DOCSLIB.ORG

Thesis Marko Begović Final Proofread Sređeno MB

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Thesis Marko Begović Final Proofread Sređeno MB Aus dem Institut für Sportgeschichte der Deutschen Sporthochschule Köln Leiter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Stephan Wassong Institutional position of athletes within Montenegro’s Sport Movement Von der Deutschen Sporthochschule Köln zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Sportwissenschaft genehmigte Dissertation vorgelegt von Marko Begović aus Podgorica, Montenegro Köln, 2019 Aus dem Institut für Sportgeschichte der Deutschen Sporthochschule Köln Leiter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Stephan Wassong Institutional position of athletes within Montenegro’s Sport Movement Von der Deutschen Sporthochschule Köln zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Sportwissenschaft genehmigte Dissertation vorgelegt von Marko Begović aus Podgorica, Montenegro i Köln, 2019 Erste Referent: Herr Univ.-Prof. Dr. Stephan Wassong Institut für Sportgeschichte Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln Zweiter Referent: Herr Univ.-Prof. Dr. Jens Flatau Institut für Sportwissenschaft Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Vorsitzender des Prüfungsausschusses: Herr Univ.-Prof. Dr. Mario Thevis Zentrum für Präventive Dopingforschung Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: Eidesstattliche Versicherung gemäß § 7 Absatz 2. Nr. 4 und 5 der Promotionsordnung der Deutschen Sporthochschule Köln vom 17.05.2011: Hierdurch versichere ich: Ich habe diese Arbeit selbstständig und nur unter Benutzung der angegebenen Quellen und technischen Hilfen angefertigt; sie hat noch keiner anderen Stelle zur Prüfung vorgelegen. Wörtlich übernommene Textstellen, auch Einzelsätze oder Teile davon, sind als Zitate kenntlich gemacht worden. Hierdurch erkläre ich, dass ich die „Leitlinien guter wissenschaftlicher Praxis“ der Deutschen Sporthochschule Köln eingehalten habe. Marko Begović Köln, 2019 ii Acknowledgments I would like to recognize and express my gratitude to all those who have helped me with this process. To all who provoked and challenged me throughout my studies, to all who supported me when I most needed it, and to all who encouraged me to stay on this path. I would like to address special gratitude to my mentor, Uni.-Prof. Dr Stephan Wassong for his time, encouragement, effort, constructive suggestions, overall unlimited support. My sincere thanks go to PhD. PhD. Carole Oglesby, who inspired me from the day that we met, challenging my ideas/approach in an extraordinary and humble manner. In technical terms, my work would not be possible without, my fellow coworkers and Mr Edward Đorđević who conducted an excellent job editing and proofreading my thesis. To my family, my sister Milica and her daughters Zoi and Helena, mother Željka, father Mijodrag, girlfriend Branka and son Dušan Marko – without your understanding, support and above all, unconditional love, I would not have been able to conclude this chapter of my life. I learnt a lot from the young ones – Helena and Dušan Marko – who, from their early life, showed me that giving up is not an option. Last but not least, special gratitude goes to the participants, my fellow athletes, my countrywomen and countrymen who gave me their time, insights, shared their life stories and challenges faced in the current arrangements. My work is dedicated to you, as I am fully aware of both institutional and personal challenges that you continuously face. I believe that your effort, dedication and love for sport will be acknowledged, and you will be the future leaders of Montenegro’s Sport Movement. iii Glossary Erga omnes in relation to all Homo homini lupus est a man is a wolf to another man Hostis humani generis the enemy of mankind Iure imperii exercising state authority Ius cogens imperative norm ius gentium concept of international law based on the customs or traditions Lex generalis general legislation Lex mercatoria internationally accepted general trade practices Lex specialis law governing a specific subject matter Numerus clausus limited or defined number Pacta sunt servanda legal principle which presuppose that agreements must be kept Raison d’état national interest or state interest Terra incognita refereeing to unknown territory/field Universitas personam association of individuals (refereeing to natural entities) Universitas rerum association of organizations (refereeing to legal entities) iv Abstract There is an overall subjective consensus on the dimension, scope and importance of sport. As a vital ingredient, sport plays a crucial role in strengthening contemporary Montenegrin identity. However, research unveils a rather limited theoretical framework. The question whether sport in an organizational sense represents all its constituents or stakeholders, whether it fulfills the major prerequisite, that is, its democratic, representative capacities is not on the academic agenda. The aim of this research was to determine the institutional position of athletes within Montenegro’s Sport Movement. The results indicate that current normative