Women in Court: the Property Rights of Brides, Heiresses and Widows in Thirteenth- Century England

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Women in Court: the Property Rights of Brides, Heiresses and Widows in Thirteenth- Century England Women in Court: The Property Rights of Brides, Heiresses and Widows in Thirteenth- Century England Sheng-Yen Lu Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Institute of Historical Research, School of Advanced Study University of London September 2018 1 Declaration of Authorship I, Shengyen Lu, declare that the research presented in this thesis is entirely my own work carried out for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Institute of Historical Research and has not been submitted in any previous application for a higher degree. Signed: Date: 2 Abstract The research targets women in court – those who were frequently recorded in legal documents managing or protecting their property rights. The main concern is the change and development of the legal status and property rights of women, namely hereditas (inheritance), maritagium (marriage portion) and dos (dower) from the end of the twelfth century to the thirteenth century in England, and how they strove for their rights in court. While the thirteenth century is significant in England for the crucial development of the common law, the evolving common law also enacted a few prominent pieces of legislation which had huge impacts for women’s property rights. A number of important questions should be addressed at this point - How did women strive for their rights and what difficulties did they encounter in court? What strategies and claims did they and their representatives use in court in order to cope with the new regulations? Also, in a rather primitive age, what was the gap between the law and practice? While recent scholarship has paid more attention to medieval English women’s property rights, very few works compare the differences between inheritance, maritagium and dower and the dynamics between them in thirteenth-century England, which is the focus of this research. Through case studies, I will examine women’s experiences of pursuing their property rights in court in order to elucidate the effects which the legislation brought, and what difficulties they might have encountered in court. The research uses case studies of women’s experiences not merely covering noblewomen but also wider groups of women in society, and by looking at court cases I aim to create a more comprehensive picture of medieval women’s property rights. More importantly, despite the focus in this research on women, it is impossible to discuss women without either putting them into the context of family or involving their menfolk; therefore, the research will not only discuss women’s participation in court but also the reactions of and dynamics among their family members when it came to property rights. Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 consist of the introduction, and historiography methodology respectively. Chapter 3 will primarily examine heiresses. Unlike the male heir, who, according to custom, inherited the whole of the father’s inheritance (primogeniture), most daughters inherited by means of an equal division of the property. The equal division of inheritance between daughters makes the cooperation and conflict 3 between them worthy of discussion, and this will be one of the focuses of this chapter. Through examining the dynamics between co-heiresses and their family members, this chapter will also explore the difficulties heiresses encountered when claiming their inheritance. Chapter 4 discusses maritagium. This chapter will show that claiming a certain amount of land as maritagium was a strategy often used by both plaintiff and defendant. However, the strategy as such would be of more benefit to women in courts. Next, Claire de Trafford’s idea of ‘maritagium as women’s land’ will be challenged, since maritagia in most cases served as families’ property. This study suggests that, maritagium was easily disposed of during the marriage, rather than a woman being able to keep it intact for it to descend to her children; and the idea of ‘maritagium being women’s land’ could be misleading, because there was no social consciousness to suggest that maritagia should be passed on to women’s daughters as their maritagia. In Chapter 5 this study will reach the final stages of women’s lives – widowhood. Although the common law stipulated that widows were entitled to either a nominated dower, or one third of their late husbands’ property, claiming their dower in court, in fact, was a difficult task for widows to accomplish. These rights were reluctantly documented in law, thus offering no guarantee that they would be received, unconditionally, when they survived their husbands. This chapter will also show that dower was as much ‘family’s business’ as ‘women’s business’. The early development of jointure will be briefly examined as well because it not only concerned women’s dower. Finally, the rights of the most powerful group of women, widowed heiresses, will be looked at. Through case studies, I hope to offer a glimpse of how capable, influential, but vulnerable widowed heiresses could be. This study will conclude by comparing the property rights of heiresses, brides and widows. Dower might have been the only property that a woman could have sole control over, but the significance of inheritance and maritagium should not be underestimated. I shall clarify their position by exploring the differences and similarities between herediatas, maritagium and dos as the common law developed. 