapace arched in transverse and lon- the rostrum small epigastric lobes a granule at gitudinal sections; five marginal spines on the bran- their distal border. Large, rounded protogastric
the lobes the slender anterior chial margin, one of them at the lateral angle; are separated by process
the and bran- of the lobe. The gastric regions are smooth, hepatic pentagonal mesogastric urogastric chial lobe is and There regions are granulate. small, ovate depressed. is a trans-
node verse of nodes on the cardiac and a Type species — Nanomaja simplex sp. nov. pair region between the cardiac region and each metabranchial
lobe. The epi- and mesobranchial lobes are weakly Nanomaja simplex sp. nov. separated from one another and partially divided by PI. 4, Figs 5, 6; text-fig. 3d fur- a groove following the curve of the branchial
Derivation the Small of several diameters of name Alluding to relatively unor- row. spiny granules orna- namented the and branchial the carapace. ment hepatic regions, gastric
for lobes smooth. Diagnosis As genus. are
external mould of Discussion has some similarities with Material Holotype, a carapace Nanomaja
and Beschin about (EBA-9.1 [M.9I-149]), paratypes, carapaces Micromaia (see et al., 1985) especially
the orbitofrontal and in the (EF-14.1-3 [M.9I-147], EK-12.1-10 [M.9I-148], region carapace outline,
EBA-9.2-7 [M.9I-149]). but Micromaia lacks the posterior marginal ridge
The is in outline in and has a dense of Description carapace subpyriform developed Nanomaja array with tumid lobes and deep furrows; flatly arched tubercles (except Micromaia laevis Lorenthey, 1909, different from other of longitudinally, slightly depressed at the urogastric which seems quite species lobe and highest at the cardiac region; it is slightly this genus).
of arched transversely, rising in lateral and median The general arrangement the orbital spines,
the of the branchial arcs. The length excluding the rostrum is slightly presence spines on margin
width which lateral the of the more than twice the greatest occurs with one at the angle course about four fifths distant from the front. The rostrum furrows and the large rounded protogastric lobes
but bifid with with the Recent is poorly preserved, was probably point to a strong relationship 69
Microphrys Milne Edwards, 1851, but the absence of rior margin. The orbits, directed slightly obliquely,
and antennal characters of the take the fourths of the orbitofrontal mar- the rostrum new up outer
species, makes finite comparison uncertain. gin. The front is damaged, but probably slightly
produced, medially depressed with the raised edges
granulated; the depression continues back as a deep 1 Majidae sp. trough widely separating the epigastric lobes. The
and external moulds of orbital is raised and has Material Internal a car- upper margin thin, slightly
Behind this notch before the outer orbital apace, EK-36.1 [M.9I-150]. a spine. which is followed The is is the base of a smaller Description moderately convex carapace spine spine
Rounded pyriform in outline, posteriorly widely elliptical by a stouter one. posterolateral margins
and have the bases of three tuber- because ofsemicircular branchial regions. Deep fur- are slightly raised
shallow and delimitthe which cles or nodes. The cervical furrow is rows subhexagonal cardiac region
where has of nodes. Furrows delimit the it crosses the midline some a transverse pair nearly straight
lobes. three fourths distant from the front then runs for- meta-, meso- and epibranchial There is a
four the wards and outwards round meso- tubercle on the mesogastric lobe, on meso- protuberant
lobes. branchial and lobes. The and five or six on the metabranchial epibranchial epibranchial
Remarks This specimen differs from Micromaia lobes form rounded ridges divided into three nodes
much smoother and of which the median is the the meso- batalleri in having a surface two largest,
distinct nodes the cardiac rather than branchial lobe lies between the innermost node and on region
albeit double tubercle. Most other the anterior angle of the cardiac region. On each one, pointed,
tuberculated than M. lobe two nodes and in front ofthese Micromaia spp. are even more protogastric are in the batalleri. The width EK-36.1 three tubercles are arranged a semicircle, carapace distinguishes median behind from Nanomaja. The specimen is insufficiently well one occurring immediately slightly
lobes. The anterior preserved, however, to give it specific status. larger epigastric mesogastric
extends the middle of the three process to proto-
Family Parthenopidae Macleay, 1838 gastric tubercles and itself has three tubercles, the
median the A small Genus Mesolambrus gen. Nov. one largest. rectangular
and urogastric lobe is depressed less clearly sepa-
Derivation Meso- from the mesobranchial rated from the lobe than from the of name mesogastric
lobe and the generic group root. heart-shaped cardiac region.
Mesolambrus declinatus of three EK-11.1-3 Type species sp. Nov. Internal moulds propodi, (PI.
downturned ante- and Diagnosis Carapace steeply 3, Figs 14-17) are typically parthenopid may
the orbits with weak Mesolambrus riorly, are large uppermargins; possibly belong to ; they are subpen-
defined with the regions well epi- and meso- tagonal in cross section distally, becoming ovate
branchial lobes the dorsal surface is little than wide. There is distinct; proximally, a higher an
tuberculated. either side of the basal with coarsely acute angle on margin
the surface between nearly flat. The outer surface is
rounded median and convex and has a ridge an Mesolambrus declinatus nov. sp. distal The is acute one. upper margin obliquely PI. 3, Figs 11, 12, ? 14-17; text-fig. 3f inner is in its inclined, the margin concave upper
— From the orbito- fourth where there is then almost Derivation of name downturned a ridge, straight to
basal Each has five frontal region. the margin. ridge four or evenly
— and crowd Diagnosis As for genus. spaced spines numerous spiny granules
Material — decorticated the Holotype, a carapace, interridge spaces.
The limbs far distant from those described EGA-9.1 [M.91-151] and paratype, a carapace are not
Andorina in 1929, but cor- fragment, EGA-9.2 [M.91-151]. as elegans by Lorenthey
— is in to Miiller The Description The carapace subpentagonal out- rectly assigned Parthenope by (1984a).
is line, length about halfthe width, widest about three upper margin on Lorenthey's figure more sharply
is sub- fifths distant from the front. It is steeply arched inclined and the ridge on the outer margin
dued effect. There transversely, longitudinally it rises steeply from the producing a more quadrilateral is also the of the limbs front to the fore-edge of the epigastric lobes, slants possibility belonging to Phry-
nolambrus corallinus 1893 in Facies back to the cardiac region and curves to the poste- Bittner, occurring 70
5 of the but of which material: Szepvolgy Limestone, no they, 1898b, pi. 4, fig. 3; new carapaces
evidence has far in so been found Facies 4. EF-32.1-8 [M.91-152].
— Discussion Recent Meso- Remarks — be added the Among parthenopids Nothing new can to origi-
lambrus has a marked similarity to Thyrolambrus nal description.
it differs in Rathbun, 1894; largely the presence of
orbital and dis- weakly developed upper margins Superfamily Xanthoidea Dana, 1851
tinct mesobranchiallobes which on Thyrolambrus are Family Xanthidae Dana, 1851
and less fused with the Genus Actaeites displaced laterally more or gen. nov.
lobes epibranchial leaving the resulting space
between them and the cardiac Derivation — region as a depres- of name With reference to the similarity
sion. The isolated mesobranchial lobe and promi- to Actaea de Haan, 1833.
nent anterior distin- —- Actaeites lobatus mesogastric process readily Type species sp. nov.
guish Mesolambrus from Parthenope Weber, 1795 and Diagnosis — Carapace almost circular with five pairs
P. of (Platylambrus) Stimpson, 1871. Furthermore the lateral spines and a wide orbitofrontal margin,
branchial the latter is the distinct and the ridge on (sub)genera usually regions are epibranchial lobe
broken tubercles in has short entire, not by as Mesolambrus. two ridges.
Section Brachyrhyncha Borradaile, 1907
Actaeites lobatus nov. Superfamily Portunoidea Rafinesque, 1815 sp. PI. 4, Figs 9, 10; text-fig. 4c Family Portunidae Rafinesque, 1815
Genus Neptocarcinus Lorenthey, 1897 — the well-defined Derivation of name Referring to
surface characters. Type species — Neptocarcinus millenaris Lorenthey, — As for Diagnosis genus. 1897, by monotypy. Range: Late Eocene. — Material a — Holotype, carapace (EF-22.1 Remarks Lorenthey (1898a, b) ranged Neptocarcinus [M.91-153]). Cancrinae among its to emphasising similarity ‘Nep- — Description The carapace is almost circular in tunus’ In 1929 Lorenthey (in Lorenthey & Beurlen) outline, widest a little anterior to midlength; longi- view transferred the species to Xanthidae, a but tudinally gently arched, rather more steeply accepted by Busulini et al. (1983). We exclude Nep- downturned in front, and moderately arched trans- tocarcinus (=Corallicancer) spinosus and Prochlorodius versely. Thin anterolateral edges over-reach the from this for below. ellipticus genus, reasons given straight sides. The orbitofrontal margin takes far up The remaining true Neptocarcinus (N. millenaris), as almost the entire carapace width and the orbits it from the as possible to judge carapace surface, the thirds. A orbital occupy outer sharp outer spine shows much stronger affinities to portunids than to is followed the cervi- by an upturned one anterior to other families. brachyuran The form of its carapace cal notch; behind the notch two spines close to- readily brings to mind that of Catoptrus A. Milne gether lead back to posteriorly directed ridges on Edwards, 1870, Libystes A. Milne Edwards, 1867, the lobe the epibranchial and 4th and 5th spines are Carupa Dana, 1851 and Rakosia Muller, 1984a. reduced in size. The posterolateral margins con-
verge to the posterior margin which is narrower Neptocarcinus millenaris Lőrenthey, 1897 than the front. A V-shaped notch divides the front PI. 4, Fig. 11; text-fig. 4a into two rounded slightly produced lobes and thin,
raised orbital 1897 millenaris slightly upper margins are pierced Neptocarcinus Lorenthey, p. 156. by
1898b millenaris — Neptocarcinus Lorenthey Lorenthey, p. 179,
pi. 4, fig. 3.
