Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 91.529

§ 25.561(b)(3) of this chapter, or the re- wing in the area of the fuel tanks if au- quirements of the regulations under thorized by the FAA. which the was type certifi- (b) No pilot may fly under IFR into cated. Restraining devices must also known or forecast light or moderate limit sideward motion of under-seat icing conditions, or under VFR into and be designed to withstand known light or moderate icing condi- crash impacts severe enough to induce tions, unless— sideward forces specified in § 25.561(b)(3) (1) The has functioning deic- of this chapter. ing or anti-icing equipment protecting § 91.525 Carriage of cargo. each rotor blade, propeller, windshield, wing, stabilizing or control surface, (a) No may permit and each airspeed, altimeter, rate of cargo to be carried in any airplane un- climb, or flight attitude instrument less— system; (1) It is carried in an approved cargo (2) The airplane has ice protection rack, bin, or compartment installed in provisions that meet section 34 of Spe- the airplane; cial Federal Aviation Regulation No. (2) It is secured by means approved 23; or by the Administrator; or (3) The airplane meets transport cat- (3) It is carried in accordance with each of the following: egory airplane type certification provi- (i) It is properly secured by a safety sions, including the requirements for belt or other tiedown having enough certification for flight in icing condi- strength to eliminate the possibility of tions. shifting under all normally anticipated (c) Except for an airplane that has flight and ground conditions. ice protection provisions that meet the (ii) It is packaged or covered to avoid requirements in section 34 of Special possible injury to passengers. Federal Aviation Regulation No. 23, or (iii) It does not impose any load on those for transport category airplane seats or on the floor structure that ex- type certification, no pilot may fly an ceeds the load limitation for those airplane into known or forecast severe components. icing conditions. (iv) It is not located in a position (d) If current weather reports and that restricts the access to or use of briefing information relied upon by the any required emergency or regular pilot in command indicate that the exit, or the use of the aisle between the forecast icing conditions that would crew and the passenger compartment. otherwise prohibit the flight will not (v) It is not carried directly above be encountered during the flight be- seated passengers. cause of changed weather conditions (b) When cargo is carried in cargo since the forecast, the restrictions in compartments that are designed to re- paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section quire the physical entry of a crew- based on forecast conditions do not member to extinguish any fire that apply. may occur during flight, the cargo must be loaded so as to allow a crew- [Doc. No. 18334, 54 FR 34314, Aug. 18, 1989, as member to effectively reach all parts amended by Amdt. 91–310, 74 FR 62696, Dec. 1, of the compartment with the contents 2009] of a hand fire extinguisher. § 91.529 Flight engineer requirements. § 91.527 Operating in icing conditions. (a) No person may operate the fol- (a) No pilot may take off an airplane lowing without a flight crew- that has frost, ice, or snow adhering to member holding a current flight engi- any propeller, windshield, stabilizing neer certificate: or control surface; to a powerplant in- (1) An airplane for which a type cer- stallation; or to an airspeed, altimeter, tificate was issued before January 2, rate of climb, or flight attitude instru- 1964, having a maximum certificated ment system or wing, except that take- takeoff weight of more than 80,000 offs may be made with frost under the pounds.

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(2) An airplane type certificated after second in command prescribed in § 61.55 January 1, 1964, for which a flight engi- of this chapter. neer is required by the type certifi- (d) No person may operate an aircraft cation requirements. under subpart K of this part without a (b) No person may serve as a required pilot who is designated as second in flight engineer on an airplane unless, command of that aircraft in accord- within the preceding 6 calendar ance with § 91.1049(d). The second in months, that person has had at least 50 command must meet the experience re- hours of flight time as a flight engineer quirements of § 91.1053. on that type airplane or has been [Doc. No. 18334, 54 FR 34314, Aug. 18, 1989, as checked by the Administrator on that amended by Amdt. 91–280, 68 FR 54561, Sept. type airplane and is found to be famil- 17, 2003] iar and competent with all essential current information and operating pro- § 91.533 require- cedures. ments. (a) No person may operate an air- § 91.531 Second in command require- plane unless at least the following ments. number of flight attendants are on (a) Except as provided in paragraph board the airplane: (b) and (d) of this section, no person (1) For airplanes having more than 19 may operate the following airplanes but less than 51 passengers on board, without a pilot who is designated as one flight attendant. second in command of that airplane: (2) For airplanes having more than 50 (1) A large airplane, except that a but less than 101 passengers on board, person may operate an airplane certifi- two flight attendants. cated under SFAR 41 without a pilot (3) For airplanes having more than who is designated as second in com- 100 passengers on board, two flight at- mand if that airplane is certificated for tendants plus one additional flight at- operation with one pilot. tendant for each unit (or part of a unit) (2) A turbojet-powered multiengine of 50 passengers above 100. airplane for which two pilots are re- (b) No person may serve as a flight quired under the type certification re- attendant on an airplane when required quirements for that airplane. by paragraph (a) of this section unless (3) A commuter category airplane, that person has demonstrated to the except that a person may operate a pilot in command familiarity with the commuter category airplane notwith- necessary functions to be performed in standing paragraph (a)(1) of this sec- an emergency or a situation requiring tion, that has a passenger seating con- emergency evacuation and is capable of figuration, excluding pilot seats, of using the emergency equipment in- nine or less without a pilot who is des- stalled on that airplane. ignated as second in command if that airplane is type certificated for oper- § 91.535 Stowage of food, beverage, ations with one pilot. and passenger service equipment (b) The Administrator may issue a during aircraft movement on the letter of authorization for the oper- surface, takeoff, and . ation of an airplane without compli- (a) No operator may move an aircraft ance with the requirements of para- on the surface, take off, or land when graph (a) of this section if that air- any food, beverage, or tableware fur- plane is designed for and type certifi- nished by the operator is located at cated with only one pilot station. The any passenger seat. authorization contains any conditions (b) No operator may move an aircraft that the Administrator finds necessary on the surface, take off, or land unless for safe operation. each food and beverage tray and seat (c) No person may designate a pilot back tray table is secured in its stowed to serve as second in command, nor position. may any pilot serve as second in com- (c) No operator may permit an air- mand, of an airplane required under craft to move on the surface, take off, this section to have two pilots unless or land unless each passenger serving that pilot meets the qualifications for cart is secured in its stowed position.

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