mue 3Jnbian ~tuool Journal
PUBLISHED EVERY c71iONTH IN THE INTERESTS OF THE UNITED STATES INDIAN SERVICE
~ND PRINTED BY INDIAN APPRENTICES AT THE INDIAN PRINT SHOP. CHILOCCO. OKLAHOMA
VOLUME SEVEN FOR DECEMBER NUMBER TWO
CQXTE.\'TS: A Liberal Education- Br Thoma.> Henry Huxlel' !) A Typicnl Hopi House Scene- Frontispiece 10 Pen and Cnmera in Tusayan Part I.- IIIustmte
Tm: h"l>lA'i HOOL Jm-L'iAI i.. h,uoo. from the Chilo('l"O ~·h()or .. printin~ deparbntot. the JDf'- (.hanical work on it bei~ done by ..tudeo of the I;("hoo} under the dire<'ti'on of the "<'hoor ... Printer. THI: Joras.u. h,a... a wide C'irrnlatwo, both in and out ofthe GQn'rnment. n·ire. See the .\meri· can :Sewspaper Director~y for bona·fidf' circula.tioo. Ad\"ertising rates made known on application. Communications "'hould be addrb-.ed to TUL I, D1" ScHOOl, JOCR.,\,AI., S. )1. )lcCow ..", Editor, or E. K. )Iu,u:a. Busine--"i )Ianager. 2 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ADVERTISING SECTIO' Chilocco R.R. Time Table Tht trai".. btlQlr slop daily.
'.-\..'\TA FE ROCTE.-Station one anti one· half mile e~t of Administration Builrling Guing nurth: Xu. at 11:;', a. ill.: Xu. 408 IRaw City Train at 6:.~ p. m. Guin1! :,outh: Xa. 40, at g:l~ a. ill.: Xu. II.; at II:Ql a. ill.
FRJ·OO LiSE 'tation known 3::'1 Cale, uth bouad. ,:30 a. ill. aad 5:Q2 p. 01 : north bound. l~:().l a. ill. and 6:38 p. 01. SEW ERA 1IILLISG C011 PHI, Manufacturer-; of the Celebrated "POLAR BEAR" FLOUR. ARKANSAS CITY, KANSAS DOANE & JARVIS 'hm maC"'\M~ l1'latlOM, REMEMBER US 1l.llltltl\es, earr\a.tles, 'J\e\o. Whenever you want HAR ES a'l\o. ~aTo.e'l\ 'fleeo., etc., etc. or a bill of 8ARDWARE.
los S. Su liit. A.RK..!...YSASCITY. KLV HAMILTON HARDWARE CO Geo. L. Beard, Arkansas City, Kans. Guns, Ammunition and Sporting Goods G . .;:;. Hartley Pre... x_ D. ~aDders. ca.r;bid F"lShinr bckle and Athletic Goods. The Citizens State Bank fine Rcpoirinr' Spttaltr. C.piW. Fiftr Tholl5and. FoUr faid MILLER'S Home In~tilDtiun. PHOTOS Beadwork ARE THE BEST. .bd: ,I>< 1 ndian Bcadwork of the Sioux and. other tn . il. nest. at wholesale to dealers in Indian CuriO!. in dian BaJk.ds. Birc.h Bark and Sweet GraM good5for tmpire ;Jteam :£aundrl(, t be trade. Elk Teeth at wholesale. I huy or st11 the"~ ARK.~:;qSAS write CITY. \u• quantitie5. U you have any to ~11 me.I , L M· L F ·L Ai,,,N,'" ~one Arrow Haw. loerau. OS5U.5. '1 TELEPHONE xo. 2.5. .' . Reta' ies. Indian Photos and. CUriOS In variety. · Wh 1.,.J, ,bo«· C. N. I-:lUr1t. P I-oprie::to.r. at. of 52 pag~. for.sc tn stamps. 0 L l,et h'lD· o dealers only. free. 512.000 noel: to st ONE DOOR NORTH OF GLADSTONE HOTEL, L. W. STILLWELL. Deadwood. S. 0 ~lenlioD]lhefJouR."'A.1, wbenl"\,", THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ADVERTISL'lG SECTION 3 "See America First"
CALIFORNIA and PACIFIC COAST Through Coloraao ana Utah via the Denver (i), R.io Grande Railroad "Scenic Line of the World" The entire journey, Den ver to Salt Lake City and Ogden, is through the Rocky Mountains Colorado Springs, Pike's ~ Peak, the Royal Gorge, ~~ -- --_ :ii$ -'0' "'" MAnOLL.,.... Grand Canon of the Ar- .:7 -- ;;~- _DENVl:R AND . -'~ -_, - ,R-IOJ GQANDE kansas, Tennessee Pass, ~ _ :. ~ L R 0 A 0 Eagle River Canon, Canon ~.!J -- of the Grand, Glenwood Springs, Castle Gate and 5aft Lake City are all located on the main line and can be seen from the car windows, without extra expense for side trips. 5tofXRIfrs any'llJnere on tne Rio Granae 'IlJitnin transit ana {iM( limit. Observation Cars, Seats Free Through all the Canons For illustrated pamphlets and information as to rates. train ervice, etc., address S. K. HOOPER, General Pass. ana Ticket Ag(. 'Denver, Coloraao.
)fenlion tbe JO'[!RSAL when yon write our adverti"ef'. THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ADVERTISING SECTIO,' Midland Valley R. R. Co.
II r k a n s a s It i v e r R 0 ute
TI~fE CARD
OCTH BOC~D \ORTH BOC\D DAILY DAILY
Lean~."i Arkansas City - 1 :::w 3. Ill' Leay,", )luskogee S :(JI) a. m. Arrives Hardy S:4J .. Arri\"e:-. Tulsa. lQ,3,; ,. Foraker -- 10 ,311 .. ~elogony H,4,; p. m. Pawhu;ka H ,3<1 p. m. Pawhllika 1,3<1 ,. ~el Dr -!:~t) ., Foraker 3:.>.> ,. Tul", ~,w Hardy j:4..i .. )Iuskogee j ,0.; •• .ukansa. City - i:oo "
J. F. HOLDEN, T. E. McMEANS, Vice President, Agent, Ft. Smith. Arkansas Arkansas City. K'Il!.
NAVAJO NATIVE SADDLE BLANKETS n THE Indian Print hop announce; to its patrons and friends that 'lJ., it has through the efforts of one of its representatil'l~'. been fortu nate enough to secure a few \ati\'e ~avajo Saddle Blankets-something we haye been out of for some time. These blankets are of the size to fold, and 1 weigh from 2 '2 to 5 4 pounds each. The prices range from .50 to 6.50, according to quality and Weaye. These blankets are fine ones and we sug gest that those who ha\'e been enquiring for these blankets. order now. There is nothing to equal them for this use, and, of course, they \\;ll wear forever. Order now and tate whether to hip by express or &eight ======Addre" , ======THE I1\ DIA T PR ITT SH a P, Navajo Blankets and Acoma Pottery, Chi/occo, Okla.
~~Dtion the JOt:R:SAL WbeDe~er you write OUf advertisen-o THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOl'RNAL-ADVEREISING SECTION 5 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ . ~ ~ rJjtautifuI j!}olibap ~ ~ ~ifts for jfritnbs ~. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ A Santa Clara Loving Cup; Our Own Stock ~ ~ Doesn't this refute the belief by Some People ~ ~ that the Indian makes nothing artistic? The ~ ~ Indian Print Shop has some of these cups for ~ ~ distribution at prices from 15c t.o $4.00 each ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ 6 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ADVERTISING SECTION ~·············~m~~, ~ ~ I HAVE yOU A GOD? I ~ ~ ~ 1r'HI is one ~ ~ \L.I of our own ~ ~ gods-that is, ~ ~ a photo of one ~ ~ of those we are ~ ~ selling in our !i ~ endeavors to 7W'OIi ~ aid all worthy I Indians to cre- ~ ate a demand ~ ~ for their handi· I ~ craft. It is ~ one of those I ~ TESUQUE ~ ~ RAINGODS ~ ~ you have heard I so much about. ~ They are made I ~ by the Indians ~ ~ of Tesuque pu- ~ ~ eblo, ew Mex- ~ ~~ ico. They are ~~ ~ odd; made 6 to r.T
CAPITAL $50,000: UNDIVIDED PROFITS, $25.000.
-DIRECTDRS- WM. E. OTl~ .IXO. L. PAR~OXS. J. MACK LO\-E. E. XEFF. A. H. DE~l'OX. WM. E. OTIS. PR!:8rDE~T. A. H. DENTON, CA$HIER.
For the biggest assortment of FOR DRUGS, BOO KS, Fme Stationery and Lowney's Good Gas Goods Chocolates. at lowest prices ('A ",. A'I' tJolliff & tJwarfs, Gilbert-Sturtz Hdw. Co. Everything in Hard ware Arkamas City, Kamas. DR. L. D. MITCHELL, T. B. OLDROYD Br>d ...DENTlST... COMPANY, Oppositt Firmas' Stalt Bank, in K. f. Blnck. FURNITURE AND UNDERTAKING Arkansas City, Kansas. CD ~ b V7 L. D. HODGE JJlJadger ."..um er "0. DENTIST, B. W. BOARDllIAN, Arm!. Lumber and Building Material Over Home National Bank, EsUnL1t.. (htmnllr GiTm. Arbnsas Qty, Kn. ARKAXSAS CITr. KAX A.
WE SAVE YOU MONEY
On DrJ Goods, Clothing lind Shoes. Immense Assortment lind the VerJ Lowest Prices. No Trouble to Show Goods.
THE NEWMAN DRY GOODS COMPANY, ARKAXSAS CITY K.-\XSA~. 8 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ADVERTISING SECTION
NORTH,EAST AND WEST
FINE SERVICE (8}, LOW RATE
«.Best Line to St. Paul and Minneapolis.-Trains leave Kansas City 11:35 a. m. and 9:40 p. m. Best Line to Chicago.-The "Eli" leaves Kansas City 6:20 p. m. Best Line to St. Louis.- Three fast trains from Kansas City: 10 a. m. -9:15 p. m. -11:45 p. m. 4i&st Line to Denver.- Leal'e Kamas City £.W a. m. and 9:40 p. m.
Best Line to the Great Northwest.- Black Hills, South Dakota, Billings, Butte and Helena, Mont.; Spokane, Seattle and Tacoma, Wash., and Portland, Oregon.-Leave Kansas City 9:50 a. m. and 6:05 p. m. -Through Touri t and Standard Sleepers and Chair Cars.
C. B. OGLE, T. P. A., E. A. ABBOTT, S. W. P. A.,
823 Main St., Kansas City, U\10. Kansas City, :/'Ao.
THE POPULAR SHORT LINE
BETWEE~ T. LoUIS, KASSAb CITY A.."D Poe'TS 1:< ARKA~ AS AND L"DlA." TERRrroRV AND AR KA: H. C. TO"Vr:lSeXLd, G. P. & T. A· ST. LOUIS. ~IISSOURI. The Journal Covers a Field all its Own The Only Way to Reach Employes of the U. S. Government. Yeotion the J01;R:s ... L 1I'benl"ver you write our advertisers. A Liberal Education 1IT"'HAT man, I think. has a liberal education whose ~ body has been so trained in youth that it is the ready sen"ant of his "ill, and does with ease all that, as a mechanism, it is capable of; whose intellect is a clear, cold, logic engine, ,lith all its palts of equal strength and in smooth rUllning order, ready, like a ~team engine, to be turned to any kind of work and to spin the gossamers as well as forge the anchors of the mind; whose mind is stored with the knowledge of the great fundamental truths of nature and the laws of her operations; one who, no stunted ascetic, is full of life and fire, but whose passions have been trained to come to heel by a ,igorous "ill, the selTant of a tender con science; one who has learned to love all beauty. whether of nature or of art. to hate all "ilene . and to esteem othel . as himself. - TIIOI1lW,. Henry Huxley A TYI'ICAI.. HOI'I HOllHI~ Sl'I,:NE MAlIH:N (;lllNDING COHN WI'L'lI M8TA'rl"':, q VOLUMJ;: SJ;:VEN FOR DECEMBER NUMBER TWO PEl. T A TO CA:\lERA L T TCSAVAN PART aXE By EDGAR K. )IILLER WAS more than plea~ from Holbrook, a town on the Santa en to accept a com Fe, where camp outfits may be rented m iss ion from my and from which place, Oraibi, the superintendent this furthermost Hopi pueblo, is about 120 summer that would miles by way of Keams Canon. Cut allow me the privi ting off at Thysing's trading post, 50 lege and pleasure of miles out, and going north-we t, one a trip to Hopiland. can saye about 25 miles, but unle s in the heart of th~ the party attempting the trip is fully ~loqui Resenation. equipped with a complete camp out Arizona. The \\Titer i cognizant of fit, the former route, although a day the criticisms, from certain quarters. longer. is much the pleasante t and one draws forth upon any attempt to safest. for at Kearn Canon is located describe this great Painted Desert a fine U. S. Indian School and Hub and its inhabitants without the sup bell's trading post, where the party is posed .qualification of at least one assured comfortable housing and a year's residence among them. so it place to stock up for the last portion will be well for me to state at the of the trip in. The fdre for one pass start that the following is not an at enger, Holbrook to Keams Canon, is tempt to scientifically describe these 2-ioo. A camp outfit. including people. and are only personal im driyer, can be secured for about $12.00 pre sion of the Painted Desert Re per day. gion and it peoples receiyed from an The writer was accompanied by overland trip from Gallup.•'ew _lex eight •'ayajo student returning to ico, to Oraibi. Arizona. a sojourn their homes on the .'avajo reserva near the three ~lesa of some two tion, so he left the Santa Fe train at weeks, and thence back to Holbrook. Gallup, starting oyerland for Oraibi, via Ft. Defiance, the Navajo Agency, Arizona. One can enter Hopiland from many a distance of 170 miles. Starting different points: most tourists start three of the students out for their 12 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL homes with an Indian team the first ed in a different way-as much as a day, I left Gallup the next morning white man does his. on the mail carrier's coach with my One young man, Hoski Tallman, interpreter and four students for Ft. who had been away to Chilocco for Defiance, 35 miles away. The fare three years and who had worked in between these points is S3.00 per the beetfields of Colorado during the passenger. month of June and July, had not At noon we stopped at an abandoned seen his folks since leaving the reser coal mine for lunch. At this place vation for school. His father wa a Supt. Perry, of the Navajo Agency, member of the agency police force and met me with his fast team of mules and when I made known to him of his a little after two I was enjoying the son's expected arrival, the mile that hospitality of him and Mrs. Perry at lit up his face and the hearty hand their cottage at the Fort. Here I clasp he gave me silently spoke of his sent out word to the parents and great pleasure and gratification. He people of the students with me, noti held hi open hand out parallel with fying' them that they might come af and about four and a half feet from ter them to the Agency. one of the ground. His sign question was: these families were expecting their About thi tall now? I laughed and children, and the greetings between shook my head. He was a fine them and the members of my party specimen of manhood-ilver six feet fully satisfied me that the Navajo of finely built bone and muscle be loves his offspring-though manifest- tween the soles of hi moccasin and FT. DE:FI,lliCE:, 'A\'AJO ACEKCY A.'m SCHOOL. THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL 13 horrors and dangers, is beyond my pen. In the language of one promi nent author: "It is a wonderful region \;ewed from any standpoint. Scenic! It is unrivalled for uniqueness, contra ts, variety, grandeur. desolateness, and majesty. Geologic! The tudent may here find in a few months what a life time cannot reveal. Arti tic! The artist will find it his rapture and his despair. Archaeologic! Ruins every where, cavate, cliff and pueblo dwell ings, waiting for im'estigation, and doubtless, score as yet undiscovered. Ethnologic! Hopi, Wallapai, Havasu pai, Navaho, Apache, and the rest; HOPI MARRIAGEABLE MAIDENS. with mythologies as fascinating and complex as those of old Greece; WIth the top of his uncovered head. When histories that lose themselves in dim I raised my hand and lifted it out not legend and tradition, and that tell of quite as high as his che-ah, he shook his feuds and wars, massacres and con head in a manner that plainly an flicts, that extend over centuries. nounced his surprise. When the boy "It is a land of ruins, desolate and arrived, his father was the first at his forlorn, buried and forgotten, with side and with arms around each other histories tragic, bloody, romantic; and tears of happiness in their eyes ruins where charred timbers, ghastly they silently manifested their feelings bones, and demolished walls speak of of love and family affection. midnight attacks, treacherous sur prises, and cruel slaughters; where The Painted Desert Region. whole cities have been exterminated All of that vast region of ew Mex and destroyed as if under the ancient ico and Arizona occupied by the" av command to the Hebrew : 'Destroy, ajos and Hopis is a part of the slay, kill and spare not.' Painted Desert Region, the bounda "A desert country, and yet, in ries of which its discoverers, Corona spots, marvellously fertile. Barren, do and his band of conquistadors wild, desolate, forsaken itis. and yet, some three hundred and fifty years here and there, fertile valleys, wooded ago-as well as all writers upon this slopes, and garden patche may be subject since have failed to make clear. found as rich as any on earth. The Spaniards in marching from the "Where atmospheric colorings are south upon the Hopi \;llages, after so perfect lind so divinely artistic in the conquest at Cibola (Zuni), desig their applications that weary and de nated it as "El pintado Desierto." And olate de8erts are made dreams of glory no one yet has ever questioned its and supremest beauty, and harsh, right to the title. A proper concep rugged mountains are sublimated into tion in this article of its marvellous transcendent pictures of tender tints beauties, its wonders, its peoples, its and everchanging but always harmo- 14 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL uch is Tusayan the land of the Hopi. O..erlJ lid to Kea /M Canoll. Leaving Ft. Defiance for Oraibi one trayels we t and a little north. To Ganado, Mr. J. L. Hubbell's ranch and trading post, the next top in our journey, is a distance 0 f about fifty miles. We made it-three of us- in one day's driye with an In ON THE WAY TO THE ECO~D MESA. dian team, the sen-ices nious combinations of color. A land of the.-al'ajo driyerand team co ting where rain may be seen falling in fif eight ilver dollars. The )1ayajo al ty showers all around, and ret not a ways insist on payments to him be drop fall, for a year or "more, on ing made in ilver. The road to Ga the spot where the ob'en'er stands. nado from Gallup is somewhat shorten .. A land of sculptured images and ed by cutting off at t. Michaers H : fantastic carvin~s. Where water. pital and going south of Ft. Defiance. wind, storm, and. fro t, heat, atmo' In other than the rainy season it is phere and other agencie-, unguided not bad, a eries of going up o,er and and uncontrolled by man, have com skirting barren ridges, dropping down bined to make figure more strikinl!. into long canons and tediously wending more real, more picturesque, mOle ug your wador mile oyer level, sandy ly, more beautiful, and more fantastic plain with nothing to look upon but than ~hose of the angels, devils, saints buttes, sagebru h, chaparral. scrub and. smners that crown and adorn the cedar and sand. ancIent Pagan shrine of the Orient The carcity of water make journey and the more modem Christian hrine ing in the Painted Desert Region a o~ the Occident;- a veritable Toom serious affair. Water for trayelers is pm-nu-wear-tu-weep-Land of th alway carried in small casks attached Standing Rocks-more eng t' e b' an IC, to the carriage or buckboard, and the wonderful and attractive than can last thing looked after is the satisfac be, ~ound elsewhere in the world. tory an wer to the que tion: "Has the Indeed the Painted Region, though water cask been filled ?" Water for a part of the United States of Am . .I en- the team is another thing. Tbls ca,ls a and of peoples strange uniq makes it imperious for one to knoW complex, dil'erse and sin~lar ue, that hi guide or driver i famIliar c~n be found in any similar area :n with the trails and the location of ~h: ceartf' ~nd the physical COntour of springs or pockets where water is as oun ry IS as stranl!e and diverse a sured for the team; for once out on are the peoples who inhabit it. " the de ert without a knowledge of the THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL 15 water holes you are looking Death After-to me-a long, hot, steady, squarely in the face with the chances dusty drive with only one stop for against you of eluding him. Between lunch at noontime, we arrived at the Ft. Defiance and Ganado we found one Canon school jut in time for a late pocket with water in it and there we supper. During this day's journey stopped for the noon-day lunch of not a soul did we see. The desert seem- HOPI ON THEIR l-IATI\"E HEATH.