4. - Fig. Diagrammatic views of: a Neptocarcinus millenaris Lőren- 1969 millenaris — Via, 298 Neptocarcinus Lorenthey p. (see
b - denticulatus - they, Budapanopeus gen. et sp. nov., c also for synonymy). et Actaeites lobatus nov., d - Panopeus granulineatus — gen. sp. 1975 millenaris Neptocarcinus Lorenthey Mtiller, pp. 516, e - Priabonocarcinus f - sp. nov., gallicus gen. et sp. nov., 520.
Paraxanthosia budensis - Laevicarcinusgen. et sp. nov., g
1983 millenaris — Busulini Neptocarcinus Lorenthey et al., p. h - Pilumnomimus egerensis Lőrenthey, planidentatus gen. et 66, pi. 3, fig. 3.
i - Prochlorodius - sp. nov., ellipticus gen. et sp. nov., j
Prochlorodius ellipticus, juvenile, k - Eomaldivia pannonica Material — are in the collec- Lorenthey's specimens Eomaldivia gen. et sp. nov., l - trispinosa gen. et sp. nov., m tion of MAFI. herein: - Lectotype designated Loren- Tetralia loerentheyi (Müller). 71 72
denticulatus two notches. Well-definedregions are slightly tumid Budapanopeus sp. nov. and finely granulated. The cervical furrow extends PI. 4, Figs 15, 16; PI. 5, Figs 2, 7, 14; text-fig. 4b almost the straight across midline about mid-cara-
turns meet the Derivation — to the pace length, sharply out to protogas- of name Alluding marginal tric then round the to denticulation. furrow curves hepatic region
circular — As for the margin. A fine groove isolates the hepa- Diagnosis genus.
anterior Material tic regions from the margin. The mesogas- — Holotype, a carapace (EK-17.1 tric is attenuated between and process moderately large [M.91-155]) paratypes (EK-17.2-14 epigastric lobes. The mesogastric, triangular uro- [M.91-155], EF-17.1-3 [M.91-154], EGA-21.1-5 gastric and ovate cardiac regions are divided by a [M.91-158], EGF-6.1-2 [M.91-159], EBA-12.1
furrow and there is small node between median a [M.91-156], EBV-7.1 [M.91-157]).
the cardiac and the mesobranchial lobes. — The has well- region Description subelliptical carapace
— almost Discussion Thewell-definedlobes and their dispo- rounded anterolateral margins forming an sition Actaeites much resembles several of continuous with the frontal the on species curve margin; length
into about four fifths of the width. it the old genus Actaea de Haan, 1833, now split is Longitudinally
A much wider orbitofrontal rises from the into numerous genera. mar- steeply front, curves a depression
orbits and wider anterior of behind the gin, bigger a sub-lobe epibranchial lobes and is convex from the mesogastric lobe, however, readily distinguishes the cardiac region posteriorly; it is moderately
Actaeites from Actaea, Novactaea Guinot, 1976, Epiac- arched transversely. Even sized granules line the
Forestia 1976 related anterolateral taea Serene, 1984, Guinot, or margins and, becoming finer, con-
The outline and distribution tinue the front. The front takes extant genera. general across produced up of the lobes also resembles some members of rather more than half of the orbitofrontal margin
Actaeites differs in hav- which about four fifths of the Lophopanopeus Rathbun, 1898; occupies carapace
wider in the there is median notch and the ing a orbitofrontal margin, juxtaposi- width; a sides are tion ofthe anterolateral in the absence of notches the spines and nearly straight. Deep separate upper frontal lobes in from the front and anterolateral generally present Lophopanopeus. orbital margins
the margins. Broadly curved where it crosses cara-
Genus the cervical furrow Budapanopeus gen. nov. pace posterior to midlength,
with the curves outwards at its junction protogastric
Derivation — From and of name Buda, type locality furrow, unites with the hepatic furrow, and recurves
The the related genus Panopeus. round the large, ovate hepatic regions. hepatic
— denticulatus furrow continues the of the cervical Type species Budapanopeus sp. nov. original curve
— front with furrow the front. A from the Diagnosis Carapace elliptical, straight a to groove extending median notch, step-like postfrontal and hepatic median frontal depression divides and isolates the
anterior on the ridges transversely aligned. mesogastric process. Step-like ridges
PLATE 5
1 Laevicarcinus dorsal view of MÁFI 2.9. Fig. egerensis Lörenthey, carapace, holotype, Eger, Coll., x
14 denticulatus 2 - frontal view of EF-17.1 7 - dorsal Figs 2, 7, Budapanopeus gen. et sp. nov., carapace, paratype, [M.91-155], x 5.9;
x view of EF-17.1 14 - dorsal view of EBA-12.1 6.2. carapace, [M.91-155], x 5.9; carapace, paratype, [M.91-156],
6 3 - dorsal view of details of the front and linear Figs 3, 4, Panopeus granulineatussp. nov., carapace showing ridges on right side,
EGA-11.2 4 - dorsal view of EGA-11.1 x 2.1; 6 - frontal view of paratype, [M.91-167], x 4.9; carapace, [M.91-167],
EGA-11.1 2.1. carapace, holotype, [M.91-167], x
10 5 - dorsal view of EGA-16.1 8 - frontal Figs 5, 8, Pilumnomimus planidentatus gen. et sp. nov., carapace, paratype, [M.91-171], x 5.4;
view of EGA-16.1 10 - dorsal view of EK.-35.1 x 4.5. carapace, [M.91-171], x 5.4; carapace, holotype, [M.91-170],
9 krenneri frontal view of EGF-9.1 5. Fig. Phlyctenodes Lőrenthey, carapace, [M.91-178], x
11 dorsal view of EK-28.1 11. Fig. Prochlorodius ellipticus gen. et sp. nov., juvenile carapace, paratype, [M.91-183], x
16 Priabonocarcinus 12 - dorsal view of EF-25.1 15 - frontal Figs 12, 15, gallicus gen. et sp. nov., carapace, holotype, [M.91-180], x 5.4;
view of EF-25.1 16 - dorsal view of latex of EF-25.2 4. carapace, [M.91-180], x 5; carapace, paratype, [M.91-180], x
13 dorsal view of MÁFI 2. Fig. Phlyctenodes steinmanni Lőrenthey, carapace, Kissvábhegy, Coll., x 73\5
PLATE 5 74
lobes in line the Laevicarcinus in hepatic and protogastric are cross egerensis Lőrenthey
front and the epi- and metabranchial lobes form Lorenthey & Beurlen, 1929
well-rounded ridges. The sides of the rectangular PI. 5, Fig. 1; text-fig. 4g
urogastric and urn-shaped cardiac region are deeply 1929 Laevicarcinus egerensis Lorenthey in Lorenthey & Beurlen, embayed by prominent cuneiform pits formed by 8. p. 238, pi. 11, fig. the adductor muscle — epimeral scars. 1969 Laevicarcinus & Beurlen egerensis Lorenthey Via, p.
Discussion — The shares characters with genus 386.
Eocene forms such as Titanocarcinus A. Milne
and in Material — Edwards, 1864 Pilumnoplax Stimpson, 1858, Holotype, a carapace (MAFI Coll.);
the outline and lobation of the but be carapace, can paratype, a carapace fragment (MAFI Coll.); new
the the and material: 3 2 chelae distinguished by ridges on hepatic, epi- carapaces, (EE-2.1-5
lobes. These in Para- Collins protogastric ridges are present [M.91-164]), a carapace fragment J.S.H. xanthosia H. Milne Collection 1659EE. gen. nov., Panopeus Edwards,
1834 and Laevicarcinus Lorenthey in Lorenthey & Remarks — The species is adequately described in
but the of & Beurlen but the almost Beurlen, 1929, more convex carapace Lorenthey (1929) figure (as
it different all in Budapanopeus gives quite a appearance; Lorenthey's posthumous figures, striking con-
Paraxanthosia is further its is gen. nov. distinguished by trast of those published during his lifetime) very front and the section is the chelae peculiar groove system. poor; transverse elliptical,
have the fixed finger quite stout and the surface is
Genus Daira de Haan, 1833 smooth.Crosnier Guinot the & (1969) compared spe-
cies with Platychelonion Crosnier & Guinot, 1969 and — - Cancer Type species perlatus Herbst, 1790, by mono- Via (1969) relateditto Titanocarcinus. typy. Range: Late Eocene-Recent.
Genus Panopeus H. Milne Edwards, 1834
Daira eocaenica (Lőrenthey, 1897)
PI. 4, Figs 3, 4 Type species — Panopeus herbstii H. Milne Edwards,
1834, by subsequent designation (ICZN Opinion 1897 eocaenicus 154. Phymatocarcinus Lorenthey, p. no. 1282, 1984). Range: Palaeocene-Recent. 1967 Daira eocaenica — 550. (Lorenthey) Guinot, p.
1969 Daira eocaenica — Via, 373 also for (Lorenthey) p. (see
synonymy). nov. — Panopeus granulineatus sp. 1975 Daira eocaenica 520. (Lorenthey) Miiller, pp. 516, — PI. 5, 3, 4, 6; 4d 1979 Daira eocaenica Guinot, 55. Figs text-fig. (Lorenthey) p.
