JUNE 2021 jom.tms.org
An official publication of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
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About the Cover The cover image for this issue depicts a collage of screenshots taken from technical presentations, networking JO events, and awards ceremonies held during the TMS 2021 5700 Corporate Drive Virtual Annual Meeting & Exhibition (TMS2021 Virtual), Suite 750 held March 15-18, 2021. Three articles in this issue present Pittsburgh, PA 15237 just some of the many highlights of this historic meeting— USA the first fully virtual installment of the TMS annual meeting Phone: 1-724-776-9000 and the 150th anniversary meeting of TMS and the Web: jom.tms.org American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum E-Mail: [email protected] Engineers (AIME), TMS’s parent organization. Publisher for TMS James J. Robinson, Executive Director Operations Management Matt Baker, Department Head, Content June 2021 Guest Editors JOM: The Journal 100 Years of the Griffith Fracture Criteria Processing-Microstructure-Property Justin Scott, Nanomechanical Materials Behavior; Relationships in Additive Manufacturing Principal Editor; Department Mechanical Behavior of Materials Committee of Ti Alloys Head, Research, Engagement, Megan Cordill, Erich Schmid Institute Titanium Committee Data, and Information of Materials Science Rongpei Shi, Lawrence Livermore National Maureen Byko, Jennifer Carter, Case Western Reserve University Laboratory Editor Michael Gram, Titanium Metals Corporation Advances in Process Metallurgy Yufeng Zheng, University of Nevada-Reno Kelly Markel, Hydrometallurgy and Electrometallurgy Committee Publications Coordinator Hong (Marco) Peng, University of Queensland Pyrometallurgical Processing of Secondary JOM: The Magazine Kerstin Forsberg, KTH Royal Institute of Technology Resources Lynne Robinson, Pyrometallurgy Committee Multiscale Experiments and Modeling in M Akbar Rhamdhani, Swinburne University Department Head, Strategic Biomaterials and Biological Materials Communications and Outreach of Technology Biomaterials Committee Stuart Nicol, Glencore Technology Kaitlin Calva, Jing Du, Penn State University Magazine Managing Editor Dinesh Katti, North Dakota State University Cheryl M. Geier, Hendrik Heinz, University of Colorado Boulder Senior Graphic Designer About JOM: Contributing Writers The scope of JOM (ISSN 1047-4838) encompasses publicizing news about TMS and its members and Ashley-Anne Bohnert, stakeholder communities while publishing meaningful peer-reviewed materials science and engineering content. Outreach and External Communications Lead That content includes groundbreaking laboratory discoveries, the effective transition of science into technology, innovative industrial and manufacturing developments, resource and supply chain issues, improvement and Megan Enright, innovation in processing and fabrication, and life-cycle and sustainability practices. In fulfilling this scope,JOM Promotions and Editorial Assistant strives to balance the interests of the laboratory and the marketplace by reporting academic, industrial, and Ann Ritchie, government-sponsored work from around the world. Technical Communications Specialist About TMS: Kelly Zappas, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS) is a professional organization that encompasses the entire range Membership News and of materials and engineering, from minerals processing and primary metals production to basic research and the Communications Lead advanced applications of materials. Graphics Support Publishing Information: David Rasel, JOM is an official publication of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and is owned by the Society. Media Manager TMS has granted Springer the exclusive right and license to produce, publish, archive, translate, and sell JOM Bob Demmler, throughout the world. Publication Frequency: 12 issues per year. Graphic Designer Springer, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY, 10013-1578, USA Advertising Contact [email protected] JOM articles from 1949 to the present are archived at http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/11837. for information. Secure Copyright Permission: Submit permission requests at http://www.springer.com/rights?SGWID=0-122-12-372399-0 Postmaster: Send address changes to: JOM, Springer, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA. Periodicals postage paid at New York, NY and additional mailing offices. I’VE SPECIALIZED FOR 42 YEARS in the placement of Metallurgical, Materials, and Welding Engineers in the areas of R&D, Q.C. Production, Sales & Marketing, nationwide. Thanks to our TMS2021 Virtual My background as a Exhibitors & Sponsors! Met. Eng. can help you! ● Advanced Dynamics ● KLA Corporation ● AIME ● Light Metal Age Salaries to $190K. ● AlCircle Pte Ltd ● Malvern Panalytical Fees paid by Company. ● AMAZEMET Sp. Z o.o. ● REEL GmbH ● Bruker ● Robo-Met | UES, Inc. 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Volume 73
Number 6 JO table of contents June 2021 JOM: THE MAGAZINE
1553: In the Final Analysis: James J. Robinson 1563: Keynotes and Featured Talks at TMS2021 VIRTUAL: Kelly Zappas, Ann Ritchie, 1554: TMS Member News: Material Advantage Member Receives Georgia Tech Honors; and Kaitlin Calva Discover Member Benefits from TMS; 1569: Networking Events and Awards Welcome New Members Ceremonies at TMS2021 VIRTUAL: Kelly Zappas, Ann Ritchie, and Kaitlin Calva 1558: In Case You Missed It: Business News from the Field 1574: A Multitude of Thanks for the TMS Foundation Donors: Kaitlin Calva 1559: TMS2021 VIRTUAL: A First After 150 Years: Kelly Zappas 1576: TMS Meeting Headlines 1577: JOM Call for Papers
JOM: THE JOURNAL 100 Years of the Griffith Fracture Criteria 1579: Griffith’s Legacy to Alloy Design and 1597: Energy Release Rate Formulations Beyond: W. W. Gerberich, M. J. Cordill, for Non-conventional Fracture Test and J. W. Carter Geometries: Tejas S. Chaudhari, 1582: Basal Plane Delamination Energy Nidhin G. Mathews, Ashwini K. Mishra, Hrushikesh P. Sahasrabuddhe, Measurement in a Ti3SiC2 MAX Phase: Oriol Gavalda-Diaz, Jack Lyons, and B. Nagamani Jaya Siyang Wang, Max Emmanuel, 1607: Impacts of Mode Mixity on Controlled Katharina Marquardt, Eduardo Saiz, Spalling of (100)-Oriented Germanium: and Finn Giuliani Jie Chen, Jason Chenenko, 1589: Fracture Energy Measurement of and Corinne E. Packard Prismatic Plane and Σ2 Boundary in 1617: Effect of Ion Irradiation on Cemented Carbide: Max Emmanuel, Nanoindentation Fracture and Oriol Gavalda-Diaz, Giorgio Sernicola, Deformation in Silicon Carbide: Rachid M’saoubi, Tomas Persson, Alexander J. Leide, Richard I. Todd, Susanne Norgren, Katharina Marquardt, and David E. J. Armstrong T. Ben Britton, and Finn Giuliani
Advances in Process Metallurgy 1629: Advances in Process Metallurgy: 1637: Structural Characteristics of Hong Peng and Kerstin Forsberg CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-FeO Slag with Various FeO Contents Based on Molecular 1631: Electrochemical Decomposition of CO 2 Shufang Ma, in a Fluoride Melt: Fengguo Liu, Aimin Liu, Dynamics Simulations: Xianwei Hu, Zhaowen Wang, Kejiang Li, Jianliang Zhang, Chunhe Jiang, and Zhongning Shi Minmin Sun, Hongtao Li, Ziming Wang, and Zhisheng Bi Table of Contents
1646: The Refining Mechanism of ZrO2-Doped 1661: Modeling and Simulation of Goethite Molybdenum Powder During the Process for Removal of Iron from Zinc Reduction Process: Chaopeng Cui Leaching Solution: Tianxiang Nan, and Xiangwei Zhu Jianguang Yang, Weizhi Zeng, Chaobo Tang, and Qingcheng Hu 1652: Use of Phytic Acid for the Removal of Iron in Hot Acidic Leachate from Zinc Hydrometallurgy: Julien Comel, Eric Meux, Nathalie Leclerc, Sebastien Diliberto, Philippe Pierrat, and Herve Muhr
Multiscale Experiments and Modeling in Biomaterials and Biological Materials 1673: Multiscale Experiments and Modeling in 1723: Recent Studies in Mechanical Properties Biomaterials and Biological Materials, of Selected Hard-Shelled Seeds: Part I: Jing Du, Dinesh Katti, A Review: Fen Du and Ting Tan and Hendrik Heinz 1736: Biotemplating of a Highly Porous 1676: Multiscale Mechanics of Eggshell and Cellulose–Silica Composite from Shell Membrane: Michelle L. Oyen Apium graveolens by a Low-Toxicity Sol–Gel Technique: Max Mroz, 1684: Differences in Interactions Within Viral Muhammad Ali, Jerry Howard, Replication Complexes of SARS-CoV-2 Krista Carlson, and Steven E. Naleway (COVID-19) and SARS-CoV Coronaviruses Control RNA Replication Ability: 1745: Fabrication and Characterization of H. M. Nasrullah Faisal, Kalpana S. Katti, Sr-doped Hydroxyapatite Porous Scaffold: and Dinesh R. Katti Ke Li, Shuiyuan Li, Fanrong Ai, Jinchao Yan, and Kui Zhou 1696: Minimal Amelogenin Domain for Enamel Formation: Shuhui Geng, Yaping Lei, 1754: The Role of Recrystallization and Local and Malcolm L. Snead Misorientation on the Biodegradation Behavior of Mg: Iniobong Etim, Wen Zhang, 1705: In Situ Observation of Fracture Behavior Tianyi Liu, Hongyang Zhao, Lili Tan, of Bamboo Culm: Linhua Zou and Ke Yang and Xiaodong Li 1765: Novel Architected Material for Cardiac 1714: Optimal Design for Higher Resistance to Patches: Juan Sebastian Rincon Tabares, Thermal Impulse: A Lesson Learned from Juan Camilo Velásquez, Hayden Bilbo, the Shells of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal-Vent Hai-Chao Han, and David Restrepo Snails: Anran Wei, Ding Yuan, Bingzhi He, Yujie Xie, Andre E. Vellwock, 1774: Joining of Advance Engineering Jin Sun, and Haimin Yao Thermoplastic Using Novel Self-Heated FSW Tool: Rahul Kanti Nath, Pabitra Maji, and John Deb Barma
Processing-Microstructure-Property Relationships in Additive Manufacturing of Ti Alloys 1786: Microstructure and Texture of 1804: A Review on Additive Manufacturing Thin-Walled Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Seamless of Titanium Alloys for Aerospace Tubing Manufactured by Cold-Rotary Applications: Directed Energy Deposition Swaging: Lihong Yuan, Wenrui Wang, and Beyond Ti-6Al-4V: Zhiying Liu, Bei He, Mengyao Yang, Yun Li, Hao Zhang, Tianyi Lyu, and Yu Zou Hui Zhang, and Wangfeng Zhang 1819: Influence of Process Parameters on 1795: Three-Dimensional Characterization of Mechanical and Corrosion Behavior of Selective Laser Melted Graphene DED-Processed Biomedical Oxide-Reinforced Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb Alloy: Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta Alloy: Xing Zhang, Dian Li, Yiliang Liao, Mohan Sai Kiran Kumar Yadav Nartu, and Yufeng Zheng David Flannery, Sangram Mazumder, Srinivas A. Mantri, Sameehan S. Joshi, Aditya V. Ayyagari, Brandon McWilliams, Kyu Cho, Narendra B. Dahotre, and Rajarshi Banerjee Table of Contents