-THEIR METHOD OF TRAVELLING. crackers, sardines and fruit. While ed utterly devoid of living creatures. eating, a heavy storm came up and we The cost of the team and driver for were soon shivering in a real winter this day's drive made the Govern rain and hailstorm up in the mountains, ment ten dollars poorer. although the month was August. A stay at the Canon for a couple of After a stop-over at Hubbell's days was necessary to get our outfit Ranch, the clever and hospitable host ready for the balance of the way to of which is known from one end of Oraibi, thirty-five miles further west· the States to the other for his "open ward. door" policy and generosity, and of Here let me digress from my nar whom I will more fully speak in an rative long enough to speak of the other article. we again, bright and hospitality shown my Hopi interpreter, early, with an Indian team and driv Chas. Addington, and myself, by the er, took up the thread of our journey employees at this school. At no place westward, intending, if the God of was I evertreated with a more friend Fortune was with us, to make Keams ly spirit. I was impressed with these Canon, a distance of fifty miles, that conditions here, not because the recip· night. ient of genuine hospitality happened 16 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL to be me, but more through compari felt the heat. After leaving the on with the genial, jovial, pleasant mouth of Keams Canon the country people at Keams Canon and those broadens out into a great sandy plain, stati?ned at some other places in the .huge areas of II'hich do not contain one serVlce. human being. It is no uncommon In this canon. a mile farther down, thing to travel here for days without is to be found the ranch and tradillg seeing a single sign of life. post of Mr. Lorenzo Hubbell, where As we started out over the wash, every courtesy is gratuitously extend across which we could see in the dis ed the traveler by e\'eryone on the tance the First Mesa, with the gap in place, from the big-hearted host to the center, the atmosphere became Butler Arnold in charge of the com closer and the sun hotter. For fortable home of ~Ir. Hubbell, for be it miles and miles one can see scorching known Mr. Hubbell is a bachelor. sand and sagebrush-sage-brush and The Indian school here is a well scorching sand. As the horses equipped plant with a capacity for 150 labor along-the wagon wheels sinking students and is mostly filled with boys into the sand from two to SLX inches and girls from the Hopi mesas. al eVllry once in awhile stopping to rest, though there are quite a few Navajo you forget your own discomfort and children there too, from the fact that wish you might aid them, even for a Navajo families are scattered out here moment determining upon getting and there on the Moqui reservation. down and walking. As you put your The site of the school is decidedly pic head and shoulders from under cover turesque, the buildings of native stone into the full glare of the hot sun, which being lined up against the high rock is reflected from the wh;te sand. you walls of one side of the canon. The change your mind and drop back on Canon was named after Mr. Keams, the wagon seat beside "Willie." the an English gentleman, who ettled ilent , avajo. there many years ago, establishing Going down through this wash you the post now owned by Mr. Hubbell. pass through the first Hopi corn fields. My visit was made during vacation Here and there are also clump of and in the absence of Supt. and Mrs. peach trees, and now and then a Lemmon, Mr. taufer. who ha been "wireless, boardless, naille " Hopi there some fifteen years, was In fence, which surrounds a patch of charge. melon vines, just coming up through the sand. After cro sing the Walpi Entering Hopi Land. wash vou ascend a winding wagon It was a beautiful Monday morning trail \~hich leads you up to the Polac when we left the school on the trip to ca (Government) day school and the the First Mesa. We-my interpreter. homes of Miss Abbot, U. S. field ma "Willie" the Navajo guide-driver, and tron, and the Bapti t missionaries, myself, were equipped with an out ~nsses Johnson and Schofield. fit consisting of a schooner-wagon and From this point a good view can be a fine team of heavy bays. Not until had of the first of the three long fin this day had we experienced any real ger-shaped mesas upon which are built discomfort on our trip. It had rained the seven cities of the Hopituh-Peace several times and was cloudy a great ful People-as they call themselves. er part of the time 0 that we had not The name Moki, or Moqui, ofttimes THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL 17 This Firstor East Mesa contains the villages of Hano(Tewa)Sichumovi and Walpi. Upon the Second or Middle Mesa is Mishongnovi, Shipaulovi and Chimopovi. Upon the crest of the Third or West Mesa we find the larg est, most ancient, interesting and primitive of Hopi pueblos-Oraibi. It is impossible to distinguish any of these villages from a di~tance. how ver, for the houses are built together and of adobe and rock so much in cGlor alike to thatof the mesa one considers them knolls or continuations of the rocky mesa summits until you are quite upon them. From the Polacca school the tourist can see to the south and east, stretch ing out for miles and miles, the flat valley with its cornfields and peach orchards. Looking toward the mesa, towering some three hundred feet up, your eye meets a sight which holds you enthralled. In front are great billows of ever-shifting sands, massive towers, piles of rock, pillars, ruins and spires, made when no one knows, and painted by nature in her matchless colors of yellow, red and hrown. Ev ery line and color is vividly brought out by the descending sun; every point and spire silhouetted against the clear blue sky. It is a sight you will bring A SECTIOS Of THE WALPI TRAIL. up in memory many times in the fu ture. applied to this tribe. is a name given From this point. armed with my Ko these people by the Navajos, who dak, and accompanied by my inter u ed to wage a relentless war upon preter, who was treading places famil them, and later by the Spaniards. Mo iar, we sought the spring to cool our ki in Navajo means dead. The word faces and quench our thirst, after Tusavan bv which the Hopi country which we mounted the stony steps is kn~w~, i~ also of Navajo origin, that led to the precipitous trail to meaning in that tongue, a land of iso Hano. After a climb up of some lated buttes. Although their reserva twenty or thirty minutes, we entered tion is known as the Moqui reserva Hano. tion, the Government has adopted Visiting the Pueblos. Hopi as the official classification of the people. • .This little pueblo contains about 170 18 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL HOPI PUEBLO OF W ALPI, "WBICH REARS ITS HEAD HIGH ABOVE THE PLAINS BELOW." soul and was founded in 1600 by some found Sichumo\;, the mallest of Hopi roving members of the Tanoan tribes villages. There is hardly a hundred inhabiting the valley of the Rio souls here. It was founded by a few Grande. They were promised a home Walpians who leftthe main village for among the Hopi provided they assisted some unknown cause. Here I was in defending the villages against at surprised to find a Hano woman weav tacks from enemies. Up to this day. ing a avajo blanket. The houses of although mixed somewhat with Hopi Hano are mostly of two- and three blood, they have kept their mother story terraces; those of Sichumovi tongue in a comparatively pure tate. only one story. Hano is noted e pecially for one Starting again southward you find thing: Hopi pottery excells all other that the top of the rocky mesa nar Indian pottery in point of symmetry rows to a trail, the width of which is and beautiful shapes, and the people only a few feet. Here you notice, as of Hano are noted as the most expert you will at Acoma, the trail in the molders of this Hopi handicraft; the flinty rock worn down to the depth of work of two. Nampeyo and her several inches. Who can say how daughter, being especially sought. many generations of moccasined feet after by connoiseurs and the intelli have here passed? What thoughts gent curio-collecting public, for it i and imaginations flit thr.ough my mind well known that she is the greatest as I tread this dizzy and narrow path living Indian potter. A visit to her way! home is a pleasant memory. Walpi stands beyond, a city built Going through Hano, half-way be upon rocks, which rears its head high tween that pueblo and Walpi. we above the plains below. as though THE I.'DIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL 19 • haughtiously proud of its position in peaks of the San Francisco range. the world. It is a city of one street; My camera gives you some idea of the houses are from one to three stor how picturesque Walpi, the "Place of ies. There are nearly 250 souls here. the Gap" is. It is probably the most well-known Coming slowly down the trail pueblo of the Hopi villages, for besides in order to more fully comprehend the being nearest to ci\;lization, the wondrous beauty and allow impress Snake and Antelope ceremonies are ion of the place to soak in, we arriv held here every other year, alternat ed at camp to find "Willie" waiting ing with those at Oraibi. From this with supper which we soon disposed wonderful city, on the point of the me of with a relish. After rolling- my sa, one views a marvellous panorama. self in blankets, with the soft sand At our feet are the ancient ruins of the for a bed and the sky for a roof, I homes of former Walpians, beyond the went to sleep gazing up at the stars sleeping valleys dotted here and there and thinking of thi~ great deselt and with spots of green made by the peach its strange peoples. trees and cornfields, to the east great We were awakened early the next billows of sand, far away fantastic morning by the sound of a Hopi crier and queer-shaped buttes outlined who, perched upon a hOll etop, was an clearly against the summer sky, and nouncing in loud tones some important way off to the west the sHow-capped gathering to his people. It was in • • HOPI POTTERY-A WORK OF ART BY NAMPEYO. Photo~Tapb of Olla from lbe ... If "k of The Indian Priot "'h 'I'. THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL time to see the gorgeous sunrise and After leaving the First Mesa we drink in the morning air. Here an in followed the trail around the southern cident happened which brought us point and crossing the valley hetween, back to civilization. Miss Abbott came a distance of seven miles, we find our out and insisted that we take break selyes on the summit of the Second fast with her. This we were glad to Mesa, upon which stands Mishongnovi, do and enjoyed to the fullest extent Shipaulovi and Chimopovi. These her generous hospitality. Through three villages contain about 500 in such sacrificing souls as Miss Abbott habitants. Of these three villages, are we enabled only to make progress Shipaulovi is the most commanding toward civilization and enlightenment and picturesque, it being perched with these mysteriou , skeptical peo loftily upon a point of rock projecting ple. Miss Abbott has been located at shear above the mesa summit. From the First Mesa for nine years, and her this village one can look down upon labors for good cannot be computed. all the other Hopi pueblos and see for The Baptists have two missionaries, many mile in every direction. Chi spoken of above, located here. They mopovi is several miles from these two were just finishing their little chapel pueblos, on another point of the same the day we arrived. Miss Johnson mesa. The inhabitants of the villages reports that spiritual progress is very of the Second Mesa are noted for their slow. but she sees many encouraging beautiful basket-plaques, an Indian features of the work which makes handicraft of much artistic worth and her more hopeful of ultimate results. very appropriate for home decoration. HOPI BASKET PLAQUE.-SECOND MESA HAKDlCRAFT-FIvE CoLORR. Phol(l of Plaque from ..,lock of The Indian Print ShOI AN OJIBWA CO TCIL FIRE oREJOICE in their printed program could throw little ~~~;., own way is a pleas light upon this, as I was told that ure which is rapid things transpired when everything ly becoming a luxu was "Good and Ready." It was said ry among the Indi that last year the sunrise salute was ans. Dancing is the fired at ten o'clock in the morning. Indian's method of A platform with canopy of green working up his en boughs was arranged for the distin thusiasm, but un guished visitors, and from this plat fortunately it does form the speeches were made. The not develop an en interest naturally centered in the re thusiasm for manual labor, and cent edict permitting the Indians to this is what we are especially anx sell their land. This law would go in ious to have the Indian acquire. to effect one week from that day, and The Indian agents usually dis the counsel given to the Indians by courage the dances but the OJ ibwa the white men from neighboring at White Earth, Minn., are allowed towns was very good, one speaker to hold an Annual Council Fire and even urging them to hold their lands Dance to celebrate their removal from as they would soon be worth a hun Gull Lake to their present location. dred dollars an acre. It is well to be I had the pleasure of attending these optimistic! festivities on June 14th, 1906. Among the speakers was the old For several days beforehand Indi chief Mishegishig, (Cloudy Sky,) ans were arriving with their families, who stood in quiet dignity beside the driving their wagons from distant interpreter. His long gray hair rest parts of the reservation and setting ed on his shoulders, his black suit was up their camps near the grounds where neatly brushed, and he fanned him the dances and contests were to be self with a white goose-wing. From held. These camps were very pictur his place he could look over the heads esque, some having the conical tee of the crowd, beyond the white men pl'e covered with sheets of birch bark, and out upon the prairie-his people's and others the cloth teepee, or the prairie, -beautiful in the June sun little white army tent. shine. In a few years it will be "farm There was a pleasant sociability lands," rejoicing in waving min and everywhere, as friends greeted each tasseled corn, forgetting the wild other and exchanged the latest items flowers and the galloping feet of the of news. At one camp a hammock was Indian ponies. Mishegishig did not being swung between two trees; at an speak of this. An Indian does not other the men were cutting a freshly often talk of such things. If you do killed beef into steaks for broiling on not understand them without talk, pointed sticks and huge pieces to be what use in trying to explain? put in the kettles. The old chief fanned himself with "Whattime is the parade to begin ?" the white goose-wing and told of his was the Question often heard. The pleasure at the friendly feeling be- 22 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL SOME OF THE CHIPPEWA DANCERS IN COSTUME. tween the white men and his people. ed their attention. This is the larg He said that year ago the white men est Episcopal Mission to the Indian scorned his people, but now treated in northern Minnesota and with great them with a growing respect. The patriotism was called "St. Columbia's hero of many a raid against the Sioux Church" by the White Earth "Tom he told of his friendliness to the whites ahawk. " during the massacre in 1862, and of The dancing did not begin until his good offices in helping to quell the three o'clock, possibly it required that trouble at Leech Lake a few years length of time for the Indian to com ago. He must have been a statesman plete their toilettes. The co tumes to have led his people through all these were most elaborate, bright-colored difficult years,-to have kept them at shirts and embroidered leggings mak peace with their conquerors through ing the garniture of ribbons, sleigh out the slow realization of defeat. bells and bead-work the more effective. He advised all the younger Indians Feathers and fur were liberally em to follow his upright example, but ployed, and the older men wore these they had already grown restless and upon their glossy hair, leaving to the wandered away to pastures new, so half-breeds the broad black felt hat his good counsel was wasted upon with its prodigal streamers and skein teachers from Government Schools of red or purple yarn wound around and other spectators. the crown. A base ball game, logrolling con One dancer had fa tened a black test, lemonade galore, and a most ex horse's mane so that it entirely con cellent dinner served in a nearby cealed his face, and he danced with Government building by the ladies' his head thrust forward. Down his Guild of St. Columbia's Church claim- back was a beaver skin, and on his THE INDLU< SCHOOL JOURNAL 23 shoulders were two white owl wings, whose-goodness-shines-as-he- walks. ) with a bright bit of tin between them. The leader at the drum was making On either hip was the breast and one a speech and holding up an eagle wing of a duck, from the tips of feather, from which hung a red and which fluttered bits of bright ribbon. and a broad black streamer. He tuck while a heavy red cord and tassel this feather in the ground, and as the hung below. His shoulders bore an drummers began their nonotonous embroidery of pink and blue beads on chant the dancers formed a circle red flannel. and sleighbells jingled on his ankles. I really cannot do justice to this costume, which I suspect wa considered rather bizarre, eyen by the Indians. Each dancer wore a cotton robe wrapped about him as he walked from his teepee to the dance; this robe was often the top of a new patchwork quilt, which made him a very picturesque figure. against the soft green of the prairie. All these festivities were, of course, given by the Indians entirely for their own pleasure. and it was inter esting to watch the Indian etiquette and custom which premiled. The graceful draping of the cotton blan ket, and the habit of resuming it as a wrap between the dances although WADENA AND W A!'JL"ADUBE. the day was intensely hot, called to mind the ancestral use of the blanket, around this feather, pointing their toy before the days of bright cotton shirts guns at it, or lifting them in threaten and trousers trimmed with yellow ing ge~tures to the sweet June sky. braid. At length Wanjinadube sprang for The old chiefs smoked their long ward, plucked the feather from the pipes, or fanned themselves with ground, and held it aloft, while the white goose-wings. and everything other dancers took their seats. was conducted with dignity and de "He will tell of one of his war expedi corum. tions," said my friend, and he inter One dancer wore a red flannel shirt preted for me the story of how three trimmed across the shoulders with Ojibwa sallied forth against the Sioux, long fringe, made of strips of rabbit and each returned with a scalp at skin, his cuffs were green, and his his girdle. This did not account for head-dress of porcupine quills was all the feathers in Wanjinadube's hair, dyed purple; on his left arm was fas as I noticed when he stood before me, tened the entire skin of a raccoon, and with Wadena, to have his picture he gravely carried a toy gun. taken. "Now they will have a war dance," It is interesting to sit by the fire said my friend Anhyahkaosa, (Man- and read fearsome tales of Indian 24 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL warfare, but II'hen I was among these and the tin pan that were suppo ed bl men who could really take a scalp I in pire the players. It was worth all was glad that my friend Anhyahkosa the discomfort to watch Jack Mok was so very big and strong. wa's face as he slipped the bullets In another part of the grounds the under the moccasins. ot a muscle men played La Crosse, and a very swift moved and the great dark eyes fixed game it was though not so rough a on his opponent· seemed absolutely the Canadian game. devoid of expre sion. The "Woman's Game," somewhat When the bullets were safely placed similar to La Crosse, but played by he took up his rattle and shook it vig tossing two little sticks tied together, orously while hi opponent pounded was a feature of the afternoon. The the blanket with his long stick, and women were much interested but often was obliged to look under all many of the players were at a disad four moccasins before he could find vantage in their modern attire. One the bullet \vith the little marks upon of the leaders sensibly wore an Indian it. costume, with prettily beaded mocca When the Moccasin Game was over sins and her hair in long smooth I returned to the dancers around th" braids. big drum. When she secured the two little The circle was smaller. One care sticks on the end of her long stick ful warrior was taking off his more and ran with them to the goal, easily perishable ornament and putting outdistancing all the others, it was a them in a shiny black satchel. charming picture;-f1eet of foot she Across the peaceful prairie more sped over the grass, the brilliant scar than one figure wrapped in gay patch let of her jacket and the embroidery work was returning to his teepee. I of her skirt making a vivid bit of lingered until only one Indian remain color against the background of prai ed, strongly outlined against the sun rie and blue sky. set colors of the west. There was a Moccasin Game. and I The Indian's Day of Rejoicing was sat on the ground beside the tom-tom at an end. GROUP OF TYPICAL I:-IDW STUDE.ITS AT THE U. S I:-IDIAN SCHOOL AT CHIWCCO. OKLAHOMA SIOUX COMA.''lCHE KICKAPOO CHEMEHUEVI SOME EXTRACTS FRO~f CO~nfISSIONER LEUPP'S A UAL REPORT ,Sell' Ltgu:(atiolt. tween the Klamath Indians and the Govern . If itis to be treated"" a report of progress ment, between the ,.me Indians and the In Indian affairs generally, as distinguished California and Oregon Land Company, and from the narrower function of a record of In between the Sisseton and Wahpeton Indians di~n administration only. this year'ssummary and the Governm~nt; for the correction of wIll probably be admitted to present a great past errors by such undertakings as giving er array of notable features than any of its the J Icarilla Apaches permission for the sale predecessors. .'0 Congress, I venture to say of their timber, the establishment of an In has in a single session passed so much legisla~ dian town site on the Bad Rivet' Reservation tion of vital importance to the Indian popula tbe reenrollment of the Potawatomies of tIon of the United States and that partof the Wisconsin, and the provision of homes for white population whose interests are more or the bomeless Indians in California; and meas less bound up with those of the Indians as ures intensely radical tho of doubtful wis tbe Fifty-ninth Congress in its long session. dom, like the emancipation of the White Earth wbich ended concurrently with tbe fiscal year mixed bloods and tbe emigrant Kickapoos and 1906. Besides several "ery generous appro allied Indians. priations out of the accustomed order, I migbt mention tbe act postponing the full citizen A Beet-Farll'ing Project. sbip of an Indian allottee till he receives his While inviting your attention to this unex patent in fee, authorizing the issue of such a ampled record, I can not forbear to express patent to any allottee who satisfies tbe Secre my great disappointment at the failure of tary of the Interior of his competency to take one item of legislation, which I had earnest care of himself, and pro,;ding a friendly and ly recommended both in formal reports and inexpensive proceeding for determining heir in oral conversation with Senators and Repre ships amJng Indians; the autbority conferred sentatives It was a provision to authorize upon the President to extend the trust period leases of Indian agricultural lands, in certain of Indian allotments at his discretion; the ex circumstances, for longer periods than the tension of the ration privilege under certain five years to wbicb tbey are limited now. conditions to mission schools; the protection Tbe leases were to be kept still subject to the of allotments released from trust tenure control of the Secretary of the Interior, who against liens for debts previously contracted; was, as now, to lease the hiballands himself, the allowance ofinterpst on minors' money re and to supervise and approve the leases made tained in tbe Federal Treasury; the grant to by Indian allottees. this Office of the wbere withal to wage effee.. The purpose underlying this amendment tive warfare upon the liQuor traffic in the Indi was to promote the training of Indians in an country; the provision enabling Indian al sugar-beet culture and in work in the sugar lottees to become sharers in Government re factories. Tbe Office is to-day in touch witb elamation projects, and many other general men of large means and abundant business enactments of far-reaching effect. experience who are willing to set up a great Then comes a long cataleg of special or sugar planton the edge of one of tbe allotted