— Derivation of name With reference to the secondary Material — Type series in the collection of MAFI; surface ornament. new material: EF-16.1-7 [M.91-160], EF-15.1-3
Diagnosis — Carapace subovate with four ante- [M.91-161], EGA-10.1 [M.91-163], EBA-10.1 rolateral and spines granule-lined steep fronted [M.91-162]. on the and lobes, Remarks — Guinot studied the and ridges epi- protogastric hepatic (1967) genus region and epibranchial lobes. proposed its removal from the Xanthidae. Cer- Material — Holotype, a carapace (EGA-11.1 tainly, the relationship of Daira with other fossil and [M.91-167]) paratypes, carapaces (EK-16.1-11 decapods, including the apparently similar Phlyc- [M.91-165], EGA-11.2-11 [M.91-167], EBA-11.1-2 tenodes, deserves further study. [M.91-166]).
— The subovate is about Description one Genus Laevicarcinus Lorenthey & Beurlen, carapace third broader than widest about 1929 long, midlength;
moderately arched in longitudinal and transverse
— sections. There robust directed Type species Laevicarcinus egerensis Lorenthey in are four forwardly
Lorenthey & Beurlen, 1929, by subsequent designa- spines on the anterolateral margins, the fourth a tion of Glaessner (1929). Range: Late Eocene. little longer than the others. The front is of an
Remarks — in its median Although placed Carcinoplacidae by uncommon shape; part, standing out
Lorenthey & Beurlen (1929) and in Carcinoplacinae from a broad base, is bilobed and its straight sides
Glaessner the form and the incline to median notch. Thus by (1969) crests on gently a U-shaped
whole front carapace suggest rather a Panopeus-dL^Wraiy. the is very wide, occupying as much as 75
width. The cervical furrow the front is with a 7/12ths of the carapace carapace, produced, triangular
fifths distant from median notch and from the inner orbital crosses the midline about three separated
incision. Sinuous the front, it is broad and deep to its junction with angles by an posterolateral mar-
the which about the protogastric furrow then turns outwards and gins curve to posterior margin are
the twice wide the front. From the the runs in a broad shallow curve to reach margin as as margin
behind the between the 3rd/4th spines. The protogastric fur- cervical furrow runs in a shallow curve round the lobe row runs from between the 1st/2nd anterolateral hepatic region, loops protogastric
and down round the spines towards the midline before turning sharply turns more steeply mesogastric
A it the midline two thirds distant down to the cervical furrow. triangular naso- lobe; crosses some
has basal and the from the front and is a thin gastric lobe a median depression interrupted medially by
of its anterior extends to the base extension from the lobe. Transverse tip narrow process urogastric
furrows the of wide epigastric lobes. Steep-fronted ridges on the branchiocardiac are equally as deep as
and in Short the on epigastric, protogastric hepatic lobes are ech- cervical. ridges run parallel to margin
the the the and there is a tuber- elon, those on protogastric overlapping epi- hepatic protogastric lobes; in halftheir and cle each lobe and three an gastric ones by length a curving ridge on protogastric
lobes. All the inverted the cardiac A occurs on the epibranchial ridges are triangle on region. groove
lobes from subdivided topped by fine granules. The urogastric and cardiac separates large epibranchial
confluent and The surface metabranchial lobe. On the side the and regions are lingulate. hepatic
of furrows unite beneath the ornament consists numerous granules forming cervical hepatic region
the bran- undulating, overlapping lines. and, curving forward, are joined by front. — of chiocardiac furrow and continue the Discussion The extremely wide front uncom- to — and the four of anterolateralteeth Discussion In lobes with mon shape pairs having large epibranchial
median of the distinguishes Panopeus granulineatus from extant Pan- prominent spines, a interruption cer-
outline and vical furrow and opeus species though the broad orna- furrow, a deep branchiocardiac a
for the of this contains ment is typical genus. pair protogastric tubercles, species characters of the Cretaceous-Danian many of the
Genus Paraxanthosia Xanthosia 1863 to a certain extent gen. nov. genus Bell, and,
Etyus Mantell, 1822, also Cretaceous. The marginal
Derivation — a to Paraxanthosia be between the of name Indicating relationship edge of appears to thin,
Xanthosia Bell, 1863. somewhat upturned edge of Xanthosia and the
— Paraxanthosia budensis Type species sp. nov. rounded one of Etyus.
Diagnosis — Carapace subhexagonal with two epi-
branchiocar- Genus Pilumnomimus branchial spines and a well-developed gen. nov.
the diac furrow, short ridges occur on hepatic and
— From the Latin mimus protogastric lobes. Derivation of name -actor-
and Pilumnus.
— Pilumnomimus Type species planidentatus sp. nov. Paraxanthosia budensis sp. nov. Diagnosis — A strongly arched, smooth carapace, PI. 4, Figs 12-14; text-fig. 4f orbits well developed, frontal margin entire, four
anterolateral — From the lobe-like spines. Derivation of name Buda, type locality.
— Diagnosis As for genus.
— Material Holotype, a (EK-18.1 carapace Pilumnomimus planidentatus sp. nov. and [M.91-168], [M.91-168]) paratypes (EK-18.2-5 PI. 5, Figs 5, 8, 10; text-fig. 4h PEBA-18.1 [M.91-169]).
— — The is about Derivation name to the flattened, lobe- Description subhexagonal carapace of Alluding twice wide arched trans- like as as long, moderately marginal spines. — for versely and somewhat flattened in longitudinal sec- Diagnosis As genus.
anterolateral is the base of Material — a (EK-35.1 tion. The margin convex, Holotype, carapace
between the orbital and a spine is evident midway outer [M.91-170]) paratype, a carapace (EGA-16.1
the and lateral angles. Of two thin, sharp spines on [M.91-171]). is in epibranchial margin the first is the larger. The Description — The carapace subhexagonal out-
about fifth wider than orbitofrontal margin is about half the width of the line, slightly rounded, one 76
long, widest between the 2nd and 3rd lateral spines. Type species — Phlyctenodes tuberculosus A. Milne
In longitudinal section the anterior half forms Edwards, 1862, by subsequent designation of
it is almost flat the almost a hemisphere, to hinder Glaessner (1929). Range: Middle Eocene-
three fourths and rounded again to the posterior Oligocene. margin; transversely, it is elliptical, being rather less
than towards the lateral convex medially angles. Phlyctenodes krenneri Lőrenthey, 1897 The short curved anterolateral margins have four PI. 5, Fig. 9; PI. 6, Fig. 1 subequal flattened, lobe-like spines, separated from each other incisions. The orbitofrontal 1897 154. by deep Phlyctenodes krenneri Lorenthey, p.
takes about four fifths of the 1905 krenneri — margin up carapace Phlyctenodes Lorenthey Checchia-Rispoli, p. width. The orbits wide with entire ele- 312, 1, fig. 10. are margins pi.
1969 Phlyctenodes krenneri Lorenthey — Via, 408 (see also vated the inner orbital There is p. near angles. a for synonymy). depression behind the front which is produced, its 1975 krenneri — 520. Phlyctenodes Lorenthey Miiller, pp. 516, margins are entire, blunt and deflected. The post-
almost erolateral margins are strongly convergent, Material — The holotype is in the collection of straight. No trace of regions is visible on the shell- MAFI. New material: EF-23.1-4 [M.91-172], surface. The internalmould of EGA-16.1 shows two EK-22.1-8 [M.91-173], EGA-15.1-2 [M.91-177], shallow furrows delimiting the anterior mesogastric EGF-9.1-6 [M.91-178], EBA-17.1 [M. 91-174], and fainter furrows delimit the protogastric process EBK-6.1-2 [M.91-175], EBV-3.1-3 [M.91-176], lobes. The dorsal surface is smooth and anteriorly Remark further be added the — Nothing can to covered in fine, densely crowded granules original description. posteriorly.
Discussion — The form of the is much like carapace steinmanni 1901 that of Glabropilumnus Balss, 1932 and other Pil- Phlyctenodes Lőrenthey, PI. 5, 13 umnus-related forms. These have a produced sharp- Fig. edged, lobated front which is generally a smooth 1901a steinmanni 4. Phlyctenodes Lorenthey, p. 815, pi. 1, fig. continuation of the surface. In subglobular carapace 1901b steinmanni 4. Phlyctenodes Lorenthey, p. 111, pi. 1, fig.
Pilumnomimus the front is entire with an almost — 1929 Phlyctenodes steinmanni Lorenthey Lorenthey in
from the hinder & 2. straight margin separated parts by Lorenthey Beurlen, p. 200, pi. 12, fig. a depression. The smooth, convex carapace is simi-
but the — of lar to that of Lobogalenopsis (see below) genera Material The type series is in the collection differin their anterolateral and the of MAFI. New material: margins shape two fragmentary carapaces the front. (EGA-14.1-2 [M.91-179]).
