2019-07-02

Chris Hopkinson1, Stefan Kienzle1, Stew Rood1, Dave Sauchyn2, Larry Flanagan1, Laura Chasmer1 Brian Brisco3, Adam Collingwood4 1: University of , Lethbridge, AB. 2: University of Regina, Regina, SK. 3: Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON. 4: Parks Canada, Waterton, AB.

Credit: Thomas Porter

Hopkinson et al, 2019 http://artemis-lab.strikingly.com/ Water Innovation Forum

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Outline Program components Monitoring examples Kenow Fire expansion Multispectral lidar facility

Note: summarising ~ 20 conference presentations so this is a high level overview

Hopkinson et al, 2019 Water Innovation Forum

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Westcastle WIP program components

Water resource assessment & scaling methods Remote sensing-based snow & runoff monitoring New vegetation monitoring procedures Changing headwater attributes Land cover change and controls Climate change impacts on runoff Post-Kenow fire landscape recovery Multi-scale landcover regeneration trajectories Spatio-temporal shifts in snowpack, ET & melt

Hopkinson et al, 2019 Water Innovation Forum

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Study Watershed Infrastructure

Ridge Syncline Chutes NW SE

Mid Mountain NE Valley

Barnaby SW

U of L WFS Stream Gauge

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2019-07-02 http://artemis.uleth.ca:8080/CastleMet/index.html

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Southeast view Ridge into Valley http://artemis.uleth.ca:8080/CastleMet/index.html

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Snowpack monitoring array & depth/density validation

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Airborne LiDAR snow depth monitoring

Objective Better understand snowpack controls

Can snowpack depth be modeled from flight line sampling & machine learning?

Targeting mid - late winter accumulation & early ablation period

Hopkinson et al, 2019 Water Innovation Forum

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Aspect Elevation

Terrain morphology Canopy cover

Credit: Kelsey Cartwright, MSc 10

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Snowpack depth spatial imputation model drivers

Random Forest model input data layers

Credit: Kelsey Cartwright, M.Sc. Hopkinson et al, 2019 Water Innovation Forum

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Snow depth models binned by elevation class

Aggregate elevation 2 LiDAR vs RF depth 1.8 RMSE < 0.2m 1.6 r2 > 0.8 1.4 1.2 1

0.8 Snow Depth (m) Snow Depth 0.6 0.4 0.2

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2000 1700 2300 2600 Elevation m asl LiDAR RF RF SDev LiDAR SDev

Credit: Kelsey Cartwright, M.Sc. Hopkinson et al, 2019 Water Innovation Forum

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SAR mountain snow surface melt monitoring

February 2017 April 2017 June 2017 Raw SAR Imagery Dry Snow Wet Snow Wet Snow

Credit: Dennis Quick, M.Sc. (in progress) Hopkinson et al, 2019 Water Innovation Forum

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SAR-based snow wetting front mapping

Dry snow invisible to C-Band SAR

As water content increases, scattering changes from volume to surface

Last Month with snow melt March 22 2017 April 15 2017 May 9 2017 June 2 2017 June 26 2017

Credit: Dennis Quick, M.Sc. (in progress)

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Site-scale snow depth & cover with UAV & TLS

Credit: Thomas Porter & Celeste Barnes, PhD (ABD) 15

Time series terrestrial lidar snow surface profiles

03-04 100m along valley 04-09 04-15 04-19 04-25 04-26 04-27

50m across valley

Credit: Thomas Porter & Celeste Barnes, PhD (ABD) 16

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In situ snow profiling with LED ranging

16 beams 45o field of view 940 nm wavelength 1Hz samples / 15 min Low cost Low power Credit: Barnes, Xi, Porter Hopkinson et al, 2019 Water Innovation Forum

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Time-series snow

depth profile Depth Depth (m)

Hopkinson et al, 2019 Water Innovation Forum

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3D canopy leaf area index with Leddar & webcam – Fusion Scanning System (FSS)

Credit: Zhouxin Xi, Ph.D Hopkinson, 2019 Water Innovation Forum

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Standard FSS hemi generated DHP hemi image

Leddar FSS 3D hemi hemi range image

Credit: Zhouxin Xi, Ph.D

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Oblique photography treeline change 1914 2006

Credit: Mountain Legacy Project Credit: Dave McCaffrey, M.Sc.

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Century-scale forest cover changes

Credit: Dave McCaffrey, M.Sc. 22

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Waterton extension of Westcastle WIP program Kenow Fire vegetation regeneration & impact on snowpack

Credit: Laura Chasmer MET & flux tower

Credit: Larry Flanagan

UAV & TLS plots Airborne & terrestrial Lidar, UAV, field plot, eddy flux & meteorological monitoring

Hopkinson et al, 2019 Water Innovation Forum

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Drone-based snowpack & vegetation monitoring Credit: Thomas Porter

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MS Lidar vegetation recovery monitoring Start: July 2018

Pseudo active NDVI

3 band lidar composite image

Active burn ratio index

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WEDC-funded Ecosystem Diagnostic Imaging Facility to support environmental monitoring & natural hazard assessment / mitigation R&D

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Thank you!

CFI NSERC LeddarTech Resort Environment & Parks Campus Alberta Innovates Program Alberta Innovates Energy Environment Solutions Canada Centre for Remote Sensing Tough Country Comms Sawback Technologies Campbell Scientific Airborne Imaging Teledyne Optech Parks Canada

HQP Trainees: Andreichuk, Aspinell, Barnes, Berry, Bexte, Cartwright, Deering, Ilich, Jones, Kerr, Kienzle, Parsons, Mahoney, McCaffrey, Montgomery, Okhrimenko, Porter, Quick, Scott, Xi

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