localized legislation highly important in the reservations; take leases of all the tribal regions concerned, sucb as that for a final lands and of such parts of the allotted lands disposition of the affairs of the Five Ci,-ilized as tbe Department is willing to let the Indi Tribes in Indian Territor)"; for the opening of ans rent out; enlarge and improve the irriga the Osage Reservation. the Coeur d'Alene tion system now in operation on the reserva Reservation. the closed half of the Colville tion till all tbe available land is under an ade Reservation, part of tbe Lower Brule Reser quate water sen-ice; bring in many families vation. and the big pasture reserves of the of thrifty white working people. organized un Kiowa, Comanche, and Apache tribes; for der superintendents and bosses thoroly skilled the settlement of a number of long standing in the 8rt of sugar-beet culture: be answer controversies, like that between the factions able for the moral conduct of these employees; of the Stockbridge and Mun ee Indians. be- instruct the Indian" in beet cultereside by "ide A YISIT \VITH THE SIOCX By F. C. \\'EXRICH HE JOURt\AL believes it is a good preach to his congregation upon the T thing in many ways for employ sin of di content, of reaching out and es at the big schools to I'isit the res grasping for more. He founded his ervations as much as possible. It not talk upon Adam's sin in the garden only stirr.ulates one to better efforts, and added strength to his remark bv but many evidences are visible of the quoting Paul's''For I have learned i~ good that is being accomplished by our what- o,ever state I am, therewith to schcols, as shown by the following be content." sketch of a Haskell teacher's trip, as In my going to and fro the agencv publi hed in their Indian Leader: interpreter \\'as my driver and guid~. I visited for the first time this sum He knew all the people and where they mer an Indian reservation and think lived, and drove across the prairie~ it was my good fortune to be sent to and over the Cotians (hills) almost bv the Sisseton Sioux reservation. Here instinct it seemed to me, as I nev~r it seems to me the people have made could tell in what direction or where considerable progress in the way of we were going. civilization. They live for the most This French-Indian interpreter was part in comfortable frame houses oft a frontier scout and United States en surrounded by fields of the finest soldier and has lived in eastern Dakota wheat, oats and flax or extensive hay since 1863. He tells great tales of the fields. They have a number of church Sioux "Thunder Bird" and its strange es with native pastors, native choirs doings. Lightning is the flash of its and native organists. angry eyes, and thunder is the whirof In a one-hundred-fifty mile ride its mighty wings. The Indian knows well of its existence for "Are not its over the reservation I found many of giant tracks to be plainly seen on the the Indians haymaking, and S(lme of rocks just over the hill yonder?" A them had gardens in which fine veg deep gully is pointed out as the work etables and beautiful flowers were of the stormy water sent out by thi bird in one of it movements of anger. grown. But as nearly as I could learn It wars with the monster of the water the greater part of them turn their and conquers. Before such convincing grain-raising field over to white rent evidence the white keptic mu t re ers. Hazen Shepherd a former Haskell main speechless. This interpreter can pupil was cited as a very industrious tell you how the Indian i ci\-ilizing the white man instead of the other and enterpri ing young man who wa way as we fondly imagine. He can tell engaged quite extensil'ely in farming. you how the Fren~h people first came While there was considerable evidence among the Sioux-a pretty and inter of conservatil'e progress I am sure the esting story. He is in real sympathy greater part of the Indian people pre with his Indian brethren and thev seem to have confidence in him. . fer the "simple life" to the one of I certainly did not regret my visit to "hurry and push and bustle," that the this people and if nothing else is gain II'hite American considers 0 essential ed, I am sure my conceptions of the to his existence. Having come to this Indains are clearer, my sympathies conclusion I was omewhat curiously for them deeper, and my interest in interested to know that the native them g-reatel' than it has ever been ioux minister found it nece.sar)' to before. THE RED J1:\.. "8 JIETHOD OF KEEPL TG UP WITH FATHER TIJfE .\ . OW-1'l'IE [NDIAN CALENDAR CHAR'fTRRS" A 0 . " N AX ~L\UL 0KI\:. 26 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL with the white working people; give Indian this sort, could rent three, four or fire labor the preference wherever it can be util hundred acres of his family's lands in excess ized; buy at market prices the products of of what he is competent to till himself, to a the parcels of land reserved by the Indians company ,,;th large capital who has set up from leasing; run their own trolley lines out within a few miles of hi' home a factory for to the remoter points in the leased district to converting his crops into a commercial staple facilitate the movement of the crops of raw which is always in demand at good prices. material to the factory; and procure from the Suppose that the company not only pal' him steam railway companie which traverse that rent, but improves and extends his irrigating general region such sidings and branch track facilities; puts his soil into rich condition and age as mal' be needed to bring the whole keep it so by intensire farming; employs ex neighborhood into transportation relations perts to show him how to do the same thlOg with the great world outside. It would be with his 20 acres that it is doing with the out of the question. obviously. to undertake surplus; buys of him what he raises himself; an enterprise as extensive as this on no better hires at good day wage any members of his foundation than the fire-year leases now al family who can be spared from the necessary lowed by law; the lease period would have to work on their little homestead; remains in be extended to twenty or twenty-five years in poss...'ion for twenty or twenty-fi>e years. order to make the project commercially prac· and thus sares the need of finding a new ticahle: but. on the other hand. at the end of tenant at the end of each five; and finally, this longer period the capitalists are prepared when its occupancy ends, turns back in im to tU!n over to the Indians, as their own for· proved land, buildings, fences, irrigation, ex Her after. all the improrements put upon tensions, etc.. a vastly more raluablepieceof their premises. property than it took over; can anyone ques Let us see what this would mean to the tion that he is permanently better off, and Indians. The ordinary Indian male adult, better equipped for the rest of his struggle able·bodied and in the prime of life, owning for a lirelihood! acres of land in an irrigation country, has But this is not all. Our first duty to tl.e at least 60 acres more than he knows what to Indian is to teach him to work. In this pro do with. and in saying this I am giving the ces the sensible course is to tempt him to Indian the benefit of a very liberal estimate the pursuit of a gainful occupation by choos of his competency. His wife and children ing for him at the outset the sort of work are, of course, incapable of taking care of which he finds pleasantest; and the Indian their farms. and would be unable to make ef take to beet farming as naturally as the Ital fectire use of their crops if they were. This ian takes to art or the German to science. leaves the head of the family with a large It has an attraction for him above all other area of unproductive farm land on his hands. forms of agriculture because it affords em If the Department says to him, "You must ployment for his whole family at once; the farm 20 acres yourself, but may lease all the wife and children who are so large factors 10 rest, ,. he runs some pretty seriou risks, even his life, can work' in the beet fields side by with the agent to help him. in finding tenants; side with him. Even the little papoose can for the chronic white "Ieaser" is not the be taught to weed the rows ju-t as the pick character of a man who hel]>; to build up the anniny in the South can be used as a cotton country in which he settles, or who trouble picker. I am speaking by the card on thIS his mind much about the future; he is with - nto subject, for we send hundreds of Indi aIlS I out capital or other resources, and his one the w..tern beetfields every season to work thought is to skim the cream of its productiv. as day laborers; and my present propoSItIOn ity off the soil in five years, and then move has in view the utilization of these same la- on to the next newly opened neighborhood and . ble borers and many more. wherever prachca . repeat the performance. Wheo he returns at their own homes instead of at a distance. the land to its Indian owner its sod cover will and in improving their own lands instead of have been broken and the best of its energies the lands of other persons. worked out of It, whIle the improvemen . he leaves behind him in the way of building fences , Indian Labor O"t.idp of Re.erratio .<. wells, etc., will barely suffice to satisfy tech mcal terms of his lease. The feature of Indian civilization upon •'ow, suppose that the Indian, iostead of which the Office has laid its greatest ,tress haring to take his chances with tenants of dunng·t h e year Just .pas t has been I'ts policY THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL '2.7 of inducing the young and able-bodied Indi Another point on which they need education ans who have no profitable work at home to is the importance of regular and often pro leave their reservations and go out into the longed hours of labor. At home they are ac world to make a living as white men do. customed to work when thev feel like it and Sometimes they go only a little way, but even rest whenever they feel lik~ it, u,ually de that is better than going not at all; and in a voting only the most favorable part of the few instances they go a long distance, con· day to their tasks; and as their work away duct themselves very creditably, and come from home requires that they shall begin and back with money in their pockets, some of end each day's labor at the sound of a whistle which they save, and most of which, when and adapt themselves to the hours which ar~ spent, goes for more sensible purchases than most convenient for their employers rather undisciplined Indians are apt to make. than themselves, they have been willing only In my last annual repj,rt I spoke of an un to follow this unaccustomed practise for a dertaking upon which the Office had just en certain period and then take a vacation. It tered in the Southwest, the maintenance of must be said for them, however, that for an employment bureau for finding Indians such time as they do stay under contract with who want work and finding the work for the out cessation they are the steadiest and most Indians who want it. The results of the conscientious workers known in their part of first year's experiment have been most en the country. Their employers universally couraging. During the last season some six give them credit for this, and put up with hundred Indians, including both adults and many of their oddities because of the excel schoolboys, have found employment in the lent spirit they show in carrying out their open labor market as railroad construction agreements. laborers, irrigation-ditch diggers, beet farm Altho every encouragement is givE'n to ers, and in other occupations. those Indians who are willin/( to go out on It would have been possible to put out a their own responsibility and find work as indi larger numher of laborers if the Indians of viduals on farms or elsewhere, the largest the Southwest had not been enjoying a period measure of effort put forth by theGovernment of unusual prosperity during the last eighteen has been in the employment of groups of In months. There has been a great deal of dians in gangs, separate from laborers of rain, their crops have done well, their live other races. When Indians are sent out thus stock has prospered, and prices have bern to build a railroad embankment or dig a canal, good; on these accounts many Indians found it is important for the interests of both em it better worth their while-or thought they ployers and employed thata trustworthy over· did-to stay at home than go employment seer should be placed in charge of each gang. hunting at a distance. So strong is the Indi One respect in which this sort of employ ians' home-keeping instinct thatthey will ac ment differs from anything of the sort thus cept work for lower W3g-CS and under unfavor far undertaken under either public or private able cond.tions in a neighborhood to which auspices on the reservations, is the feature they are accustomed rather than go ioto an which especially commends to favor the di~cust unfamiliar region and do better according to sugar-beet propo:5ition in an earlier our standards. It is also necessary to edu paragraph. It contains no elementof philan cate them in the need of staying with their thropy. It has been handled on a stricl task till it is finished. A month is about "" basis oi value received, cent per cent. All long as under ordinary conditions they feel that the Office has done in looking after the satisfied in absenting themselves from home. Indian laborers has been to see that they On works where the transportation of the la obtained a fair chance and were well treated. borers is an important item, as on the Govern The employers with whom contracts have ment dam at Yuma, Ariz., and on some of the been made have shown a proper appreciation railroad work for the Santa Fe Sy,tem, they of the attitude of the Government in this re are employed with the underslanding that gard and have been ready to meet it halfway. they must stay at least thirty days in order The people of the country in which the Indians to Qbtain free transportation to their homes, have been employed. while holding the usual unless there are some circumstances justify view of the frontier West as to the general ing a modification of the rule. By degrees. undesirabilty of Indians as neighbors, have of course, they will come to realize that their nevertheless recognized and g-iven intelligent course in such matters must not be governed by whims, and orne are already learning evidences of recognizing the fact that the this. Indians are a permanent element in the com- V1l'::WH AT {J. S. INl>lAN SCIIOO1..H. BUII..• OINGH AT TilE Gn.EAT CAltLIHLI~. PgNN., H~1I00L. • ,---- THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL 29 munity, and that it is wiser to try to direct Jnor if partie... needing help of thh kind will cor tbeir energies for the upbuilding of the coun re!'pond with him. The abo\"e number of Indian ... try than to dismi s them from consideration can bt had at once JOBS R. BRL'iS.!.S l". ...:.. Indian A!!ent. Pine Ridge Agency. S. D. as nuisances. The plan we have put into operation, therefore, meets with abundant Advertisements to the same purport were good will andsupport from tbe local public. published in a number of local nCl"spapers, Indeed, surprise is exprest on all sides tbat and a circular was inclosed in his private cor some definiteeffort of this sort was not made respondence wherever he believed he could long ago. . get a hearing for bis plan. Of these efforts he says: An Es alizing business to an end. Altho, a a broad Please, can you send me a good I,ndi to shock grain for me? I 101]\ pay him 2? r principle, the ration system has already an acre and 10 acres IS average day s ceased tn exist, it is still in limited practise to shock after the bundle carrier and fu here and there, owing to the unfortunate him good placetocamp, and fuelandpota· language of the treaty pledge that the Gov· We can take hIS famIly. ernment will aid the Indians until they are Like examples might be multiplied sho . ceeds not so much from a desire to lie by and in the work that he was put in charge of all rest as from an intense de"otion to their re small gangs. Whatever he was given to do ligion, whicb calls for numberless dances and he did so well that he was presentlv advanced and other ceremonials; for tbese they are to night foreman on the tunnel at the most ready at a moment's notice tc stop anything critical stage of that undertaking, and is now else they happen to be doing. running a horsepower hoist at one of the The question whether the Indian can be quarnes. made into an efficient skilled laborer has been In this place, as elsewhere in the Southwest well tested on the Zuni dam. It has been the Navahos prove the brightest and best of necessary there to train the Zunis in different the Indian workers. They seem to take an kinds of work requiring more or less accura especial interest in mechancial matters. One cy, and a considerable number have become of them, whose name is kate, I watched my fairly . kilful drillers, quarrymen, derrick self during a visit last summer at the dam men, etc.; a smaller number have risen to and was struck by his appea~ance of earnest: rank in the first-class in their special lines. ness. He was first put in as a helper on a A number of Zunis have recently heen put to stream drill. He became much interested in work who had not been employed before, thus the machine. and studied it whenever it was affording a good chance for comparison be taken apart. This attracted the attention of tween two groups of the same tribe one the driller, who, altho he could speak no Nav wholly unaccustomed to such work and one aho, undertook to explain by signs how the that had been working for sometime tho mechanism worked, and kate reemed to irregularly; and. albeit the general average of grasp the ideas with wonderful promptness. efficiency among the Zunis is )'-IW as compared A little later the experiment was made of with corresponding white labor, the men who letting him run the drill under the care of the had done some work were found fullv twice driller. He presently became so expert that as valuahle as the newcomers. when another drill was installed he was put The Navahos as a class are much better in cbarge of it, and h~ takes the greatest pride workmen than the Zunis; they not only are in keeping the machine in order. He h.. stronger, but are more alert and learn more stayed at his task constantly, and says that rapidly. At a rule they stay only one or two he likes the work better than any heeverdid. months. By that time they have laid up This man is pronounced by thesuperintendent what is to them a neat little ,urn, and they not only good for an Indian, but a good hand perfer to go off and have a good time with it. measured even by the white standard. With They criticize the unhappy exktence of white opportunity open before him he would un people who work unceasingly till they die, doubtedly go far as an expert mechanic if he taking no leisure to enjoy what they have could be taught to speak English. Poor kate, earned. however, is suffering from cataract of the A few Indians employed at the dam have eyes. I have given orders for his treatment made themselves individually conspicuous for for this disease, on which I feel justified in tbe quality of their work and other notahle spending, if necessary, a little of the money characteristics. Two Isleta Puehlos who set apart for the civilization of the reserva have li"ed for years among the Zuois have tion Indians in Arizona and £ 'ew Mexico; for done extremely well. One of these, Anto nio it seems to me that when a case of this kind Lucero, has never mist a day without permis of progressi\~ene is found, tbe Government sion, tries to do exactly what he is told, and could not make a better investment than to works as faithfully by himself as under a encourage it by the removal of the obstacles foreman. The superintendenl says of him in its way as far as that is possible. that he never knew a more conscientious per· The Jack of initative common to all Indians son of any race. Unfortunately, he has re i, often regardeJ as a drawback. It make. cen tIl' lost his eyesi/(ht thru di..",ase, but work an Indian valuable as a foreman, h we\Ter. if has been found for him, such as screening he has the other qualifications, because he gravel. The other, John Antonio, has work does not know anything, and will not attempt ed on the rock fill ever since it began, but anything, but to do as he shown. An igno early developed such ,kill that he was set at rant or half-educated white man often makes laying stone, and two-thirds of the upstream serious trouble- by trying what he regards face of the stonework was laid by him. One as a better method than that prescribed by Hopi Indian, Bert Fredricks. began as a com his superiors in cases where he has no com mon laborer, hut showed so much intelligence prehension of the forces at work. When Mr, 32 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL Harper was in the midst of his tunnel he habits of irregularity of days and hours. in struck quicksands and a bad rock formation, duced to postpone or rearrange his religious and sent for two experienced white miners. festivities so that they shall not interfere These men tried various methods, always with the demands of his employment, and with poor results, until they became afraid to taught the white man's idea of laying some work in the tunnel any longer. He then put thing aside for to-morrow instead of spending aman in charge whJhad never seen that kind all to·day, he can he made into a very valuable of work at all, but who was willing to carry industrial factor in our frontier country. His out his instructions literally, and with Bert physical defects. as they are found to exist Fredricks as night foreman and all Indian among certain tribes, can be O'fercome in an laborers the work was pushed on to other generation, and, in the case of men not completion with no more mishaps. too far advanced in years, in this generation, The lesson taught by the experiment with by a prolJer dietary regimen, which wiII it self be made possible thru their larger earn Indian labor at this dam is unquestionably ings at the pursuits in which they are now that if the Indian can he weaned from his engaged. {NOt<" TYPES-As OKLAHOMA KIOWA BELLE • THE REAL DAYID CROCKETT Chas. F. Phillips in Globe-Democrat Iosulted freedom bled; I felt ber cause Washington to serve in Congress, And drew my sword to vindicate her laws. ~rom prinCiple, and not. for vain applause, David Crockett wa prevailed upon I ve dooe my best; self-lOterest far apart by friends to spend a week in ~lem And self-reproach a stranger to my heart. phis, where there was at that time HIS fragment of verse reveals the celebrated French artist, Pierre T David Crokett as he was just be Saint Jean, who wa painting some fore the battle of the Alamo, and it is of the celebrated Tennessee families, the translation of the intuitive thought including the Seviers, Shelbys and of this frontiersman and patriot in Trousdales. Crockett was prevailed . .. e. n unnr 0 e.. 0 as. . wl>uid:tQt:lItt.