Remarks — As Lorenthey's illustrations are only of
Genus A. Milne 1862 in the Phlyctenodes Edwards, damaged specimens we figure a specimen
PLATE 6
1 krenneri dorsal view of EF-23.1 5.2. Fig. Phlyctenodes Lőrenthey, carapace, [M.91-172], x
6 Titanocarcinus kochii 2 - dorsal view of MÁFI 5 - dorsal view of Figs 2, 5, Lőrenthey, carapace, Kissvábhegy, Coll., x 2; carapace,
EF-27.1 6 - dorsal view of EGF-11.1 2.9. [M.91-187], x 3; carapace, [M.91-189], x
3 dorsal view of EK-23.1 x 5.8. Fig. Syphax sp., carapace, [M.9 1-186],
17 Prochlorodius 4 - dorsal view of EF-20.1 4.6; 7 - frontal view Figs 4, 7, ellipticus gen. et sp. nov., carapace, holotype, [M.91-181], x
of EF-20.1 17 - dorsal view of EK-20.1 6. carapace, [M.91-181], x 4.6; carapace, paratype, [M.91-182], x
11 8 - dorsal view of EF-19.1 11 - frontal view of Figs 8, Eomaldivia trispinosa gen. et sp. nov., carapace, [M.91-191], x 6.1;
carapace, EF-19.1 [M.91-191], x 6.1.
x Tetralia 9 - dorsal view of EK-1.3 12 - frontal view of EK-1.3 Figs 9, 12, 15 loerentheyi (Müller), carapace, [M.91-194], 6.8; carapace,
x 15 - dorsal view of EF-18.1 3.2. [M.91-194], 6.8; carapace, [M.91-193], x
13 10 - dorsal view of EGA-12.1 13 - frontal Figs 10, Eomaldivia pannonica gen. et sp. nov., carapace, holotype, [M.91-190], x 6.5;
view of EGA-12.1 6.5. carapace, [M.91-190], x
18 sulcata 14 - dorsal view of EF-21.1 16 - dorsal view Figs 14, 16, Branchioplax gen. et sp. nov., carapace, holotype, [M.91-199], x 5.9;
of - of paratype, EF-21.2 [M.91-199], x 5.1; 18 frontal view carapace, EF-21.2 [M.91-199], x 5.9. 77\6
PLATE 6 78
MAFI from weak likeness to collected by Magyar Lajos epibranchial ridge a considerable Collins & Kissvabhegy. Phlyctenodes hantkeni Lorenthey, 1897, the Middle Eocene genus Proxicarpilius minor is the only decapod species of Facies 4 which has not Morris, 1978, and in particular to Proxicarpilius
been found of the Collins & 1978. In Priabonocarcinus during the course present Morris, gallicus
the matrix the orbits are research. Because on Lorenthey's speci- sp. nov., however, comparatively
is not from the front is convex and notched, mens characteristic, they may originate smaller, regularly
Facies 5. rather than convexi-concave and entire, and the
inner The orbital angles are rounded, not angular. Genus Priabonocarcinus gen. nov. shows de new species some similarities to Atergatis
Haan, 1833, especially to Atergatis floridus (Linne, Derivation ofname — From the geological stage name in almost 1767) having an entire, tapered ante- and -carcinus. rolateral and short from margin a ridge extending Type species — Priabonocarcinus gallicus sp. nov. the lateral also in smooth angle, having a carapace Diagnosis — Carapace transversely subhexagonal, surface; the development of the front, however, is thin anterolateral margins with two rudimentary completely different in being weakly notched and the lateral spines, one on the angle weakly ridged; deflected in Priabonocarcinus and lobate in Atergatis. the front narrowly and evenly rounded, orbits small
and circular. Prochlorodius Genus gen. nov.
Priabonocarcinus gallicus sp. nov. — of Derivation of name Indicating an early member PI. 5, Figs 12, 15, 16; text-fig. 4e the Chlorodius Group.
— — From Prochlorodius Derivation of name Francia-kofejto, meaning Type species ellipticus sp. nov.
'Quarry of the Frenchman'. Diagnosis — Carapace transversely elliptical with a
— As for median dorsal three of ante- Diagnosis genus. depression, pairs
— rolateral and the orbitofrontal Material Holotype, a carapace (EF-25.1 spines margin
exceeds half the width. [M.91-180]) and paratypes EF-25.2-4 [M.91-180], carapace
— The is Description carapace transversely subhexago-
nalin outline,almost twice as broad as long, nearly flat Prochlorodius ellipticus sp. nov. transversely and moderately arched longitudinally. PI. 5, Fig. 11; PI. 6, Figs 4, 7, 17; text-figs 4i, j directed orbits take the Small, forwardly up outer
fourths of the orbitofrontal which millenaris 4 non margin occupies pars 1898b Neptocarcinus Lorenthey, p. 179, pi.
halfofthe width. The orbital fig. 3. carapace upper margin
— pars 1898c Neptocarcinus millenaris Lorenthey Lorenthey, p. is thickened by a roundedridge which tapers towards 69, pi. 4, fig. 4 non fig. 3. the front and shallow median terminates at a groove — pars 1929 Neptocarcinus millenaris Lorenthey Lorenthey in
behind the frontal there is a just margin; relatively non Lorenthey & Beurlen, p. 216, pi. 10, fig. 4 The front is steep post-orbital depression. depressed fig. 3.
rounded narrowly with an inconspicuous median
little than Derivation — From the outline. notch. A rudimentary spine occurs a more of name carapace
the rounded anterolateral — As for half way along broadly Diagnosis genus.
— margin and another of about equal size at the lateral Material Holotype, a carapace (EF-20.1
leads inclined and angle to aweak posteriorly epibranchial [M.91-181]) paratypes, carapaces (EF-20.2-16
ridge. The margin between the spines is straight in [M.91-181]; EK-20.1-67 [M.91-182], EGA-13.1-5
EGF-8.1-5 juveniles, becoming slightly convex as growth [M.91-184], [M.91-185], PEK-28.1-5
advances. The edge is narrowly roundedand the sides [M.91-183]).
inclinedunder. The surface features — The is are steeply only Description carapace transversely elliptical
of close the about in about third broader than are a pair gastric pits set to midline outline, one long,
mid-carapace length; the urogastric lobe is depressed widest about midlength. In side view it rises steeply
and laterally delimited by epimeral adductor muscle behind the front to the anterior third, then slopes
Internal show three small in the it is arched scars. moulds tubercles gently to posterior margin, flatly
inverted the cardiac and both sections mod- an triangle on lingulate region. transversely encompass a
Discussion — There is in the general outline of the erately deep depression centred about the cervical
furrow. The orbitofrontal three carapace, the rudimentary anterolateral spines and margin occupies 79
half of fourths of the carapace width; taking up a Syphax sp.
median and PI. 6, 3 this the front has a shallow depression Fig. deep notches where the protogastric furrows meet the front. The frontal rim is bounded by a thin ridge — EK-23.1 Material A carapace, [M.91-186], which faint median furrow behind a separates Description — Carapace subpentagonal in outline The orbits obscure frontal lobes. are broadly ovate, arched in almost as broad as long, gently transverse the inner orbital spine is sharp and the outer one divided and longitudinal sections. The front is by a rounds into the anterolateral margin which has median notch, its nearly straight sides slope gently three less sized whose bases are more or even spines orbital The orbits back to a notch at the inner angle. raised the dorsal surface. sin- onto Weakly and the slightly are directed obliquely outwards upper mar- the uous posterolateral margins converge to poste- before gin terminates in another notch immediately which is about wide the front. The rior margin as as small There is indentation a outer orbital spine. an defined. The cervical furrow is regions are poorly with the furrow in the margin coincident hepatic round the base of sinuous medially, turns sharply the is then followed by a spine, margin straight to a the the mesogastric lobe then curves broadly to spine at the lateral angle. Theposterolateral margin surface is The dorsal generally smooth, pits and margin. is about as long as the combined anterolateral of crowd the orbital margin and a line pits shallow upper orbital margins. The cervical furrow is very the front. crosses of node at the midline, it deepens round the base a
— attention their much Discussion While drawing to for- at each corner of the mesogastric lobe, curves attrib- smaller size, Lorenthey (1898b, pi. 4, fig. 4) and ward and outward round the protogastric lobe
uted with reservation two specimens to Neptocarcinus the lateral turns sharply out to reach the margin at of millenaris. Small specimens Neptocarcinus millenaris, the angle. The hepatic furrow is as wide as cervical much flatter than of however, are specimens equal encloses tubercle furrow and partly a C-shaped on size of Prochlorodius ellipticus and the slight similarity the hepatic regions. Narrow, rectangular frontal in their outline is The ante- only superficial. sharp lobes from are separated obliquely ovate epigastric rolateral margin of Neptocarcinus resembles that of lobes, in turn separated from large bilobate proto- xanthid Prochlorodius has a many portunids, typical have gastric lobes which a granule anteriorly on
much in with sev- Prochlorodius has common lobe. The margin. each inner, and two on each outer very included in Chlorodiella Rathbun, eral now lobe has tubercle the basal species small mesogastric a at orbitofrontal 1897. the width of the mar- However, and median the anterior is angles a granule; process width is much relative to the carapace greater has gin constricted at its base and a granule apically. half than that of Chlorodiella which is 'about a The urogastric lobe is damaged, but appears as a Serene Prochlorodius according to (1984). ellipticus The lateral of the bran- narrow crescent. portion be Chlorodiella barbata to close to (Borradaile, bounds of three fused appears chiocardiac furrow a group the latter lacks the dorsal median 1900), but mesobranchial lobe and the granules forming the depression. epibranchial is quadrate. We considered several small carapaces — previously Discussion While agreeing, by and large, with
PI. 5, Fig. 11) to belong to Pilumnus (EK-28.1-5, Milne Edwards's figure of Syphax crassus (see but their orbits and frontal Leach, 1815, margins, differs in Glaessner, 1969) Syphax sp. having a with the median together depression, fully agree curved the smaller node on hepatic regions, a meso- with P. In the EK-28 specimens, however, — ellipticus. branchial lobe triangular in outline rather than while the anterolateral margins are subparallel, con- — rectangular and more deeply divided proto- verging frontally in Prochlorodius — thus presenting a gastric lobes. the At the different appearance to carapace.
safer the smaller EK-28 moment it seems to regard
P. Milne 1864 specimens as juveniles possibly belonging to ellip- Genus Titanocarcinus A. Edwards,
ticus, explaining differences to allometric growth.