settings, or legal frameworks and organizational structures are incapable to tackle all the challenges before the major constituent of the sport – athletes. Due to the heterogeneity of sport systems and the fact that there is no single model of governance, the present methodology combined both sociological and judicial approaches to form a synthesized method. It confirms that athletes are not only misrepresented, but in the most cases athletes are institutionally unable to be directly represented or even exercise basic rights. The results of the literature review showed rather heterogeneous treatments, challenges and solutions. This approach, and the results, represent a supplement to the existing knowledge in terms of regional, historical, cultural and organizational specificities. v Zusammenfassung Es existiert ein genereller subjektiver Konsens über die Dimension, den Rahmen und die Bedeutung von Sport. Als integraler Bestandteil spielt Sport eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Stärkung der zeitgenössischen montenegrinischen Identität. Die Forschung dazu enthüllt allerdings eine vergleichsweise limitierte theoretische Fundierung. Die Frage, ob Sport in einem organisationalen Sinn all seine Bestandteile und Stakeholder repräsentiert und ob er seine zentrale Grundvoraussetzung - also seine demokratische und repräsentative Kapazität - erfüllt, ist nicht Teil der akademischen Agenda. Das Ziel dieser Forschungsarbeit war es, die institutionelle Position der Athleten innerhalb Montenegros Sport-Bewegung zu determinieren. Die Resultate deuten darauf hin, dass die gegenwärtigen normativen Rahmenbedingungen oder legalen Richtlinien und organisationalen Strukturen nicht in der Lage sind, all diejenigen Herausforderungen zu lösen, denen sich die zentralen Akteure des Sports - die Athleten - gegenübersehen. Aufgrund der Heterogenität der Sportsystems und der Tatsache, dass ein singuläres Governance- Modell nicht existiert, kombiniert die hier angewandte Methodologie sowohl soziologische als auch juristische Ansätze, um eine synthetisierte Methode zu bilden. Diese bestätigt, dass Athleten nicht nur missrepräsentiert, sondern in den meisten Fällen garnicht erst in der Lage sind, direkt repräsentiert zu sein oder überhaupt elementare Grundrechte wahrzunehmen. Das Ergebnis der Literaturschau zeigte recht vielfältige Gegenmaßnahmen, Herausforderungen und Lösungen. Der hier gewählte Ansatz und seine Resultate bilden eine Ergänzung zum existierenden Kenntnisstand im Hinblick auf regionale, historische, kulturelle und organisationale Spezifika. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments......................................................................................................................... iii Glossary .......................................................................................................................................... iv Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... v List of Tables................................................................................................................................... x List of Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... xi Chapter One: Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1 Cultural pattern ........................................................................................................................ 2 Scope of action ......................................................................................................................... 4 Chapter Two: Theoretical Framework ........................................................................................ 7 Democratic attitude .................................................................................................................. 7 Prerequisite for proper governance structure ........................................................................... 9 Process constituents ............................................................................................................... 13 Direct versus indirect processes ............................................................................................. 14 Relationships and membership within organizations: power structure issue ........................ 16 Ownership: rights and implications ....................................................................................... 21 Negotiated vs. imposed norms ..............................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Adopted at the 43 Meeting of the Monitoring Group of the Anti-Doping