-:W:IIRQlI••With.;t Ijft~ "I<. nt. ~_t'N:VIaagnt••, hut.••\:nc~ "- .-..- - ,ra--- those brave spiritI of the IMekwoods for a number of )'l!Il'I in the hoa8e who were bJaq tbrough ita lID wIIere the artist had his studio. It known ftlCSIBBU path for the beaeftt 'WI8 thea IllIIt to the state eapitol of of future generalioDB of their eolID" 'J'rr eBBS Sand pIaeed IIIllOJIlr the IIOl' trymen. traitB ofthe famous IODB of that 8lIIte American hi8tIJr1 pebBtes with the who had IIIIiatAld 81m IIoaston, the brilliant aehie~lII of her 8OIl8, W".ident of the repubIie of ru. and of alI the euIJ Prs...... • and later ita aovernor, In the .. triotB who ofrenll....Jhree dIM die -...rt of that terril&). It cJiiI. spirit of freedla miIht DIll ,.., ...... with otIaer portnita dariDe there is n01llme JII riiI&' of JiiIbrr the lIII01 chaqslthat weN IIlICIe ill veneration tbau of DPilte-t- the bm1ding, 'WI8 0III1115lllml18l1 ett. While ~ has wriUIllD 1deIJ, identifiei; NItoIelIad placed of his Btren1lO1ll1ife. of • ill the .... fII. H..... name and deedI' bon GI1J ...... r-hp·hd itto the...... IDdst1'. froth)' _to.... of."" col)seticm of the countrJ'. !be tur'e ..... pIamJ it ill of ... current of noIiIiIr tMt ...,. tnuuaesad ..... life has not yet 1IelIIl tIIId. tMt CIucbtt' Iif. .. ftIitahIe JOo IIIIIIee of III the .... BOJDe future ...... wiIl4e ~ ehinIrJ. woods he ehief· the Indian, Wf to his name theN' 110 daIIIL Crockett 'WI8 I ...... of Inedad his CllIQI ...ofthe fanIt wiIdB did him Iwnqe middle stature, ud his face 'WI8 east aD His ...... in that Celtic IIIllId that' imperiab father fnJm beIand ill 1'l'16, bat • ,.. he ad aD of able, an open COiiDtennm iJaditafing courage, :"'Am_andeuI&ure.w __ He his family, with the arnpt;ioo of... Crockett, the IatW of David, WI8 WlI8 I ShakeBJ*leeD aehoJar of no BIaughtered by the Indjuw, mean ability, and his I""'*'"ed v0l ume of the worb of the bird of By the" ad dIIiItlIIIIB of COIIDf;Iy at that ..JOlIIIlr CtoeWt Avon is in the pllll!3 '011 of GeD. 'WI8 bound to oIIe1 _ father and Maury of NuJrri)1e, William Hntton. WOl'k forhim _ M mmtJ-oae Tenn., a direct deBeendaut of :as exhibits in the Gal that he would make a good step-father ve ton Flood building. He wrote: to her children and he a good step .'In this time I met \lith the hard mother for his. The court hip was est trial which ever fall- to the lot in accordance with the most approved of man. Death, that cruel leveler of style of country love-making and it all distinctions, to whom the prayer proved to be a congenial marriage, and tear of hu bands. and e\'en of The two families came very harmo helples infancy, are addressed in niously together, and in their lowly vain , entered mv. humble cottage and hut enjoyed peace and contentment tore from my children an affection such as is eldom found in more pre ate. good mother, and from me the tentious home . tender and lo\'ing wife. It is a scene After a short time Crockett chang long gone by, and one which it would ed hi home and emigrated into the be supposed I had almo-t forgotten. new land of southern Tennessee, Yet. when I turn my memory back which the Go\'ernment had bought a upon it. it seems but a the work of short time before from the Chicka yesterday. . saw Indians. This was the begin "It was the doing of the Almighty ning of a new career for him. His whose ways are always right, though first public office was that of justice we some times think they fall heavily of the peace. and he dispensed justice on us. And as painful as even yet with a characteristic fair-mindedness is the remembrance of her sufferings, that earned for him the sobriquet of 36 TIlE INDIAN ScHOOL JOURNAL the honest squire. He was by no "Yes, Lort, ich hash." means diffident, had strong native "Well, Shorge Fulwiler, didn't you sense, imperturbable self-confidence, never take too much toll?" a memory stored with anecdotes of "Yes, Lort, ich hash, when del' the backwoods and was possessed of water wash low, and mein stones an astonishing command of collOQuial wash dull, ich take leetle too much terms, 0 that he was never embarass toll. " ed and seldom at a loss as to what to "Well, den, horge Fulwiler, you say or do. In 1821 Crockett began must go to the left mid del' goat ." electioneering for himself as candi "Well, hake Fulwiler, hasn't you date for the legislature in Hickman never taken too much toll?" county, Tenn., and was elected with "Yes, Lort, ich hash; when del' out any opposition. He was the fun water wash low, and mein stones maker of the house, and, like Fal wash dull, ich take leetle too much staff, could boast that he was not toll. " only witty himself, but the cause of "Well, den, Shake Fulwiler, you wit in others. His stories were irre must go to del' left mid del' goats." sistibly comic; he was inimitable as "Now, ich try meinself. Henry a mimic and had perfect command Snyder, Henry Snyder, stand up. of the flat Dutch twang of the Ger What hash you bin doin in dis lower man emigrants. One of his best sto world?" "Ah, Lort, ich does not ries is preserved in manuscript form. know. " It is as follows: "Well, Henry Snyder, hasn't you There were in Virginia two Dutch got a mill?" men, brothers, George and Jake Ful "Yes, Lort, ich hash." wiler. They were both well-to-do in "Well, Henr.: Snyder, didn't you the world and each owned a grist never take too much t{)ll?" mill. There was another Dutchman "Ye ,Lort, ich hash: when del' water near-by by the name of Henry Sny wa h low, and mein stones wash dull. der. He was a nomadic but harm ich hash taken a leetle too much toll. " less man, occasionally thinking him "But, Henry Snyder, vat did you self to be God. He built a throne do mid del' toll?" and would often sit upon it, pronounc "Ah, Lort, ich gives it to del' poor. " ing judgment upon others and also The judge paused for a moment, and upon himself. He would end the then said; "Well Henry nyder, you culprits to heaven or to hell, a hi mu t go to del' right mid del' sheep. humor prompted. But it is a tight squeeze." One day he had a little difficulty Crockett erved in the legislature with the two Fulwilers. He took his twice, the second term for two years, seat upon h"' throne and in imagi during 1 23 and 1824. nation summoning the culprits before In 1 25 he turned his attention to him, thus addressed them: the congres ional election and defeat "Shorge Fulwiler, stand up. What ed his rival candidates, Col. Alexander hash you been doin' in dis lower and Gen. Arnold. John Quincy Ad world?" ams was then in the presidential "Ach, Lort, ich does not know." chair and nearly all of Crockett's con "Well, Shorge Fulwiler, hasn't you stituents were Jackson men. When got a mill?" he arrived at Raleigh on his way to THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL 37 • Washington a man came up to him ployment of public life. Opposing and yelled in his face, "Hurrah for Jackson, he lost the presidential elec Adams!" Crockett said, in his char tion by 230 votes, and he then went acteristic way, "Stranger, you had to Texas and to his death. Joining better hurrah for hell and praise your in the enterprise to wrest Texas from own country.., the feeble government of Mexico, he Being asked who he was, he re was present on the 10th of December, plied; "1 am that same David Crock 1835, when the town of San Antonio ett, fresh from the backwoods, half was captured by the Texan rangers horse, half alligator, a little touched under Colonel Travis and the redoubt up with the snapping turtle. I can able Colonel Bowie, of Louisiana. The • wade the Mississippi, leap the Ohio, fortress of Alamo, which was just out ride upon a streak of lightning, and side of the town on the San Antonio leap without a scratch down a honey River, contained at that time 1,200 in locust. I can whip my weight in wild habitants, nearly all Mexicans. cats, and if any gentleman pleases for Three months later, in the of Febru a $10 bill he can throw in a panther. ary, 1836, the army of Santa Ana ap I can hug a bear too close for com peared and the Texan invaders, about fort, and eat any man opposed to Gen. 250 in number, realizing that they Jackson." would be called upon to fight, occu During Crockett's two first sessions pied the Alamo, and upon its embattle in Congress he got along very smooth mellts they unfurled an immense flag ly, co-operating generally with the of thirteen stripes with a large white Jackson party. His motto, "Be sure star of five points surrounded by the that you are right and then go ahead," letters forming the word "Texas." In seemed ever to animate him. He the course of a week 300 Mexicans had could neither be menaced nor bribed been killed and on the 6th of March to support any measure which he the Alamo was assaulted by the entire thought to be wrong, and he oppos Mexican strength of Santa Ana's armv. The battle was fought with the ed President Jackson's Indian bill, utmost desperation from night until and his national bank project. In dawn, and when the last stand was consequence of this opposition Crock made only six of the brave defenders ett lost his second election, and for two were alive. They were surrounded and years he remained at home hunting they surrendered. David Crockett was one. He stood alone at an angle bears, of the fort, his shattered rifle in his He was re-elected the term follow right hand and a bowie knife in his ing and, his health failing, made trips left hand, his face streaming with to ew York and Boston, where he blood. Gen. Castrillon, to whom the survivors had surrendered, wished to was welcomed with ovations of popu spare their lives. He led them to that lar approval. He then returned home part of the fort where Gen. Santa and resumed his deer-skin leggings, Ana stood ,vith his staff, but that fringed hunting hirt and foxskin cap, general said: "Have I not told yO? and shouldering his rifle plunged into how to dispose of them? ImmedI ately several Mexicans set up~m the the cheerless, tangled, marshy forest prisoners and butchered them In cold whice surrounded him. But the politi blood. Crockett sprang at Santa Ana cal excitiment of Washington engross but before he could reach him a doz ed his mind and, growing weary of en swords had cut him down. He home, he returned to the higher em- died as he lived, fearless and brave. '] 1'1 E 1 'I 1 1)1 e,l )L . Fit NT IJo. OJ-" ,'Kbl,l, I ,"11'1'11'1"':, L,\\-\',n. (".;, I· H H, A HU. TT L T THE BAD LAl TDS By HARRY CARLTO.· CREEX "BANG!" The smoke cleared tall cedar. The boys half climbed, from the muzzle of Jack's half fell on down the tree to the rifle, and he saw the mountain sheep ground. Their handkerchiefs were tumble over the edge of the precipice soon torn into bandages for their and fall into one of th "e deep pock bleeding arms and legs. ets so frequently found in the depths The gash in 1 'ature's face into which of the Bad Lands. Jack and Tod had they had fallen was well covered with • been out for three days and their pines and cedars. The sheer walls on knapsacks were almost empty. They all sides shut in the whole view of were forty miles from the nearest the great outside world except a tiny ranch or Indian camp. This sheep bit of blue sky directly above. The was the first they had seen on their entire floor of the mountain pocket long tramp. They mu t secure the was less than an acre In extent. game. By precariou climbing from Jack heard a trickling noise on the peak to wall they finally reached the opposite side. He threaded his way top of the narrow tooth-like ridge through the deep underbrush, and on which the animal was standing there he discovered a minute stream when shot. The hunters looked down of water running over the ledge into the chasm whose walls were in above, dropping to the floor beneath, accessible. and winding its way in and out "Get your rope ready, Jack," said through a crevice in the rocks. By Tod, "I am going down after him." this time Tod had found the mountain Jack unwound the small rope about sheep. With a single match which fifty feet long which he carried over Jack found in the lining of his vest his shoulder. Tod tied one end pocket, he started a fire. Soon they around his waist, and Jack, bracing were each roa ting a piece of meat in hi feet, began to let Tod down. By true Indian fashion. After they had the time the entire rope had pas ed eaten their frul(al upper. Jack gath through Jack's hand they were on ered enough pine needles for a bed. fire. Tod looked down and saw that One bed was all that was necessary, he was not over half way to the bot for while one slept the other kept the tom of the dark mountain pocket. fire going. They knew well that "Pull me up. Jack," yelled Tod, hould the fire go out, they would go "the rope is too short. Get me out hungry. of here quick, before you let go." The next morning after breakfast Jack was so nearly exhau ted he the boys explored the mountian fast could not raise his companion one ness for some means of escape. The time hand over hand. The 100 e walls were too perpendicular for them shale was breaking from under his to scale. Throughout the day at inter feet. Suddenly Jack slipped. vals they shot their rifles in hopes of attracting the attention of some strag Tod shot downward at one end of gling hunter. At the end of the third the rope with Jack sprawling head day Jack said. "Here goes the last over heels at the other end. They shell. If no one hears the report I both crashed into the boughs of a don't know what we will do." THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL "Bang," the report rang out on the heads and a huge mountain lion crash deathly stillness. They listened. No ed through the trees and fell limp and answer came. lifeless at their feet. During the night while Tod wa "How-how -how- How -oh- HOII" watching the fire he fell asleep and oh," followed by a jargon of voices, the fire went out. When they awoke rang out on the still air. next morning they had nothing cooked Jack looked up and saw an Indian for breakfast. The meat wa beginning coming over the wall at the end of a to spoil, ahd moreO\'er both were sick rope, while on the ledge. holding the for lack of change of diet. other end of the long rope were six Jack had never heard Too pray be other redskins. The Indian was ter fore, nor could he remember the time ror-stricken when he reached the when he himself had done so. But he ground to find the white boys. But was not surprised when Too ;;aid, they soon made him understand what "Jack. what do you say, old boy, about they wanted. He tied them fa t to all I can think of is to pray right out the end of the rope and yelled a signal to his companions. loud like good fellows. Are you in?" When Jack and Too, with the In "Let her go," answered Jack. I'm dian and the lion, were all safely on in on the deal. " top, they joined in the feast and Oma Tod began, "O! Lord, ., when a shot ha dance as fast as their famished pierced the air directly above their bodies would permit. l:'IT3E---!> WHICH ARE YOU? By ELLA WHEELER WILCOX. There are two kinks of people on earth to-day, Just two kinds of people, no more, I say. •'ot the sinner and the aint, for 'tis well understood The good are half bad and the bad are half good. o 'ot the rich and the poor, for to count a man's wealth You mu t first know the state of his conscience and health. )oIot the humble and prond, for in life's little span, Who puts on vain airs is not counted a man. Xot the happy and sad, for the swift flying y'ears Brmg each man his laughter and each man his tears. 0'0; the two kinds of people on earth that I mean Are the people who lift and the people who lean, Wherever you go you will find the world's masses Are always divided in just these two classes. And oddly enought, you'll find, too, I ween. There is only one lifter to twenty who lean. In which class are you? Are you easing the load Of overtaxed lifters who toil down the road? Or are you a leaner, who lets others bear Your portion of labor and warry and care? ~-~~------ SO.\JE LTDIAl T ;\;\ICSE.\IE. TTS F. Welles Calkins in Sunday .\Iagazine HIEF GOE -TO -WAR, Turning only person of my color sitting among CEagle, Gray Bull, Geronimo, and the Indians. A number offront seats others may no longer, gaily bedecked, were resen'ed for the white people of lead the figures in their national fetes the mis ion-school and agency em and dances. The un dance, the Oglala ployment. scalp dance, the fascinating buffalo An Indian deacon presently distrib dance of the Cheyennes, the mystery uted hymn books, and was about to dance of the Arapahoes, or the whoop pass me when I touched his arm. He ing Shoshone bear dance, these and a opened a book to show me that the hundred others have been interdicted. print was in Dakota, and when I still But some of the old-time amusements reached a hand he gave me a copy, are yet allowed near the agencies, and with an illuminating smile. I sang on most northwest reservation the with the congregation, enjoyed a er Indians have erected earth-roofed mon in Sioux by an Indian pastor. and dance-lodges where once or twice a was no little astonished at the close to month their "father" the agent per find myself-outside the door-the mits fete-making of an approved or at center of a crowd of people who shook least of a tolerated sort. The Fourth my hand with many expressions of of July is peculiarly favored in this re pleasure in my presence. gard, and spending a week at their "They were so pleased because you July encampment, the visitor may be sat among them, " explained a school sure of witnessing some scenes which teacher with whom I walked to her are essentially aboriginal. boarding-place. It was my good fortune to visit the On Monday the celebration began Yankton Agency a day or two before three days before the Fourth-to con the annual celebration. My friend, tinue until twelve P. )1. Saturday. Mazakan-tanka (Big Gun), was desir There were some four hundred te ous that I should stay for the fete. pees occupied by three thousand Indi "We'll show you big times again." he ans in the "Big Circle," as they call declared, "like it was when you were their encampment. Numbers of visi with us at Bear Butte, only we're not tors from the Omaha, Santee, Brules allowed to dance the sun dance." and other tribes were present. It had been twenty years since the After dinner my friend Mazakan Bear Butte sun dance, and I had not tanka, in a rickety old spring wagon been among my Sioux friends since. drawn by four rickety old ponies, On Sunday I attended church at a drove me around the outer rim of the mission where ervices were conduct great circle. Here and there \"e in the Sioux tongue. The well-filled stopped to say "How-how!" to an ac chapel, the Sunday dress and religious quaintance of years agone. An In atmosphere certainly offered a contrast dian's memory of faces is equal to that to all former experiences in foregath of a ward politician, and not once did ering with the Sioux. I took a vacant any old "Pine Ridger" who retained seat half-way down the aisle, and was his eyesight fail to recognize Mato presently amused to find myself the Iahan (Talking Bear) as I had been THE INDIAN CHOOL JOURNAL known to them in the days when they I was sitting by myself, when a ser were alternating between the everal iesof shrill war-whoops called my atten phases of "good" and "bad." tion to an unusual commotion in the out On Tuesday afternoon things were er grounds. This uproar was respond lively at the big camp. Within the ed to, after a breath of silence, by ex circle there wa pony- and foot-racing, cited yelling and a general rush in a game of base-ball, music at the band side the bowery. Girls screamed and stand, and a dance in the bowery. young men crowded together and roar This last attract~d me at evening. ed commands at each other. Wonder The dance-hall was constructed of pine ing what all this meant, I looked out lumber one hundred feet by twenty under the flaring kerosene torches set four-with a solid floor, single-board upon poles, to see a big squad of pony walls breast high, and wa roofed riders, Indians in feathers and war with sheeting. There wa a bay-win dres , whirling firebrands and rush dow-like projection which gave room ing at u out of the darknes. On my for the musicians, and a row of seats right and on my left men were jump around the half-walls. In each end ing for the counters of the lemonade were Quarters for venders of fire stands and shouting orders for fire works, "soft drinks." and other con works. Women and girls were hiding fections, and an ample pace was re under the benches or rushing out of a served in the center for four sets of a \vide doorway to take refuge in the