Genus Syphax A. Milne Edwards, 1864 Type species — Titanocarcinus serratifrons A. Milne
— A. Milne 1863, of Type species Syphax crassus Edwards, Edwards, by subsequent designation
Late Cretaceous- 1864, by original designation. Range: Early Glaessner (1929). Range:
Tertiary. Miocene. 80 81
Titanocarcinus kochii Lőrenthey, 1897 Diagnosis — An Eomaldivia with two pairs of lateral
PI. 6, Figs 2, 5, 6 spines, the front occupies rather more than two
width. thirds of the carapace Titanocarcinus kochii 155. 1897 Lorenthey, p. Material — Holotype, a carapace (EGA-12.1 1929 Laevicarcinus kochi (Lorenthey) — Lorenthey & Beurlen, EGA-12.2-4 [M.91-190]) and paratypes 11, 4, 5. p. 239, pi. figs
— 420 1969 Titanocarcinus kochii Lorenthey Via, p. (with [M.91-190],
— The is in out- synonymy). Description carapace subhexagonal
fifth wider than and widest line, about one long
— is in of little Material The type series the collection between the 2nd and 3rd lateral spines a more
MAPI. New material: EF-27.1-5 [M.91-187], than half the distance from the front; transversely
EK-27.1 [M.91-188], EGF-11.1 [M.91-189], and longitudinally moderately arched. The ante-
— of calls and sinuous Remarks The inhomogeneity Titanocarcinus rolateral margins are parallel post-
revision of the to for a severe genus. Neogene species erolateral margins converge sharply acutely
have been and rounded The is seem to eliminated even Palaeogene posterior angles. posterior margin
Busi- about width of the and bounded ones are quite heterogenous as emphasised by halfthe front by a
T. kochii should be almost the lateral The lini et al. (1984). Nevertheless, groove extending to angle. preserved in the framework of this genus until a broadly rounded orbitofrontal margin occupies revision and disassociation from Laevicarcinus almost the entire of this the front (see carapace width,
thirds and above), which is a completely different, probably takes up more than two protrudes slightly
Panopeus- related form, is undertaken. beyond acute inner orbital spines. A fine ridge lines
the orbital and extends across the upper margin
Eomaldivia Genus gen. nov. front. A sharp outer orbital spine points obliquely
outwards in line with the shallow orbit, its outer
— Maldivia. the fore- Derivation of name Indicating an early edge leads directly to a concavity forming
— Eomaldivia Type species pannonica sp. nov. edge of the first lateral spine which is sharp, more
— with and leads Diagnosis Carapace subhexagonal two or forwardly directed, its outer edge, again, three the front the pairs of lateral spines; occupies two to a concave fore-edged needle-sharp spine at
width and is inter- limited thirds or more of the carapace lateral angle. Surface features are to a
median notch. the orbits rupted by a depression behind with a weaker, more
Remarks — In all the and behind it. The probability species, conse- medial one triangular mesogastric
the quently the genus, is related to Trapezia (i.e. to lobe is weakly tumid at its outer angles and a shal-
and cardiac family Trapeziidae as recognised by Serene, 1984). low depression outlines the urogastric
Similar The lateral of the dorsal surface smooth, featureless carapaces are present regions. areas are
anterolateral only in this group. The strong spines lightly pitted.
Maldivia in Eomaldivia suggests a close relationship to
its much wider front relates it rather to although Eomaldivia trispinosa sp. nov. Tetralia All related forms or Trapezia. are obligate PI. 6, Figs 8,11; text-fig. 41 commensals with scleractinians or octocorals.
— the three of Derivation of name Alluding to pairs
anterolateral spines. Eomaldivia nov. pannonica sp. — Diagnosis An Eomaldivia with three pairs of ante- PL 6, Figs 10, 13; text-fig. 4k rolateral spines.
Material — a (EF-19.1 Derivation — From the Holotype, carapace of name Pannonia, Roman [M.91-191]), and paratypes EF-19.2-4 [M.91-191], province incorporating part of present-day EBA-14.1-2 [M.91-192]. Hungary. — The is similar in outline to Description carapace
Eomaldivia but little in relation to views of: - sulcata Fig. 5. Diagrammatic a Branchioplax sp. nov., pannonica, a longer
b - - Corallicarcinus lateral Corallicarcinus planus gen. et sp. nov., c width, the front is narrower and the angles
- minima spinosus (Lőrenthey), d Eoplax et sp. nov., e situated The gen. are a little more posteriorly. ante-
- - altus f Caprocancer gen. et sp. nov., Lobogalenopsis quadri- and have three rolateral margins are slightly convex
lobata - h (Lőrenthey), g Sculptoplax rigida gen. et sp. nov., pairs of spines, the 1 st coming immediately behind a - i - PalaeograpsusDaragrapsus trispinosus gen. et sp. nov., On the dorsal surface the bittneri - small outer orbital sp. nov., j Daranyia granulata Lőrenthey. spine. 82
— postorbital depressions are shallower and more con- Type species Branchioplax washingtoniana Rathbun,
the orbital have tinuous round upper margins, they 1916, by monotypy. Range: Eocene-Oligocene.
other them. On the no depression posterior to
whole the median regions are less well defined, sulcata Branchioplax sp. nov. although the metabranchial lobes are vaguely PI. 6, Figs 14, 16, 18; text-fig. 5a tumid. of level with the There is a pair gastric pits
lateral angles. 1898b 195. PPlagiolophus Lorenthey, p.
1898c — 73. ?Plagiolophus Lorenthey Lorenthey, p.
Genus 1851 1975 ? Miiller, 516, 520. Tetralia Dana, Branchioplax? sp. — pp.
— Type species Tetralia nigrifrons Dana, 1853 (= Cancer Derivation of name — Alluding to the conspicuous glaberrimus Herbst, 1790), ICZN Code 69a (v). Tetra- sulcae.
lia is the of Tetraloides — A with nigrifrons now type species Diagnosis Branchioplax conspicuous
Galil, 1985, but the designation of C. glaberrimus still furrows.
stands. Late Eocene-Recent. — Range: Material Holotype, a carapace (EF-21.1
and [M.91-199]) paratypes, a carapace fragment on
of rock with of a piece a carapace ‘Palaeograpsus sp.' Tetralia loerentheyi (Müller, 1975) from Kissvabhegy, coll. MAFI and EF-21.2-8 PI. 6, Figs 9, 12, 15; text-fig. 4m [M.91-199], EK-21.1-7 [M.91-200], EBM-6.1
1975 1. EBA-16.1-8 EBV-5.1-2 Trapezia loerentheyi Miiller, pp. 516, 520, pi. 1, fig. [M.91-202], [M.91-201], [M.91-203], PEGA-22.1-4.
— — New material Carapaces (EK-1.1-6 [M.91-194], Description The carapace is subquadrate in out-
EF-18.1-15 [M.91-193], EGA-22.1-4 [M.91-197], line, almost as long as wide, widest at its anterior
EGF-7.1-5 [M.91-198], EBA-15.1-5 [M.91-195], third; gently arched longitudinally and transversely.
EBV-6.1-3 There blunt the rather short [M.91-196]). are two spines on
— reveal Remarks Newly collected specimens a typ- anterolateral margins and another, smaller one, just
frontal in the ically Tetralia-like margin absent type behind the cervical notch. Rounded posterolateral
into the specimens, consequently the species should be margins curve smoothly straight to slightly
there which transferred to Tetralia although are two ante- concave posterior margin is bounded by a
rolateral in the Eocene form. In flattened with either end. The spines juvenile T. ridge a granule at glaberrima only one small lateral spine is visible (see orbitofrontal margin is straight to slightly convex
which Sakai, 1976, pi. 183) disappears as growth and occupies about seven tenths of the carapace advances. width. Small rounded orbits take the up outer
fourths and directed little from the are a obliquely
Family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 midline. The almost straight front is produced,
1886 with shallow median The Subfamily Carcinoplacinae Miers, thickened, a depression.
Genus Branchioplax Rathbun, 1916 inner orbital angles are rounded, there are two
PLATE 7
5 1 - dorsal view of EK-25.2 4 - dorsal view of Figs 1, 4, Corallicarcinus spinosus (Lőrenthey), carapace, [M.91-205], x 2.2;
EK-25.1 5 - frontal view of EK-25.1 2.3. carapace, [M.91-205], x 2.3; carapace, [M.91-205], x
- 8 Corallicarcinus 2 frontal view of EK-26.1 3 - dorsal Figs 2, 3, planus gen. et sp. nov., carapace, holotype, [M.91-207], x 5.4;
view of of left EK-26.1 8 - dorsal view of EK-26.2 carapace, montage side, [M.91-207], x 5.4; carapace, paratype,
[M.91-207], x 3.7.
7 ? Corallicarcinus and views of EK-25.11 2. Figs 6, spinosus (Lőrenthey), outer upper right propodus, [M.91-205], x c.
12-14 9 - dorsal view of EK-30.1 x 10 - dorsal Figs 9, 10, Daragrapsus trispinosus gen. et sp. nov., carapace, paratype, [M.91-209], 8.7;
view of EF-30.2 3.6; 12 - dorsal view of disoriented show orbit and carapace, paratype, [M.91-208], x carapace, to
the left EK-30.1 13 - frontal view of EK-30.1 spines on side, holotype, [M.91-209], x 7.2; carapace, [M.91-209], x
14 - dorsal view of EK-30.1 4.6. 4.6; carapace, [M.91-209], x
11 dorsal view of orbit and lateral EF-29.2 1 Fig. Daranyia granulata Lőrenthey, carapace showing right spines, [M.9 -215], x
6.6. 83\7
PLATE 7 84
obscure fissures in the raised and the — As for upper margin Diagnosis genus.