Pyrometallurgical Processing of Secondary Resources 1828: Microwave-Based Approach to 1899: Implications of Direct Use of Slag from Recovering Zinc from Electric Arc Ironmaking Processes as Molten Oxide Furnace Dust Using Silicon Powder Electrolyte: Samuel Martín-Treceño, as a Non-carbonaceous Reductant: Antoine Allanore, Catherine M. Bishop, Nobuyuki Mizuno, Shoki Kosai, Aaron T. Marshall, and Matthew J. Watson and Eiji Yamasue 1909: Influence of Industrial Wastes 1836: Extraction of Sc from Sc-Bearing V–Ti and Different Fluxes on Hot Metal Magnetite Tailings: Junhui Xiao, Kai Zou, Desulfurization Efficiency: Tao Chen, Yang Peng, Wei Ding, Elton Volkers do Espírito Santo, Jinhua Chen, Bing Deng, Hong Li, Silas Gambarine Soares, and Zhen Wang Heitor Cristo Clem de Oliveira, Eduardo Junca, Felipe Fardin Grillo, 1845: Modification of Phosphorous Enrichment and José Roberto de Oliveira Behaviours in Steelmaking Slags Based on Phase Transformations: Yongqi Sun, 1919: Clean Preparation of High-Purity Silicon Mao Chen, Xiaodong Ma, Zhixing Zhao, from Rice Husk Ash by a Modified Tim Evans, and Baojun Zhao Metallurgical Method: Jian Kong, Donghui Wei, Pengfei Xing, Yanxin Zhuang, 1853: Thermodynamic and Experimental Xing Jin, and Kaikai Ye Analyses of the Carbothermic Reduction of Tungsten Slag: Chunfa Liao, Sui Xie, 1928: Thermal Concentration of Nickeliferous Xu Wang, Baojun Zhao, Boqing Cai, Pyrrhotite Concentrate for Nickel and Lianghui Wang Recovery Using Metallic Iron: Thermodynamic Assessments and 1861: Recovery of Zinc and Lead from Copper Effects of Process Variables: Feng Liu, Smelting Slags by Chlorination Roasting: Dawei Yu, Sam Marcuson, Xueyi Guo, Beikai Zhang, Qinmeng Wang, and Mansoor Barati Zhongchen Li, and Qinghua Tian 1937: Harmless Treatment and Valuable Metals 1871: Solubility of Palladium in Alumina-Iron Recovery of Tungsten Leaching Residues: Silicate Melts: Katri Avarmaa, A Thermodynamic and Experimental Lassi Klemettinen, Hugh O’Brien, Study: Kun Su, Xiaodong Ma, Ari Jokilaakso, Daniel Lindberg, and Baojun Zhao and Pekka Taskinen 1947: Thermodynamic Analysis and Reaction of 1878: Synthesis of Value-Added Ferrous Co O Powder with Pyrolytic Gas Derived Material from Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) 3 4 from Waste Tires With and Without Waste Slag and Spent Coffee Grounds: Polyethylene: M. Cumbul Altay Smitirupa Biswal, Farshid Pahlevani, and S. Eroglu and Veena Sahajwalla 1957: Using Chlorine Gas to Recover Rare 1889: Phase Equilibria Study of CaO-Al O -SiO - 2 3 2 Earth Metals from End-of-Life Permanent Na O Slags for Smelting Waste Printed 2 Magnets: Valery Kaplan, Ellen Wachtel, Circuit Boards: Md Khairul Islam, Konstantin Gartsman, Yishay Feldman, Michael Somerville, Mark I. Pownceby, Kyoung-Tae Park, and Igor Lubomirsky James Tardio, Nawshad Haque, and Suresh Bhargava Technical Articles Corrections 1966: Microstructure and Thickness Effects 1987: Correction to: Microstructure and Thickness on Impact Behavior and Separation Effects on Impact Behavior and Separation Formation in X70 Pipeline Steel: Formation in X70 Pipeline Steel: Emily B. Mitchell, Enrico Lucon, Emily B. Mitchell, Enrico Lucon, Laurie E. Collins, Laurie E. Collins, Amy J. Clarke, Amy J. Clarke, and Kester D. Clarke and Kester D. Clarke 1988: Correction to: Peculiarities of Intermetallic 1978: Electrochemical Dissolution Behaviors Phase Formation in the Process of a Solid of Scrap Superalloys in Different State Reaction in (Al/Cu)n Multilayer Thin Electrolytes: Long Wang, Shi-yang Wang, Films: Evgeny T. Moiseenko, Sergey M. Zharkov, Zeng-yi Song, Yuan Sun, Yi-zhou Zhou, Roman R. Altunin, Oleg V. Belousov, Xiao-yao Pei, and Hong-yu Zhang Leonid A. Solovyov, Vladimir V. Yumashev, Mikhail N. Volochaev, and Galina M. Zeer Offshore Technology Conference 2021
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JOM Vol. 73, No. 6, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04578-1https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04720-z Ó 2021 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society LQWKHÀQDODQDO\VLV JO “When I’m on the couch, I usually have the TV on and my MacBook Air nearby. Volume 73 And sometimes, when my ADD is really kicking in, I have my iPad too. And my iPhone. And a magazine that I haven’t gotten to. And a book under the pillow to my left.” Number 6 — Aubrey Plaza June 2021
Print or digital, we love to read, but the way that we read has changed a lot over the 37 years since I was hired by TMS to work on the Journal of Metals. A lot about JOM has changed as well . . . we had a name change, we migrated from analog to digital production, we designed a content-rich website for the journal and then modernized, re-modernized, and re-modernized that site, we ceased in-house publishing and partnered with Springer to put every issue of JOM within a few-clicks of every corner of the planet, and we went from monthly mailings of issues with an average of 72 pages to issues with an average of a few hundred pages. JOM has gone from a feature-rich newsstand magazine format to a predominantly scholarly journal format. This shift of focus over time is partially attributable to our partnership with Springer, to the growing necessity in the professional community to publish, to the hard work of countless YROXQWHHUHGLWRULDODGYLVRUVWRJURZTXDOLW\DQGWRWKHH൵RUWVRIDVHDVRQHGVWD൵HGLWRULDOWHDP JOM has evolved into a very desirable journal in which to publish. It brings both prestige and revenue to TMS, but I grant that the heavy shift to a focus on technical papers means that James J. Robinson JOMPD\QRWKDYHDVPXFKÀDYRUHFFHQWULFLW\HQJDJHDELOLW\RUMHQHVDLVTXRLDVLWXVHGWR Executive Director 9ROXQWHHUOHDGHUVKLSDQGVWD൵VHHDQRSSRUWXQLW\WRFRQWLQXHJOM’s evolution. So, starting with next month’s July 2021 issue, we will begin a six-month transition in publishing formats @JJRofTMS GHVLJQHGWRKHOSXVUHWDLQWKHEHQH¿WVRIWKHFXUUHQWSXEOLFDWLRQZKLOHSURYLGLQJPHPEHUV a “touch of TMS” via a revamped publication format and delivery model. We believe that PHPEHUVZLOO¿QGWKHFKDQJHVERWKSUDFWLFDODQGHQJDJLQJ7KHUHDUHWZR³VFRRSV´WRWKLVVWRU\ Scoop One: As of next month’s issue, we are no longer printing and mailing copies of JOM DVDPHPEHUEHQH¿W:RZ7KDWVRXQGVOLNHELJQHZVEXWLWLVQRW5HDOO\2QO\DERXW “Volunteer of TMS members eligible to have JOM mailed to them are actually receiving print copies. leadership and The great majority of members are “opting out” of receiving the print mailing with the vast VWD௺VHHDQ majority of accesses to JOM being either through SpringerLink access or through the TMS website. Why the diminishing interest in print? Lots of reasons, notably we are becoming opportunity to a community of e-readers and downloaders. Compound that with JOM’s tendency to land continue JOM’s in mailboxes with the heft and subtlety of a cement block. The average issue has about 40 technical papers. Printing and mailing these issues is neither reader nor carbon friendly. evolution. So, Objectively, papers are available earlier online than in print, are searchable as PDFs, and are starting with next HDV\WR¿QGYLDWKH6SULQJHU/LQNVHDUFKER[6XEMHFWLYHO\KXQGUHGVRISDJHVRIWHFKQLFDO papers also mean that the 40 or so pages of compelling TMS member news and features month’s July 2021 contained within the “Magazine” section are easy to overlook. So, . . . issue, we will Scoop Two: While the full JOM (the “Magazine” and the “Journal”) will continue to be begin . . . ” presented in its monthly entirety on SpringerLink, in January 2022 we will start print delivery to all professional members of JOM: The Magazine. This excerpt from the larger journal will continue to showcase Society news, activities, and members while providing features on how PDWHULDOVDUHDGYDQFLQJDQGLPSURYLQJRXUZRUOG,EHOLHYHWKDW706PHPEHUVZLOO¿QGWKH JOM: The Magazine mailing to be properly sized and engagingly crafted. Most importantly, it will help keep members connected and involved with our unique TMS membership network and culture. We are much more than a series of impact factors and transactions. Is printing and mailing JOM: The Magazine a retro move? I don’t think so. I sense that actress Aubrey Plaza has it right by characterizing herself, and us by extension, as media omnivores. There’s a place for JOM on the couch via your tablet, your laptop, your phone, and as a magazine sitting on your cushion waiting to be opened. There is no favored solution, only every solution. 1553 Table of Contents
JOM Vol. 73, No. 6, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04578-1https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04721-y Ó 2021 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society Material Advantage Member Receives JO Georgia Tech Honors; Discover Member themagazine Benefits from TMS; Welcome New Members Lily Tursaski Awarded Engineering Cup from Georgia Tech Material Advantage member Lily Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) Turaski, a senior at the Georgia Institute and MSE Peer Partners Organization, and of Technology (Georgia Tech), was further participates in various outreach awarded the Davidson Family Tau programs and activities to get local K–12 Beta Pi Senior Engineering Cup, the students interested in science, technology, highest honor bestowed by Georgia engineering, and math (STEM). Upon Tech’s College of Engineering. The Cup, graduating, Turaski will begin her Ph.D. in which recognizes academic excellence, materials science engineering at Stanford leadership, and service, is supported University, with funding by a fellowship by the family of Narl Davidson, from the National Science Foundation. past associate dean at the College of Turaski has been a member of Material Engineering, and Tau Beta Pi, a national Advantage since 2017, recently serving as honor society for engineers. her chapter’s vice president. In 2021, she At Georgia Tech, Turaski is a Stamps received the TMS Functional Materials Lily Turaski President’s Scholar and received the 2019 Division Gilbert Chin Scholarship as Goldwater Scholarship. She created two ZHOODV¿UVWSODFHLQWKH706%HVW3DSHU student groups at Georgia Tech, Women in Contest – Undergraduate.
Explore Your Member Benefits Just for Your TMS membership is a great • Journals: As a TMS member, you Students way to stay connected—with your have electronic access to more than If you are about colleagues around the world, with the 20 technical journals from TMS and to graduate or have ODWHVWGHYHORSPHQWVLQ\RXU¿HOGDQG our publishing partner Springer. Log graduated in the last with topics of current interest to your in to start reading. year, take advantage community. Log in to members.tms.org • Online Libraries: Explore more of the TMS Recent and spend a few minutes testing out a than 4,500 technical articles and Graduate membership PHPEHUEHQH¿W\RXKDYHQRWWULHGEHIRUH documents through the TMS Member program. Designed to such as: Library, the AIME Digital Library, make TMS membership • Membership Directory: There are and the Superalloys Conference series affordable during the plenty of TMS members you’ve early years of your archive. career, one year of QHYHUPHW²¿QGRQHVZKRVKDUH Members can access any of these professional membership your technical interest and introduce resources by logging in to the Access after graduation is free. yourself. 0HPEHU%HQH¿WVVHFWLRQRIWKH706 For the second and third • Webinar Library: Sign up for a website at members.tms.org. While there, years after graduation, live, upcoming webinar or view past UHPHPEHUWRXSGDWH\RXUPHPEHUSUR¿OH the cost of membership R൵HULQJVDW\RXUOHLVXUH²DOOIUHHWR with any changes to contact information or is just $60, half the cost members. technical interests. of professional member dues. To apply, fill out the recent graduate membermember newsnews membership form found Share the good news about your professional accomplishments! Contact Kaitlin Calva, on the Recent Graduate JOM Magazine Managing Editor, at [email protected]. Please note that only news link at www.tms.org /Membership. Forms submitted by current TMS members will be considered. can be returned to [email protected].
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Material Advantage Member Receives Georgia Tech Honors; Discover Member Benefi ts from TMS; Welcome New Members 1555
Make a Commitment to Safety in June Did you know that June is National JOM preview article Safety Month, as dedicated by the U.S. about the meeting. “I am National Safety Council? Make a plan hoping that this event WRDWWHQGWKH¿UVW&RQJUHVVRQ6DIHW\LQ will allow participants to Engineering and Industry (Safety Congress equally share successes 2021) in honor of this month-long and challenges with the awareness event. Safety Congress 2021 objective of everyone collaborating and is scheduled for November 1–3, in Fort partnering to make the work environment Worth, Texas. Advance registration rates VDIHULQFOXGLQJDWWKHXQLYHUVLW\OHYHO´ are available through September 20. Additionally, two professional Geared toward leaders, managers, and GHYHORSPHQWR൵HULQJVDUHSODQQHG safety professionals seeking to expand for October 31—Process Safety in their skill sets and gain cutting-edge Engineering and Industry Course and knowledge, attendees will learn best &HUWL¿HG0LQH6DIHW\3URIHVVLRQDO practices through dozens of experts, (CMSP) Examination. Learn more about ¿YHSOHQDU\VHVVLRQVDQGLQWHUDFWLYH these programs and register today at breakout sessions. The program will www.safetycongress.org. cover areas such as: Operational, Process, 6DIHW\&RQJUHVVLVWKH¿UVW and Project Safety; Safety Management; FRPELQHGH൵RUWRIHLJKWSURIHVVLRQDO System Design and Implementation; societies and the National Academies (൵HFWLYH8VHRI'DWD0HWULFV DQGPRUH to collaborate on safety successes and “I believe that a challenge for most challenges. The United Engineering industries and companies may be how Foundation, the McElhattan Foundation, WRH൵HFWLYHO\OHDUQIURPWKHSDVW´VDLG and the National Academies’ Gulf Roland Moreau, program chair for Research Program have also provided Safety Congress 2021, in a January 2020 support for the event.