4 Acknowledgements This is where I am supposed to create a thesis-long list to express my gratitude and love to certain people; however, due to the limited space, I will simply appreciate those who were too important to be left out here. This thesis would not have been possible without Jane Winters, who supervised me, and has been incredibly supportive to my thesis from the very beginning to the end. Her kindness is a light in the dark, guiding me through all the challenges. Huge gratitude to Paul Brand, another supervisor, who gave me so much advice on the thesis, making me realize how interesting legal history is. To Jane and Paul, thank you for encouraging me when I was really depressed about this work last year, and being understanding all the time. They are, indeed, great supervisors. It is my true honour to work with them. Many thanks to Michael Clanchy, who, four years ago, referred me to Paul Brand, and also advised me a lot on the thesis. Also, I really appreciate all the help Tzung-Mou Wu, my supervisor in Taiwan’s Academia Sinica, gave me. As a jurist, he provided a fresh and different perspective from law for my thesis, from which I had great benefits. To May-shine Lin, thanks for triggering my interest in British history, and encouraging me all the way through this journey. Had it not been for her encouragement and help, I would not have reached this point. I owe everything to my parents, whose generosity and love allowed me to live in this expensive city for four years, and to pursue my dream. When I told my father that I wanted to proceed to a PhD after I graduated from the University of Edinburgh, he simply replied ‘we will support you as long as you are happy’. I am, truly, the luckiest girl. There was not a day that I didn’t miss them. To my IHR PhD fellows, Becca, Becki, Kathleen, and Charlie, the days we spent in that ‘only-to-be-used-by-us’ postgrad study room will stay as vividly as ever in my memory (that ‘self-indulgence at this time is helping the enemy’ poster is engraved on my mind). Also, enormous gratitude to Charlie, in particular, for dragging me out of my ‘little depression’ and tutoring me in palaeography. To all of my friends – Fan Chiang, Yusyuan, Alvin, Peggy, Vien, Claudia, Ievan, Drew, Jasmine, Ryan, Ling-Chieh, Ching-Wen – they are the comfort that I had in this hectic life in London. I am also hugely grateful to Michael Hunt, who proof-read my thesis, and made it much better than I can ever imagined. Liz, who also has been reading my work for four years, has always been there for me. The 22-year-old me made a right decision to befriend her, and this was probably the best decision I have ever made. A huge gratitude is due to my examiners, Prof. Louise Wilkinson and Prof. Alice Taylor, for giving me helpful advice during the viva. The last, but not the least, person to whom I owe my immense gratitude is Zhen-ping You, my boyfriend. Thank you for making this ‘17-hour-flight / 8-hour-between-us’ long-distant relationship possible, and turned his physical absence into something more than I could ask – whenever I need him, he is there. It is just like there is no distance between us at all. Without him, this journey would have never been the same. 5 Contents Abstract………………………………………………………………………………..3 Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………5 Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………...6 Abbreviations………………………………………………………………………….9 Chapter 1 Introduction…………………….................................................................10 1.1 Research topic……………………………………………………………………10 1.2 The classification of people and the categories of tenures in thirteenth-century England……………………………………………………………………….…..13 1.3 Being a woman in medieval England……………………………………….……14 1.4 Thirteenth-Century English women……………………………………………...17 1.5 Dower…………………………………………………………………………….20 1.6 Maritagium………………………………………………………………………………..21 1.7 Jointure…………………………………………………………………………...23 1.8 Women’s business or family business?..................................................................24 Chapter 2 Historiography and Methodology…………………………………………25 2.1.1 Historiography of medieval English women…………………………………25 2.1.2 Historiography
Recommended publications
  • Local Government Boundary Commission for England Report No
    Local Government Boundary Commission For England Report No. Principal Area Boundary Review Borough of Gravesham/Borough of Dartford/District of Sevenoaks LOCAL GOVEHNICWT BOUNDARY COMMISSION FOR ENGLAND HEK)hT NO. LOCAL GOVKRflUEJlT BOI'NJJAHY COMMISSION FOR CHAIRMAN Mr C J Ellerton CMC MB1C Mr J U Powell PRICE FGV* Lady Aoknur lir T Brockbank DI^ Professor G E Cherry Mr K J L Newell Me B Qcholee QBE THE RT. HON. PATRICK JENKIN MP SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT 1. At present the New Barn residential area is split between Dartford Borough, Sevenoaks District and Gravesham Borough; the part situated in Dartford is in the parish of ^outhfleet; the part in Sevenoaks is in the parish of Longfield, whilst the part in Gravesham is unparished. On 30 November 1979» Gravesham Borough Council requested ue to review the boundaries between the districts of Gravesham, Dartford and Sevenoaks in the vicinity of New Barn. Their request was in response to representations from the New Barn Ratepayers Association for the whole of the New Barn residential area to be incorporated within Gravesham Borough. The Association based their representations on a survey of opinion which they carried out in 1978 among the residents of New Barn on the question of whether the area should be under one authority, and if so, which one. The results indicated that a majority (8?#) of residents indicating a view preferred to see New Barn under one authority and a large proportion (6990 of these considered that this should be Gravesham. 2. We noted that Kent County Council, Dartford Borough Council, Sevenoaks District Council, and Longfield Parish Council were all opposed to a review beinp undertaken at that time, although Kent County Council and Dartford BOrough Council did a^ree that the current boundaries in the New Barn area were not wholly satisfactory.