Quadrille. stands of outside venders. The big room wa crowded and Quickly the aim of this fierce uproar with a picturesque \ariety in dress and became apparent. The wild riders complexion-young Indians of both circled twice around the bowery, yell sexes in blanket and moccasins enjoy ing like veritable scalp-hunters. and ing the white man's dance; some of a carrying on as a real war party would, half to a sixteenth strain of Indian doubtle s delaying to give the women blood, ranging in dress from beaded time to get out of the way. velvets to natty suits of tailor make; I was feeling the intense excitement roi tering young blade in "store and suspense of what I knew must be a clothes," and their whiteclad girls rough and dangerous game, when the from the nearer railroad towns- uch complete arena around me suddenly was the make-up of the assembly. blazed with bursting star-shooters and The in truments of their orchestra whizzing rockets. Through the wide were a parlor organ and two violins. upper gaps in the bowery walls those The organist was an exceedingly pret wild fellow pitched lighted bunche ty Sioux girl, the first violin a French of crackers and aimed their rockets Canadian, and the econd an Omaha and Roman candles. Itwas a fightfor graduate of Carlisle. The "caller fun, but not altogether a funny fight. off"wa the jolly son of an Indian trad We were fairh' smothered in fire, er. The assembly was as orderly a and on our sid; I scrambled to the the mo t fastidiou could have wished. defense with others. Recklessly we Ateleven o'clock I would have gone to threw our money over the counters and my tavern, but Mazakan-tanka and received bundles of rockets, star-shoot others among the Sioux urged me to ers and giant fire-cracker of a regu stay. "Heap of fun pretty soon." lated size in return. From behind our they said. barricade, but with backs exposed to THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOUR.'AL 43 a rear fusillade, we tormed the be smoking, pringing to their feet now siegers in turn. Ne,er have I seen and then, at a signal from the drum . mimic war so real: innumerable ligh t and dancing a brief measure, each man ning flashes. sulphurous smoke, a by him elf, leaping first upon one foot whang and bang pounding the ear and then upon the other with such drums, and all this flash and crackling writhing of the body and muscular intermingled with shouts and the craze movement' as he may fancy to exhibit. of men fighting hand to hand. On the There wa one striking figure at thi outside our enemies circled after the dance: a young man, naked to the order of an old-time fight of the plain. breech-cloth, with breast and leg How th~y managed their ponies in the painted in stripes of red. black, and maelstrom of fire which we poured in green, and face and arms in ,ellow to them is and will remain a mystery ocher, and with long hair, stiffened bv to me. some mixture. standing on end, who For five minute -or as long as the danced the muscle dance. This ammunition held out thi battle of dance, in various forms, is known to the fireworks lasted. Then the at tho e who have visited theaters where tacking party, fairly repulsed by the nautch-girls or other Orientals have valor of the bowery, rode away with performed. But Koska, the Brule whoops of laughter and bearing their dancer, outdid all such exercises which hare of burns and contusions as me the writer has ever seen. With his mentos of the encounter. face turned upward and his eyes On our side the bowery was on fire showing the under white. as though in six different places, two of the town fixed on some absorbing vision of the girls had fainted, and there was upper world. every muscle of his scarcely a coat or pair of trousers but trong, lithe body played in complex stood in need of darning. In a brief sinuous movement, astonishing for time, however, the blazes ',ere extin freedom of action. And as he danced. guished, the floor swept of debris, the leaping- now and then, lithe as a cou fainting girls brought to and the dance gar, high above the stooping backs of re umed. his fellows. his feet beat time: the tiny bell upon hi wri ts and mocca July 4 came on swelteringly hot. yet sin-heels shook out music in perfect the grounds of the encampment rhythm with hi man'elous dance of around the bowery were massed with the flesh. people from near and far. There were Fourth of July speeches in Sioux At Fort Totten. on a beautiful pla and English, following band music teau, under the shadow of Sully's and a parade according to the custom Hill and looking down upon the "in of 11 ncle Sam. In the afternoon some land sea" of •Iini-Wakan. I visited an fift\' blanket Indians, in their primi other July Fourth encampment. And til'; costumes, danced the Omaha here the Yanktonnai and their visit Dance in true old-fashioned tyle. ing friends the Hunkpatina and others The Omaha grass dance is the most had their own way. On this resen'ation common fete at these entertainments. the lines were drawn sharply between It is a simple dance in which those the tutored and the untutored. who. who- take part spend most of their thanks to a quarrel between a school sitti~g superintendent who controlled "the \ time around in a circle and THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL o grandfather, give us something' progressives" and a liberal agent 'We have no suitahle clothes; whose influence swayed the "unpro We have nothing to eat. gressiyes.'· did not mix in their amuse ograndfather. make us a present! ments. So we had an unadulterated Invariably the master of the lodge Sioux celebration. responded, gi\'ing spare ilyer which Boom-born! roared a dozen great had been hoarded for the occasion. cow-skin drums at daylight on the The money went to pay for canned Fourth. The prairies and waters for fruit, bottle of soda-water, raisins. miles around resounded to their wild candy, and other confections for the barbaric rhythm. A charge from the refreshment of the dancers. camp followed, and two hundred \\ild At eleyen o'clock, with ranks of on riders attacked the agency with war lookers coming from as far a Grand whoops, circling its buildings and Forks, eighty mile away-crowding currying away in trailing clouds of the barricade or itting in their wag dust. The fierce clatter of hoofs, the ons and buggies outside, the dancing cracking strokes of the quirt. the began. The dancers sat on one side, glinting brown bodies stooping low of the willow lodge, and the old men. under streaming feathers, the shrill women, and children on the other. "A-a-a-a-yi-yih! ye-ha-yi-yip!"-war Five cow-skin drums, each beaten by whoop of the Sioux-all thi was real six men wielding two sticks to the istic enough and prepared us for the man, were distributed, one in the cen glories of the day. ter and one just within the barricade On the ground there was nothing to at each point of the compass. remind one of civilized life save the At the signal of the drums a hun wheeled vehicles which, ranging from dred gaily bedecked warriors would broken-down spring wagons to brand leap into the ring, and during the new top-buggies, were to be seen measure of a chant which was chor scattered among the tepees. In the used by one or two singers at each center of the camp-ground an inclos drum the dancers leaped and contort ure, two hundred feet in diameter and ed th~ir bodies each after a fashion of five feet in height, was constructed of his own. It was a free-and-easy occa posts, to which a railing- of ligl>t poles sion and any man who chose could at was withed and woven with green any'inteITal march about within the willows and small bush. This inclos circle and chant his deeds as a wa: ure-the only one except the great rior. An Indian clown dressed In trihal circle of the villages-was for triped ticking. with an enormously the dancers, and beyond its willow padded stomach, a face masked to re rails the spectator might not pass. semble an animated puffball, and arm The day' program on the grounds ed with a boy's bow and blunt-end ar opened with the begging dance. A rows was continually in evidence. delegation arrayed in fantastic, pover His :nimicry of dancers and speakers ty-stricken attire rode about the inner was as comical as the performances of circle of the camp, stopping before a circus clown. certain lodges to dismount, to beat a On one occasion an old Pabakse drum, and to dance with halting steps (Cut Head), poverty-stic~en, lam~, and to chant while one went to the see~e door to invite its inmates to come forth and white-haired, who, It , and look pityingly upon the mendi was a feature at these gatherlDg3, cants. These sang: hopped out into the circle and began THE L'DIAN SCHOOL JOUR.'AL 45 a harangue. He wa greeted with and moccasins, characteristic of his shouts of laughter, which seemed not tribe. in the least to disconcert him. He When the drums boomed their signal had a story to tell, a tale of an early these dancers to the number of forty adventure in the Minnesota war. men of middle age leaped to their feet Doubtless he had repeated it a thou as a single man. Each man carried a sand times, and in his half-witted stone war-club or a dancing club of mind the hoo of derision which had buffalo horn. Beginning at the north. followed were taken for salvo~ of ap each one faced the audience in turn, plause. As he limped about, with the shook his ornamental club once above movements of a monkey holding a hat, his head and announced his name, "I he was followed by the clown who am Strikes-the-Bear of the Minitaris. teetered on either leg, mimicking the You shall hear more of me, "or, "I old man's gestures and Jetting forth am High Cloud of the Pabakse. Once an occasional whoop which fairly con I had no need to proclaim my name."' vulsed the Indian audience. When they had finished the drums The women danced alternately with thundered, and they began a slow for the men, To the number of a hundred ward movement, each man facing the or more, they formed a three-fourths mystery-pole commonly but erroneous circle around the central drum. One lycalled medicine-pole-until they had drum alone played for them. They come together in a compact circle chanted to its rhythm and danced touching shoulders, then they broke with a peculiarly jerky movement of away, and each man danced around the knees, shoulder to shoulder and the pole. part going one way and part with a heel-and-toe side-step to the the other in a serpentine movement left, until each one had passed entirely that was dizzying to look at. around the circle and stood in her origi For a mo\'ement the drums boomed nal position. in a deafening rhythm, then a sud At night they danced the Mandan denly ceased, and the dancers began dance of the strong men. For this per to chant. The effect of their measured formance five kerosene torches were snake-like circling and of the weird set around a mystery-pole in the mid intoning of the chorus was thrilling dle of the ground, and around these in the extreme. After passing four the five drum were ranged. quatted times around the mystery-pole and the cross-legged in many rvws, the spec drum the whirling circle parted and tators, densely packed. filled the outer the men took seats. Only one, appoint area. Inside this human amphitheater, ed by the master of ceremonies first the dancers, composed of the leading to speak, held the renter of the arena. men of mark present, sat in a perfect While the others. waited on by some circle, a pace apart, Side by side. I boys, drank soda-water and ate canned have never seen a number of Indians pumpkin. the orator of the moment together more gorgeously dre ed. marched about the drums and recited There was no one of them but wore his deeds. Each notable e},:p!oit or either the full war-bonnet of eagle praise-worthy act was punctuated feathers or an equally striking porcu with a boom-bom of appro\'al from the pine head-dress, the pipe-bone breast drums. plate which gleams like old ivory, and There were some examples of good the gaily fringed and beaded legging Indian oratory on this occasion. An 46 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL • extract from the speech of Hollow born!) I threw away my l[un and used th: Horn-Bear of the Miniconjous will bow. I had three arrows left. The Crees _harged me. I shot one, and the other leaped serve to illu trate. He had told of an from his horse upon me. The side-hill was expedition against the Crees, in which very steep, and we rolled many times over his party were defeated. The Sioux each other. whirling to the bottom. I drew had scattered. and each man was mak my knife as we whirled and thrust it into the ing off by him elf. Said Hollow Cree's body. At the boltom of the ravine he was dead. (Boom-born! boom-born! and chorus Horn-Bear: of "Han. han, han!" from the crowd.) Three men were after me. I ran my pony Thus they passed the night. I left into a coulee, dismounled, ran hack and hid in the brushes. .Iy horse was tired out and [ camp at bed-time. For two miles the made ready to die fighting. (Boom-born! boom weird, wild music of the drums filled born!) The foremost pursuer came on, not my ears, followed me through the open seeing me. 1 shot him through the stomach window of my chamber, and lulled me and he struck the earth. (Boom-born! boom- to sleep. THE ALA~10 Built in 1718 by the Franciscan Fa during which the Texans twice repell thers, used for religious purposes and ed their foes (who were driven back served as a fort and protection against by their own cavalry, with drawn the Indians until 1835, when it wa abres), succeeded in carrying the used as headquarters of Gen. Cos, place by storm. All the surviving de commanding the Mexican army, at fenders were put to death, tripped the time San Antonio was captured by of their clothing, dragged to the spot the Americans under Ben ~IiIam and where St. Joseph'S church now stands, Col. F. W. Johnson. In the next year piled up with fence rails, covered with it was the fort of the Americans under brush, and then burned. Travis, Bowie and Crockett. when it The old ruin was rebuilt in 1850, was the scene of the most heroic and and is now owned bv the state of deadly contest known in modern Texas. Its present si;e is 112x72 feet, history. the wall olid rna onry four feet thick The advance guard of Santa Ana's and 22 , feet high. It contains a tablet army arrived on the 22d of February, bearing the inscription: 1836. The next day Santa Ana dis Thermopylae had her messenger of defeat: played the red flag from the tower of The Alamo had not one. the Cathedral of San Fernando, and There is a legend to the effect that sent a summons to the Texans to sur a Mexican woman employed as cook render. He was answered by a can was in the Alamo at the time of the non-shot. The siege of the Alamo massacre, whose life was spared, but then began and continued until Sun this rumor has never been verified. day morning, March 6th, when the The slogan of the battles during the Mexican troops surrounded the Alamo, Mexican War was: and after half an hour's hard fighting, "Remember the Alamo." THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL 47 THf INniAlfS FlNAI. CRY. We who have followed close upon the foot steps of that first skirmish line of frontiers Frum the Kan ... a.. l ity Journal men who met and subdued the red men of the Chief Pleasant Porter, of the Creek Indian West, might he expected to harbor a tincture nation, hewails the alleged injustice that has of the antagonism engendered b,' the merci- heen done his people hy the whites and pre Ie foemanship of other dars. - But this is - dicts with bitternes, that within 100 years not the case. . 'owhere is there a kindlier the Indian race will become extinct. 'It is feeling for the Indian than among the descend seldom indeed that Chief Porter gives way to ants of those who clinched with the painted lamentation and abuse of the invaders and warriors upon the field of battle. In the for this reason his words have addition;1 in territory allotted to the Indians tribal cus terest. But the head of the Creeks seems to toms are fast disappearing. It mar he onlr he thoroughly aroused and his tirade .'agio the a hundred years before the red m;n's rac~ government" is intemperate and vindictive. will he extinct. Perhaps, after all, there is To use hi own words in speaking of himself justice in the bitterness of the resentment and his people, "we're not friendly and won't shown by Chief Porter. It is hard to see a be charitable. " once proud roce languish and die before the The first count of his general indictment overwhelming onslaught of an alien people. against the whites is that there is no vener Those who know the Indian character reali« ation for the Indian. After a hundred years what a depth of resisting racial pride is hehind he believes people will be "prating and boast· the words. "We're not friendly and won't ing'," of his blood. At pre,ent the charge is be charitable." that the white man is trying to rob the Indian right and left. "The Indian," scornfully says (bid fl,...nl fori,,', Vi", nI lb, End. the chiefj His more enlightened. He's been taught to steal and roh his brother, just as In an interview held with a newspaper rep the white man does. and he's been schooled resentative of Kansas City recently, Chief in the art of falsehood and deceit." Pleasant Porter, of the Creeks of Ok lahoma The federal go.eroment in its dealings with a wise man and the best posted Indian on pub: the Indian has doubtless acted in bad faith lie affairs, gave out the following prophecy of upon numeroU5 occasions. Treaties that have the ultimate end of his people: heen forced upon the red man have heen "We will be swept by the advancement, broken or ignored time and again. But it your advancement, which is coming into the has been the way. right or wrong, just or territory by its transformation into a state. unjust, of a conquering people. From the We will he assimilated by you. There is moment the first settlers stepped ashore on no antipathy hetween the Indians and the the.'ew World, the doom of the Indian was white people regarding marriage. There i. ,ealed. Long and terrible was tbe struggle as much affinity hetween them as hetween of these children of tbe forest and plain the whites alone, as mueb real aflinitr. It th~t against the inevitable, and gruesome is the is not so with.the neg'ro. Between race score of their revenge. For centuries the and the whites there is an animal affinitv but tribe::;men wandered over the lands with no not a natural one. The white peopl; are thought of conquering nature, but only of marrying into my race rapidly. In that way liVing in harmony with it. With all the it will 10.. its identity. Gradually it· origi man'elous possibilities of material develop nal state will he more and more lost and it ment at their disposal tbey remained pnmi· will entirely disappear by this racial mixing. tive and uninventive. Of exalted fancy and ..It can never he so hetween the whites and rich imagination. they never dTt~amed of the negroes. The latter nerer had am' idea ~ot many of the simplest instruments of crafts· of personal property ownership. It is his manship. Carelessly the generations came fault. The race was in servitude and had no and went, leaving little more imprint upon opportunity. But the Indian had an independ the land and their posterity than the birds of ent government of his own for time immemo the air or the deer of the forests. rial. He has been overpowered, but the spirit Slowly thecoils have tigh ened and the In within him i still unchanged. He is stead diansof today have only a melancholy memory fast-so much more so than the white man." of a time when they were free creatures of 190~. mountain and meadow, forest and river. un THE JOURSAL up to January, for ore terrified and masters of their own destiny_ dollar -don't put it off; do it now. THE INmAN SCHOOL JOURNAL GQVERNIDT AID TO !'lI5S10N SCHOOLS. "The number of rations unissued during the preceding quarter must also be given, so that proper allowance may be made hy the agent Following is a communication from the in the suhsequent quarter. Commissiooer's orlice bearing on government "Based on thi requi ition the agent will aid to ~i5>ion schools, taken from the Word issue to the Mission school the necessary Carrier, Santee school, which explains it rations and clothing, as if the children were at home, deducting the same fl'llm the amount self: Department of the Interior, which would have been aUowed the parents for the use of such children were they at Washington, D. c., home. and making full statement as to Rev. A. L. Riggs, epl 11. 1906. number of rations issued, to whom, and on Principal antee •.ormal Training School, whose account, when submitting usual report Santee, Nebraska, of issues. " Sir: Referring to the Office letter to l'OU If any of your Mi ion schools located on a of the 5th instant concerning your request for resen'ation, the Indians of which would be information relative to ration which may he heneficiaries under the Act referred to. will allowed .Iis.ion chools for their pupil., you apply for these rations. etting forth in detail are advised that the Commis.ioner has decided such facts as are called for hy these rel(1l to i sue the following rel(ulation in aU cases lations, their application will be promptly where the law is applicahle. considered. Very respectfully. The Indian Appropriation act for the fiscal FRANK M. CONSER, year ending J \lne 30, 1906, approved June 21, Chief Clerk. 