TMS Welcomes New Members The TMS Board of Directors approved professional membership for the following individuals at its March 2021 meeting. Please join us in congratulating and welcoming them to all the privileges and benefits of TMS membership. Abu-Zahra, Nidal H.; Balazsi, Katalin; Hungarian Bruns, Edward; United States Colligan, Grant T.; United University of Wisconsin- Academy of Sciences, States Burciaga-Diaz, Oswaldo; Milwaukee, United Hungary Instituto Tecnológico de States Coudert, Lucie; Universite Balila, Nagamani Jaya; Saltillo, Mexico du Quebec en Abitibi- Adams, Thomas; Naval Max Planck Institut für Burke, Michael; Electric Temiscamingue, Surface Warfare Center, Eisenforschung, India Power Research Institute, Canada United States Bao, Sarina; SINTEF United States Dandekar, Yogesh; Ajantiwalay, Tanvi; United Materials & Chemistry, Campbell, Jeff; Materion, Cummins College of States Norway United States Engineering for Women Nagpur, India Bartles, Dean L.; Carden, Sean; Vesuvius, Alarifi, Ibrahim M.; Manufacturing Technology United Kingdom Davis, Robert F.; Carnegie Majmaah University, Deployment Group, United Mellon University, Saudi Arabia Chava, Venkata S.N.; United States United States States Ali, Yahia; University of Bates, Jeffrey S.; University of De Luca, Anthony; EMPA, Queensland, Australia Chen, Jiang; Australian Utah, United States National University, Switzerland Bair, Jacob; Oklahoma Belen-Cordero, Daphne S.; Australia Dechent, Matthias; State University, United Naval Nuclear Laboratory, Choi, Jungwoo; Samsung Trimet Aluminium SE, States United States Electronics, South Korea Germany Balachandran, Anusha; Bolen, Janice; Hatch Ltd., Choi, Sungyeol; KAIST, South Dietrich, Rob; United United States Canada Korea States Table of Contents
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Dion-Martin, Olivier; Gu, Wendy; Stanford Kumar, Anil; Los Alamos Ma, Guang; Global Energy Dynamic Concept, University, United States National Laboratory, Internet Research Canada United States Institute Co. Ltd., China Haselhuhn, Amberlee; Dou, Zhihe; Northeastern General Motors R&D, Labukas, Jospeh P.; Ma, Jie; Shanghai Jiao University, China United States U.S. Army Research Tong University, China Laboratory, United States Durandet, Yvonne C.; Hayamizu, Yuhei; Tokyo Maddalena, Roger; Swinburne University of Institute of Technology, LaLonde, Aaron D.; U.S. Thermo Fisher Technology, Australia Japan Army Combat Capabilities Scientific, United States Holanda, Roseanne Barata; Development Command, Ekstroem, Kai Erik; United States Magalhaes Pereira Silva, Norwegian University of SENAI Innovation Institute Patricia F.; SENAI Science and Technology, for Mineral Technologies, Lam, Stephen; University of Innovation Institute for Norway Brazil Massachusetts Lowell, Mineral Technology, United States Elmustafa, Abdelmageed Holland, Sharniece; Brazil Washington University in A.; Old Dominion Laurencin, Cato T.; University Mahdi, Mahdi; Hatch Ltd., St. Louis, United States University, United States of Connecticut, United Canada States Etter, Thomas; Lincotek, Hong, Jae-Keun; Korea Institute of Materials Marin-Alvarado, Tanai L.; Switzerland Le Beau, Stephen E.; XPS, Canada Science, South Korea nanoMAG LLC, United Ferreira Cardoso, Alice; Huxel, Justin; United States States Mathew, James; WMG, SENAI Innovation University of Warwick, Lee, Keunho; Agency for Institute for Mineral Jacobs, Taylor Roth; United Kingdom Technologies, Brazil Los Alamos National Defense Development, South Korea McCarley, Joshua; Illinois Field, Daniel; CCDC Army Laboratory, United States Lee, Kyungtae; United States Institute of Technology, Research Laboratory, Jain, Nupur; Brown University, United States United States United States Li, Longfei; University of McDonald, Stuart; Franco, Thiago; Companhia Science and Technology Jha, Rajesh; India University of Brasileira de Alumínio Beijing, China Jiang, Quanxin; Delft Queensland, Australia (CBA), Brazil University of Technology, Li, Ling; Virginia Polytechnic McDonnell, Martin M.; U.S. Fulton, Lisa; United States Netherlands Institute and State University, United States Army-TARDEC, United Garrett, Lee; United States Kaczmarek, Peter; NSWC States Carderock, United States Li, Maxwell P.; Carnegie Geng, Xiaoxiao; University Mellon University, United McKellar, Michael; of Science and Kang, Pilgyu; George Mason States University of Idaho, Technology Beijing, University, United States United States China Li, Meimei; Argonne National Kelley, Matthew L.; University Laboratory, United States Melia, Michael A.; Sandia Gevaudan, Juan Pablo; of South Carolina, United National Laboratories, Lindvall, Mikael; AFRY, Pennsylvania State States United States Sweden University, United States Khan, Zuhair; National Litrel, Joseph; General Menon, Nalini C.; Sandia Glodowski, Robert J.; University of Science & National Laboratories, RJG Metallurgical LLC, Technology, Pakistan Dynamics Electric Boat, United States United States United States Khanikar, Prasenjit; Indian Institute of Technology Long, Alexander; Los Alamos Metcalfe, Darryl; Hatch Glover, Alexandra; Los Ltd., United States Alamos National Guwahati, India National Securities, United States Laboratory, United Kim, Hyosim; Los Alamos Milovanov, Mikhail; States National Laboratory, Lopez Anton, Ricardo; Australia Universidad de Castilla-La Gordon, Jerard; University United States Moran, Peter D.; Michigan Mancha, Spain of Michigan, United Kim, Jai-woh; U.S. Technological States Department of Energy, LoVecchio, Paul; United University, United States States Goswami, Arindom; United United States States Kojima, Takayuki; Shinshu Lu, Shenglu; RMIT University, Mostaghel, Sina; SNC- University Australia Lavalin, Canada Greytak, Andrew B.; University of South Krutz, Nicholas; GE Aviation, Lv, Chao; Northeastern Nakajima, Hideo; Osaka Carolina, United States United States University, China University, Japan Table of Contents
Material Advantage Member Receives Georgia Tech Honors; Discover Member Benefi ts from TMS; Welcome New Members 1557
Nell, Johannes; Tronox, Remy, Guillaume; University Smith, Timothy; NASA Glenn Williams, Mark A.; United States of Warwick, United Research Center, United University of Warwick, Kingdom States United Kingdom Nienaber, Maria; Helmholtz-Zentrum Rezaei, Seyed Emad; So, Lily Lai Chi; Hatch Ltd., Wilson, Paul; The Boeing Geesthacht, Germany University of Virginia, Canada Company, United States Niu, Xinrui; City University United States Sokalski, Vincent M.; of Hong Kong, Hong Rheinheimer, Wolfgang; Carnegie Mellon Wroblewski, Krzysztof P.; Kong Julich Research Center, University, United States Wroblewski Consulting, United States Nolet, Isabelle; Hatch Ltd., Germany Solis-Ramos, Euripides; South Africa Rojas, Jessika V.; Virginia United States Xia, Zhenhai; University Commonwealth University, of North Texas, United Nomoto, Akiyoshi; Central Sundqvist, Olle; Sandvik States Research Institute of United States Materials Technology, Xiang, Song; Guizhou Electric Power Industry, Russell, Richard W.; NASA Sweden University, China Japan Kennedy Space Center, Taller, Stephen; United States Nowell, Matthew M.; United States Xie, Yi; Purdue University, Tompa, Gary S.; Structured United States TexSem Laboratories Sagapuram, Dinakar; Texas Materials Industries Inc., Inc., United States A&M University, United United States Xin, Hongliang; Virginia States Polytechnic Institute Okur, Serdal; Structured Ukeje, Chukwudike Materials Industries and State University, Salloum, Maher; Sandia Chukwunenye; Nigeria United States Inc., United States National Laboratories, Ullah, Asad; Karakoram Xue, Weihua; Liaoning Ouyang, Bin; United United States International University, States Technical University, Sanders, John W.; California Pakistan China Pambianchi, Michael State University Fullerton, Uno, Masayoshi; University of Yacoubian, Araz; LER Scott; Industrion, United United States Fukui, Japan Technologies Inc.; States Sapochak, Linda S.; National Vilaca do Carmo, Andre Luiz; United States Science Foundation, Panetta, Paul; Applied SENAI Innovation Institute Yadav, Shwetabh; Texas United States Research Associates, for Mineral Technologies, A&M University, United United States Sayer, Aaron B.; Materion Brazil States Pascucci, Marina R.; Brush Beryllium and Vubangsi, Mercel; The Yang, Junjie; New Jersey CeraNova Corporation, Composites, United States University of Bamenda, Institute of Technology, United States Schultz, Bradley M.; TE Cameroon United States Patki, Priyam; University of Connectivity, United States Wakabayashi, Hideki; Japan Yang, Shu; University of Michigan, United States Secord, Mick; Polyonics Inc., Walters, Carey; Delft Pennsylvania, United Peters, David; United United States University of Technology, States States Netherlands Yoo, Yung Suk; University Serafeim, Alexandros; RWTH, of Michigan, United Phanikumar, Gandham; Germany Wang, Shuai; Southern Indian Institute of University of Science and States Technology Madras, Shigeyama, Haruhisa; Central Technology, China Yu, Dawei; Central South India Research Institute of University, China Electric Power Industry, Wang, Hao; University of Pikul, James H.; University Japan Science and Technology Zell, Elizabeth; Idaho of Pennsylvania, United Beijing, China National Laboratory, States Singh, Sudhanshu Shekhar; United States Indian Institute of Westraadt, Johan; Nelson Pol, Vilas; Purdue Technology Kanpur, India Mandela University, South Zhang, Jianjing; Capitech University, United Africa Venture Capital Co. States Singh Gaur, Raj Pal; SH Ltd., China Chemicals, United States Wiesner, Valerie L.; NASA Poulin, Eric; Laval Langley Research Center, Zhao, Qiuyue; Northeast University, Canada Slater, J.E.; United States United States University, China
*Membership grade recommendations are based on a review of credentials provided by the individuals. These credentials are taken on the honor system and not independently verified, except by exception. Table of Contents