    [Show full text]
  • Meopham Parish Council Annual Report 2015/2016
    MEOPHAM PARISH COUNCIL ANNUAL REPORT 2015/2016 Meopham Parish Council, The Windmill, Meopham Green, Wrotham Road, Meopham, Kent, DA13 0QA Tel: 01474 813779 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Website: www.meopham.org Twitter: @MeophamPC Facebook: Meopham Parish Council 1 CONTENTS Page Meopham Parish Councillors 3 Report by the Chairman of Council, Cllr Sheila Buchanan 4 – 5 Report by the Chairman of the Administration and Resources 6 – 7 Standing Committee – Cllr Doug Powell Report by the Chairman of the Environment and Amenities 8 – 10 Standing Committee – Cllr Sue Gofton Report by the Chairman of the Planning and Projects 11 – 13 Standing Committee – Cllr Jo McTavish List of Parish Representatives on Outside Bodies 14 Schedule of Full Council and Standing Committee Meetings 15 2014/2015 (120th Year) Schedule of Full Council and Standing Committee Meetings 16 2015/2016 (121st Year) Meopham Parish Council Budget 2015/16 17 Reports from representatives of: . Culverstone Community Centre 18 . Meopham Village Hall 19-20 . Harvel Village Hall 21 . Footpaths Wardens 22 . Meopham Welfare Committee 23 . Kent Police – Rural Neighbourhood Policing Team 24 . Kent Community Warden 25-26 2 MEOPHAM PARISH COUNCILLORS On 7th May 2015 elections took place to elect the Gravesham Member of Parliament, Borough Councillors and Parish Councillors. All three wards in the parish were contested and the following parish Councillors were elected to represent the respective wards. Nurstead and Hook Green Ward. Cllr Gofton, Cllr Knott, Cllr
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide to Parish Registers the Kent History and Library Centre
    A Guide to Parish Registers The Kent History and Library Centre Introduction This handlist includes details of original parish registers, bishops' transcripts and transcripts held at the Kent History and Library Centre and Canterbury Cathedral Archives. There is also a guide to the location of the original registers held at Medway Archives and Local Studies Centre and four other repositories holding registers for parishes that were formerly in Kent. This Guide lists parish names in alphabetical order and indicates where parish registers, bishops' transcripts and transcripts are held. Parish Registers The guide gives details of the christening, marriage and burial registers received to date. Full details of the individual registers will be found in the parish catalogues in the search room and community history area. The majority of these registers are available to view on microfilm. Many of the parish registers for the Canterbury diocese are now available on www.findmypast.co.uk access to which is free in all Kent libraries. Bishops’ Transcripts This Guide gives details of the Bishops’ Transcripts received to date. Full details of the individual registers will be found in the parish handlist in the search room and Community History area. The Bishops Transcripts for both Rochester and Canterbury diocese are held at the Kent History and Library Centre. Transcripts There is a separate guide to the transcripts available at the Kent History and Library Centre. These are mainly modern copies of register entries that have been donated to the
    [Show full text]
  • A MEDIEVAL BOOK and EARLY-MODERN LAW: BRACTON's AUTHORITY and APPLICATION in the COMMON LAW C.1550-1640 Ian Williams*, 
    Williams, A Medieval Book A MEDIEVAL BOOK AND EARLY-MODERN LAW: BRACTON'S AUTHORITY AND APPLICATION IN THE COMMON LAW c.1550-1640 Ian Williams*, The thirteenth-century book known as Bracton was first printed in 1569, fifteen years after Glanvill and three decades after Britton1. Despite its relatively late arrival into the list of printed common law books, of all the older common-law books it is Bracton which has tended to occupy the interest of historians. In no small part, this is due to Edward Coke’s later use of Bracton in disputes with James I2. However, much less interest is shown in Bracton’s use in early-modern England more generally, certainly compared to Bracton’s use as a source for thirteenth century law3. This article seeks to correct that imbalance by showing that Bracton was an important source for some early-modern common lawyers, particularly in certain