Material — outer orbital spine is only weakly developed. Where Holotype, a fragmentary carapace
the midline the cervical EK-31.2-4 it crosses furrow is broadly (EK-31.1 [M.91-204]), paratypes,
and its with the V-shaped vague to junction proto/ [M.91-204],
— The is in hepatic furrows extending from the anterior angle Description carapace subpentagonal out-
the middle the widest little In of the mesogastric lobe to about of line, a anterior to midlength. longitudi-
far the nalsection it rises from the reaches maxi- orbital margins; they are by most prominent steeply front,
intheanterior becomes dorsal features. The short urogastric lobe is mum height fifth, depressed at
it is the base of the anterior then depressed and its outer angles are attenuated; mesogastric process,
confluent with the it is somewhat tumid rounded-trian- curves gently to the posterior margin; steeply
cardiac which has three arched of the gular region granules in an transversely. Only a corner forwardly
orbits and small orbital is inverted triangle. Between the urogastric and the facing a outer spine pre-
isolated from served. is cardiac region is a small node just a The anterolateral margin convex to a slight
of otherwise obsolete indentationwhere the meets the ridge bounding the course an protogastric groove
small branchiocardiac furrow. The defined behind this a basal scar indicates a weakly very edge,
slender anterior of the lobe does the then extends almost process mesogastric upturned spine, margin
also andthis is not quite reach the anterior border of the proto- straight to atriangular spine, upturned,
is obscure followed smaller gastric lobes. There an granule at the by a spine more laterally directed.
of the lobes and least anterior centre epigastric a larger Concave posterolateral margins are at as long as
in the middle each lobe. the anterolateral and one of protogastric margins convergeto aposterior
— than the front. The Discussion Branchioplax sulcata closely resembles margin narrower cervical furrow
1981 the midline Branchioplax concinna Quayle & Collins, from crosses posterior to mid-length, curves
the Barton Clay of Christchurch (England), but dif- sharply round the mesogastric lobe and becomes fers in having more prominent proto-hepatic fur- obsolete as it passes round a curved granulated ridge
frontal lobe.The inner ofthis is rows and a somewhat less produced margin. on the epibranchial end ridge
of concinna the lobe.A (Better preserved specimens Branchioplax a little anterior to pentagonal mesogastric
'notch' than the the have a much less obvious frontal shorter, steeper ridge on hepatic region, together
description in Quayle & Collins [1981] implies). with apair ofnodes on eitherside ofthe anterior meso-
The lobe of the is forms the front. urogastric new species quadrate gastric process an illusory curve across
concinna. The those theanterior rather than rectangular as in Branchioplax deepest grooves are delineating
of less and which is sided for most of Furrows more or even depth width, to- mesogastric process parallel
with median of its and terminates some distance fromthe front. gether a sparse ornament granules length and the and The lobe is and absence of granules on epi- protogastric urogastric crescent shaped narrower
than the Numerous lobes readily distinguishes Branchioplax washingtoniana mesogastric lobe. granules of sev-
(Eocene/Oligocene of North America) from B. eral diameterscrowd the dorsal surface.
sulcata.
Genus Corallicarcinus gen. nov.
Genus Caprocancer gen. nov.
— Derivation of name With reference to the coral-
Derivation — The of Kecske ofname Latinised form (a associated habitat.
and the suffix -cancer. goat) Type species — Corallicarcinus spinosus (Lorenthey, — altus Type Caprocancer( nov. species sp. 1929).
— with three
Diagnosis Carapace subpentagonal — Diagnosis Carapace subhexagonal with three marginal spines; it is steeply arched in transverse and bilo- pairs of anterolateral spines, front straight form and longitudinal sections; granulated ridges a dorsal surface from the bed; ridges extend onto the the front and there curve across is a similar ridge on 2nd and 3rd marginal spines. the epibranchial lobes.
Corallicarcinus spinosus (Lőrenthey, 1929) Caprocancer altus sp. nov. PL 7, Figs 1, 4-7; text-fig. 5c PI. 8, Figs 1-3; text-fig. 5e
5. 1929 Neptocarcinus spinosus Lorenthey, p. 217, pi. 10, fig.
Derivation — From the arched — name longi- 1929 similis Bittner & of steeply Galenopsis Lorenthey Beurlen, p. tudinal and transverse sections. 247, pi. 16, fig. 7. 85
— — The less than third of Diagnosis front occupies one Material Holotype, a carapace (EK-26.1
the orbital margin, the anterolateral spines are [M.91-207]) and paratypes, EK-26.2-6 [M.91-207].
— In section the is robust and the dorsal ridges are strongly developed. Description longitudinal carapace
Material — housed in MAFI downturned in it is Holotype, a carapace, steeply front, transversely nearly
anterolateral Coll. Additional material: carapaces EK-25.1-27 flat. The spines are weakly developed,
[M.91-205], EGA-18.1-9 [M.91-206]. with the stoutest at the lateral angle. The front takes
— is little under half ofthe orbitofrontal it Description The carapace broadly subhexagonal up a a margin,
median notch and with the front and anterolateralmargins forming an is straight with a shallow not
it advanced from the inner orbital The almost continuous curve; in longitudinal section much spine.
rises behind flat frontal from the 2nd and 3rd lateral steeply a narrow area, ridges extending spines
level with the there is sinuous curves sharply to its highest point 2nd are feebly developed, a depression
it and small lateral spines, then gently to the posterior margin, at the urogastric/cardiac junction a of the is weakly arched transversely. The orbitofrontal wedge-like pit next to the outer angles meso-
takes almost thirds of the lobe. margin up two carapace gastric
— The of dorsal distin- width and of this the front occupies rather more Discussion presence ridges
bilobed and in Corallicarcinus from These than one third; it is broadly slightly guishes Neptocarcinus.
advance of rounded inner orbital in C. a bluntly spine ridges are more strongly developed spinosus,
from C. in from which it is separated by a notch, the upper which also differs planus having more
raised. notches robust lateral and front in orbital margin is slightly Deep sepa- spines a narrower propor-
rate the outer orbital and slightly upturned ante- tion to the orbitofrontal margin.
rolateral spines; the first is robust, subtriangular
the about half Genus with a rounded posterior edge, 2nd, Eoplax gen. nov.
the size is rounded in section, and the 3rd is almost
Derivation name — From the Eocene and the suffix spinulate. A broadly rounded ridge from the 2nd of
used in the of related spine extends almost to the midlinewhere it is inter- -plax (flat) names many genera. — minima the anterior nov. rupted by narrow mesogastric process; Type species Eoplax sp.
— from the 3rd forms the with two a sharper ridge spine epi- Diagnosis Carapace subhexagonal pairs of lateral the vestigial; front branchial lobe. The posterior angles are fairly sharp spines, posterior pair
the is about wide the not much inner orbital rounded; and posterior margin as as produced, angle
front. defined. Dorsal surface with wavy Internal moulds show an ovate mesogastric regions poorly
lobe with two pairs of small granules, and the epi- grapsoid ornament.
The gastric lobes are vaguely tumid. slightly
confluent uro-cardiac is sub- depressed region minima Eoplax sp. nov. triangular and broader than the mesogastric lobe. PI. 8, Figs 6, 7; text-fig. 5d A propodus attributed to this species (PI. 7, Figs 6,
Derivation — the small size of the 7) is robust and ovate in section; the height of the of name Indicating
its manus rather exceeds twice the length, upper species.
the lower is — As for margin is weakly convex, margin con- Diagnosis genus. — and almost half Material vex proximally straight distally to Holotype, a carapace (EF-28.1
half and the length of the fixed finger which is less than [M.91-219]) paratypes, EBA-21.1-2
and its has the length of the manus opposing margin [M. 91-220],
of — The is in a row uneven granules apart from an excavation Description carapace subhexagonal out-
behind the tip. line, the length about five sixths of the breadth,
broadest at the anterior third. There is a small
lateral forwardly directed spine at the angle and a Corallicarcinus planus sp. nov. behind it. The short vestigial one anterolateral mar- PI. 7, Figs 2, 3, 8; text-fig. 5b gin is straight before the lateral angle, angularly
— With reference the subdued then where Derivation of name to bent, straight to a post-orbital depres-
sion notch the The front is surface feature. causes a at margin.