JOM Vol. 73, No. 6, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04578-1https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04722-x Ó 2021 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society In Case You Missed It: Business News from the Field JO Rio Tinto Adds Utah Plant Solvay’s Tubing themagazine London, U.K.: Rio Tinto is building Advances Lightweighting a new plant to recover tellurium Brussels, Belgium: Solvay and Maincor IURPFRSSHUUH¿QLQJDWLWV.HQQHFRWW 5RKUV\VWHPH*PE+ &R.*SLRQHHUHG integrated copper mining operation near a technique to manufacture a highly Salt Lake City, Utah. A $2.9 million ÀH[LEOHH[WUXGHGFRUUXJDWHGWXELQJZLWK Do you have businesss investment will equip the plant to recover varying wall thicknesses and diameters. tellurium as a by-product of copper The manufacturer’s advancement will orr inddustrt y news of smelting through extraction from waste help automobile makers meet new thermal intereest to the minerar ls, streams. Operations will begin in the management design challenges stemming fourth quarter of 2021 at the new plant, from combining internal combustion engine mettalls, and mam tterials which will have around 20 tonnes of and e-mobility technologies including community?y Subbmim t annual production capacity. batteries, e-motors, and power electronics. yoy urr announcement Zeiss Finishes New Pioneer Buys Permian’s DoublePoint Energy orr press release to Californian Site Oberkochen, Germany:: Carl Houston, Texas, USA: Pioneer Kaitlin Calvva, Zeiss AG, a leading global optics and Natural Resources Company is acquiring JOOM Magazine optoelectronics technology company, has DoublePoint Energy LLC for $6.4 billion. completed construction of its new R&D, Pioneer will gain more than 100,000 acres Maanan gig ngg Edid toor,r at production, sales, and customer service in the core of the Permian basin, which are kcalvav @t@ ms.oorgg foro site in Dublin, California, in the San currently producing nearly 100,000 barrels per day. The acreage, in the Midland basin considderation.n Francisco Bay Area. The $180 million investment in the new Zeiss Innovation portion of the greater Permian basin, is &HQWHULVSDUWRIWKHFRPSDQ\¶VH൵RUWV contiguous with much of Pioneer’s existing to expand close to research centers and holdings, enabling Pioneer to engineer growth markets. The center’s focus longer horizontal wells from fewer drilling RQGLJLWDOVROXWLRQVDQGVFLHQWL¿FDQG pads, utilizing the existing pipeline and industry partnerships spanning disciplines water systems. The deal is comprised of and technologies are key drivers behind approximately 27.2 million shares of Pioneer the company’s selection of a site in the common stock, $1 billion of cash, and Bay Area. assumption of approximately $900 million of debt and liabilities. Adelaide, Australia: Core Lithium confirmed U.S. Steel Acquires Patents the production of and Trademarks battery-grade lithium Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA: at its Finniss Lithium Project in Australia’s U.S. Steel Corporation purchased Northern Territory. Two WKHÀDWUROOHGVKHHWSDWHQWVDQG samples of blended trademarks to advanced, high-strength concentrate showed steel made by The NanoSteel Co. over 95% lithium in Inc. in Providence, Rhode Island. separate tests. The The patented proprietary alloys Finnish Lithium Project is the first lithium site have a nanoscale microstructure, to be approved outside which creates a unique combination Western Australia and of extreme strength and enhanced is the first new mine formability that is normally only of significant scale to found in low-strength mild steels. The be approved in the NanoSteel grades can be rolled thicker Northern Territory since 2013. Australia leads than other high-strength grades and the world in lithium are designed for automotive and heavy production. (Photo credit industrial applications where higher Core Lithium.) strength-to-weight ratios are needed. 1558 Table of Contents
JOM Vol. 73, No. 6, 2021 JOM Vol. 73, No. 6, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04578-1https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04722-x https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04578-1https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04723-w Ó 2021 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society Ó 2021 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society In Case You Missed It: Business News from the Field TMS2021 VIRTUAL: JO Rio Tinto Adds Utah Plant Solvay’s Tubing CELEBRATION themagazine London, U.K.: Rio Tinto is building Advances Lightweighting e8ĜųŸƋeüƋåųŏălj¥å±ųŸ a new plant to recover tellurium Brussels, Belgium: Solvay and Maincor SINCE 1871 IURPFRSSHUUH¿QLQJDWLWV.HQQHFRWW 5RKUV\VWHPH*PE+ &R.*SLRQHHUHG UåĬĬƼ¬±ŞŞ±Ÿ integrated copper mining operation near a technique to manufacture a highly Salt Lake City, Utah. A $2.9 million ÀH[LEOHH[WUXGHGFRUUXJDWHGWXELQJZLWK Do you have businesss investment will equip the plant to recover varying wall thicknesses and diameters. tellurium as a by-product of copper The manufacturer’s advancement will A virtual conference would have been an unfathomable All-Conference Plenary Session orr inddustrt y news of smelting through extraction from waste help automobile makers meet new thermal concept in 1871, the year that TMS’s parent society, intereest to the minerar ls, streams. Operations will begin in the management design challenges stemming The American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and fourth quarter of 2021 at the new plant, from combining internal combustion engine 3HWUROHXP(QJLQHHUV $,0( KHOGLWV¿UVWDQQXDO mettalls, and mam tterials which will have around 20 tonnes of and e-mobility technologies including gathering. community?y Subbmim t annual production capacity. batteries, e-motors, and power electronics. )RU \HDUV706FDUULHGRQWKHWUDGLWLRQRIWKDW¿UVW yoy urr announcement Zeiss Finishes New Pioneer Buys Permian’s in-person conference where research and ideas could be Californian Site DoublePoint Energy shared among like-minded professionals. At the TMS 2021 orr press release to Virtual Annual Meeting & Exhibition (TMS2021 Virtual), Oberkochen, Germany:: Carl Houston, Texas, USA: Pioneer the 150th anniversary meeting, the Society demonstrated Kaitlin Calvva, Zeiss AG, a leading global optics and Natural Resources Company is acquiring WKDWWKHVSLULWRIWKDW¿UVWHYHQWZRXOGFRQWLQXH²HYHQLI optoelectronics technology company, has DoublePoint Energy LLC for $6.4 billion. JOOM Magazine the format had to change. completed construction of its new R&D, Pioneer will gain more than 100,000 acres 2Q0DUFK±7069LUWXDOPDUNHGWKH¿UVW Tom Battle (pictured, left) talks with Anne Lauvergeon (pictured, Maanan gig ngg Edid toor,r at production, sales, and customer service in the core of the Permian basin, which are fully online installment of the TMS Annual Meeting right) at the TMS2021 Virtual All-Conference Plenary Session. kcalvav @t@ ms.oorgg foro site in Dublin, California, in the San currently producing nearly 100,000 barrels & Exhibition. In many ways, the Society kept with the Francisco Bay Area. The $180 million per day. The acreage, in the Midland basin considderation.n WUDGLWLRQRISUHYLRXV\HDUVE\R൵HULQJVFLHQWLVWVDQG investment in the new Zeiss Innovation portion of the greater Permian basin, is More than 200 attendees from around the world tuned in live engineers a recognized forum for sharing their work, a &HQWHULVSDUWRIWKHFRPSDQ\¶VH൵RUWV contiguous with much of Pioneer’s existing to hear Anne Lauvergeon deliver the TMS2021 All-Conference broad selection of technical symposia and presentations to to expand close to research centers and holdings, enabling Pioneer to engineer Plenary, “New Methodologies: Producing High-Quality Metal view, and opportunities to initiate conversations and make growth markets. The center’s focus longer horizontal wells from fewer drilling from Low-Grade Ores,” on Wednesday, March 17. FRQQHFWLRQVZLWKRWKHUVZRUNLQJLQWKHLU¿HOG RQGLJLWDOVROXWLRQVDQGVFLHQWL¿FDQG pads, utilizing the existing pipeline and 2020 TMS President Tom Battle introduced Lauvergeon, There were some necessary changes, of course. In industry partnerships spanning disciplines water systems. The deal is comprised of describing her as a person known for her leadership in place of cocktail receptions in conference meeting and technologies are key drivers behind approximately 27.2 million shares of Pioneer pushing the boundaries of technology and innovating business rooms, TMS2021 Virtual featured smaller gatherings in the company’s selection of a site in the common stock, $1 billion of cash, and SUDFWLFHLQKHU¿HOG6KHLVIRXQGHU&(2RI$/3 FKDLUeFROH virtual networking spaces. Instead of stepping up to the Bay Area. assumption of approximately $900 million GHV0LQHVGH1DQF\ DQGIRUPHU&(2RI$UHYD6$6KH of debt and liabilities. microphone to ask questions of distinguished speakers, is also board chair of the start-up company IB2, which is Adelaide, Australia: attendees engaged in live online Q&A sessions with pioneering an alumina production method that Lauvergeon Core Lithium confirmed U.S. Steel Acquires Patents presenters. In the exhibit hall, conversations shifted from the production of called a potential revolutionary innovation with far-reaching and Trademarks EXVWOLQJVKRZÀRRUVWRRQHRQRQHVFUHHQFKDWV'HVSLWH battery-grade lithium Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA: implications. at its Finniss Lithium all these changes, TMS2021 Virtual remained a place that The traditional way to produce alumina from bauxite, she U.S. Steel Corporation purchased Project in Australia’s brought people together. H[SODLQHGLVWKH%D\HUSURFHVVZKLFKUHVXOWVLQVLJQL¿FDQW WKHÀDWUROOHGVKHHWSDWHQWVDQG Northern Territory. Two waste known as red mud. It also requires transporting high- samples of blended trademarks to advanced, high-strength TXDOLW\RUHVRYHUORQJGLVWDQFHVWRUH¿QHU\VLWHV concentrate showed steel made by The NanoSteel Co. “Despite all these changes, She described the IB2 technology, which can produce high- over 95% lithium in Inc. in Providence, Rhode Island. aƟǒƟőƐĞŹƒƣ±ĮƐŹåķ±ĞĻåÚƐ±ƐŤĮ±ÏåƐ quality alumina from low-grade bauxite, as a green solution separate tests. The The patented proprietary alloys Finnish Lithium Project ƒĚ±ƒƐÆŹŇƣďĚƒƐŤåŇŤĮåƐƒŇďåƒĚåŹũŶ that addresses these problems. “What was considered mine is the first lithium site have a nanoscale microstructure, which creates a unique combination waste using the normal process can be considered ore with to be approved outside 7KURXJKRXWWKLVDUWLFOH²DQGLQWZRRWKHUDUWLFOHV this technology,” she said. Western Australia and of extreme strength and enhanced is the first new mine formability that is normally only published in the June 2021 issue of JOM²\RX¶OOJDLQD 'XULQJD4 $VHVVLRQZLWK%DWWOHIROORZLQJKHU of significant scale to found in low-strength mild steels. The glimpse of this year’s meeting through key statistics and presentation, she explained that this technology can be added be approved in the NanoSteel grades can be rolled thicker event summaries that show how TMS2021 Virtual retained on to the traditional Bayer process. “You have nothing to Northern Territory since than other high-strength grades and the key elements of a TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition. change to the existing facility or installation,” Lauvergeon said. 2013. Australia leads Then look forward to TMS2022 and beyond to see where After piloting the process at two locations, Lauvergeon said the world in lithium are designed for automotive and heavy we’ll be meeting once we can all gather in person again. the technology is now ready to commercialize. production. (Photo credit industrial applications where higher Core Lithium.) strength-to-weight ratios are needed. 1558 1559 Table of Contents
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3M(SȶȉȶȦEX82ȶȉȶȦ:MVXYEP TMS2021 Virtual ']XLI3YQFIVW 2,967 8SXEP3YQFIV SJ&XXIRHIIW 7IKMWXIVIHJSV 82ȶȉȶȦ:MVXYEP EWSJ2EVGLȴȦ The Fifth International Symposium on Nickel and Cobalt (Ni-Co 2021) was held as part of TMS2021 Virtual. This ȶȉȶȦ special four-day symposium convened operators, engineers, and researchers to exchange information about all aspects of current processing technologies for nickel and cobalt, as well as emerging technologies for both metals. The symposium opened with the Ni-Co 2021 plenary session on Monday, March 15, featuring invited 20 SUHVHQWDWLRQVIURP¿YHVSHDNHUV )RUDFORVHUORRNDWWKH 3YQFIVSJ plenary session, see the article, “Keynotes and Featured (SQTERMIWXLEX Talks at TMS2021 Virtual,” in the June 2021 issue of )MWTPE]IH'SSXLW JOM.) Additional sessions were held on the topics of MRXLI:MVXYEP EDWWHULHV K\GURPHWDOOXUJ\ S\URPHWDOOXUJ\ DQGPDUNHW materials, and mineral processing. *\LMFMX-EPP Ni-Co 2021 was organized by TMS, with sponsorship IURPWKH706([WUDFWLRQ 3URFHVVLQJ'LYLVLRQWKH706 Pyrometallurgy Committee, and the TMS Hydrometallurgy and Electrometallurgy Committee. It was co-organized by the Metallurgy & Materials Society of the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum. The Ni-Co 2021 Organizing Committee was led by Corby Anderson, 2021 Awards Colorado School of Mines. 82ȶȉȶȦ5VSGIIHMRKW Eleven proceedings volumes, including Ni-Co 2021: The 192 5th International Symposium on Nickel and Cobalt, are .RHMZMHYEPW now available for purchase through the TMS Bookstore in -SRSVIH[MXL both hard copy and electronic formats. Light Metals 2021 ȮȮ&[EVHW and Magnesium Technology 2021, the latest editions in 5VIWIRXIH)YVMRK TMS’s long-running proceedings series, are also available, along with collections from six additional symposia. 82ȶȉȶȦ:MVXYEP 7KH¿QDOYROXPHLQWKHFROOHFWLRQWKHTMS 2021 150th 1IEVRQSVIEFSYX Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings, XLIWIE[EVHWERH features a compilation of papers gathered from a variety of TMS2021 Virtual symposia. XLIMVVIGMTMIRXWEX 9LVLWZZZWPVRUJ%RRNVWRUHWRYLHZDIXOOOLVWLQJRI E[EVHWXQWSVK available TMS2021 Virtual publications. TMS members VKRXOGORJLQWRUHFHLYHDGLVFRXQWR൵KDUGFRS\ purchases. Table of Contents