    MONITORING GROUP (T -DO) ANTI -DOPING CONVENTION Strasbourg, 12 November 2015 T-DO (2015) 03 Anti-Doping Convention (T-DO) Project on Compliance with Commitments Respect by Montenegro of the Anti-Doping Convention Auto-Evaluation Report by Montenegro Report of the Evaluation Team Comments by the Montenegrin Authorities FINAL Adopted at the 43 rd meeting of the Monitoring Group of the Anti-doping Convention T-DO (2015) 03 Contents Preface 3 Part A: Auto-Evaluation report by Montenegro 4 Part B: Report of the Evaluation Team 5 Introduction 5 Article 1 - Aim of the Convention 5 Article 2 - Definition and scope of the Convention 6 Article 4 - Measures to restrict the availability and use of banned doping agents and methods 11 Article 5 - Laboratories 15 Article 6 - Education 16 Article 7 - Co-operation with sports organisations on measures to be taken by them 19 Article 8 - International co-operation 25 Article 9 - Provision of information 26 General conclusions 27 Summary of Recommendations (in order of priority) 28 Appendices 29 1. Programme of the Visit 29 2. Composition of the Evaluation Team 30 3. Acknowledgments 31 Part C. Comments by the Montenegrin authorities 32 2 T-DO (2015) 03 Preface The Compliance with Commitments project was developed in 1997 by the Steering Committee for the Development for Sport (CDDS) with the main aim to help participating countries to determine how the European Sports Charter , the Anti-Doping Convention and the European Convention on Spectator Violence and Misbehaviour at Sports Events and in particular at Football Matches are applied in their countries.
    [Show full text]
  • 17. SMJ October 2018 Maros.Indd
    DOI 10.26773/smj.181017 ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER A Content Analysis of Published Articles in Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine from 2012 to 2018 Miomir Maros1 1University of Montenegro, Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, Niksic, Montenegro Abstract Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine (MJSSM) is a scientifi c journal that exists for fi ve years and has so far released 75 scientifi c papers in 12 editions. The papers are from various fi elds of sports science - biomechan- ics, physiology, sports medicine, anthropology, methodology and other areas of sports. In this paper, we classifi ed works by fi elds, method of address analysis and found that the most numerous works from the physiology of sports, which are the most cited and best quoted in scientifi c databases. We have also established that the published works had themes - the most up-to-date tendencies in sports science. These research can be useful for further theoretical research, as well as for theoreticians. The authors of the works are researchers from all over the world, as well as the editorial board. The MJSSM includes works from exact disciplines, primarily physiology of sports, as well as from so- cial sciences, thus achieving a synergistic eff ect. The highly cited topics in the fi eld of physiology of sports are raised by the work of social sciences. These topics when they fi nd themselves in the magazine with a social label increase their own visibility. Key words: science, journal, sport, medicine, Montenegro Introduction In 2015, Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Sixth year of publication of the Montenegrin Journal of Medicine entered the Web of Science and in 2016 the Scopus, Sports Science and Medicine (MJSSM) was marked by the 1st and since then we have no problems because now there is a edition of the 7th volume, which is in summary the 12th edi- much greater interest than there is a space, so now we are tion of this scientifi c journal.
    [Show full text]
  • Decree on the Promulgation of the Law on Sports
    DECREE ON THE PROMULGATION OF THE LAW ON SPORTS (Official Gazette of Montenegro 36/11 dated 27 July 2011, 36/13 dated 26 July 2013) I hereby promulgate the Law on Sports, which was enacted by the Parliament of Montenegro in its 24th convocation, at the tenth session of the first regular (spring) sitting in 2011, on 12 July 2011. No: 01-910/2 Podgorica, 20 July 2011 President of Montenegro Filip Vujanović, signed personally Pursuant to Article 82 paragraph 1 item 2 and Article 92 paragraph 1 of the Constitution of Montenegro, the Parliament of Montenegro in its 24th convocation, at the tenth session of the first regular (spring) sitting in 2011, on 12 July 2011, enacted the LAW ON SPORTS I. GENERAL PROVISIONS Concept Article 1 Sport shall mean an organized physical or other activity, i.e. activity carried out according to established rules with the aim of preserving, improving and developing psychophysical abilities and competencies related to sports, satisfying the needs for movement and play, sportive expression and creativity, and achievement of results in sports at all levels. Definition of Sport Article 2 Sport is an activity of public interest, which comprises in particular: 1) training for performing sport activities; 2) organizing and conducting sport preparations, i.e. training; 3) participation in sporting competitions; 4) organizing sporting events; 5) organizing and implementing sporting recreation. Sporting activities include as well extra-curricular school and university sport activities. Sporting activities are performed by sport entities in accordance with this law and sport rules. Sport Principles Article 3 Sport is based on principles of free will, partnership, affinity, ability, professional work and scientific knowledge.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Dark Commemorative and Sport Events in Peaceful Coexsitence in the Western Balkans