— Diagnosis Anterolateral spines and dorsal ridges barely produced, convexi-concave and curves into
halfof orbito- weakly developed and the front occupies about half the innerorbital angle; it takes up the
of the orbitofrontal margin. frontal margin which occupies two thirds of the 86
width. Circular orbits directed Additional material — 3 3 chelae carapace are slightly carapaces,
midline. 19 obliquely to the Straight posterolateral (EK-24.1-6), carapaces (EGA-23.1 [M.91-225],
shallow EF-36.1-12 EBK-7.1-2 margins converge to coxigeal embayments [M.91-221], [M.91-223], before sharply rounded posterior angles and the EBV-9.1-4 [M.91-224], EK-37.1 [M.91-222]).
wider front. cervi- — The of the posterior margin is than the The Description length subpentagonal car-
cal furrow is and where it is about four fifths ofthe widest its straight moderately deep apace width, at
the midline three from In side view it is arched crosses some fourths distant anterior third. steeply over
the front. features limited of the anterior third and curved the Surface are to a pair gently to posterior
back arched The narrow steep-fronted epigastric lobes leading margin; it is moderately transversely.
truncated the lobe. anterolateral in individ- as triangles onto protogastric margin (spinose very young
Traces remain external mould of the on the fine uals) is divided by two evenly spaced lobes before a
brief wavy-ridged typically grapsoid ornament. small, sharp spine at the lateral angle. A dorsal
Discussion — There is considerable likeness the before the low to depression spine gives emphasis to a
Badenian (Middle Miocene) Pachygrapsus hungaricus epibranchial 'ridge'. Straight posterolateral margins
but the latter has and lead of shallow Miiller, 1974, species a more converge by way coxigeal
quadrate outline, the marginal spines are more depressions to the gently convex posterior margin
strongly developed and there is an outer orbital which is about as wide as the front. The orbitofron-
the lobes rather than tal halfof the width and spine, epigastric are quadrate margin occupies carapace
orbital and the almost circular orbits take the outer fourths. 'triangular'. Strong outer spines a vary- up
ing number of lateral spines are features of Recent There is a weak median depression in the slightly
grapsids. protruding front and a deep concavity before a
blunt inner orbital the is spine; upper margin
Genus A. Milne Edwards, 1865 A Galenopsis weakly raised and the outer angle is sharp. narrow
postfrontal depression commencing at the outer Type species — Galenopsis typica A. Milne Edwards, orbital spine broadens towards the front. The cervi- 1865, by subsequent designation of Glaessner cal furrow is of broadly V-shaped from a pair gastric (1929). Range: Middle Eocene-Pliocene. pits close to the midline two thirds distant from the
its forward and outward the front, curve to margin
Galenopsis similis Bittner, 1875 is marked by a series of pits. The tip of the anterior
PI. 8, Figs 4, 5 mesogastric process extends between vaguely tumid
lobes. Numerous isolate the epigastric coarse pits
1875 Galenopsis similis Bittner, pi. 2, fig. 9. p. 97, cardiac which three obscure region on are granules. 1929 similis Bittner & Galenopsis — Lorenthey Beurlen, p. Other, finer pits crowd the dorsal surface. 247, pi. 16, figs 3, 4, 6 non 1 (see also for synonymy). The undersurface and limbs were 1969 similis Bittner — Via, 378. figured by Galenopsis p. - 1975 aff. similis Bittner 516. Galenopsis Miiller, pp. 510, Lorenthey (1929, pi. 16, fig. 4).
PLATE 8
1-3 altus 1 - dorsal view of EK-31.1 2 - frontal view of Figs Caprocancer gen. et sp. nov., carapace, holotype, [M.91-204], x 2;
EK-31.2 3 - left lateral view of EK-31.2 1.8. carapace, paratype, [M.91-204], x 1.8; carapace, [M.91-204], x
5 similis 4 - frontal view of EF-36.1 5 - dorsal view of EF-36.1 Figs 4, Galenopsis Bittner, carapace, [M.91-221], x 3.8; carapace,
[M.91-221], x 3.8.
7 minima 6 - dorsal view of EF-28.1 7 - frontal view of Figs 6, Eoplax gen. et sp. nov., carapace, holotype, [M.91-219], x 7.2;
EF-28.1 x 7.2. carapace, [M.91-219],
8-10 8 - dorsal view of EK-33.8 x 3; 9 - frontal view of Figs Lobogalenopsis quadrilobata (Lőrenthey), carapace, [M.91-226],
EK-33.8 10 - frontal view of EK-33.2 1.8. carapace, [M.91-226], x 3; carapace, [M.91-226], x
15 bittneri 11 - dorsal view of internal mould of EF-31.1 12 - Figs 11, 12, Palaeograpsus sp. nov., carapace, holotype, [M.91-227], x 8.9;
frontal view of internal mould of 15 - dorsal view oflatex of carapace, EF-31.1 [M.91-227], x 8.9; carapace, EF-31.1
[M.91-227], x 8.9.
13 dorsal view of EK-32.1 5.3. Fig. Sculptoplax rigida gen. et sp. nov., carapace, holotype, [M.91-228], x
14 ? view of overlain Galathea Fig. Costacopluma sp., dorsal carapace, partly by sp., EK-34.1 [M.91-229], x 5.5. 87\8
PLATE 8 88
— — The in & Derivation While related there Discussion figure presented Lorenthey ofname to Daranyia,
omits the the similarities related forms. Beurlen (1929, pi. 16, fig. 7) con- are to Grapsus-
cavities in the frontal margin, places the lateral Diagnosis — Carapace subquadrangular, lateral
extremities of the much with three in size postfrontal depression too margins spines decreasing poste-
far posteriorly (reaching the 2nd anterolateral riorly; frontal median furrow not continued onto
lobes), extends the epibranchial 'ridge' and alto- the mesogastric lobe.
the and cardiac — gether over-emphasises mesogastric Type species Daragrapsus trispinosus sp. nov.
These characters with Coral- regions. agree entirely
licarcinus spinosus (Lorenthey) and the specimen Daragrapsus trispinosus sp. nov. should be regarded as belonging to that species. PI. 7, Figs 9, 10, 12-14; text-fig. 5h
Genus nov. Derivation — From the three of lateral Lobogalenopsis gen. of name pairs
spines. — — Derivation name Lobo- for the lobateanterolateral As for of Diagnosis genus.
and — margins Galenopsis. Material Holotype, a carapace (EK-30.1
— 1897. Type species Galenopsis quadrilobata Lorenthey, [M.91-209]) and paratypes, EK-30.2-21
— Diagnosis Carapace strongly convex; elliptical [M.91-209], EF-30.1-21 [M.91-208], EGA-17.1-10 anterolateral with a sharply keeled, lobate margin; [M.91-213], EGF-14.1-13 [M.91-214], EBA-19.1-4 small orbits and very a deflected, broadly triangular [M.91-210], EBK-8.1 [M.91-211], EBV-10.1-3
frontal in view. margin, straight upper [M.91-212].
— is about Description The subquadrate carapace
three fourths wider than long, widest at the outer Lobogalenopsis quadrilobata orbital angles; viewed from the side it rises steeply (Lorenthey, 1897) from the front then becomes moderately curved to PI. 8, Figs 8-10; text-fig. 5f
the posterior margin, in transverse section it is 1897 Galenopsis quadrilobatus Lorenthey, 156. p. gently arched with steep sides. The lateral margins — 1898a Galenopsis quadrilobatusLorenthey Lorenthey, 100. p. and for the are straight converge to embayments — 1898b Galenopsis quadrilobatus Lorenthey Lorenthey, p. 87, less in line with the fifth coxae set more or posterior pi. 5, fig. 3.
which is bounded a fine followed 1898c — Galenopsis quadrilobatus Lorenthey Lorenthey, p. 60, margin by ridge by
3. orbitofron- pi. 5, fig. a groove more prominent medially. The
1929 Galenopsis quadrilobatus Lorenthey — Lorenthey & tal is well the front margin not preserved, appears to 5. Beurlen, p. 249, pi. 16, fig. be or rounded, it leads with- — nearly straight broadly 1933 Galenopsis quadrilobatusLorenthey di Salvo, pi. 33, pi. out interruption to straight, gently sloping upper 3, fig. 3. orbital in for- 1969 — 378. strong, flat, Galenopsis quadrilobatus Lorenthey Via, p. margins terminating wardly directed hooked spines. Three similarly
— lateral diminish in size Material The type series is housed in MAFI. shaped spines posteriorly;
the 1st and 2nd the and the Additional material: EK-33.1-8 [M.91-226]. occur on hepatic margin
Remarks — Although placed by Lorenthey in Gale- 3rd behind the cervical furrow. A fine median
small lobes and nopsis, Lobogalenopsis quadrilobata is similar to that groove separates ovate epigastric
in the broad outline of its Its divides to enclose the of defined ante- genus only carapace. tip a poorly
- rior The cervical furrow curves extremely small orbital sinus in fact only a notch- mesogastric process.
round the base of the lobe and like space between the frontal margin and the 1st broadly mesogastric
out anterolateral spine - readily distinguishes it from turns abruptly forward before curving to the
Galenopsis which has well-developed orbits. The lateral margin; three regularly spaced pit-like front of in differs line its base. extend from Lobogalenopsis, straight upper view, depressions Vague ridges
the lobes towards also from the lobate one of Galenopsis. It would be epigastric the outer orbital spines; difficult to define affinities for similar between on each the new genus; its a ridge a granule proto- outline and convexity relates it to Pilumnus, but the gastric lobe becomes prominent and downturned
the orbits and front differ considerably. towards margins; a ridge bounds the cervical
and another the concave branchiocardiac furrow.
Family Grapsidae Macleay, 1838 The confluent uro-cardiac region is broadly shield-
Genus Daragrapsus gen. nov. shaped and has one median granule and a pair of 89
its base. A of in The area behind ridged granules at pair elongate gran- seen Lorenthey's (1929) figure.
— ules the lobe the midline the orbit — on mesogastric lies close to Lorenthey's supraorbital spine-base
three of is tumid and the median frontal does not and is followed by two or pairs rugose groove
granules lining the lateral and basal margins. The bisect the front, but terminates behind it.
entire dorsal surface is granulated, the granules ten- Genus Bittner, 1875 ding to form short, alternating ridges. Palaeograpsus
— related the Discussion While closely to contempor-
dif- Type species — Palaeograpsus inflatus Bittner, 1875. ary genus Daranyia Lorenthey, 1901, Daragrapsus Middle fers in having only three pairs of lateral spines; the Range: Eocene-POligocene.
anterior border of the protogastric lobes has two,
four the frontal median sulcus extends not nodes, bittneri Palaeograpsus sp. nov.
only to the tip of the anterior mesogastric process, PI. 8, Figs 11, 12, 15; text-fig. 5i the not continuing length of the mesogastric lobe as
Derivation — After Professor A. Bittner. it does in Daranyia and the transverse furrows on the of name
— with latter genus are straighter. Diagnosis Carapace subquadrate no margi-
nal spines, orbits obliquely inclined and a ridge
Genus 1901 the Daranyia Lorenthey, extending across metabranchial lobes and car-
diac region.