TMS2021 VIRTUAL: A First After 150 Years 1561
82.RWXEPPW3I[1IEHIVWLMT Technical Sessions ERH5VSGIIHMRKW
440 8IGLRMGEPIWWMSRW Ellen Cerreta, 2021 TMS President (pictured, left) and Tom Battle, 2020 TMS President (pictured, right). -IPHEXȁȴ ]QTSWMEMRȦȴ Each year, the TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition marks 8STMG&VIEW the transition to the new year’s TMS president. At this WLPHVHYHUDOPHPEHUVRIWKH706%RDUGRI'LUHFWRUVHQG their leadership terms and new directors begin their cycles. Tom Battle began his term as TMS President on )HEUXDU\²WKH¿QDOGD\RIWKH706$QQXDO 0HHWLQJ ([KLELWLRQLQ6DQ'LHJR&DOLIRUQLDZKLFK brought together more than 4,600 attendees. “Less than two weeks after the end of the conference, 2,493 our world changed. New terms were introduced such as 5VIWIRXEXMSRW VRFLDOGLVWDQFLQJ²UDWKHUWKHRSSRVLWHRIWKHEXVLQHVV ,MZIRMRGPYHMRK PRGHOWKDWKDGEHHQVRVXFFHVVIXOLQ6DQ'LHJR´KH UHÀHFWHGLQDVSHHFKDWWKH706$,0($ZDUGV Ceremony, held on Wednesday, March 17. Looking back on his year as TMS President, Battle noted the unique challenges the Society encountered, but also the way the 273 community stood together, even while staying apart. “It has 5SWXIV been an honor and privilege to lead TMS through the most 5VIWIRXEXMSRW extraordinary of years,” he concluded. As Battle’s presidential term came to an end, Ellen Cerreta of Los Alamos National Laboratory began her term as 2021 TMS President during TMS2021 Virtual. Cerreta also gave an address at the awards ceremony that 583 acknowledged the challenges of the previous year and XYHIRX looked ahead to a brighter future. 5VIWIRXEXMSRW “What has transpired since our last in-person TMS Annual Meeting in 2020 shouldn’t be allowed to change what we are doing as a Society for the profession, even if LWLVOLNHO\²SHUKDSVPRUHWKDQOLNHO\²WRFKDQJHWKHKRZ the implementation of that vision,” Cerreta said, reminding listeners of the strategic goals laid out in the TMS Aspires 480 plan and how these will serve the profession well as the 2ERYWGVMTXW Society moves forward. 5YFPMWLIHMR This change in leadership also included Jud Ready, ȦȦ(SPPIGXIH Georgia Institute of Technology, moving into the role of 5VSGIIHMRKW 2021 Vice President. Ready will serve as TMS President :SPYQIW beginning at the TMS 2022 Annual Meeting & Exhibition. Timothy Rupert, University of California, Irvine, also MRLQHGWKH706%RDUGRI'LUHFWRUVDW7069LUWXDO PRYLQJLQWRWKHSRVLWLRQRI3URJUDPPLQJ'LUHFWRU Table of Contents
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For 149 years, the TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition operated in-person meetings, and we plan to return to that Attendee Engagement model in future years. Mark your calendars now and plan EX82ȶȉȶȦ:MVXYEP to join us at these future venues:
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Plans are already underway for the TMS 2022 Annual 1,082 Meeting & Exhibition, which is now accepting abstracts &XXIRHIIW IRUV\PSRVLDSODQQHGE\DOO¿YH706WHFKQLFDOGLYLVLRQV 5EVXMGMTEXIHMR1MZI TMS2022 will feature two co-located events: Diversity in the Minerals, Metals, and Materials Professions 4 6 &IWWMSRWERH (DMMM4) and the REWAS 2022 Symposium, which will 3IX[SVOMRK*ZIRXW IRFXVRQWKHWKHPHRI'HYHORSLQJ7RPRUURZ¶V7HFKQLFDO Cycles. In addition, TMS2022 will feature the popular Bladesmithing Competition and continue the celebration of the Society’s 150th Anniversary Year.
1,883 2022 )MVIGX2IWWEKIW IRX'IX[IIR Conference 5EVXMGMTERXW CELEBRATES ŏăljƉ¤)~
Visit www.tms.org/TMS2022 to learn more and to submit your abstract by July 1. JO themagazine Table of Contents
JOM Vol. 73, No. 6, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04578-1https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04724-9 Ó 2021 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
Keynotes and Featured Talks at CELEBRATION TMS2021 VIRTUAL
SINCE 1871 Kelly Zappas, Ann Ritchie, and Kaitlin Calva
Nearly 2,500 oral and poster presentations at 83 symposia in 13 technical tracks were delivered over the course of four days at the TMS 2021 Virtual Annual Meeting & Exhibition (TMS2021 Virtual), March 15-18, 2021. $PRQJWKHVHZHUHNH\QRWHVHVVLRQVRQKLJKLQWHUHVWWRSLFVDZDUGOHFWXUHVGHOLYHUHGE\OHDGHUVLQWKH¿HOGDQGWDONVDQG sessions from young professionals on emerging technology areas. What follows is a look at some of these featured sessions and talks from TMS2021 Virtual.
nickel, stainless steel materials, and batteries can make to a PLENARY AND KEYNOTE SESSIONS FOHDQHUDQGNLQGHUZRUOGDUHYHU\VLJQL¿FDQW´ 3M(SȶȉȶȦ5PIREV] Later in the session, Anthony Warner, Worley, provided an overview of key developments in nickel pyrometallurgy since 1970—many of which he and his co-authors, 3KLOLS0DFNH\DQG$KPHG9DKHGH[SHULHQFHG¿UVWKDQG throughout their careers—with his talk, “A Review of Nickel Pyrometallurgy over the Past 50 Years with Special Reference to the Former INCO Ltd. and Falconbridge Ltd.” “Nickel is an essential metal to modern society, primarily through its use as an important ingredient in stainless steel,” he noted. “More recently and in the future, electric vehicles are becoming a key nickel demand driver for nickel products to meet this application.” Corby G. Anderson (pictured, left) and Rodney Jones ȶȉȶȦ1MKLXW2IXEPW0I]RSXIIWWMSR (pictured, right) at the Ni-Co 2021 Plenary Session.
The Fifth International Symposium on Nickel and Cobalt (Ni-Co 2021) opened with a plenary session that IHDWXUHG¿YHLQYLWHGVSHDNHUVLQFOXGLQJWKH706 Extraction & Processing Division (EPD) Distinguished Lecturer, Rodney Jones, Mintek. Ahead of the technical presentations, lead Ni-Co 2021 organizer, Corby G. Anderson, Colorado School of Mines, welcomed attendees to the session and thanked the authors and speakers as well as his co-organizers of the symposium. “We labored through the challenges of the global pandemic and actually Les Edwards (pictured, left) and Pernelle Nunez this whole symposium, even though it’s gone virtual, has (pictured, right) at the 2021 Lights Metals Keynote Session. come to fruition,” he said. -RQHVNLFNHGR൵WKHSOHQDU\VHVVLRQGHOLYHULQJWKH Sustainability in the Aluminum Supply Chain was the presentation, “Ferronickel–Thermodynamics, Chemistry, and focus of the 2021 Light Metals Keynote Session, which Economics,” in which he noted that “nickel is an essential was organized by Les Edwards, Rain Carbon Inc., and metal in our modern world.” Though current nickel demand sponsored by the Aluminum Committee of the TMS Light is dominated by stainless steel, there is growth anticipated in Metals Division. The idea for the session came about, batteries over the next decade. “We are living in an exciting Edwards said, after he attended a presentation at TMS2020 time of new developments and have the opportunity to shape that highlighted the sustainability challenges faced by the the world for the better,” Jones said. “The contributions that aluminum industry in meeting climate change targets. 1563 Table of Contents
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“Since that time, there’s been a growing focus around the world on sustainability issues,” said Edwards, who organized AWARD LECTURES a lineup of seven speakers to both explore the industry’s sustainability challenges and discuss how companies and ȶȉȶȦ.RWXMXYXISJ2IXEPW7SFIVX+VEROPMR organizations are taking innovative steps to meet them. 2ILP&[EVH1IGXYVII Pernelle Nunez, International Aluminium Association, opened the session with her talk, “Long-Term 6XVWDLQDELOLW\RIWKH$OXPLQLXP6HFWRU´ZKLFKR൵HUHG an overview of the challenges and opportunities for a sustainable aluminum industry. “Aluminium has a key role to play as an enabling material in sustainable development,” she said. “Because of that, demand for aluminum products will increase and the industry will need to address its sustainability challenges as it grows. Collaboration, innovation, and investment will be essential for the industry’s long-term sustainability.” Tresa Pollock In all, the session included seven talks, many of which were among the most-watched presentations delivered at TMS2021 Tresa Pollock, University of California, Santa Barbara, Virtual. (For a look at some of the most highly viewed talks, presented, “New Superalloys in the Co-Ni Design Space”, as the see the sidebar, “Highly Viewed Presentations at TMS2021 2021 Institute of Metals/Robert Franklin Mehl Award recipient. Virtual,” in this article.) The slides for these presentations can The presentation started with a brief overview on now be accessed through the TMS 2021 Virtual website at superalloys, looking at conventional cobalt and nickel www.tms.org/TMS2021/LightMetalsKeynote. alloys, as well as newer high-temperature cobalt alloys. It wasn’t until 2006, when a rediscovery and mechanical 2EKRIWMYQ8IGLRSPSK]ȶȉȶȦ0I]RSXI experiments revealed that “strength at very high temperatures of cobalt alloys might be better than nickel DOOR\V´ZKLFK³NLFNHGR൵DZRUOGZLGHH൵RUWWREHWWHU understand what is possible in a cobalt-based system.” 6KHR൵HUHG¿QDOWKRXJKWVRQWKHWRSLFQRWLQJWKDWQHZ ICME tools can continue to enhance our understanding and that more understanding is needed in phase equilibria and stability of the L12 phase and the fault energies. “Achieving a balanced set of properties remains as an interesting challenge, and I think there’s still much interest and research to be done.”
Warren Poole -YQI7SXLIV]&[EVH1IGXYVI
The Magnesium Technology 2021 symposium opened with a keynote presentation by Warren Poole, University of British Columbia (UBC), presenting, “Measurement of the Critical Resolved Shear Stress for Slip in Magnesium Alloys Using Instrumented Indentation.” 7KHFRPSHWLWLRQEHWZHHQGL൵HUHQWGHIRUPDWLRQPRGHVDQG how this changes with temperature is a critical challenge for the plasticity and fracture of magnesium and its alloys, Poole H[SODLQHGEXWLQVWUXPHQWHGLQGHQWDWLRQWHVWVR൵HUDGYDQWDJHV His presentation walked through a set of instrumented Ji-Cheng (JC) Zhao indentation experiments performed on magnesium alloys, and the evidence collected the depth of indents changed. Ji-Cheng (JC) Zhao, University of Maryland, delivered Poole’s complete paper was published in the Magnesium the William Hume-Rothery Award Lecture, “High- Technology 2021 proceedings volume, available at Throughput Measurements of Composition-Dependent ZZZWPVRUJ%RRNVWRUH,QWRWDO¿YH0DJQHVLXP Properties of Alloy Phases for Accelerated Alloy Design." Technology 2021 sessions were held over the course of three =KDR¶VSUHVHQWDWLRQR൵HUHGDQLQWURGXFWLRQWRWKH days at TMS2021 Virtual. GL൵XVLRQPXOWLSOHDSSURDFKDQGGLVFXVVHGWKHSRVVLELOLWLHV Table of Contents
Keynotes and Featured Talks at TMS2021 VIRTUAL 1565
of new computational tools and models that can help speed up the experimentation process. Holistic integration of &(8&2&8*7.&1.&=254.92 computational, experimental, and data science approaches ZLOOEHQHHGHGKHVDLGWRH൶FLHQWO\EXLOGWKHUPRG\QDPLF &GXE2EXIVMEPME&[EVHWIWWMSR databases. “Holistic integration is basically ICME,” he said. “Every H[SHULPHQWLVDQ,&0(FRQFHUQ´7KH¿HOGLVUHDG\KH FRQFOXGHGWREXLOGDQDOOHQFRPSDVVLQJGL൵XVLRQGDWDEDVH for solid solutions, where we can have all the computed data for each element of each phase structure.