fields. There were a number of impediments to the use of Bracton in the early-modern common law which may have inhibited its reception. The most recent work has suggested that Bracton’s popularity in early-modern England stemmed from Coke’s popularisation of the book by his references to it in his Reports4. In fact, some of the impediments to Bracton’s use were overcome, or overlooked, in the sixteenth and early-seventeenth centuries. Bracton came to have an assured place in the common-law canon even before Coke’s use of the text, although it never became a standard reference work. * Lecturer, University College London; Faculty of Laws, Bentham House, Endsleigh Gardens, London WC1H 0EG, UK; [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Dethick, Lea and Holloway Neighbourhood Plan
    Dethick, Lea and Holloway Parish Neighbourhood Plan 2019-2034 Submission Dethick, Lea and Holloway Neighbourhood Plan 2019-2034 Produced by Dethick, Lea and Holloway Neighbourhood Plan Steering Group on behalf of Dethick, Lea and Holloway Parish Council, residents 13/09/2019 1 Dethick, Lea and Holloway Neighbourhood Plan 2019-2034 Contents Common Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................. 4 1 Foreword ................................................................................................................................... 5 2 The Dethick, Lea and Holloway Neighbourhood Plan .................................................................. 6 3 The need for a Neighbourhood Plan ........................................................................................... 8 4 Consultation............................................................................................................................... 9 5 Status of Projects and Actions .................................................................................................. 10 6 Dethick, Lea and Holloway ....................................................................................................... 10 7 Dethick, Lea and Holloway Today: Challenges and Opportunities ............................................. 43 8 Community Vision .................................................................................................................... 44 9 Community
    [Show full text]
  • Tyne and Wear: Metro 40 Years On
    THE INTERNATIONAL LIGHT RAIL MAGAZINE www.lrta.org www.tautonline.com OCTOBER 2020 NO. 994 TYNE AND WEAR: METRO 40 YEARS ON 1980-2020: How the UK pioneer is still breaking new ground VDV Tram-Train tender for 504 LRVs Los Angeles accelerates LRT expansion Phuket light rail delayed until 2026 What does it cost? Rail masterclass £4.60 Pitfalls in preparing Contrasting renewal LRT business cases and repair methods Pre Metro Operations provides rail-based solutions. And we’ve got a proven track record. Our award-winning operation in Stourbridge has industry-leading reliability and future-proof green credentials, so you can breathe easily. We integrate seamlessly with other modes - and you can depend on us to be there. Our light rail model can link into new business and residential developments, connecting people with places easily. Breathing new life into old rail lines can provide new exciting links for congestion-free, hassle-free journeys. Integrated smart-ticketing for simple hopping between modes. No parking worries. Less emissions. A green future for us all. premetro.co.uk [email protected] Say hello and we'll have a chat about how we can bring our cost-effective experience and vision to your area. 01384 441325 THE INTERNATIONAL LIGHT RAIL MAGAZINE Nottingham Operating in SYSTEMS a competitive transport network, the Nottingham UNITED KINGDOM www.lrta.org FACTFILE Express Transit tram www.tautonline.com system has attracted No. Nottingham, significant local support for further 2020 N O. 994 United Kingdom Nottingham OCTOBER 156 expansion. SUB SCRIBE NOW! TYNE AND WEAR: METRO 40 YEARS ON Now in its 83rd year, Tramways & Urban Transit is he East Midlands city Totalling 14.4km (nine miles), the of Nottingham (UK) is The expanded the world’s leading monthly publication dedicated solely to route greatly relied upon access to on Radford Road, is the longer of located around 200km NET system added two sections where NET follows the heavy rail alignments.