1906, contains the following pro,i.ion: "Mission schools on an Indian reservation may, under rules and regulations prescribed Gr... of Chid Kokomo to 8< lIilk By O. . ~IATTL·GLEY. O. s. B. NIY attention ha been called to erly directed intention expressed con an article entitled "A Word ditionally in the fonn employed on About Indian .'ames" that appear such occasions, "If thou art not bap ed in the September number of the tized, I baptize thee in the name INDIAN SCHOOL JOlIRSAL. Itis not my of the Father and of the Son and of desire to open a diatribe on religious the Holy Ghost." topics in the columns of this maga This manner of procedure certainly zine, but merely to meet some of the can not be justly censured should we inaccuracies in the statements of Mr. consider the words of our Sa\10r, "Un Clark, the author of the afore-men less a man be born again of water tioned article and to correctly state and the Holy Ghost, he can not enter the position taken by the Catholic into the kingdom of God" in connec priesthood in regard to the baptism of tion with the divine ordinance, "Go converts from other religious faiths. and teach all nations, baptizing them Mr. Clark makes an unjust stab at in the name of the Father and of the the much-maligned "Jesuits and mem Son and of the Holy Ghost." In pres bers of other R. C. Orders" when he ence of the many conflicting views charges them with the "profane hab entertained by men of different faiths it of re-baptizing." Had he before respecting the necessity of baptism committing him elf to this misstate and the validity of its administration ment consulted the little catechism we readiy perceive that instances edited in harmony with the system of conditional adminstration of this of ca uistry directive of religious ac sacrament are necessarily frequent. tivity in the Catholic Church, he could Mr. Clark certainly knows that many have read "We can not receive Bap ministers deny the super-natural tism, Confirmation and Holy Orders effect of bapti m; that others di more than once." To attempt to re claim its necessity. ~Iany maintain baptize would be as little consistent that it i but an external rite con with reason as to try to straighten a veying no supernatural gift of grace. straight line or to kill a dead bird. Can we therefore expect that persons When ~tr. Clark therefore accuses the holding such opinion \\111 always religious orders of re-baptizing he is have the proper intent when they verI' decidedly mistaken. affect to baptize? The Church, however, does admin Does ~Ir. Clark perhaps consider i,ter what is tenned conditional bap the external visible act of pouring, tism in ca es of reasonable doubt a sprinkling. or immersion, separable to the validity of baptism previously from the intention of the agent, as conferred: but thi is by no means though constituting the one and only re-baptism. Truly enough indeed the essential of baptism? Does he fail visible act, which alone does not con to recognize as a verity that the in stitute baptism, is repeated and giyen terior, supernatural effect of regen its due sacramental worth by a prop- eration must proceed thruugh the me- 50 THE INDIAN SCH()()L JOURNAL dium of the combined intent of the met by blubbering Johnny thush': agent and his visible external act? " ure ma, I didn't take no pie: honest His fumbling with the word "re fact: bob-but I gog-guess I reckon baptism" and hi noisy inyective perhap -:- maybe Jimmy tuck it." against what he call "the profane We will not trouble ourselve to attend habit of re-baptizing" make such in to the particulars of the little family ferences possible. trial that followed; but, to be brief, aft Let us now hear from Jlr. Clark in er all pro and con had been duly con his own word : sidered, good old mother Wabbles in "We might wi h, however, that he her sound judgment decreed that John (Dr. Eastman) had not recklessly ny de erved the spanking-and a stated that the missionaries generally spanking did Johnny get. Now in Yiew give a banquet after Bapti m, hence 0011'. Clark's touchine sover the Doc the Indians are not averse to partak ing of the latter ceremony as often tor's alleged statement and his puerile as possible. During the last eighteen attempt at ca ting a slur on the Catho years of residence here with a rather licclergy the reader will not be slow in intimate knowledge of affair among forming a conclu ion as to who is the Sioux I have never before known Johnny in the present instance. there existed any such cu tom a the Doctor mentions." Butdid Dr. Eastman make the state ment laid to his charge? Only a few Thus far bravo! Jlr. Clark, pro hours after reading Mr. Clark's article viding, of course, Doctor e\'er made I had the plea ure of entertaining the any tatement of that kind. But why the following? Dr, at my home. I took advantage of the occa ion to take this matter up "The only body of missionaries who with him. Dr. Eastman emphatically have the profane habit of rebaptizing are the Jesuits and members of other denies eyer haying made a statement R. C. Orders, II'hose sYstem of casu of the kind or having e;,:pre sed him- dry presumably allowsoftheir teach elf in such wise that a like tatement ing such a fiction as is involved in the could be reasonably inferred. That he vain repetition of the sacramental was rightly indignant on being mis rite of holy baptism. Because of our high esteem for Dr. Eastman we may quoted will be readily conjectured. I \\is~ he had not allowed his apparent have been intimateh' acquainted with desire to reel off a grim joke upon a the Doctor for a n~ber of years and few over-zealous mi ionaries, get the from what I know of his many gentle ~tter of his sober judgment and lead manly qualitie I can not be prevailed him to ca t a slur upon all mission aries and their work." upon to believe he would knowingly do or say anything to embarass the These two citations from Jlr. Clark's work of any body of missionaries. article forcibly recall to mind the little anecdote of Dame Wabbles, the little Wabbles and Dame Wabbles' pumpkin For Moooting Work. pies. One day, so the story runs, Moth Stretch burlap or denim tightly over the er Wabbles discovered the little Wab back of a nat picture frame about a yard square. Back of this. insert a thin boa~. bles in d:.ngerous proximity to the and "ou have a neat bulletin board for chi t' .' h'hs no Wabble' pantry, whence she suspect ren's work. Hang bva wire, Vi Ie 1 visible, from top of blackboard. and when~ ed one of her very delicious pumpkin creditable piece of work is found, It rna)' b pies had disappeared. Over her row quickly placed before the cIa ., uSIOg thU~ tacks to mount it. A thin board mIght r~ of little wingle cherubs she cast a covered and u. LESSO. TS FOR USE BY TEACHERS I THE SER\'ICE LESSON III. FROM SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE THE following lesson shows how the liter 12) selecting and preparing seed, 3) planting. ary and agricultural instructi('" rna\, be (4) care, (5) digging and preparing for sale. closely correlated, and is published for Teacher.-Leada. tell me what an acre of the guidance of teachers in the Indian Serv land is? ice. This lesson was presented to a class Leada.-An acre of land is 160 square rods. of children living on a reservation where truck Teacher. - What is a square rod? farming is the principal industry, and in pre Leada. -A square rod is a square. each side paring similar lessons teachers should use dis of which is a rod long. Teacher. -Slep off a rod; Roy, measure it. cretion in adapting them Ul meet the local Leada.· .There are five and or,e-half yards needs of pupils, so that the instruction receiv ed can be practically applied at their homes. in a rod. I take three feet in each step. (Steps and counts one, two, three. four, five. Children, when you leave school you will and one-halL) Roy picks up yard-stick and lVant gardens and 1 am sure you will want foot ruler and says: "This is a yard (poinl them to be very good ones. We notice, when ing to il); "three feet" (points to ruler). driving out on the reservatipn, that some "Five and one-half yards in one rod. II (He people have good gardens and some have measures, counting one, two, three, four. poor ones. Those who have good gardens us five, one-half and states whether it was too ually have good, clean hou,es, good barns, long or too short.) good fences, and good clothes. Teacher. Leada, pass to the board and tell Teacher.-Roy, you may name the prin us about the first lopic. cipal things raised in a garden. Leada. - There are 160 square rods in an Roy.-Potatoes, cabbage. onions, lettuce, acre. Our farmer says that with a good radishes, tomatoes and cucumbers are the team it can be plowed in four hours. It is principal things raised in a garden. then disced and harrowed. The furrows are Teacher.-We will select potatoes for our about 4 inches deep and 3 feet apart. lesson. While Leada and Roy are reciting, Teacher.-Leada, pa,s to the board and Edna may pass to th. board and draw a plan work the first problem. of her farm and write a ,wry about what Problem.-·I bought I 'ack of flour at $1.25; 1 sack of cornmeal at 35 cents; 6 pounds she will do at horne. Edna's Story.-When I go home I will help bacon at 12! cents per pound; 3 pounds coffee with the work in the garden. Thisistheplan at 2-5 cents per pound; and 3 pounds of sugar of our farm (a sketch was drawn on thp. at 8 1-3 cents p"r pound. I gave in ex board.) We have an orchard. berry patch change 4 sack, of potatoes at 1 per sack. and garden. We \\;11 raise potatoes. onions, How much change did I receive' lettuce, tomatoes, radishes and cabbage. We Leada's 0Iution.-1 sack flour, 1.25; 1 will raise more than enough for ourselves. so sack cornmeal, 35 cents; 6 pounds bacon at 12! cent.." i5 cents; 3 pounds coffee at 2:> that we may have ""me to sell. rents, cents;:J pounds ~ugar at ,l-3cents, Teacher. - Roy may name the step' neces iii cents: total. $3.3.5. 4 sacks potatoe. at $1 sary for planting an acre ofpotatoes. Leada :!-, each. $4; less .~.3.' equal. 6-5 cents, may write them on the board. Roy" Outline.-(l) Preparin~ the ground, amount of changt'. • CORRELATION OF FoURTH-GRADE STUDIES EXPEllUlII:ST~. lIo. At.RHTLTUBE. 08"'EB'f:\TlO~" Animall\;. bird and in ... ect Dining room and Iu~ect breeding care. Hird calendar. de:-.lroyer.. of injuriou... kitchen: r ...e. In..ecb from ..cbool £ar· De..criplion.. of in·...en.. : Woodpecker Cnmi ... lnr:. "are. den. bird.. and inf.t>t:l't. quail. dragon fly, lady Yhit :-.cbool kitchen; do· bog'. elc. mt'~tic "cieut-e d~parl Compo-,itioD~: Sept. Characleri~lic.... ment Care and tnr· In...ect pr~y . ni.. hing of tbe Compart... on benefil wIlh dining room and dama~e. kit.eben. Proleclilm Legi ... lalion Hoa--ekeepinr note Humane in ... trnclion. book. Animal... : Continuation of {" ... e:, of food. pe:cim~ns of in,...ect De"cription.. of September work. Porpo... e of differ borne-., bird~ aDd insec ial in<;.ecb: bee... , ant... ent meah: Di h Ant colony in da.... room. Menu wrttine-. w~ps, horneb. e.. "ert"ed at n ... jt apiary Characteristic... eal"b. Special slndy of home... (lct. ------Plant..~: Place in ~alural \\el~hb and meas ~ed di....eclion to ... how De..criplioDS of ex Hi,ton: importance to ure... part's. periment:i for Man: Plant Xutrition. Charting material for auicullaratDote· Footb: Di...... l\·ed Yin· Readinr Recipe..., carbon detection. book .... erah; Carbon Dioxide. and measuring Flame in co\"ered jar to iI· Table of weights Work of Leaf. inlUedient.... lu~tra.te Il..e of oxygen and measures. re Cban~e of carbon in· and formation of car· cipe... placed in to ... tarch, ..ng;lr. etc bon dioxide. hon.sekeepiu~ lmportanre of Snn<;;htne Iodine test for ;.-tarcb. notebook. to plant. Te... t "eeds and ngetable.., Indindual measurements of q~antitie!'l n..ed in cooking. Planb: ~ntriuon. (con Dige:,lion. Demon~trate transpira Descriptions for tinned): Soda and bakinr tion. agricaltural Work of Leaf powder. Micro...r-opic examina nOlebook. Trao:,piration "tom· Redpe.. for bis tion of leaf for <;lomata. Redpes plac.ed in ata, Protopla.... m, Res cuit... muMo,.... Bakin~. bou...ekeeplng piration, Relation to etc notebOOk. air' to animal life. Animal,; {:";.-efnl as ('om· panion.. : Do~: rat. Planb: ~ntrition. cont) Reci~ forligbt EXllerimenl. ..bowin~o-.· Do. Work of Root'S: Ab bread and rake,.... rno ..!.. : Stems of Mowers <;,Qrptton of mineral in aniline d'fe.. to ..bow Leu~r.. ,rdennR: malter. ..ap currentand ~j)ront ... tfi1 cataJ~ Osmosis. Rool baih. lUg seeds in ..awdu..t .Iany. sapcurrent.... and water to show root .\nimah Heal;(... of bnr balr.... and liquid noari.~b· den. ment Plant.. ~ntrition. p ~eal. a..<;, fOOd: Girdling ro..ebll... b todem .\gnculture and ('nrr~nt.... {continned' Beef. XUlritit"e on..trate ..ap-cnrreDt. Hou,...ekeeptng Girdling. effect. nIne aud prop· Cuttingup quarter of noteboOk... Leaves: Arran(ement to er cooking of beef Leuel' lO ..eed ...«ure ..onllrbL Rela 'fa.rlou cut... Ob--ernt on of mean.. bou.. t.., f(1r ..eed' Feb. tlon to each other. Compart"on.. ';th u,...ed to pre\'ent $irdling .\nlmal.. : l:~efulne ... " for 're~etahle food ... of tree.. b\' rabbIt"!. food. c1otbior. orna· Mo-.ak... rna-de ment. - bv leave ... "unltr:'bl. Selection ot ..eell .. for ...t'ekin£ ...cbool ~rden. CORRELATION OF FOURTH-GRADE STUDIES RE.\l)I~' Mo. • AlUTHll£TlI l;EO{;KAPHY Bl:-.TuRY. DR.1W"I:\G. ·'Blrd.. "DUfcrence:-. Rel"iew YulLiplica Xortb Amenca. ~tUement of Copie of bird pic in ~tructure and Lion and Dil-j..ioD. Bird:-. of yanon... \'ir nla. ture . Habil"'" "..:; den l-raction.. a.... ~·end· ... ection.... Stone...ol lnsec~ from life WiD~ed Woud-pecli:: lD£:. and decendinJ; lIigratlon. John :'omtth_ Di..('ar,l~ nt: t ...... ept. ~r. from ~ rtnal reduction. Adaptation 01 Powhatan. Fourth Reader c: .... t 01 fnrni.. bID£ bird and tn ,xt PO('ahonta... lec1100 00 Dra~:on kitchen and dining" lite to fore L el Flie--.. Irom ~a....ide room. }lrairie. upland. and Wayside."ature r ..e of catalo~ue... lowland. Reader. -The Pil~r·maker. Fraction", mixf'(l Xc\\" Englan(l september work from. 'ormal Fonrt..h number... ~tate.... ilutinued. Reader sel«uon.. on ('o..t of m~a1,;. Place held b\ the ··bee" from ~ea· Prol"iding meab tor farmtnlZ'n tlie... e ..ide and WaT"lde ..tated number at "tate.. readt:T. .-\bont a ..tated pnef', bird.. · ··~caueryoor PeL Crumb..•· from Pop ular ~cieD('e Reader ··Sparrow and caDary . KiD£:"" !omuD and tbe ".\Db.·· frum Ec :t:..:tic Fourth Reader Henry·... Brt'akf~t: from lJald w10 Fourth Readt:'r. ··The Kingdom... Fraction..,: common Yhldle AUantic Story of King Drawing... of part... "The COTO .. 0 denominator. State.... Philip. of 8eeds. ··From "'eed lo~ ed. Dil"iding and in· I1lu~tratlng experi· How 'O{)1ne Plant... Find creasing amounh ment... Xc\\" Home.. ·- in recipe'" -l'be .... Ieep of PlaoL-..' "The Potato.' ·'The ~eed:' from ~ormal ""ourtb Read- er ··Cau"e.. of Im pure Air." '-rem!· lalion.. of UQllding", from Child ... Ph,",, ulo~· The Dog.' 't. Bt"r Fraction",: addition Southern (."O.1... t Jeffer.. un. Olnstratioll, eXI>eri nard DOg"... from Calculation ofquau State.. meoh. ~urmal 'Fourth Head titt" and co..t of Compari ... on: Drawing of ...ectiun er. HUrT and Hi ... bread",tnff", n..ed in X"rtheru and of luf ~bo" in~ Dog.' from Ele:ctic -.chaol and borne.. "-ontberu plant... stomata a... "",en Fourtb Reader Wbat~ff~Cldoe ... under mit"ro..,· lit" Robin ..on C~"'Je l:!~ \'ariatioo In de lecl1' n.. ~r~eof .. un me of tbe Cat Fam slJine f,wdu.,c· th·.. frorn~' rmal Fi,unb Header. Wbltune;tnn and Hi .. Cat Orawln~ l;' ... ot ruot How PlanL... Ll e. Fraction.. , addition _-<)rtb tral Ca1cnlativn of cc .. t 'Utt:... bair-. trom ~orma.1 Fourth CUpit.. of dra..,n~ .. Reader of food and of mar· Relaul"e" impurt· ket \'aloe of farm ance of 'arion.. of different ("lle'" "-elect n.. fr m ·Black. of hor-.e.. JaD. Beautt" wort animal.. bea... t.. of bur· 'Tbe Hell of Atn. 1en to different from Fitt.. FamOD .. "'cctlon.. ',ufie.. Ret' Draft bor-.e ... 11." )Uri Mal~. lmportante in th ... section. Hou ... ekeepine;· from Fraction.. :'oub . 'orth Central Franklin. Chart ... ho'Winlot ( hoice Literature. rracWfn. ~tate... oon· cu~ of beef and Calculation of (o.. t tinued r tbeir ayera,;e f ~arden ..eed'" Cattle Indu ... trT price. ' PraaicaI llrol) in the... t.' Plan f cbool ~ar lem" ba~ed on ... tate" den. price of different W\ ·.cro\'i!nc. Plan of !o,chool (Ub of beef fa.rm showing .\rea nf carden.. contemplated nop-. of tbe com· inlot season and acreage of each. 54 THE INDIAN CHOOL JOUR AL CORRELATIO.· OF FOURTH·GRADE TUDIE' EXPEIUX£..\Y" Ob."I::R\·ATW~.. Planh Lea-re"'-\·e03. food nio of ~ . on. ~ rfare. eouoo:: up of man b ea'rt lettoce La 11Ia'trate c t, .\DimaIo:;: D: ..ea-.e d' .. ViDa~b. etc tribute['.: RlxIent.... Ob... natIon uf ("at't" ... 4'" }leal Pl.lrk- 'Ot", tbet' ill ~ar lIuch. In eet-. I rice cXlkin.... Preparing and plaotin. ... -bool arden. Plant.. : Lean.·... Ar lIeat... Fo"" .... Pla DC" OJ:a.I ... in dark rancem~nt Xj£ht and '"arietlt. Food Do day-po..ition,. PrOle t. I et:.o othene ("ha.Ii~e n.lne Wal"" t f pc "Ilion. i-rt JI':' ... ition... ootiD~. . .\ulmal.. In..eet de o ... '~n-atinn CbaD~ e f ... tro\*tr... Toad. Eanb II(. ithID . worm. Too u"ed for !;:a.rlIeD t.:are bool garden. w rio:. Plaob: ~tem.. Po.. El •.wmic 'faint: uf ~P«imen, ot raoou... ,Jon .... Work. ~arden to bou"e Herb.... "brub... 1rel:" keeper 't('m, In cla,.o;" room. .\nimal... In"ect De. ~up makiDf{ S "'\~b('01 Plant,:,: garden ~enlnlC earl\" \'tog. weed", etahle, . ~I'tdmell' of "C=f'd, and Do, Animal:-. ('rop de.. tro)' injonolh in.... ecl'i er.. HoUen~. June fruit"- Cart'. brought in from "("hool JUDe Insecb: lTtJlJ de",truy. lap makloj;:. f,:arden. er.... Potato beetle. Cod. Sen1D,2' early \"e etable... ling moth. Otber;, fonnd in cbool garden. Teacher.-Roy, you may tell me what yO" Teacher.-How much will they brillg Il have learned in the garden about the second topic. $L:.o a sack? ROY·-(Picks up potatoes and knife). Pota. Edna. 1 sack, ,L5(); 100 sacks will brill toes should be planted in March. If you ..l.j(l. have plenty of small ones plant them whole. Teacher.-If you sell two sacks ofpotlltllf If flot, cut them in pieces with two or at 95 cent> each and you are gi"en a three eyes to each piece; (iUustrates by cut. dollar bill. how much change must yoo IIWI ting potatoes). Leada. -95 cents and 95 cents equals $I. Teacher. - Edna, what have you learned $5 I , L90 equals $3.10. about the third and fourth topics? Edna reads her story and Leada e Edna. They should be planted in the fur. her problem. rows about one foot apart. The,' should be cultivated several times dUring the summer, MORE ABOUT CORRElATION. and the weeds kept out Teacher. -Roy what have vou learned about the last topir? . Br FLOREC'CE .IITCHELL. J~ Roy.-They should be dug in the fallbefor. The outline given in this i ue of the the rains come. If we have a good crop there • 'AL. is a plan for the correlation of ~ will be five tons to the acre. English, etc.. with the agncultural Il Teacher. - Edna, what is a ton~ housekeeping work in the fourth. gradewort Edna. -A ton is 2,000 pounds. Chilocco. In this grade oral language Teachor.-How many pounds to the acre. is combined with agriculture and housek" Edna. -5 times 2,000 equals 10,OOO-number ing. While the outlined reading less:::: of pounds to the acre. been taken from books on reading f Teacher. - How many sacks of 100 pounds us, almost any reader will be fo"!'d to c;: each to the acre? tain some lessons on these two subjects. . fl.... Leada.-100 pounds, 1 sack; 10,000 pounds, plan to use hectographed copIes 0 tarT 100 sacks to the acre. taken from many sources as supple:::, of work. Lack of space forbids the out THE I:-IDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL 55 CORRELATION OF FOURTH-GRADE STUDIES ~lo. READL'l~. ARlTR:\IETIC -Roa.. t PiJ:," from .'rae-tilIO .. : ,}!o.lu· XOrlb UntraJ Ptlntiac Lea>e:-: Fir--t Cbo'ce Ltteratur phcaroo. ...tatt· . 'cho()l garden ·Cere.. and Pro--d ( '''1 of feeding H' l.; ra.l m\.; In plant.... "bowln~ pine'": trom :,\ormal b '0::---. '"arion .. t3t .. monocot'fledonou.. ~1.1r Fourth n~ader. •ani fr m tet: Ille Helatj('n to or dicol,:ledoll £rain to bog.. in oro and a.l 00.....rrn"cture. "lead of .. dUo 1L falta 2"rO"lD~ Cbart of cot.. of In ..ect Pe'"t:.. ot pork different "tate.. ~lecUODc:. from P~IIm. Fraction.. Multi Padtlr ~tale" ~lorie:-. of In DrawiDC' .,boWIDl.; Jar" leon" Reader. plication. dian:-- in ear arrangement of April Practical problem.. . lime". lea\"e!". of nri ba... ed on IX>ultn on.. plant.... yard 'Work. Talk (of the Tree,.... Fraction.. Din.. Padlic .... tah=~: Daniel Well- "tern.. from "'LOrie.. )fntber ion. Compari... on ... ter. Proonct.. of .. ~·bl>,,1 )Ia)" Xatnre told. PractkaJ problem ... of Paciflc urden. Woodmao, Spare ha.... ed on amount .... tAte IJlant.. In ... ect.... frnm ... chull tbat Tree. and valoe of with tbo... e III 2"ardcn. 'Plaming ot tbe .".p "cboot £"arden other re2ic.n ... pie Tree.' from product. Cboke Literature. "'frea..ure Boxe~. Fraction... Di'·j ... · Pacific ~tate~: June fruit.. anl! Irom Storie.. Moth· ion. Fruit,,; of Pa· weed.. June ~r !\ature Told. Calculation" ba.. ed cific and oth· on price (If spring er ... tate~ ,-egelable,.; and froit!'