-MKLP]:MI[IH5VIWIRXEXMSRWEX TMS2021 Virtual: Günter Gottstein SQISJXLIQSWXLMKLP]ZMI[IH The TMS2021 Acta Materialia Symposium featured lectures TVIWIRXEXMSRWMRGPYHIH by four recipients of this year’s Acta Materialia awards. Günter Gottstein, RWTH Aachen University, gave the • “Designing Ductility in BCC High Entropy talk, “Modelling Microstructure Complexity for Better Alloys?” ;MPPMEQ(YVXMR, EPFL Property Predictions,” as the Gold Medal Lecturer. • “Pushing Structural Performance of Gottstein, who has been a TMS member for more than Materials by Combining Alloy Design with 30 years, received the award for his demonstrated ability Disruptive Manufacturing Technologies,” and leadership in materials research. During his talk, he 7ENMZ2MWLVE, University of North Texas GLVFXVVHGUHVHDUFKH൵RUWVDQGPDWHULDOVGHVLJQSURMHFWVWKDW • “Long Term Sustainability of the Aluminium allow us to make better predictions of material properties Sector,” 5IVRIPPI3YRI^, International from the knowledge of microstructure and physical Aluminium Institute metallurgy research. Katalin Balázsi, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, was • “Aluminium Production: A Pathway to Zero KRQRUHGDVWKH¿UVWUHFLSLHQWRIWKH0DU\)RUWXQH*OREDO ±ųÆŅĹÆƼƗljăljØŰ2EVO)SVVIIR, EnPot Ltd. Diversity Medal, a newly established award for outstanding • “Additive Manufacturing and FRQWULEXWLRQVWRWKH¿HOGRIPDWHULDOVEXWDOVRIRUFRQWULEXWLRQV Characterization of High-density Materials WRWKHGLYHUVLW\RIUHVHDUFKHUVLQWKH¿HOG,QKHUWDON³67(0 for Aerospace Applications,” 0VMWX]R0EHEPE, Mentor Programs and New Opportunities for Women and Lockheed Martin Other Under-represented Groups in Materials Science,” • “Development of a Rapid Alloy Selection Balázsi discussed her work to establish and grow the ŅŅĬüŅų±ŞĜÚŅĬĜÚĜĀϱƋĜŅĹ{ųŅÏ域ĜĹč Association for Hungarian Women in Science (NATE) in Conditions,” *QQE;LMXI, Ames Laboratory 2008. It has grown into a national organization involving • “Mechanical Behavior of Induced Lack 13,500 girls, 800 teachers, 190 educational and research Ņü8ƚŸĜŅĹ8Ĭ±ƵŸĜĹeĬĜŏljačØŰ/SLR organizations, and four regional centers. “In the new post- 1I[ERHS[WOM, Case Western Reserve COVID world, it is more important than ever to upskill and University UHVNLOOSHRSOHIRUWKHMREVRIWKHIXWXUH´%DOi]VLVDLG Julie Cairney, University of Sydney, delivered the Silver • “Near Zero-waste and Near Break-Even: 0HGDO/HFWXUHDZDUGHGIRUVFLHQWL¿FFRQWULEXWLRQVDQG A Path towards Sustainable Bauxite leadership in the midst of the researcher’s career, and Processing,” *JXL]QMSW'EPSQIRSW, 4LQJMLH=KDQJ:XKDQ8QLYHUVLW\RI7HFKQRORJ\UHFHLYHG Mytilineos SA the Holloman Award in Materials and Society, recognizing • “Review of Sustainability in the Carbon demonstrated leadership in promoting the understanding Supply Chain,” 1IW*H[EVHW, Rain Carbon of the interactions between materials technology and Inc. societal interests and needs. The session was chaired by the • “Hydro’s New Karmøy Technology Pilot: University of Waterloo’s Carolyn Hansson, who serves as Start-up and Early Operation,” 5MIVVI7IR], Acta Materialia’s executive secretary. Hydro Aluminium Table of Contents
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-4347&7==254.& /MERR=ERK-[ERK Jiann-Yang Hwang, Michigan Technological University, Four distinguished TMS members were celebrated at shared his experiences and gave many examples of successes three honorary symposia during TMS2021 Virtual. in materials processing for the session titled Materials Engineering—From Ideas to Practice: An EPD Symposium in Honor of Jiann-Yang Hwang: Mineral and Material Processing. Hwang’s research interests cover the entire cycle of materials, from raw material acquisition and bulk processing, to manufacturing and transport, to use and storage, to recycling and disposal. In the cycle, each process involves a sequence of unit of operations. He stressed the importance of viewing the whole cycle when presented with a problem. A problem could occur at any point in the process, involving the input, processing, output, cost, quality, and environment. “In the whole material cycle, ideas can be generated in each unit operation. The more areas of knowledge you learned, the more operation boxes can be put together, and you can probably get the more practical solution,” Hwang said. Hwang expressed gratitude for the opportunity to speak at TMS2021 Virtual. “I’m deeply touched to have this symposium sponsored by TMS that honors my lifelong contributions to the society, education, and industry,” he said. &PXSR88EFIVIEY\ERH-EVEPH&¢]I Top row, from left: Raymond Decker and Jiann-Yang Hwang Bottom row, from left: Alton T. Tabereaux and Harald A. Øye 7KH¿QDO7069LUWXDOKRQRUDU\V\PSRVLXPDOVR sponsored by the TMS Light Metals Division, honored two recipients in separate sessions: Alton T. Tabereaux and Harald 7E]QSRH)IGOIV A. Øye. The TMS Light Metals Division held Greater Than the Xiangwen Wang, Alcoa, described Tabereaux as a world Sum of Its Parts—Concurrent Alloy Design and Processing aluminum smelting icon in his talk, “Alton Tabereaux: Science, a symposium in honor of Raymond Decker’s A Humble Individual Who Dedicates His Lifetime to 90th birthday. Decker, who has been a member of TMS Aluminum—An Aluminum Legend of Our Time.” Tabereaux for 70 years, celebrated this milestone by looking back retired from Alcoa in 2007, but, Wang stated, “he’s never quit at a century of evolution in alloy design and application, the industry.” Instead, he said, he has spent his time solving from 1921 to 2021. He presented six successful case world problems in smelting, advancing reduction technology, and serving and strengthening the aluminum community. histories of alloy design and applications, from the Inconel One of the most important of Tabereaux’s many Alloy 600 in 1921 to maraging stainless steel for additive FRQWULEXWLRQVWRWKH¿HOGDFFRUGLQJWR:DQJLVJUHHQKRXVHJDV manufacturing at QuesTek in 2021 using ICME. Drawing initiatives. During the symposium, Tabereaux himself delivered RQKLVH[SHULHQFHRIPRUHWKDQ\HDUV'HFNHUR൵HUHGD a talk titled, “Awakening of the Al Industry to PFC Emissions closer look at each example and looked at trends that have DQG*OREDO:DUPLQJ´ZKLFKR൵HUHGDQKLVWRULFRYHUYLHZ GHYHORSHGLQWKH¿HOGGXULQJWKDWWLPH RIWKHGLVFRYHU\RI3)&VDQGKLJKOLJKWHGVRPHRIWKH¿UVW After looking at a century of examples, Decker stated, LQYHVWLJDWRUVLQWKHMRXUQH\WRXQGHUVWDQGPHDVXUHDFFRXQWIRU “The best in alloy design is yet to come.” and reduce emissions of this potent greenhouse gas. +HWKHQR൵HUHGKLVRZQUHFLSHIRUDOOR\GHVLJQDQG Kristian Etienne Einarsrud, Norwegian University of applications: Good basic research + ICME software + lab Science and Technology, introduced the Øye session of FRQ¿UPDWLRQ REVHUYLQJ 7KH3ULQFHV6HUHQGLS>NQRZQ the Aluminum Reduction Technology Across the Decades for making unexpected discoveries and inspiring the term symposium. “For 50 years, he has played a key role in serendipity] + the library + the technical societies + ab the modernization of the Norwegian aluminum industry,” initio market development. The last step of the recipe? Stir Einarsrud said of Øye. “He’s had a strong international impact vigorously with partners. and has an extensive network around the world.” Five presentations looked at various aspects of Øye’s career and research, including the talk, “Forty Years of Trondheim International Course on Process Metallurgy of Aluminium,” ZKLFKSURYLGHGDQRYHUYLHZRIWKHLQÀXHQWLDOFRXUVH\HKDV organized since 1981. Table of Contents
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The Radiation Processing of Materials symposium included a live Q&A session with the speakers. Clockwise from top left: Carlos Castano, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Cory Cress, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory; Jessika Rojas, Virginia Commonwealth University; María Eugenia Toimil- Molares, GSI Helmholtz Center; and Mohammed Al-Sheikhly, Michael Kirka (pictured, left), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of Maryland. talks with Allison Beese (pictured, right), Pennsylvania State University, during the Q&A Session following Kirka’s lecture. One of the goals of the TMS Frontiers of Materials Award is to bring technical programming in topic areas that As the recipient of the 2021 Young Innovator in the are novel, exciting, and not typically captured in existing Materials Science of Additive Manufacturing Award, programming to the TMS annual meeting. At TMS2021 Michael Kirka, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, gave Virtual, early-career professionals, selected through the talk, “Additive Manufacturing of High Temperature a competitive awards process, organized Frontiers of Metals: Present and Future Opportunities,” where he Materials Awards symposia on three such topics. discussed how the maturation of additive manufacturing “We want to talk to you about the fascinating (AM) technologies presents new processing options for RSSRUWXQLWLHVWKDWLRQL]LQJUDGLDWLRQKDVLQWKH¿HOGRI high-temperature materials and is opening the door to PDWHULDOVVFLHQFH´-HVVLND5RMDV9LUJLQLD&RPPRQZHDOWK materials innovations and design opportunities. University, said when she introduced her session, Radiation “There’s a lot of opportunities out there for high- Processing of Materials. “We can use ionizing radiation to temperature metals added. A lot of it can be tied back to the PDQXIDFWXUHPDWHULDOVDWGL൵HUHQWOHQJWKVFDOHV:HFDQ classical works that occur in the 50s and 60s, when they also use ionizing radiation to modify materials properties looked at these things but they were not fruitful at the time,” so that we can potentially enhance their performance for Kirka said. He encouraged participants to learn about past GL൵HUHQWDSSOLFDWLRQV´ research, using examples of foundational works in AM Deep Jariwala, University of Pennsylvania, brought the for nickel-based superalloys. He showed how leveraging topic of Low-Dimensional Materials and Interfaces for processing science can help to drive materials development. Next Generation Computing to the TMS audience. “The The lecture concluded with a question-and-answer PDMRUPRWLYDWLRQEHKLQGWKLVLVWKHHQHUJ\IRUHFDVWDQG session where Kirka elaborated on concepts discussed in the consumption of power and energy that is required for his presentation. He emphasized a need to design alloys for modern-day computing, data transmission, and internet AM: “In additive manufacturing, there are ideas of what usage activities,” he said. “Producing technology that people want to be able to process—with the properties and FDQFRPSXWHDQGVWRUHGDWDZLWKPXFKEHWWHUH൶FLHQF\ the end application in mind—but it’s not processable today. is extremely important.” His symposium focused on the So how do you engineer it to get there, rather than going materials, devices, and architecture that will help enable from the application-side down?” WKHVHH൶FLHQFLHV Huanyu Cheng, Penn State University, discussed the development of stretchable sensors that can be worn on the skin in his keynote talk, “Wearable Gas Sensors with Wireless Communication and RF Energy Harvesting Capabilities.” This was part of his session of invited talks, 2021 Functional Nanomaterials: Translating Innovation into Pioneering Technologies. “I hope that it will be a valuable experience for us to receive guidance and advice from the leading experts in these next-generation devices in biomedical sciences,” said Cheng. Table of Contents