    Journal of Sustainable Tourism ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rsus20 The role of dark commemorative and sport events in peaceful coexsitence in the Western Balkans Metod Šuligoj & James Kennell To cite this article: Metod Šuligoj & James Kennell (2021): The role of dark commemorative and sport events in peaceful coexsitence in the Western Balkans, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2021.1938090 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1938090 © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Published online: 21 Jun 2021. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rsus20 JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1938090 The role of dark commemorative and sport events in peaceful coexsitence in the Western Balkans Metod Suligoj a and James Kennellb aFaculty of Tourism Studies – Turistica, University of Primorska, Portoroz/Portorose, Slovenia; bFaculty of Business, Department of Marketing, Events and Tourism, University of Greenwich, London, UK ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY In order to analyse the ways in which problematic ethno-national Received 14 September 2020 behaviour at dark events in the Western Balkans undermines the transi- Accepted 29 May 2021 tion from conflict, to post conflict and then peaceful societies, this KEYWORDS research employed a sociological discourse analysis to critique the role Dark events; sport events; dark events play in post-conflict tourism development and peaceful sustainable tourism; coexistence.
    [Show full text]
  • Risks of Corruption in Montenegrin Sports
    Risks Of Corruption In Montenegrin Sports December 2012 SUMMARY INTRODUCTION Fight against corruption in Montenegrin Harmful effects of corruption in sports are two- sports is underdeveloped and implemen- tation of the existing anti-corruption mea- is the danger of irrational and illegal waste of publicfold. Apart resources, from the emergence financial ofaspect, corruption and that in susceptibility to corruption, especially in sports, given its popularity and public interest sures is inefficient. This results in a greater, con- for its promotion, can have a negative impact struction of sports facilities and potential the sports organizations co-financing on the whole society. match-fixing. from the local budgets is especially un- onlyAt international recently started level, having the issues a more of comprehen integrity in- The sports organizations co-financing sports and fight against corruption in the field, local governments should provide public withtransparent an insight and into worrying. a precise Therefore, amount allof sive treatment. In the European Union1 (EU), the- first step in that direction was the adoption of- sport organizations, and into the criteria rarythe White sports Paper in the on member Sport in states, 2007. among This docuthem money, allocated for the co-financing of ment recognized key threats to the contempo Construction and re-construction of sports upon which that money was allocated. being corruption and money laundering. The facilities is another area susceptible to aimedEU, based at increasing on previously integrity conducted in sports analyses, - the ef- the misuse of public interest, given the undertook the whole range of other activities strategic orientation of the Government to increasingly employ the concept of Public- activityforts of Europeanin a row Council to adopt conclusions Private Partnership (PPP) in important on match-fixing in2 late 2012 being the last such .
    [Show full text]
  • Directives Des Commissions D'athletes De
    IOC GUIDELINES RELATED TO THE CREATION OF AN NOC ATHLETES’ COMMISSION Pursuant to the recommendation of the IOC 2000 Reform Commission that “athletes should be well represented at all levels of the sports movement: IOC, IFs, NOCs and NFs” and the Basic Universal Principles of Good Governance of the Olympic and Sports Movement, and in view of Rules 2.7 and 28.1.3 of the Olympic Charter, an Athletes’ Commission should be established by, and within, each National Olympic Committee (“NOC”). The IOC’s mission is to place athletes at the heart of the Olympic Movement, and the Olympic Agenda 2020 recommendations and the IOC Athletes’ Commission Strategy further support the importance of having effective Athletes’ Commissions. In an effort to assist NOCs, the IOC has prepared these Guidelines, which are intended to serve as minimum standards for NOCs when establishing the terms of reference of their Athletes’ Commissions. 1. MISSION The mission of an NOC Athletes’ Commission (hereafter “Commission”) is to represent the views of the athletes and make their voice heard within the NOC. 2. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the Commission are to: a. Consider issues related to athletes and provide advice to the NOC; b. Engage actively with initiatives and projects that protect and support clean athletes on and off the field of play; c. Represent the rights and interests of athletes and make related recommendations, including recommending arbitrators to be appointed to the International Council of Arbitration for Sport (ICAS); and d. Maintain contact with the IOC Athletes’ Commission. 3. COMPOSITION OF THE COMMISSION a.