. all observations and experiments. The aim nagging in their daily treatment and disci is to use object teaching wherever possible. plining. In addition to being useful in showing how It is very necessary for a teacher to have the work can be correlated. it is a valuable some knowledge of this early training, and if aid to the teacher in preparing her wee'ly it can be had in no other way. visit the homes outlines. This alone is sufficient to warrant of those of whom there is a doubt, and ob the preparation of such a chart. sen'e the parents' method of discipline. and tones of voices used when conversing with lNTfRf.ST AND ATT~lION. their children, and in this way a teacher soon unde~tands the situation and decides upon a By ABBIE W. ' 'TT. plan of "procedure." A thlJughtful consideration of every request Sl'Curing interest and attention frum chiltl before a decision is given. and adhering to ren many times depends upon how much a the decision when given, make the children teacher is in .ympathy "ith them: that is. to feel that the teacher's judgments are for have them feel that their ioterests are hen; their interests. Take pains to have them know also. Doubtleos this is difficult to do many they are, and to ·trengthen this inea.do as little time•. but what has been done once can be public fault finding as possibly; at such time done again by pen;everance and tact. remember the old adage "two's company, Kindnes::i and. firmness are two useful three's a crowd" can be applied in morewaY::i weapons for defense in the ,chool-room, and lhan one, thereby, weaving a bond of sym judiciously used. day after day, spiced with pathy and love similar lothat which Pestalozzi truth, ,incerety. and a feeling of live and let wa, always able to seeure. This bond of live. tends tu in pire a similar de;:;ire in the ,ympathy and love secured, a teacher has hearts of children. By all means in connee overcome the main difficulties towards self tion with this desire, work for self-control of government and much done towards establish pupils. In early childhood, children obey im ing a few habits of self-control that are per plicitly without ask in!!, reasons, that is, if manent, but to do this, occupation mUllt go parents have not been careless, exacting, or hand in hand with devices. to seeure attention 56 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOUR~AL and interest. If tbere is tbe latter, tbe form In tbe study of each state or country the er is easily disposed of provided tbe teacber agricultural products are brougbt forwanl is judicious in tbe beginning of association prominently, also minerals and manufactures witb pupils, that i when children enter wbich result from the natural and climatic school, employment should be given them at conditions of the state or country. once, and by change of work kept profitably After we have learned all tbought to be and pleasantly at ~'ork all the time they are necessary about Kansas we Pass to neigh in school, thus securing a footing for interest boring states, finishing one group before g0 and attention. ing to anotber. As Dr. )lcVannel stated, "Example is a In classes tbat bad advaoced far enough ,,"onderful educator for children," a teacher m history I would ask questions whicb would is aware of the fact that children are led in bring to mind historical places, persons IIId to the spirit of things thm influences exerted events. 1 alway teacb current e"nts to by older people, especially, a teacberinwhom advanced classes and often recent events are they have implicit confidence. Hence, it is called for if related in any way to tbe state very necessary for a teacher to be earnest, being studied. sincere. unselfish, polite, and last but not Often the state has a nick·name or the least, cheerful. l hildren are quick to dis people a nick-name. If so it is learned; slso tinguish between a gloomy and a cheerful the reason for tbe name. face. Seeing thoir teacher shirk no task, but Each state had its nati"e Indian tribe. busy, cheerful, cool headed under all difficul As much as can be learned of them is taugbt; ties they cannot help but be imbued witb a also where t~at tribe is now, if Iiviug. desire to imitate, or enter into the spirit of The following is tbe outline I prepared for school-routine, and entering into tbe 'pirit of the study of Virginia. Thi i placed on the environment is securing attention and inter blackboard so the children can prepare the est. 108' n from it. also an outline map to aid the _-\ definite plan or purpo e should be in the the pupil in drawing. aim of a teacber. Preparation for all work VIRGL>;IA. should be made, I,ro'iding for eacb week's Capital. work, care being taken m securing of mater Chief seaport. ial to be used as models in recitations, select. Two other large town,. ing those objects that are of most interest Five border states. and suited to the capacity of every child, with Two border mnuntain range tbe aim of keeping all interested and secur One border bay. ing attention. One border river. The active facultie of children sbould be One inland river. employed and lessons presented in a way to Two capes. make them clear, and to arouse interest for Border ocean. self investigation. This can be done bv a Latitude. careful planning for larger details, leading Longitude. children to think and to search for facts them Agricultural products in nrder of import- selves, thereby proving their interest in the ance. subject taugbt. )Iineral products. )Ianufactures. ruCHING GEOGRAPHY. Compare with Kansas in size. •'ick ·names nf tate. BY EDITH B. eRAWFORD. 'ative Indian tribes. In the study of advanced geography I First Enl(lish settlement. . would use tbe text book only as a reference Facts relating to ViTl(inia in the Revoluaoo- arv and Civil Wars. . book and would prepare an outline to suit \'i~ the particular country or state to be studied. Historical people belonging to I generally begin with Kansas, as all my The Jamestown Exposition in 1907; why, for what? teachmg bas been in near·by tates or ter Two important schook. '1.1 ritories and because Kansas has a central posItion and a regular outline which makes I always adapt my outline to the capse! It very .easy to draw. I teacb the size of of the average pupil in the class. In so: K:msas m square miles; also its length and classes I would use only about half of ,,,dth. above outline. THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL i){ia SOME Of THE ElEMENTS OR QUAUTIES Of A GOOD have no idea what they are going to do. They TEACHER. are hazy in their minds-what the English call. "woolly headed." By Wli. DA\lES. ]n too manycases the next day's 'Work is no given any thought at all. School and school· What a "sphere" a teacher occupieR! room work is thesideissue-a meansofmaking What an influence fnr good a teacher can a living, but not a legitimate means. It i~ develop if he will! This thought apolies to a criminal for any person to pose as a teacher any teacher. from the greatest educator in and reeet ve a salary and depri\'e children of the land to the unheard of teacher in the opportunities that they will have at no other rural district. time in their lives. There are few teachers who are really So in order to be a good teacher a great great. There are many more who are good deal of time must be devoted to the planning teache~. There are very many more who and preparation of lessons. are not teacbers at all-true they "give Teacher Must be Enthusiastic.-Another lessons" and hear classes, but thathm't teach very important quality or elementof the good ing always. A recitation should be something teacher is Enthusiasm. The teacher sbould more then hearing a clas. recite. If that is be an inspiration rather then a damper to all it does it is of comparatively little value. pupils. The very presence of some teachers The real true teacher is teaching all the time. is an inspiration to do good work. It is a well His very presence is an inspiration. Pupils known psychological fact that there is, "No will bear the impress of their contact for real impression without some form of expres years to follow. He will have power to in· sion. H So if a teacher 1S really and truly inter spire character. In this paper it is oot my ested in the work, it is going to manifest it. purpose to discuss the recitation or teaching, self in many ways. It is going to affect his but briefly speak of the elements of a good manner of taking up the work. It will show teacher. in his attitude toward the work. He will Familiarity With Subject Matter.-Un ap/~ar and act interested. He will be inter doubtedly the most essential-in fact indis ested. This stored-up energy is bound to pensable element is. "Familiarity with sub break out. Keep a supply on hand ready for ject matter." use. There are no two ways about it-a teach The good teacher bould and does known a er must keep up the enthusiasm in his class greatdeal more then be is called upon to teach. himself; no class will be enthusiastic with a Matthews, one of our greatest teachers "stick" Cor a teacher. The intelt$t must not of today says, "An indispensable quality of be allowed to lie down. Keep your class so a good teacher is that he has at least twice busy that the members will not ha\'e time to as much knowledge of his subject as he is whi per or think of anything except what you called upon to teach to pupil." are giving. When this is learned your pupils Work should be presented in a logical. sys can no more help catching some of your en tematic, order. E\·ery lesson should be one thusiasm than they can help breathing. more brick in the structure that is being Sympathy and Tact.-A sort of feeling or built. Every lesson, in addition to the learn spirit which trusts e\'ery one-seeing nothing ing' of a few facts connected with the subject, but good-seems to be characteristic of every should pave tbe way for what is to follow. little child. This appears to grow weak.. a,. Ever day's work should be a part of a week's the child grows older, Still there are very work; e\'cry week a part of a month or term; few children of school age who have lost it every term a year, eU. So in order to teach all. So a teacher in any grade. in order to any subject properly. the teacher should do the best work. must keep this in mind at know definite:y (a week at least), ahead all times. Children should feel that the what he wIshes to teach, and in a more ~en teacher is a helper. co-worker, not a fault eral wav the whole year's work should be well finder. in mind. Again, I ;ay, he must understand The teacher must interest; make ambition: thoroughly what he is going to teach. He make the desire; make the incentive; mu~t must also know how to explain the different act and think; and last but by far the g'eatest, points in the lesson. He must have ~ defini~e must gain the pupils' love and confidence'. lan-a method-and he must have It at hIS For this all round success, the tactful teach· iong-ue's end. It is right here that many er will always be in the lead. He will come ~ifferent teachers fail. They go before a class and in cuntact with the temperaments 5Gb THE INDIAN SCHOOL ,JoenN.\L and characters and thereby learn each pu The candle flame died out so suddeDIJ pil's own individual needs. In short the teach cause no flame can live without oxygell, • er will know his pupils as no one el,e will. as no human teing can live without Discipline and Management. -The question The air we breathe, when pure, is 01140-&111I of discipline is best settled by the teacher. oxygen. When we burn that vital fifth Usually it is the idle pupil who is in mischief. of it, or use it up in breathing, we take If the teacher has the proper attitude es very life out of the air. What then tablished toward him-that of respect and is largely poisonous carbonic acid. confidence-n,aking the pupil feel that the You couldn't live five mIDutes in a teacher is his best friend, and at the same that had all the oxygen burnt out of it, time not relaxinl( the bond of discipline, this could you light a lamp, or match. or a file matter of management is solved. As stated a room that had not considerable oxygl!ll above. be so well prepared and have work so in it to support the flame. well arranged that every moment will be used As we breathe 16 to 20 times a minute, to the best admntage, and there will be no can easily see what happens to our time for disorder. when we breathe air in close rooms Tbe indispensable qualities then, of a good ing lamps, or an open fire. teacher are, first more knowledge of subject than he will be able to teach; a definite plan of presentinl( subject; enthusiasm and inter Quint Qutsti.... est in work; tact and sympathy with pupil; Do you know that the bayonet .. friendliness and willingness to take trouble. called because it was first made at Ba These acquired, the teacher is on the high France? road to success. He must work with them That coffee received its name for the and for them. Must let them see that he is that it first came to Europe from Kalfa! anxious only for their advancement. "He who That tobacco was so called from the would succeed must not only work, but edu of Tobacco, the home of Daniel Dd cate himself as he works." im3J(inary hero, Robinson Crusoe! That candy was first exported from now LAMPS BURN TnI LIn OUT Of AIR. That gin was invented at Geneva and became an important factor in the The following is a good reading exercise; of that city? That the tarantula was a notorious ~ Here is a lighting test you may try. the Taranto? Take a common dinner plate and pour half That cambric was made at Cambray! a gla of water into it. That muslin was made at MousseliDe! Set an inch of candle upright in the water, That calico was marle at Calieut! and then light the candle wick. Now turn That dimity was made at Damietta! an empty glass upside down on the plate, That milliners first plied their over the candle, while itis still burning brisk ly. Note what happens. Milan? That the magnetic rroperty of iron ore The candle will die out a moment after the first noticed in that dUI( in the no' glass has been turned over it. Then the water will rush into the glass from off the of Magnesia? Ask your friends and see how many of level plate, and it will stay in the upside down glass. know th""e facts. - Exchange. Why does the candle die out so suddenl,,? And why does the water rush up into the in JL' Indian chieftain as a railroad p "erted glass? is a rare thing, but that is what Because the candle flame has instantly Porter, chief of the Creeks, is. Hi. burnt up all the oxygen of the air which was is the Indian Central. It filed it, charW originally in the glass. Guthrie and is capitalized at ~I5,OOO,~, That left a vacancy where the oxygen us templates the constuction of 460 mi\ea ed to be-a vacuum. railroad in Indian Territory and Ok And that vacuum cuased a suction which within the next two "ears. The road drew the water upward into the I(lass, like a at Ponca City and ~ns southeast to pump, to take the place of the burnt-out oxv- Texas, with a branch line runnieg f_ g~. • - Red River northwest to Oklahoma City. THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL 57 A COMPLETE STUDY OF INDIANS. that there was never a migration from Siberia to Alaska. From a Wa<,;biogton Dbpatcb. Instead. it is found that the Kam The Bureau of American Ethnology. chatkan native emigrated to the one of the most expensive and the penin ula from Alaska. least conspicuous of the Government Recently there was widely circulat bureaus, is now completing a history ed astory that some philological sharp of the American Indian to which the had studied out many and marked re labor of twenty-five years has been semblances between some of the Indi devoted. an tribes of the country and the The work Ivill deliver another sci Japanese. The Bureau of Ethnology entific blow at the biblical theory that takes no stock in the theory. It has the human race originated through been contended that both language Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden and physiognomic likenesses exist. about 4,000 years ago. While they do But the bureau scientists say that not not assume to explain the origin of only is evidence lacking to show Indi the Indian, the scientists say human an relationship to Oriental stocks, but remains have been discovered in geo that there is no relatio nshlp among logical strata of this country show the great groups of Indian languages. ing that man existed here 300,000 years The forthcoming volume in the main ago. It is not claimed that the re will be devoted to the history of things mains are such as to prove that the that can be accurately described about Indian was the aboriginal creature of the Indian tribes. The relationshIps this early date. It mayor may not of the different tribes that inhabited have been the Indian. the continent when the white man An interesting theory is put for came, their probable migrations and ward that the race may have origi development before that time, their nated in the vicinity of the North numbers. their wars and their move pole. That is to say, the argument is ments since the white race began to advanced that in the processe of the push them back, will be set forth. earth's cooling, those were the only Liberal space will be given to recount regior.s sufficiently cool to be habit ing Indian traditions, the principal of able by man as he is now consti which have been carefully translated tuted. a handed down in the various tribes. A large portion of the work is de voted to a study of Indian language'. Uniform Symm Netdol. The lingual expert find that there A law much needed in every state is one is practically nothing in the language providing fora umfann system of county, city and school records and the checking up of of the Indians to indicate relationship same by an expert or experts under very care to any other race known in the world. ful supervision. A system of his character would not only be a great saving in cost of The Bureau of Ethnology rejects records and taking proper care of them, but the notion that a study of language would at 0 preventembezzlementoT misappro pnation of funds. Thellublication of all expen roots indicates that any of the Indian ditures of public funds in a comprehensive. tribes originally were African~, Sibe itemized form. should also t>e required to be made at least monthly and the people given rians, Mongols or Aryans. Not only full information a' to what is being done with this but recent investigations among their money. Publicity is a good preventive of crime and wrong-doing and it behooves the the natives of the Kamschatkan Pen new state to start right in this particular insula are said to indicate very clearly direction.-Oklahoma Post. 58 THE !:- ing the torpedo boats and submarines, but ex cluding auxiliaries,an aggregate displacement This Wide, Wide World of upward of 244.000. Relatively powerless Pen Pid"rtl oj Plurfl PtrJung and PIJjJlllllr 3 and insignificantas the t"rperlaboats may have looked, the truth is that if one of them, the OUR WONDERFUL VACATIOI< COUNTRY. Wilkes, could getnear enough to such a float ing fort as the battlesbip West Virginia and But if, as a rule, the American moves and spit a torpedo out of her tube in the right di has his being in a hurry, he knows how to rection, $6,000,000 would go up in the air and enjoy himself; and it is he who has given the 800 men would be food for the fishes. We name "outing" to a practice which has be may add, in order to refute some groundless come well-nigh universal the country through. accusations, that the cost of the na\-al review urely no land in the world can show anything imposing as the pageant looked, was neglig like the Houting" hoteb, the excursion routes, ible. The cost was computed by Rear Admiral the rural camps in valley, on mountaio side, Evans (Fighting Bob) at $300 all told; for, as hy lake, where the wild fowl gather and the he pointed out, so long as a ghip is in commis deer congregate-not in little pens or paddock, sion, it is just as cheap for her to be at an to be butchered at will, but in their native chor off Oyster Bay as to be steaming across forests to he hunted within limits prescribed the ocean.-Harper's Weekly. by law-which abound in this vast country of ours with its great mountain ridges, gleaming PESTILENCE OF BEGGARS IN SPAIN. lakes blown up into seas by great winds, its boundless fore8ts, or its incomparable sea Spain has a nopulation of beggars. There coasts, along which the endless migration of are so many of them that it is impossible to fish, countless in numbers and variety and understand how they can make their ir,dustry matchless in flavor, reward the skill of the lucrative; and if it were not for the crowd. disciples of Izaak Walton, of blessed memory. of tourists who have to pay them for the privi The great mass of Americans, in every avenue lege of seeinR the picturesque remains of the of life-the father, the wife and mother, the country's past, I don't believe they could. children. employer and employe, manservant All southern countries are similarly beridden, and maidservant-all must have their outing. I know, but I have never been in any other and they manage to get it. Do Americans quite land where beggary assumed so many surpris· understand how fortunate they are in possess· ing disguises or so many unsightly forms. jog their advantages for summer rest and re There is nothing ullusual about the dirty, cuperation? Nowhere in the world, it may shrill-voiced children, the unkempt old women, safely be said, are such facilities for excur and the ragged, filthy, blear-eyed men who sions by rail and river, on sound and sea. to be follow one in the streets, imploring one, in enjoyed by those of the most limited means as the name of God, to save tbem from freezin/( here, and nowhere has the practice of .·taking or starving, or some other dire, improbable an outing" become such an ineradicable habit. thing; but to be stopped by a well-dre -ed re -Leslie's Weekly, spectable, even aristocratic-looking person and asked for alms in terms and tones that would grace the conversation of any circle. THE POWER OF OCR N.H·Y. is an experience startling enough to be placed Figures seem essential tocoove)" to the non in the categoryof the decidedly unusual. - Le, prof ional mind an adequate conception of lie's Weekly. the stupendous power for aggression or for resistance concentrated in twelve battleships, THE ScPERIORITY OF THE ~lCLE. four armored cruisers, four protected cruisers. fO'Jr monitors, and a dozen torpedo boats and The mule is Ie,s nervous than the horse and torpedo-boat destroyers, besides submarines therefore, loses less energy in usele ~ fret and auxiliary craft. It must here suffice to ting. In fact. one of the cbief characteristics say that the twelve battleships alone which of the mule is his ability to take care of him were massed off Oyster Bay represpnted a self under all circumstances. Much of the ap combined displacement of nearly 1f>l,000 tons; parent shirking which is charged against the the armored cruisers, almost 55,000 tons; the mule is an inborn tendency to husband his monitors and protected cruisers more than 32" strength and make every efforl count. The thi~ 000 tons, and the whole fighting fleet, includ· result of instinctive care on the part of 62 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL the mule is tbat he is able to turn out more TO THE FAITIlI'UL STUDENTS AT CHILOCCO. work than would be po ible for a borse of the same weight under the same conditions. By JAS. H. REEDY. The mule instinctively avoids boles, sharp ob From the c in.