1568 Zappas, Ritchie, and Calva
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When asked to organize a symposium for a TMS annual meeting, Colorado School of Mines students Mary Dougherty, Christopher Finfrock, Casey Gilliams, Brady McBride, Desmond Mills, and Jaden Zymbaluk felt up to the task. “We accepted the challenge, because we want James Pikul (pictured, left) and Wei Xiong (pictured, right) to elevate the voices of key materials science innovators and stimulate a discussion that inspires the current and future generations of materials science students and young The Young Professional Tutorial Lecture featured professionals,” said Zymbaluk. Their chosen topic became presentations from the two 2021 Early Career Faculty the 2021 TMS Student-Led Symposium, Design and Fellows: James Pikul, University of Pennsylvania, and Wei Manufacturing Approaches for the Next Generation of Xiong, University of Pittsburgh. Sustainable Materials. Pikul began, “Electrochemical Healing of Metals: A New Way to Repair Additive and Cellular Metals at Room Temperature,” with an introduction to technologies applied to the Opportunity and Spirit rovers on Mars. Opportunity operated for 15 years on Mars, while Spirit lasted only ¿YH\HDUVGXHWRDIUDFWXUHGZKHHO³:RXOGQ¶WLWEHQLFH if it could regrow metal and repair metal, like self-healing bone?” Pikul said. Pikul’s research described how electrochemistry enables transport-mediated healing in cellular metals and was able WRVKRZUDSLGH൵HFWLYHORZHQHUJ\URRPWHPSHUDWXUH healing of cellular metals. “Further developments can Brian Bourdouris revolutionize how we design metal parts in aerospace vehicles and robots,” Pikul said. Brian Bourdouris, National Science Foundation (NSF), Xiong presented, “Integrated Computational Materials opened the Challenges in Sustainable Materials: Novel Design for Alloy Additive Manufacturing,” to describe Processing and Recycling session with his talk, “Research how the integrated computational materials design (ICMD) with a Sustainable Materials Science and Engineering method can accelerate the new alloy development and Approach.” Bourdouris described how sustainable processing optimization. The method integrates multiscale materials science and engineering is covered by many microstructure engineering approaches, and especially uses GL൵HUHQWVHFWRUVDQGDWPDQ\GL൵HUHQWOHYHOVWKURXJKRXWWKH the CALPHAD-based ICME approach as a guide tool, to 16)IURPSURMHFWVZLWKDVLQJOHSULQFLSDOLQYHVWLJDWRUWR reveal the process-structure-property relationships. large centers with entire teams. “We are scientists, similar to a chef doing the cooking. “Sustainable materials and manufacturing are really We need the ‘rice’ or the ‘meat,’ which is the data, and the one of the key opportunities of the day and addressing ICME model is the recipe. The question is, can we get a WKHEDVLFDQGDSSOLHGUHVHDUFKSUREOHPVLQWKLV¿HOGLV better model?” Xiong said. something that can really help move society, both here in the United States and across the globe, forward in a very (SRXVMFYXIXSXLI impactful manner,” Bourdouris said, providing a variety RIH[DPSOHVRIUHVHDUFKSURMHFWVVXSSRUWHGE\WKH16) TMS2022 Technical Program both fundamental and applied, and even into education and training of future researchers. eÆŸƋų±ÏƋŸ±ųåĹŅƵÆåĜĹč±ÏÏåŞƋåÚüŅųƋĘåaƗljƗƗ eĹĹƚ±ĬaååƋĜĹč¼)ƻĘĜÆĜƋĜŅĹŠaƗljƗƗšØŞĬ±ĹĹåÚüŅų 8åÆųƚ±ųƼƗƁěa±ųÏĘƑĜĹeűĘåĜĵرĬĜüŅųĹĜ±Øeţ YFQMX]SYV[SVOEX [[[XQWSVK82ȶȉȶȶ JO eÆŸƋų±ÏƋŸÚƚåIƚĬƼŏţ themagazine Table of Contents
JOM Vol. 73, No. 6, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04578-1https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04725-8 Ó 2021 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
Networking Events and Awards Ceremonies at CELEBRATION TMS2021 VIRTUAL
SINCE 1871 Kelly Zappas, Ann Ritchie, and Kaitlin Calva
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TMS-AIME Awards Ceremony PHDQGGLGQ¶WVTXDVKP\ZLOGDQGFUD]\LGHDV«$WDWLPH ZKHQRWKHUZRPHQLQHQJLQHHULQJZHUHVWUXJJOLQJZLWK JDLQLQJDFFHSWDQFHE\WKHLUPDOHFROOHDJXHV,IHOWWKDW706 ZDVIXOO\VXSSRUWLYHRIPHDQGRWKHUZRPHQ´ ,QDGGLWLRQWR'R\OHQHZ)HOORZVLQFOXGHG'LSDQNDU %DQHUMHH5D\PRQG'HFNHU'DYLG'H Several members of the 2021 TMS Class of Fellows accept their awards at the TMS-AIME Awards Ceremony. Pictured are, Pictured from top left to bottom right: The Student Career from top left to bottom right, Dipankar Banerjee, Fiona Doyle, Forum was moderated by Emily Moore, Lawrence Livermore Somnath Ghosh, and Hani Henein. National Laboratory. Panelists included Jonah Klemm-Toole, Colorado School of Mines; Benjamin Adam, Portland State University; Taylor Mason, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; $WWKH706$,0($ZDUGV&HUHPRQ\706DQGWKH Miriam Silton, W.L. Gore & Associates; and Ben Rutherford, $PHULFDQ,QVWLWXWHRI0LQLQJ0HWDOOXUJLFDODQG3HWUROHXP Army Corps of Engineers. 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Each session allowed individuals to join a moderated, virtual conversation on topics that aligned with the conference’s 14 programming tracks. Technical Division Student Poster Competition Winners 6HYHUDORIWKH7067HFKQLFDO'LYLVLRQVKRQRUHGH[FHOOHQFHLQJUDGXDWHDQGXQGHUJUDGXDWHVWXGHQWZRUNDWWKH7HFKQLFDO 'LYLVLRQ6WXGHQW3RVWHU&RPSHWLWLRQDW7069LUWXDO(DFKSDUWLFLSDQWFRQWULEXWHGDSRVWHUDQGDWZRWRWKUHHPLQXWHYLGHR SUHVHQWDWLRQGHVFULELQJWKHLUZRUN7KHIROORZLQJSRVWHUVWRRNWRSKRQRUV Functional Materials Division (FMD) Structural Materials Division (SMD) Graduate: ³8WLOL]LQJ$GYDQFHG Graduate: ³3UHGLFWLRQDQG 0DQXIDFWXULQJIRUWKH 7HVWLQJRI+RW&UDFNLQJ 'HYHORSPHQWRI$GYDQFHG,QSLOH 6XVFHSWLELOLW\GXULQJ/RFDO 6HQVRUVDQG,QVWUXPHQWDWLRQ´ 0HOWLQJLQ%LQDU\DQG0XOWL &RPSRQHQW$OXPLQXP$OOR\V´ Kiyo Fujimoto%RLVH6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\DQG,GDKR1DWLRQDO Shubhra Jain,RZD6WDWH /DERUDWRU\ 8QLYHUVLW\ Materials Processing & Manufacturing Undergraduate: ³)LUVW3ULQFLSOHV Division (MPMD) 6WXG\RI6LJPD3KDVH 'HVWDELOL]DWLRQLQ &RPSRVLWLRQDOO\FRPSOH[ Graduate: ³&RPSDULVRQRI/DVHU 'L൵UDFWLRQDQG,PDJH$QDO\VLV 6WDLQOHVV6WHHO$OOR\V´ 7HFKQLTXHVIRU3DUWLFOH6L]H Anna Soper+DUYH\0XGG 6KDSH&KDUDFWHUL]DWLRQLQ &ROOHJH $GGLWLYH0DQXIDFWXULQJ $SSOLFDWLRQV´ Jack Grubbs:RUFHVWHU 3RO\WHFKQLF,QVWLWXWH Table of Contents Networking Events and Awards Ceremonies at TMS2021 VIRTUAL 1573 First Place Oral Presentation, Student: ³/RFDO6KRFN 82ȶȉȶȦ:.789&1=254.92 9LVFRVLW\0HDVXUHPHQWLQ&RPSRVLWHV8VLQJ,QVLWX7LPH AWARDS JDWHG5DPDQ6SHFWURVFRS\´Abhijeet Dhiman,$\RWRPL 2ORNXQ1RODQ/HZLVDQG9LNDV7RPDU3XUGXH8QLYHUVLW\ $QXPEHURIV\PSRVLDDW7069LUWXDOUHFRJQL]HG TXDOLW\SRVWHUDQGRUDOSUHVHQWDWLRQV&RQJUDWXODWLRQVWRWKH Second Place Oral Presentation, Student: ³'\QDPLFV IROORZLQJDZDUGUHFLSLHQWV RI$EQRUPDO*UDLQ*URZWKLQD3DUWLFOHFRQWDLQLQJ6\VWHP 8QFRYHUHGE\0XOWLPRGDO7KUHHGLPHQVLRQDO;UD\ Advanced Materials for Energy Conversion ,PDJLQJ´Jiwoong Kang,1LQJ/X1DQF\6HQDEXO\D ERHXSVEKI:..]QTSWMYQ&[EVHW DQG$VKZLQ6KDKDQL8QLYHUVLW\RI0LFKLJDQ 1LFRODV First-Place Poster: ³3URELQJ6WUXFWXUDO&KDQJHVRI *XHQLQFKDXOW&DUO=HLVV;UD\0LFURVFRS\,QF '6XSHUFDSDFLWRU(OHFWURGHE\.HOYLQ3UREH)RUFH Third Place Oral Presentation, Student: ³4XDQWLI\LQJ 0LFURVFRS\´Kowsik Sambath Kumar,1LWLQ&KRXGKDU\ 6SDWWHULQ3RZGHU%HG)XVLRQ3URFHVVHVZLWK+LJKVSHHG9LGHR 'HHSDN3DQGH\ JOM Vol. 73, No. 6, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04578-1https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04726-7 Ó 2021 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society Kaitlin Calva Although this year’s TMS Foundation Donor TMS2020. “You are not only the premier donors to the Appreciation Event was virtual, it was no less a warm TMS Foundation, but also stand as the top donors in a and welcoming environment for colleagues and friends of challenging year of disruption and coping with the global the TMS Foundation family to gather. Like the rest of the pandemic. Who would have thought last year sitting at events and programming that were part of the TMS 2021 our Donor Appreciation Dinner that it would be one of the Virtual Annual Meeting & Exhibition (TMS2021 Virtual), last public events we would attend in 2020 and even into WKLVIRUPDWZDVD¿UVWIRUWKRVHZKRVLJQHGLQRQ7XHVGD\ 2021?” Warren asked. March 16, for donor recogntion, informal networking, and “You who are gathered here this evening are not only a presentation from guest speaker Donald R. Sadoway. resilient in your own lives, but you also reached out to others Beginning with the usual introductions, TMS Foundation LQQHHGLQWKHLUOLYHVZLWK\RXU¿QDQFLDOJHQHURVLW\$OWKRXJK Board of Trustees Chair Garry W. Warren thanked the the world changed, the need did not. The TMS Foundation top donors who tuned in to the evening’s festivities and DQGLWVPDQ\EHQH¿FLDULHVDUHGHHSO\JUDWHIXOWR\RX´ reminisced about last year’s in-person event held during Next, Warren recognized a special group of donors— the new inductees into the Foundation’s Lifetime Giving +RQRUL¿F6RFLHWLHV³ A Multitude of Thanks for the TMS Foundation Donors 1575 Cesar R. Inostroza; Paul R. Ohodnicki; Linda S. Schadler; and Olivia D. Underwood. Titanium Society: Viola L. 2020 Gold Society Inductee $FR൵ -DPHV&)ROH\ *HRUJH7*UD\,,, /XLV2UWL] DQG Ray D. Peterson. Gold Society: -RVHSK''H¿OLSSL Another feature of this event was a special lecture by Donald R. Sadoway, the John F. Elliott Professor of Materials Chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Sadoway is a 2021 TMS Fellow and was recently honored with the new TMS Foundation named award, the Sadoway Materials Innovation Joseph Defilippi and Advocacy Award. In his presentation, “Towards 3UR¿WDEOH6XVWDLQDELOLW\YLD/LTXLG0HWDO[0ROWHQ6DOW 2020 Titanium Society Inductees Electrochemistry,” Sadoway detailed his career’s work in emerging technologies for a sustainable future— VSHFL¿FDOO\WKHOLTXLGPHWDOEDWWHU\DQGPROWHQR[LGH electrolysis, both invented by his teams at MIT. To get to these innovations, however, Sadoway explained the paradigm shift that had to occur at the research level. First, he started out by going to the “anti-experts”—his students—for help and inspiration. Sadoway was looking Viola Acoff James Foley Rusty Gray for “people who had no background in this area,” he said. “All they wanted to do was change the world.” Additionally, WKHLUSDWKIRUZDUGKDGWRSRVHWKHULJKWTXHVWLRQVLQRUGHU WRDFKLHYHFRVWLQIRUPHGGLVFRYHU\:LWKWKHOLTXLGPHWDO EDWWHU\IRUH[DPSOHKHLQVWUXFWHGKLVWHDPWRFRQ¿QHWKH chemistry to Earth-abundant elements (“To make it dirt FKHDSPDNHLWRXWRIGLUW´KHTXLSSHG DQGPDNHLWHDV\WR manufacture. Sadoway then discussed how these inventions made it to market through the creation of several startup Luis Ortiz Ray Peterson companies and procurement of funding, and the exciting 2020 Silver Society Inductees FKDQJHVDQGSRVVLELOLWLHVLQWKHIXWXUHRIWKH¿HOG³,W¶VD really good time to be an electrochemist, and it’s a really great time for TMS.” Before the evening concluded with casual conversation between friends, Warren left attendees with a heartfelt parting note, thanking the Foundation’s donors once again. “It’s a simple word, donor. Five letters, but in it is a multitude of meaning—caring, generosity, diligence, and Corbett Battaile Brad Boyce Ellen Cerreta Amy Clarke determination to make the present brighter for young people and the future secure for materials science. Thank you.” Kester Clarke John