    [Show full text]
  • Programme of the IOC Executive Board Meeting in Lausanne, 18 to 20 July 2018
    Programme of the IOC Executive Board meeting in Lausanne, 18 to 20 July 2018 Wednesday 18 July Time Meetings/Events Place 8.50 a.m. Photo opportunity for media (photographers & cameramen Lausanne Palace only) Interested media are requested to gather in the lobby beforehand. 9 a.m. – 1 p.m. Lausanne Palace IOC Executive Board meeting • Programme of meetings • IOC President’s report • Good Governance o Audit o Finance Reports on the activities of the Coordination Commissions and the OCOGs: • Paris 2024 – Report by phone from the Chair of the Coordination Commission, Mr Beckers • Olympic Winter Games 2026 2 – 6 p.m. Lausanne Palace IOC Executive Board meeting • Olympic Programme o Paris 2024 o Beijing 2022 • Tokyo 2020 – Report by the Organising Committee by videoconference and by the Chair of the Coordination Commission, Mr Coates • Beijing 2022 – Report by the Chair of the Coordination Commission, Mr Samaranch • Buenos Aires 2018 – Report by the Organising Committee by videoconference and by the Chair of the Coordination Commission, presented by Mr Dubi • Lausanne 2020 – Report by the Chair of the Coordination Commission, presented by Mr Dubi • Olympic Games – YOG 2022 6.30 p.m. Press briefing with the IOC Spokesperson, Mark Adams Lausanne Palace Château de Vidy, 1007 Lausanne, Switzerland | Tel +41 21 621 6111 | Fax +41 21 621 6356 | www.olympic.org Thursday 19 July Time Meetings/Events Place 8.50 a.m. Photo opportunity for media (photographers & cameramen Lausanne Palace only) Interested media are requested to gather in the lobby beforehand. 9 a.m. – 12 Lausanne Palace p.m. IOC Executive Board meeting • Summer International Federations report • Winter International Federations report • National Olympic Committees report • Athletes report • Anti-doping report o WADA o ITA o CAS 2.30 – 6 p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • JASPE 09.Indb
    ISSN 2536-569X | eISSN 2536-5703 2019 BER www.jaspe.ac.me O CT O .4 O .3 N L O V ISSN 2536-569X OCTOBER 2019 VOL.3 NO.4 Editor-in-Chief Bojan Masanovic | University of Montenegro, Montenegro Section Editors Radenko Matic (Cultural Anthropology) | University of Novi Sad, Serbia Kubilay Ocal (Global Anthropology) | Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Turkey Dusan Stupar (Biological Anthropology) | Educons University, Serbia Tatjana Jovovic (Linguistic Anthropology) | University of Montenegro, Montenegro Nina Djukanovic (Medical Anthropology) | University of Belgrade, Serbia Editorial Board Fitim Arifi University of Tetova, North Macedonia Hassan Sedeghi | University Putra Malayisa, Malaysia Ivana Cerkez Zovko | University of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina Izet Bajramovic | University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Juel Jarani | Sports university of Tirana, Albania Luiz Fernando Rojo | Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil Marin Corluka | University of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina Marko Aleksandrovic | University of Nis, Serbia Sami Sermaxhaj | Universi College, Kosovo Stefan Seman | University of Belgrade, Serbia Taher Afsharnezhad | Shomal University, Iran Tonci Bavcevic | University of Split, Croatia Index Coverage DOAJ; Index Copernicus; Google Scholar; Crossref; ROAD Proofreading Service Kristina Perovic Mijatovic Prepress Zeljko Pekic Print Art Grafika | Nikšić Print run 1500 CIP – Kaталогизација у публикацији Национална библиотека Црне Горе, Цетиње ISSN 2536-569X COBISS.CG-ID 33826832 ISSN 2536-569X............................................................................................................eISSN
    [Show full text]
  • Al Attiyah Reigns Supreme in Morocco the PENINSULA Bed Crossings and Everything That of Morocco