— 1901, Type species Daranyia granulata Lorenthey, by — Material Holotype, a carapace (EF-31.1 Range: Late Eocene. monotypy. [M.91-227]).
— is almost Description The subquadrate carapace
Daranyia granulata Lőrenthey, 1901 flat in transverse section with the sides turned down
PI. 7, Fig. 11; text-fig. 5j almost at right angles to the dorsal surface; in side
view it is sharply downturned behind the front, flat 1901a 334, 1, 3. Daranyia granulata Lorenthey, p. pi. fig. to cardiac/metabranchial then 33. a ridge, steeply 1902 Daranyia granulata Lorenthey, p. — The 1908 curved to the orbitofrontal Daranyia granulata Lorenthey Lorenthey, p. 34, pi. 1, posterior margin.
fig. 3. three fourths of the width margin occupies carapace
1927 — & Daranyia granulata Lorenthey Lorenthey Beurlen, and the orbits directed almost A are laterally. 251, pi. 16, fig. 11. p. flattens into slightly upturned upper orbital margin
— 1969 Daranyia granulata Lorenthey Glaessner, p. R529, fig. a wide rim across a concave front. The 337/5. slightly
anterolateral form shoulder margins an abrupt to
— and the orbits and the lateral Material Lectotype, a carapace (MAFI E298) margins converge slightly
material: EF-29.1-4 EK-29.1-7 A rim bounds the new [M.91-215], to acute posterior angles. narrow
little than the [M.91-216], EGF-13.1 [M.91-218], EBM-7.1 posterior margin which is a wider furrow is marked lineof [M.91-217]. front.The cervical by a pits
— the midline thirds Remarks The description and figure (Lorenthey, where it crosses some two distant
this with from the it and it 1929; Glaessner, 1969) depicts species a front, broadens deepens as curves weakly bilobed front and massive forwardly directed sharply outwards to the margin. Tumid, ovate epi-
in line with the orbits. The of 'supraorbital' spines; recently collected specimens, gastric lobes are tip
The front the anterior this not to be the case. as however, prove parallel-sided mesogastric process
of the round the of the frontal the now known occupies five sixths carapace extends edge elevation;
lobe is less confluent width and is entire, the median third being weakly triangular mesogastric more or
the outer thirds in with lobe. The extremities of convex, concave, terminating a a quadrate urogastric
sharp, inner orbital spine; it is lined with spiny the epimeral adductor muscle scars are marked by
which small and crowded A the granules are medially pits. steep round-topped ridge across subpen-
and becoming larger and wider apart laterally. Wide, tagonal cardiac region metabranchial lobes is
directed almost 50° the tubercles the cardiac circular orbits are at to heightened by two on region.
defined the thin orbital has There is tubercle on the midline and upper margin a a weakly hepatic
with each long shallow notch immediately alongside the base regions and these, one on protogastric
of flattened next to form behind the median tuber- a narrow, supraorbital spine lobe, a curve front; a
and which is a small outer orbital spine. Then follow the cle occurs shortly behind them another, minute,
six lateral in size behind the fine crowd spines diminishing posteriorly as hepatic ones. Very granules 90
the 'shoulder' the characters above the hepatic lobeand coarser ones cover described are shared by xanthids
ofthe lobes. but divided lobes and areas protogastric generally, protogastric trans-
— in A. Milne Discussion The smaller size, flatter transverse sec- verse ridges are well developed Carpilodes
tion and wider front immediately distinguishes Pal- Edwards, 1865. The similarity is particularly striking
bittneri from Loren- in but here the aeograpsus Palaeograpsus loczyanus Carpilodes supernodosus Rathbun, 1903, andthere is they, 1897 recorded from Facies 5 of the Szepvolgy hepatic regions are transverse and larger a
Formation; the wider front also distinguishes it from median sigmoid extension to the epibranchial lobe;
1981 and the in S. Palaeograpsus bartonensis Quayle & Collins, corresponding area is damaged rigida.
Palaeograpsus depressus Quayle & Collins, 1981 fromthe
Bartonian of England. Palaeograpsus guerini Via, 1969 Superfamily Ocypodoidea Rafinesque, 1815
(Middle Lutetian, Spain) is similar in outline, but the Family Retroplumidae Gill, 1894
short median sulcus and is less Genus Collins & front has a produced; Costacopluma Morris,
the furrow is 1975 also, cervical more pronounced.
Genus nov. gen. — Collins & Sculptoplax Type species Costacopluma concava Morris,
1975, by original designation. Range: Late Cre- Derivation of name — With reference to the strongly taceous-Eocene. sculptured dorsal surface.
— Type species Sculptoplax rigida sp. nov.
— ? Diagnosis Regions are strongly demarcated by Costacopluma sp.
ridges. PI. 8, Fig. 14
Material — A and external fragmentary carapace Sculptoplax rigida sp. nov. mould (EK-34.1 [M.91-229]). PL 8, Fig. 13; text-fig. 5g — the median of the Description Only parts carapace
Derivation — With reference the is of name to strongly are preserved; the surface characterised by strong,
dorsal surface. ridged sharp transverse ridges, of which a pair of U-shaped
— As for Diagnosis genus. ones occur on the protogastric lobes; a second ridge
Material — the and Holotype, a fragmentary carapace is straight on branchial regions slightly
and EK-32.2 the cardiac third (EK-32.1 [M.91-228]) paratype V-shaped on region, a ridge run-
[M.91-228]. ning subparallel to the second is anteriorly directed
the median ofthe Description —Only portion carapace in its median part. There is a longitudinal ridge on
remains; it was probably subovate in outline, some- the mesogastric lobe. The dorsal surface is smooth.
than There — what broader is a Discussion The well the long. deep U-shaped species may belong to
notch in the bilobed front strongly which is a little in Retroplumidae, being similar to Costacopluma and to
advance of inner orbital The orbits are 1894. There is sharp spines. some extent to Retropluma Gill, some
directed little the midline and their in the of the a obliquely to difference, however, arrangement
is and in the upper margin thin, upturned pierced by two ridges present specimen.
fissures. An oblique ridge surmounts nodose hepatic
regions. The base ofthe triangular mesogastric lobe is DISCUSSION transversely ridged and its narrow anterior process
extends midway between ridges running back from The fauna of the coral-bearing layer (Facies 4) of
These the Limestone is characteristic the frontal margin. ridges are constricted Szepvolgy very
beforerecurving onto the protogastric lobes. Epi- and because, in all probability, it does not share any
and with the coeval Dis- mesobranchial ridges are almost parallel the species overlying, practically
Limestone The mesobranchial lobe is in line with a wide ridged cocyclinid (Facies 5). typical
urogastric lobe. The cardiacregion is depressed ante- decapod assemblage of the latter facies consists of
and have been rounded. riorly appears to broadly raninids, Calappilia, Micromaia, Periacanthus, Phry-
There is of the base of the nolambrus with the of Micro- a pair gastric pits at meso- etc., which, exception
lobe and line the and absent from Facies 4. most of the gastric granules hepatic proto- maia, are Thus,
herein be gastric ridges. species dealt with may regarded as truly
Discussion — There does be of them commensals not appear to any compa- coral-associated, some even as rable species described in the fossil record. Several of with living corals. Tetralia loerentheyi, at least, may be 91
maximum width orchela its rela- Table 2. Species according to carapace suspected of such commensalism, as living length. The number of tives are obligate commensals. high
of modern coral- xanthoids is characteristic any 10-20 20 under 10 mm mm over mm associated fauna. The number of dynomenids and dromiids reflect the Total in Facies 4 18 16 15 (together 7) may geological age.
The of six, Facies 4 shared presence five, perhaps porcellanid spe-
of the and three with extra-Hungarian cies (about 10 per cent total) gala-
localities - - 9 theid species is also peculiar when compared with
Total in Facies 5 - 5 17 modern communites. We bring to notice that
and Facies 5 shared Dromioidea Galatheoidea play an important with extra-Hungarian role in Mesozoic and Danian (Early Palaeocene) localities - 1 12 coral reef-like communities. sponge and bearing
4 shares The Priabonian fauna of Facies a remarkably low number of species with most other ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Lutetian European localities. exception are the M. We extend our grateful thanks to Drs J. Forest, and Priabonian faunas of Sicily, described by di de Saint Laurent and L. Via for their valuable Salvo (1933) and Checchia-Rispoli (1905). Of the in advice and for allowing access to collections their 17 described species, the following nine are present thanks also S.L. who care; our go to Jakobsen, in the Hungarian fauna: Palaeomunida defecta, kindly sent Danian specimens for comparison, to Dr Cyamocarcinus angustifrons, Gemmellarocarcinus W. Studenki and Mr S.F. Morris, who made many loerentheyi, Daira eocaenica (differing at subspecies useful the text, to Mme A. sim- suggestions regarding level), Phlyctenodes krenneri, ?JP. hantkeni, Galenopsis Ciszewska, who kindly drew the text-figures and to ilis, Lobogalenopsis quadrilobata, and Titanocarcinus Messrs S.R. Collins, A.W. Janssen and J.W.M. Jagt kochii. for assistance with word-processing. A substantial northern Species shared with localities in Italy from the Fund of the Asso- grant Curry Geologists' (Via, 1969; Busilini et ai, 1983) are: Cyamocarcinus accorded facilitate ciation London was J.S.H.C. to angustifrons, Neptocarcinus millenaris and Galenopsis sim- field work in Micromaia Hungary. ilis, and from Catalonia (Via, 1969) only
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