\ Be, stacles, barbed-wire fences and various other Till you graduate B. \. forms of danger wbich are not so succ fully From the day .. i){ ('hildhood.\ Jrll'\:. avoided by horses. It is a matter of common To the glad (·ommellt.-ement dar: observation tbat in instance where mules run Year> will come with I .. ", long, nay they seldom injure tbemselves to any Burdetl:i borne that make one .:tnlDg: serious extent. In mining, mules are quite su .\ BC the door did ope, perior to horses for tbe reason that tbey seem To the brij(hteoin~ ray. of hope; to understand the requirements and dangers Led on from your .\ Be, of the work more clearly tban horses. Farm To.-ard the goal, a goc.I degree. ing. Three things in your mind must blend, 110>1. be kept in harmony: FAT ~-SAS. An.'iwer make ~ friend to friend. Tnere is no more imaginative and emotion One l'Omplete autonomy: al State than Kansas. In the days of tbe )Ian to think, and know hi:o<. mind: grassboppers and the Populists, her wails Earth II> home of all mankind. filled the world. For a number of years, Heart, and head and hand combined, however, her prosperity bas been unva'1ing Language frames, and pictures too and almost indecent. Her farmers are pop E,-e~~ work that men can do, ularly supposed to drive automobiles and to y, imagine, cipher thrl1ugb. vary the labors of the farm by long quarter From the day, of ABC ly cuttings of coupons. It is aid that if the Till he graduat.. A. B. money in the Kansas bank, were divided among the population there would be some Lay foundations broad aDd deep, $600 for every man, woman and child in the While you're in the home -cilool; State. This year plutocratic Kansas makes HoUr> for ,tudy, hours for ,Ieep, no halt in her rush for the Mammon of un 11ap them out hy rigid rule righteousness. Her corn crop is estimated For 'tis now you form the plan, at 200,000,000 bushels. Her winter wheat That the world will later "Can. crop is more than 90,000,000 bushels; and the And deride, or prai...... Your deed> spring wheat added makes a total wheat crop When applied to life" great need. of a normal 100,000,000 busheis.-Everybody' Only four brief years to gel Magazine. Ready for the fray, and ...t Hou.·.e in order for the day. Wben to hearth and home you oay; MlKlKC MEERSCHAUlI. Off to college,-there to ,tay Meerschaum, although the name means Four years more,-nor one to pla~. "sea foam," is not a marine product, but is a soft, soaplike stone which is mined just as From the cia,;,. in ABC coal is mined. Asia Minor is the principal Till yOll graduate B. A. seat of the industry. In its crude state, From the day, of childi.'" glee. meerschaum is yellowish-white in color, and To the glad commencement dav; a red clay coat or skin envelopes the blocks Year'" at borne were none too long. ..u-on~. taken from the mine. These blocks bring Lo,"e·., true work 'twas made you from $35 to $200 a carload. Thev are soft B. A. door> the wider ope en~ugh to be cut with a knife. After being To enduring, righteou> hope. dried under the open sun in summer, or in a warm room in winter, the blocks are sorted Nanj. Blankd as a frtstnl. into different grades. They are then wrapped There is much enjoyment ill presenting a In cotton and packed in cases for the market. I(ift, but the full enjoyment of such aCU~~th The bulk of the product goes to Vienna, only felt by one who gives s~methltg '\ t. while. A 'avajo blanket WIll add f m~c that where the best pipemakers are found. In any home, and it is a well-known ac enD the estimation of the connoi eur, meer they wear forever, We have only tbe g schaum makes the lightest cleanest smoking ine Native Kavajo Handicraft. outfit. - Technical World. ' THE I ·DW· PRINT SHOP. THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL 63 ment land openings, the officials decided to have one of the old-time rushes. But the In and Out of the Service night before the giant charge of dynamite was fired at noon from the top of a mountain, Vincent Natalish. Carlisle 1901, after sever indicating the starting time, hundreds of men al promotions, is now superintendent of a had evaded or overpowered the Inoian police bridge construction company in J. ~ew York, along the border and when tho,e who ot and able to demand ,a day. When we hear sen'ed the law entered they found the best that he "contieues to study diligently durin!! claims all taken. The Secretan' of the In his off-work hours" there is reason to expect teri"r, bowever, has decided th~t the irreg that he will rise still higher. - Indian's Friend. ularities were not5ufficientl,Y flagrant to war rant the invalidating of the opening. Joseph Baer, representing the Mutual Life Insllrance company, left this morning on the A dispatch sent out from Santa Fe, •'ew Mexico, says: Carrying a hig grip, partly fill flyer for the l Yavajo reservation in Arizona. Mr. Baer says that it is surprising to know ed with silver dollars, to pay his traveling the readiness with which the.'avajo Indian expenses, and holding in one hand a silver takes to insurance. Many of the more intel· headed cane presented to him bl' President ig~nt and better-to-do have their lives insur Lincoln, Chief Jose Romero, head of the 5CO ed, some ofthem for large amounts. There Jamez Indians of Sandoval County, passed is one chief 00 the reservation that carries a through this citl' today enroute to Washing $60,000 policy.-Albuquerque, New ~Iexico, ton to see President Roosevelt. He called Citizen. upon Governor Hagerman today and talked through an interpreter for an hour_ With ~Iiss Reel, superintendent of Indian schools, the chief were former Chief Jose Rey Chin· visited several of the day schools in White nana. Interpreter Jose Rey Chiurivi and Juan Clay and Wounded Knee Districts. The day Antonio Sabiquiu, captain of war, who will school inspector accompanied her. The teach also go to Washington. The Indians will ask ers and housekeepers that are carrying out President Roosevelt to intercede with the the wishes of the Indian ollice for practical Department of Indian Affairs to have restored education, and are showing good results of to them hundreds of acres of land wpich they their teaching, received her commendation; claim were gi"en them in a grant bl' the otherwise, not; but if anyone thought he had Spaniards. The Federal Government has re a better plan, request was given to write it fused to recognize the old grant, for which out and send it to the ollice at W..,hington. there is little more than tradition to prove a -Xew Era, Rosebud, uth Dakota. title. After a prolonged squabble the Attorney Indian Territory cast 6,310 more ballot. in General of the United States has decided the election for Delegates to the Constitu that the jurisdiction of the schools of the tional Convention than did Oklahoma accord· eminole Kation lies in superintendent of ing to the latest return that are ohtainable. schools, J. D. Benedict, thru the 'ecretary The Canvassing Board for Oklahoma an of Interior. The Seminole nation contended nounce· that the total vote on that side was that under a recent act of Congress that 9-1,690. This included the Osage.·ation. The nation had the supen-ision of aU Indian Canva -ing Board for Indian Territory bas schools within its borders. The Government canvassed returns from fifty-two of the dis has permitted the nation to have the control. tricts in Indian Territory and there are -g.OCO pending the decision of the attorney general. votes. In these fifty-two districts there are Word of the opinion was received by Supt. forty-nine precincts missing and the vote not Benedict Saturday.-Muskogee Phoenix. counted. Tbese with the three districts that The opening of the Walker Lake Indian are not yet in. estimating them on an aver Reservation, in .j. ..evada. was attended by un age \\;th the precinct and districts that have fortunate circumstances. Gold-the most been counted, will make a total of 101,000 attractive of all lure-was known to be with· votes, or 6,310 more than were cast in Okla in its preserve, and when the Government homa. This is the first time any accurate estimate of the voting strength of the two announced that it would be thrown open for territories has been possible, and it shows settlement miners by the hundreds flocked to Indian Territory in the lead. The censu. of the borders. Instead of registering and draw 1900 gave Indian Territory 392,000 and Okla· ing, as has been done- in all recent Govern- homa :196,OOO population. 64 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL fT. AfACIIL ARIZONA, SCHOOL NOTES. KANSAS KICIAfoo SCHOOL NOns. Dr. Vankirk, wife and son are now with us. Mr. D. W. Logan, industrial teacher, is having been transferred from Mohave, Ariz. taking his leave of absence this month. Dr. Logan has recently resigned from the The boys finished husking the Ith of Ko Indian Service and has now resumed his prac vemher. Nearly 2000 bushels were cribbed. tice in Oklahoma. The pupils in Mi Whitaker's room gave a Our School opened the first Monday in nice little program the day before Thanksgiv ept. with the largest enrollment of pupils ing. The room was decorated, representing we have ever had, there being ninety boys the season of the year. and ninety girls. upt. Minor and family are now keeping Carpenter Gen. ~. Quinn has just complet hou e in the superintendent's cottage. Mr. ed the new Employees building. and the Minor was transferred from the Makah res· engineer, Mr. Freeman, is now putting in ervation in Washington, near Cape Flattery. the electric lights. John Masquequa is now Indian preacher to The Canyon day school, two mile below Ft. the Kickapons. He conducts services at tbeir Apache. is now completed and proving a suc church every Sunday. Quite a numberofln cess. with Mr. Bradford as principal, and ~Irs. dians attend and all seem to be deeply im Bradford as matron pressed in their worship. The Indian service has always had the name Since the light has been too dim to study of being a good matrimonial bureau. We an in the evening, Mr. Gilliland's pupils have ticipate two weddings in the near future. been given exercises in reading, pronuncia· How does this size up for Apache agency! tion and elementary sounds. The pupils are Our seamstress. Miss Clappen, has been re taking great interest in the work. cently promoted to the position of field rna A fine Thanksgiving dinner was served the tIOn, and transferred to Chin Lee, on the children-30 chickens, popcorn, cake, pie and Navajo Indian reservation. Miss Smith, her many other things too numerous to mention. successor, is now with us. It is needless to say justice was done to Supt. C. W. Crouse ha- just completed a the occasion. Thanksgiving is looked for Howe Truss bridge across White river, fif ward to here as a day of rejoicing, as "e1')' teen miles below Ft. Apache. The span is thing is done to make it pleasant for the chil one hundred and twenty-five feet, the con dren. struction has been on the mns t modern plans. Clerk Arthur Love. M",. Love and son We now have a bra band organized, under Ralph, have gone to Browning, Montana. the leadership of Mr. Rogers Venne, who is where Mr. Love has been transferred a, also our new baker. We hope to soon be clerk. Mr. Love has been clerk here for able to drown the sound of the soldier's bu nearly three years and has made many friends gle at Fort Apache, which is only three miles with those he has met in a business relatIOn. distant. Their many friends wish them success in their Our superintendent and his wtfe, Mr. W. new field. D. W. G. A. Leenur, school farmer, and Carpenter G. N. Quinn, left here on November 7th to at Cooundrums. tend the annual Territorial Fair at Phoenix It bas a which opens on November 12th to 17th inelu: Why is a tree like an elephant' sive. The company started with one pump trunk. Wh kin and one cabbage, which they had raised When are parcels and vines alike! eo here, with the intention of placing the prod twined. . ts' When ucts of Whiteriver scil on exhibition at the When are old houses like com1C . Great Fair. But, sad to relate, they had hut condemned. . onven- one six-mule team and one wagon and the Why are deaf and dumb people I1ke c two articles for exhi bition were so heavy and tions' They make motions. · lass are the hulky that they were compelled to leave What men among the work109 c . ., Th tonecutters. them hy the wayside. We trust that other most persIstent stnkers. e s seed may b. used the ensuing year that we Why is an underdone egg like a young man both may stand a chance to win a prize, which we uddenly fallen in love' Because are now feel entitled to. TI:Bt:GINCIDA. soft. -Washington Times. THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL 65 OFFICIAl REPORT OF INDIAN SERVICE ~nn.-ellie. cott, asst. matron Fort Belknap .,..,. ,. CHANGES DURING OCTOBER. Carrie A. Bellinger. cook. Leech Lake .~. . Lbsa ~. O. Tucker. teacher. ~rkulturaL CHANGES fOR TH.E SOlOOL SERVICE. 1;00. ~Iar)" L. Leader, a~.st. teacher. Fort Ht:' . knap. ;JOO. Appoiolm water day. i'2 mO' l t.eacher. Lehi day. i'2 mo. Emma .1. Hu"ey a"t. matron. Hainy Yirl[ie Pfeifer. ho ekeeper. Polacca. :l(J ~lountain. 420. per rno.. to hou-ekeeper. :"eah Bay :l(J per Randal Calkin' ind trial teacher. A'. mo. . buqnerque. ~20. )1. Katharine uires. teacher, tandlDg' flock day.1iO mo.. to teacber. agricultural i:!O. Appointmmts- Empl" Positions. Walter P. uire_, da\' -chool in,pector, ~lagl!'ie Platero. cook. Znni, MO. 'tanding flock. 1.000. t05upt., agricultural. Elil. Aiken, ...st. cook. O-age. 400. 1.000. Fred E. Smitb. as"t. Pine Ridge. 600. Burton .~. ~lartindale. teacher. ac 'x Roger \·enne. discip.. Apache. ~Io Ft. 660. Fox day. Kan_.. flO per mo.. to dbcip.. Julia Rnndell. laundre.,. is-eton.420. tiui, '4-0. Jobn Lufkin,. carpenter. Hayward. 600. Ocar C. Hanson. teacher. Chey. Rirer Ro-e .\ubrer. a--t. teacher. Xevada. 400. dar. fjtl l'eT mo.. to teacher. Pine Rid~e Ja!'>. T. now. carpenter. tanding Rock, da\'. '1l0. 420. E\'aline D. Green. hou_ekeeper, Gila Jennie Baxter, housekeeper. Pine Ridge. l'ro__ ing. :l(J mo.. to bon.;ekeeper. Black 30n. water. ;-W mo. ~l. Ethel Bro..n. honsekeeper. Swinom'-h Helen Ha",on. hou_ekeeper. Chey. da\'. :l(J(). Rh"er da\", ::w mo., to hou ..ekeeper. Pine :~JO. Slinnie E. Freeland. bon.;ekeeper. Polac· Rid"e dai·. ca. 3<1 mo. Willard A. Fuller. teacher. Porcupine Jennie C. ,Jame'. hOlL-keeper. (;ila Cro,s da\'.... D.. tiO mo., to teacher. Ralt Rixer in!!'. :1O mo. da\". Ariz.. i'2 mo. Gertrude F. Bro..n. hon-ekeeper. Ronan Sarah Fuller. hou,ekeeper. Porcupine dal'. 30 mo. day. X. D.• :l(J mo.. to bou-ekeeper Salt Rirer da\", .\Tiz., 30 mo. Lupita Garcia. housekeeper. 'an Jaun dar. 30 mo. Amelia S. Linderman. hou-eKeeper. Blackwater day Ariz.. :JQ mo., to hOU~f f"'lemin[ Lavender, ... hoe ..\: harne:,,,maker, keeper. :)0 mn.. 'Lehi day. .\I"ur.,400. R Loub Goings, shoe &- barnessmaker. a pid City. 600. .I[ollie Hou_ton. housekeeper, rasa Blan· Resifll'.lions. ca da\', :Ill mo. '11 _.\rtie Bailey. matron. (hoe..;20. Hedwige (,handonnet. seaJ]stre~s. \'1 t Fred G. Wolf. baker, Pboenix..}ll). Hice Rh'er, 4~. . Fanny G. Paull. teacher. Ha-kell. tj(~1. Alice Pauline Remke_. hOLhekeeper. BI~ .J. M. Corbin. teacher. Pine Ridl[e. til)(). Pine. ral.. 30 mo. Abbie IY. cotto teacher. Chilocco. ~::?O. Josephine \Yhitelil!'htiDg. hou.ekeeper. .Ja.-. F. Bond hlack_mlth. Ft. 'hal<. 1)1;11. ('annon Ball day. :l(J mo. E. II. Truitt. teacber, Pine Ridge. 61l0. Benj. Bohlander. dairyman. Salem. I~'l. Calrin .\. Re","or. Plumber. • alem. 660. RtsignatiollS-Exc )lary )\el.on. hou,ekeeper, Casa Blanca '11m. Z. Jerome. stenol(rapher. O,a/fe day, Ariz.. 30 mo. Commission. 1000. Lewis D. )\el on. teacher. Casa Blanca Da vid B. Henden,on. black,mith and daI, Ariz.. i:? mo. wheelwril(ht. Tulalip. ;"0. App Jennie B. lIoods. financial clerk. Ft. Arndt ~l. Han'on. laborer. ('anton ."y_ Berthold. 600. . lum. ~- Eddie Double RUDner. as;;btant mechamc. Blackfeet. 3f,o. F't. Peter 'tandi,h. additional farmer Resignations-UocUssifioi Smic,. Berthold. -\.; mo. Jim Twicl. laborer. ',n Carlos. :)1;0. Jno. X. Garbar. addilional farmer. Pot ~lorrj,. tawatomie. tiO mo. Gear e laborer. TolaHp. :lOO. .-\ugllstine A. Lorna.::.. additional farmer. Frank Trooall. laborer. Om.ha. t!O. .'an Jacinto. :JO mo. To-da-quo-zia. laborer. an Juan. 31iO. Leonard Delmater. additinnal farmer. Henn Sheridan. laborer, Omaha. ;Jo,l. Chf;'\"enne ni rer. liO mo. Jo,eph Baker, laborer. lIinnebago. 360. Thos. F. )Id'ormic", atldit;l'oal farmer. Jame- K. Polk. laborer. "Carl" 300. Cheyenne and .\rapahoe. 110 mo. Henn ~Iale_-v. laborer. \,hite Earth. 300. ~1ikeDal' Rider. laborer. Blackfeet. 3110. DHid D: La Hreche. laborer. Blackftet, Rcsignations-Exc •• OPPORTUNITY:' takes work to keep it. The great blunder of the colleges is that they have lifted men out Mr. Elbert Hubbard. in a recent issue of of life in order to educate them for life. All his valuable little periodical. Tbe Pbilistine, educated college men know this and acknowl prints the following from bis versatile pen. edge it. In his last annual report President Not always agreeing with ~Ir. Hubbard's Eliot, of Harvard, made a strong appeal to writings, TUE JOURNAL admires him for his parents to get their children into the practi ever-ready assistance to the 1''Lnder-dog'' cal world of life as soon as possible, and not and hi belping words of hope to those who expect a college degree of itself to insure have "tried and failed:" success. "Those who want to g!'ow and evolve should "There is a gray-bearded maxim, honored on account of its venerable age, which runs not give too much time to the latest novel and daily paper. Don't spread yourself out thus: 'Opportunity knocks once at each man's thin. Concentrate on a few things, the very door.' Jobn J. Ingalls once went a-sonneting best educated men do not know everything. around this proverb, and some say he wrote Choose what you will be and then get at it. the finest sonnet ever written by an Ameri You'll win. can. I am inclined to think thi. is so; and if "If you quit, it simply shows you did not it is, it proves for us that truth is one thing want an education; you only thought you and poetry another. did-you are not willing to pay the price. "The actual fact is that in this day Oppor· " Why, in the Michigan State Penitentiary tunity not only knocks at your door, but is at Jackson. I saw in a convict's cell three playing an anvil chorus on eyery man's door, architect's designs tacked to the wall, and on and lays for the owner around the corner a shelf were several books from the Inter with a club. The world is in sore need of national Correspondence School at Scranton, men who can do things. Indeed, eases can Pa. 'Is it possihle,' I asked Dr. Pray, the easily be recalled by everyone where Oppor prison doctor, 'is it possible that a convict is tunity actually smashed in the door and col taking a correspondence course in architec lared her candidate and dragged him forth to ture?' success. These cases are exceptional; usual II 'Not only that,' was the reply, 'but a ly you have to meet Opportunity half-way. good many of our men are .tudying hard to But the only way you can get away from better their m.ntal condition. This particu Opportunity is to lie dnwn and die. Oppor lar man has gotten be} ond the amateur stage. tunity does not trouble dead men, nor dead You see he has been working at this course ones whn flatter themselves that they are for three years. He draws plans for us and alive. is doing work for parties outside. ' "Let no man repine on account of lack of "Then we hunted up the man and found early advantages. Rare·ripes run away from him in the marble shop. He seemed pleased advantages-they cannot digest them. 'If I to know that I had ooticed his work. 'You had my say I would set all the young folks to see, . he said. 'I only work six hours a day work and send the old ones to school,' said for the state, and after that my time is my Socrates 42Q B. C. own and I try to improve it, there are no "What Socrates meant was that after you bowling alleys, pool rooms, nor saloons here have hattled a bit with actual life and begun -no place to go!' to feel your need for education. you are for "And he smiled. I tried to. hntcouldn't the first time ready to take advantage of my eyes were filled with tears. A convict your opportunities and learn. Education is a getting a practical education. and so many of matter of desire. An education cannot be us who think we are free fTlttenng away our imparted, it has to be won, and you win by time. working. And this fact, also, holds: The best .'If, in its anxiety to present itself, Oppor educated men are those who get their brain tunity will hreak into jail. surely those out development out of their daily work, or at side cannot complain of Opportunity's lack the time they are doing the work. Quitting of pe~isteDce in hunting out the ready and work in order to get an education was the willing... idea of a monk who fled from the world be cause he thought it was bad, an idea we have THERE is no hope for any ?~e. in .chilized happily outgrown. It take work.to get an America outside the pale of CIVlhzatIon. education, it takes work to use It. and It 10 CENTS ONEDOlLAR PERCOPY PE R YEAR Issued tlonthldiOm the Indian Print Shop Chi/oem Oklo DECEMBER. 1906 PE f5 CAMERA I TUSAYA Sketches of Hopi Life A OJIBWA COUNCIL FIRE COMMISSIONER'S REPORT For the Last Year Other Sketches and Service ews Atla!Jazine Printed biIndians