Howarter Cesar Inostroza Paul Ohodnicki Donald Sadoway presents a special lecture entitled, JO “Towards Profitable Sustainability via Liquid-Metal x Molten- themagazine Salt Electrochemistry,” during the 2021 TMS Foundation Linda Schadler Olivia Underwood Donor Appreciation Event. Table of Contents JOM Vol. 73, No. 6, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04578-1https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04727-6 Ó 2021 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society TMS meeting headlines JO TMS is committed to your safety during the pandemic. Meeting dates and locations are themagazine current as of April 20, 2021. For the most recent updates on TMS-sponsored events, visit www.tms.org/Meetings. Other Meetings of Note Offshore Technology April 3–6, 2022 Conference (OTC) 2021 JulyJuly 2255–30, 20212021 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA August 16–19, 2021 Virtual Event Submit an Abstract by Houston, Texas, USA Register Today! September 3, 2021 14th International www.tms.org/ICTP2021 www.tms.org/AIM2022 Symposium on • The 13th International Conference on the • The inaugural TMS World Congress on Superalloys Technology of Plasticity (ICTP 2021) is $UWL¿FLDO,QWHOOLJHQFHLQ0DWHULDOVDQG (Superalloys 2021) dedicated to convening the breadth of the 0DQXIDFWXULQJ $,0 LVWKH¿UVW September 12–16, 2021 metal forming community to share their event of its kind to focus on the role Virtual Event latest improvements and innovations in RIDUWL¿FLDOLQWHOOLJHQFHLQPDWHULDOV Materials in Nuclear all aspects of metal forming science and science and engineering and related Energy Systems technology. manufacturing processes. (MiNES 2021) • The in-depth program will feature eight • AIM 2022 will convene stakeholders September 19–23, 2021 plenary speakers, including Matthias from academia, industry, and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Kleiner, Leibniz Association, and Pierre- government to address key issues and USA Olivier Bouchard, Mines ParisTech, identify future pathways. • Abstracts are being considered now for Materials Science & among others, and seven honorary inclusion in the technical program. Visit Technology 2021 symposia. Visit the website for details. the website for submission instructions. (MS&T21) October 17–21, 2021 Columbus, Ohio, USA Congress on Safety in Engineering and August 15–18, 2022 Industry 2021 (Safety February 27–March 3, 2022 Bethesda, Maryland, USA Congress 2021) Share Your Work by November 1–3, 2021 Anaheim, California, USA Fort Worth, Texas, USA Submit Your Abstract by July 1! January 7, 2022 www.tms.org/TMS2022 www.tms.org/AMBench2022 TMS Materials Innovation • The TMS 2022 Annual Meeting & • The second Additive Manufacturing Briefing: Focus on Exhibition (TMS2022) is now accepting Benchmarks conference (AM-Bench Pittsburgh abstracts. Visit the website for a list of 2022) provides a continuing series of November 10, 2021 symposia plans and to share your work. controlled benchmark measurements, Cranberry Township, • TMS2022 will feature two co-located in conjunction with a conference series, Pennsylvania, USA events: with the primary goal of enabling 2nd World Congress on o The 7th installment of the REWAS modelers to test their simulations High Entropy Alloys conference series (REWAS 2022) against rigorous, highly controlled (HEA 2021) o The Fourth Summit on Diversity in additive manufacturing benchmark December 5–8, 2021 the Minerals, Metals, and Materials test data. Charlotte, North Carolina, Profession (DMMM4) • Separate from the benchmark tests, the USA • Join us for the continued celebration conference will also include technical COPPER-COBRE 2022 of the 150th Anniversary of TMS and sessions with a focus on additive November 13–17, 2022 the American Institute of Mining, manufacturing modeling, measurement, Santiago, Chile Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers and characterization. Abstracts are due (AIME) at TMS2022. by January 7. 1576 Table of Contents JOM Vol. 73, No. 6, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04578-1https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04728-5 Ó 2021 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society call for papers JO JOM is seeking contributions on the following topics for 2021 and 2022. thejournal For the full Editorial Calendar, along with author instructions, visit www.tms.org/EditorialCalendar. December 2021 (such as magnetocaloric, magnetoelastic, magnetoelectric Manuscript Deadline: July 1, 2021 DQGPDJQHWRUHVLVWLYHPDWHULDOV $SSOLFDWLRQVRILQWHUHVW Topic: 2D Materials – Preparation, include biological applications of magnetism, sensors Properties & Applications and actuators, energy harvesting, motor-generators, Scope: Since the discovery of graphene, interest in transformers and inductors, and memory applications. basic and applied research in 2D materials is on the rise. Work on discovery, advanced manufacturing, processing Challenges and opportunities continue to grow in the and characterization techniques applied to the relevant areas of process-property-performance correlations in 2D magnetic materials and their applications, is strongly PDWHULDOV(൵RUWVWRWUDQVIHUWHFKQRORJ\IURPIXQGDPHQWDO encouraged. R&D to prototyping to manufacturing are being Editors: Scott McCall and Ikenna Nlebedim pursued rigorously on a global scale. Studies on carbon Sponsors: Magnetic Materials Committee nanotubes, graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, perovskites, phosphorene, transition metal dichalcogenides, xenes Topic: Corrosion and Protection of (germanene, silicene, stanene) are of interest for this topic. Materials at High Temperatures Editors: Nuggehalli M. Ravindra, Ramana Chintalapalle, Scope: Papers on all aspects of high-temperature *HUDOG)HUEODQWLHU6X¿DQ0$EHGUDEERDQG$PEHU corrosion and protection of materials are invited. Shrivastava ([DPSOHVRIWRSLFVLQFOXGHR[LGDWLRQLQGL൵HUHQW Sponsor: Thin Films and Interfaces Committee atmospheres, molten salt corrosion, metal dusting, halogen attack, etc. Papers dealing with surface Topic: Advanced Casting and Melt Processing PRGL¿FDWLRQIRUKLJKWHPSHUDWXUHFRUURVLRQSURWHFWLRQ Technology for Light Alloys are also invited. Scope: This topic covers the newly developed or Editors: Vilupanur Ravi and Ramprashad Prabhakaran VLJQL¿FDQWO\LPSURYHGFDVWLQJDQGPHOWSURFHVVLQJ Sponsor:&RUURVLRQDQG(QYLURQPHQWDO(൵HFWV technologies applicable to light alloys. This may include Committee advanced studies on the improvement of structure; optimization of phase composition, mitigation of casting Topic: Surface Engineering for Improved defects as well as advances in casting and melt treatment Corrosion or Wear Resistance WHFKQRORJ\$OVRFRQVLGHUHGLVWKHH[WHQVLRQRIWKH Scope: Corrosion and wear are surface phenomena and technology to recycled alloys. Both experimental and therefore, surface engineering has been used to improve modelling studies will be considered, the latter requiring both properties. Coatings, surface alloying, gradient experimental validation. structures, nanocrystallization, and inhibitors have been Editor: Dmitry Eskin applied to tailor the surfaces for improved corrosion Sponsor: $OXPLQXP&RPPLWWHH and wear resistance. This special topic focuses on capturing recent advancements in: 1) surface engineering Topic: Advances in Processing, Manufacturing, technologies to improve corrosion and/or wear resistance and Applications of Magnetic Materials and 2) theoretical understanding of corrosion and/or wear Scope: We welcome the submission of papers on behavior of the surfaces. advances for synthesizing, processing, and characterization Editors:7XVKDU%RUNDU$ULI0XEDURNDQG5DMHHY of magnetic materials including permanent and soft Gupta magnets, energy conversion, and multiferroic materials Sponsor: Surface Engineering Committee 1577 Table of Contents 1578 call for papers January 2022 February 2022 Manuscript Deadline: August 1, 2021 Manuscript Deadline: September 1, 2021 Topic: New and Novel Laboratory and Pilot Topic: Characterization of Techniques for Pyrometallurgy Waste-Derived Materials Scope: Laboratory and pilot testing is critical for Scope: Papers are invited on the latest achievements in advancing our understanding of pyrometallurgical exploration of novel value-added materials derived from processes. Due to advances in analytical techniques and various wastes. In particular, papers on characterization our understanding of pyrometallurgy, laboratory and DQGPRGL¿FDWLRQIRUWKRVHRULJLQDWHGIURPPLQHUDO pilot testing is advancing as well. This topic focuses metallurgical/material processing are welcome. Of interest on describing new and novel piloting and laboratory are multifunctional slag/tailing-based materials with techniques, illustrating their use and the advances that have unique combinations of desirable thermo-mechanical- been made. chemical performance for sustainable industrial and Editors: Stuart Nicol and Will Hanneman municipal applications. Sponsor: Pyrometallurgy Committee Editors: =KLZHL3HQJ CELEBRATION SINCE 1871 February 27-March 3, 2022 Anaheim, California, USA #TMSAnnualMeeting TMS2022 WILL FEATURE: Join us next year in Anaheim, California, for the TMS 2022 Annual Meeting & Exhibition (TMS2022) and continue the celebration of the 150th Anniversary year of TMS and the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers (AIME). CALL FOR ABSTRACTS NOW OPEN! Submit Your Work by July 1, 2021 www.tms.org/TMS2022 Empowering Metallurgists, Process Engineers and Researchers Do you rely on handbook data? What if the materials data you need doesn’t exist? With Thermo-Calc you can: Calculate phase-based proper�es as a func�on of Base Decisions on scien�fically supported composi�on, temperature and �me models Fill in data gaps without resor�ng to costly, Accelerate materials development while �me-consuming experiments reducing risk Predict how actual vs nominal chemistries will affect Troubleshoot issues during materials processing property data Over 40 Thermodynamic and Kine�c Databases Choose from an extensive selec�on of thermodynamic and mobility databases in a range of materials, including: Steel and Fe-Alloys Nickel High Entropy Alloys 70 1000 Lath Total # of Alloys - 1032 1500 Plate RMS - 28.3 60 800 Epsilon 1450 Failure 50 1400 600 1350 40 400 1300 Calculated Ms [K]Calculated 30 200 Frequency 1250 20 Celsius Temperature, 1200 0 10 1150 1100 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1240 1245 1250 1255 1260 1265 1270 1275 1280 1285 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 Experimental Ms [K] Solidus temperature (°C) Mole Frac�on Al Comparison of calculated and experimental Varia�on in solidus temperature over 1000 Calculated phase diagram along the Ms temperatures for a wide range of steels composi�ons within alloy 718 specifica�on composi�on line of CoCrFeNi-Al Al Alloys Ti and TiAl Alloys Oxides 2.5 SiO2 Ti-6Al-4V [IMI] 1.0 [1961Wil] [1962McG] 0.9 2.0 Two Liq. 0.8 0.7 1.5 0.6 0.5 w(SiO2) Ran 1.0 0.4 Hat Linear expansion (%) Linear expansion 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 CaO w(Al2O3) Al2O3 Temperature, °C Dissolu�on of Mg2Si precipitate Linear expansion vs Temperature for Ternary liquidus projec�on in oxide in Alloy A6401 Ti-6Al-4V systems www.thermocalc.com [email protected]