    [Show full text]
  • Sir Edward Coke and the Elizabethan Origins of Judicial Review Allen Dillard Boyer
    Boston College Law Review Volume 39 Article 2 Issue 1 Number 1 12-1-1998 "Understanding,Authority, and Will": Sir Edward Coke and the Elizabethan Origins of Judicial Review Allen Dillard Boyer Follow this and additional works at: http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/bclr Part of the Legal History Commons Recommended Citation Allen D. Boyer, "Understanding,Authority, and Will": Sir Edward Coke and the Elizabethan Origins of Judicial Review, 39 B.C.L. Rev. 43 (1998), http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/bclr/vol39/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Boston College Law Review by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. For more information, please contact [email protected]. "UNDERSTANDING, AUTHORITY, AND WILL": SIR EDWARD COKE AND THE ELIZABETHAN ORIGINS OF JUDICIAL REVIEW ALLEN DILLARD BOYER * Bacon and Shakespeare: what they were to philosophy and litera ture, Coke was to the common law. • J.H. Baker I. INTRODUCTION Of all important jurisprudents, Sir Edward Coke is the most infu- riatingly conventional. Despite the drama which often attended his career—his cross-examination of Sir Walter Raleigh, his role in uncov- ering the Gunpowder Plot, his bitter rivalry with Sir Francis Bacon and his explosive face-to-face confrontations with King James I—Coke's work presents a studied calm.' Coke explains rather than critiques. He describes and justifies existing legal rules rather than working out how the law provides rules for making rules.
    [Show full text]
  • Trust and Fiduciary Duty in the Early Common Law
    TRUST AND FIDUCIARY DUTY IN THE EARLY COMMON LAW DAVID J. SEIPP∗ INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1011 I. RIGOR OF THE COMMON LAW ........................................................... 1012 II. THE MEDIEVAL USE .......................................................................... 1014 III. ENFORCEMENT OF USES OUTSIDE THE COMMON LAW ..................... 1016 IV. ATTENTION TO USES IN THE COMMON LAW ..................................... 1018 V. COMMON LAW JUDGES AND LAWYERS IN CHANCERY ...................... 1022 VI. FINDING TRUST IN THE EARLY COMMON LAW ................................. 1024 VII. THE ATTACK ON USES ....................................................................... 1028 VIII. FINDING FIDUCIARY DUTIES IN THE EARLY COMMON LAW ............. 1034 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................. 1036 INTRODUCTION Trust is an expectation that others will act in one’s own interest. Trust also has a specialized meaning in Anglo-American law, denoting an arrangement by which land or other property is managed by one party, a trustee, on behalf of another party, a beneficiary.1 Fiduciary duties are duties enforced by law and imposed on persons in certain relationships requiring them to act entirely in the interest of another, a beneficiary, and not in their own interest.2 This Essay is about the role that trust and fiduciary duty played in our legal system five centuries ago and more.
    [Show full text]
  • Meopham Mercury Autumn Edition 2019
    Meopham Mercury The Meopham Parish Council Newsletter No.17 Autumn 2019 COMMUNITY LITTER PICK Public Meeting In Meopham – COME AND JOIN US! On the proposed changes to local NHS urgent care Come and join the litter services pick on Saturday 26th October 2019. Meet outside the Windmill at The Parish Council has organised a 10am and collect your meeting for you to find out more about the high visibility jacket, above proposed changes. This will be rubbish bags/holders and on: pickers. We would ask all parishioners to take more responsibility with their litter. Thursday 31st October 2019 at 8.15pm Don’t drop it in the first place and if at Meopham Village Hall possible, take a bag with you to collect rubbish etc whilst out and about. A big Dr Sarah MacDermott, GP at Meopham thank you to all those residents who do Medical Centre and Chairman of the take their litter home and especially to Clinical Commissioning Group, is to those who regularly carry out litter picks speak on the proposed changes. in the parish. Your efforts have been noted! Lower Thames Crossing Public Consultation about the Highways England have now published proposed changes to urgent an update on their latest plans and the care services in Dartford, responses that they received during the Gravesham and Swanley ten week statutory consultation held at the end of 2018. Please visit https://highwaysengland.co.uk/lower- A new Urgent Treatment Centre (UTC) is thames-crossing-project-update-summer- being proposed at either Gravesham 2019/ for further details. Community Hospital or Darent Valley Hospital by Autumn 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • The Selected Writings of Sir Edward Coke Edward Coke the Selected Writings and Speeches of Sir Edward Coke 
    the selected writings of sir edward coke edward coke the selected writings and speeches of Sir Edward Coke Volume One edited by steve sheppard liberty fund indianapolis, indiana This book is published by Liberty Fund, Inc., a foundation established to encourage study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals. The cuneiform inscription that serves as our logo and as the design motif for our endpapers is the earliest-known written appearance of the word “freedom” (amagi), or “liberty.” It is taken from a clay document written about 2300 b.c. in the Sumerian city-state of Lagash. ᭧ 2003 Liberty Fund, Inc. Frontispiece and cover art: volume I: Reproduced courtesy of the Right Honourable the Earl of Leicester and the Holkham Estate. volume II: Collection of the Editor. volume III: Corbis-Bettmann. 08 07 06 05 04 03 p 54321 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Coke, Edward, Sir, 1552–1634. [Selections. 2003] The selected writings and speeches of Sir Edward Coke edited by Steve Sheppard. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 0-86597-313-x (pbk.: alk. paper) 1. Law—England. I. Sheppard, Steve, 1963– II. Title. kd358.c65 2003 349.42Ј092—dc22 2003061935 ISBNs: 0-86597-313-x volume I 0-86597-314-8 volume II 0-86597-441-1 volume III 0-86597-316-4 set Liberty Fund, Inc. 8335 Allison Pointe Trail, Suite 300 Indianapolis, Indiana 46250-1684 Summary of Contents Annotated Table of Contents vii Acknowledgments and Dedicatory xvii A Note on the Texts, Editions, and Translations xix Introduction xxiii Chronology of Events Material to the Life, Times, Writings, and Legacy of Sir Edward Coke from the Death of Henry VIII to the Opinion in Marbury v.
