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XXIV APRIL, J909 No. 4 A ROUND OF GOLF With Seymour Dunn Professional to the Lake Placid Golf Club PART II. Proceeding to our mashie shot, we otherwise the wrist would bend or now find our ball lying well, but in give in an undesirable manner at the the hollow of an undulation, some moment of impact, and thus complete- sixty yards or so from the green, and ly ruin the stroke. owing to the irregular nature of the As the muscles on one side of the ground between us and the hole, we forearm cause the wrist to bend one must pitch our approach on to the way, so do the muscles on the op- green with very little run on the ball posite side of the forearm cause the after it alights. wrist to bend the other way. There- In playing the stroke simply take fore all the wrist controlling muscles the ball up clean, do not try to put should be tensified to prevent the wrist on any fancy cut or back spin ; the from giving under the force of the club will put on all the back spin stroke. The wrists, of course, must act that is required, and if sufficiently laid to perform their part of the swing, but back it will pitch the ball high, which their greatest work is to prevent un- will drop consequently corresponding- desirable wrist action. A firm grip ly dead. then is most essential, especially at In approach work do not exagger- the moment of impact, as it tensifies ate the wrist action; wrist work is the muscles controlling the wrists, as ivhat ice require more than wrist well as preventing any chance of the action. club turning in the hands. This may be very vague to many, So much for the wrist work, now so I will explain its meaning. for their proper action. As the various wrist actions are It seems to be generally supposed controlled by various muscles in the that the wrists swing the club away forearm, all muscles controlling the from, and back to the ball in the wrist's actions must be made taut to a short swings. This is a wrong im- certain extent to steady the wrist, pression, as m our best players the Copyright, iqnq, by ARTIU'R POTTOVV. All lights reserved. ~~~ io8 A ROUND OF GOLF WITH SEYMOUR DUNN converts the vertical wrist and arm action into a correct elliptical golf- ing swing. In the case of the short swings we have very little turning of the shoul- ders, not sufficient to perform the necessary lateral action of the club's swing. Nevertheless there is a later- al action or curve, which is nearly if not fully as long as in the full swing, yet not a hair's breadth of it is pro- H duced by any sideway bending of the wrists, but by the two forearms turn- ing in the elbow joints. (Note: Not bending in the elbow joints, but the forearm bones twisting in the elbow 1 sockets.) The forearm twist, which chiefly produces the lateral curve, is of course assisted by the turning of the shoulders, and the shorter the swing ADDRESSING THE BALL MASHIE SHOT wrists do not act in any manner what- soever to cause the club head to be swung away from the ball in a later- al, or horizontal manner. The wrist action is directly and solely a vertical one, identically the same as in the full swing. The manner in which the lateral curve is produced in the short swing, however, is different to the manner in which it is produced in the full swing, and to understand this differ- ence you will have to follow me close- ly. Those who read my articles on the full swing in the November, Decem- ber. January and February, 1907 and TOP OF SWING FULL MASHIE SHOT Note the complete turn of the shoul- 1908, issues of this magazine, will ders which lias alone accomplished tn« lateral curve also that the wrists have understand how the lateral curve cre- performed fully as much vertical action as in the full swing while the arms have ated by the turning of the shoulders only partly assisted. •~ A ROUND OF GOLF WITH SEYMOUR DUNN I'fj the less the shoulders turn, and the in the full swing. This is occasioned more the forearms twist in the elbow by the arms not acting to such an sockets to produce the lateral action extent at the shoulder joint as in the or curve. full swing; the wrists nevertheless It must be borne in mind I have ab- perform fully as much vertical action solutely no reference as to what may as in the full suing, and thus we have be done in wrist bending in the pre- our short swings composed almost liminary waggles while addressing the entirely of vertical wrist action, the ball. 1 am speaking of what actually vertical arm action being almost inac- does, and should, take place during tive, and the vertical wrist action is the swing, including the final hack converted into an elliptical swing by swing, and what our best players act- the forearms twisting in the elbow ually do. So let it he clearly under- sockets, while the shoulders, like the Stood, that you should mi no account arms, are very nearly inactive. try to swing the club away from, and I may add that [ am not speaking back to the hall by bending the wrists of the little chip shot, which a great in any manner sideways, as you would many (and wisely, too) perform al- be placing yourself at a very great most entirely with a sideway wrist ac- disadvantage by doing so, because you tion. I am at present dealing only could not obtain sufficient power in that manner, and to attempt to swing the club by a sideway wrist action in company with the turning of the shoulders, or any other lateral curve producing action would simply pro- duce a hideous muddle of affairs. To resume then: first the slight turning of the shoulders should, and naturally will, start the club head away from the ball, and to a certain ex- tent produce the lateral curve of the club's course. But the twisting or turning of the forearms in the elbow sockets is what chiefly creates the lat- eral curve, while the wrist action is purely a vertical one which is part- ly converted into a lateral action, owing to the twist of the forearms at the elbow joint changing their course of action. Nevertheless so far as the wrists are concerned, their action re- mains throughout the swing purely an up and down one. See illustration FINISH OF PULL MASHIB SHOT In the approach shots the swings Note complete shoulder and wrist action while the arm action lias only raised the arc a very much smaller ellipse than lian.ls twelve Inches or so.

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