    [Show full text]
  • November - 30 November 2016
    DELEGATED GRAVESHAM BOROUGH COUNCIL Report to: REGULATORY BOARD Date: 1 November - 30 November 2016 Reporting Officer: INTERIM DEVELOPMENT MANAGER Subject: DELEGATED APPLICATIONS SCHEDULE OF PLANNING APPLICATIONS DETERMINED BY Synopsis: DELEGATED POWERS AND WITHDRAWALS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ APPLICATION/DESCRIPTION/DATE REGISTERED AS VALID/DECISION Application Ref No . 20160423 Date Valid 26 September 2016 Decision Application Permitted Decision Date 23 November 2016 Site Address 39 The Street Cobham Gravesend Kent DA12 3BX Description Application for Listed Building Consent to repoint front elevation and chimney breast, removing cement mortar and replacing with NHL 3.5 @ gauge 1 lime 3 sand with a square faced pointing finish. Replace a small number of damaged bricks with identical reclaimed bricks. Public Access Link https://plan.gravesham.gov.uk/online- applications/applicationDetails.do?activeTab=summary&keyVal=O6BY1OHPHOW00 Application Ref No . 20160427 Date Valid 29 April 2016 Decision Application Permitted Decision Date 17 November 2016 Site Address 24 Queen Street Gravesend Kent Description Erection of a first floor rear extension and change of use and conversion of the first floor to 4no. one DELEGATED bedroom and 3no. two bedroom self-contained flats. Public Access Link https://plan.gravesham.gov.uk/online- applications/applicationDetails.do?activeTab=summary&keyVal=O6DSPKHPHP400 Application Ref No . 20160511 Date Valid 7 June 2016 Decision Application Refused Decision Date
    [Show full text]
  • Visitor-Guide-2018-Web.Pdf
    VISITOR GUIDE 2018/19 Discover Kent’s Hidden Gem GRAVESEND www.visitgravesend.co.uk Visitor Guide 2015/16 Visit our website Join us on www.visitgravesend.co.uk facebook.com/visitgravesend Find further information about the area, events listings, online accommodation booking on our tourism website. twitter.com/visit_gravesend we are here! Acknowledgments Want to feature Details and information contained in your business with this visitor guide have been supplied by accommodation providers, attraction Visit Gravesend? managers and other hospitality businesses. If you’ve liked our guide and Please note that Visit Gravesend cannot are interested in taking a accept responsibility for any errors, space in next year’s brochure, omissions or subsequent alterations. please get in touch with We hope you will enjoy your stay, visits to the us. Spaces are available to local attractions, and events in the Borough. accommodation providers, But if you are not satisfied, please take up the visitor attractions, event matter with the manager immediately so they organisers, and any other have the opportunity to address the problem. hospitality businesses. 36Telephone:www.gogravesham.comwww.visitgravesend.co.uk 01474 33 76 00 Email: [email protected] Visitor Guide 2018/19 Welcome to GRAVESEND Guide 2018/19 Gravesham has been welcoming The borough has two leisure centres, visitors for centuries and today remains Cascades and Cygnet, which provide a well-connected place for the tourist great sports facilities for all the family. and those on business. The high speed In addition, Cyclopark is a world class rail link has brought Gravesend closer BMX and cycling facility worth a visit.
    [Show full text]