    SPORT Wednesday 10 October 2018 PAGE | 28 PAGE | 31 Muguruza Saha backs to focus on Mourinho, rescuing season chastises Pogba Al Attiyah reigns supreme in Morocco THE PENINSULA bed crossings and everything that of Morocco. I’m so happy with navigator Alexandre Winocq the team needed to shake down our performance here and our down the order. FES, MOROCCO: Qatar’s Nasser its fleet of Toyota Hiluxes before new car has been really strong Ten Brinke teamed up with Adel clinches Saleh Al Attiyah stayed clear of January’s Peruvian challenge. all week.” Frenchman Xavier Panseri for problems through the final stage The success marked a hat-trick The French crew of Ronan the first time and started strongly. to claim his fifth successive of wins for Al-Attiyah with the Chabot and Gilles Pillot produced Small navigational errors and a third place in T2 victory in the gruelling Rally of Toyota. one of their best ever perform- light roll hampered their progress Morocco and give Overdrive Al Attiyah and his French ances to seal an impressive fifth and the Dutchman reached the Racing and the Toyota Gazoo navigator Matthieu Baumel dom- overall in the second of the Over- finish in Fes in sixth place after Racing South Africa Team a inated the race from the start and drive Racing Toyotas. passing Jean-Pascal Besson on major boost as preparations overcame their fair share of It was an action-packed the last stage. Qatar’s Adel Abdulla continue for the 2019 Dakar minor problems and delays to event for South Africa’s Giniel de The Dutch crew of Erik van in action during the Rally.
    [Show full text]
  • Appearance and Development of Modern Sports in Montenegro
    Krivokapić D.: Appearance and development of modern sports in Montenegro... Sport Science 9 (2016) 1: 64-69 APPEARANCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN SPORTS IN MONTENEGRO AS A CONSEQUENCE OF INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION OF MONTENEGRO’S INDEPENDENCE ON BERLIN CONGRESS 1878. Dragan Krivokapić University of Montenegro, Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, Niksić, Montenegro Review article Abstract Montenegro has been battling against many conquerors for centuries, and defended its liberty with many victims. Crown of that liberation battle was Berlin Congress in 1878 on which independence was recognized to this small country. That way, this very important event in the European history of XIX century, has become one of the most important dates in the independence history of Montenegro, which definitely solved the question of its international recognition. As a consequence of becoming independent, diplomatic branch offices are opened in the capital of Montenegro - Cetinje, among first those of the world most powerful states: England, Germany, Russia, Austro-Hungary, Turkey, the USA and others. There were 12 embassies in Cetinje at that time. The leader of Montenegro, Prince Nikola had a big family (eight daughters and a son) and through them he made family relations with several European courts which strengthened the position of Montenegro in Europe as well. Foreign diplomats introduced new habits and behaviours into the Montenegrian capital. Among other things, they introduced and promoted sport in Montenegro: golf, tennis, ice skating, skiing..
    [Show full text]
  • THE ENABLING ENVIRONMENT for SUSTAINABLE ENTERPRISES in MONTENEGRO Report CIP - Каталогизација У Публикацији Национална Библиотека Црне Горе, Цетиње
    THE ENABLING ENVIRONMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE ENTERPRISES IN MONTENEGRO report CIP - Каталогизација у публикацији Национална библиотека Црне Горе, Цетиње ISBN 978-9940-658-01-4 COBISS.CG-ID 23756304 The enabling environment for sustainable enterprises in Montenegro - report - Podgorica, December 2013. Montenegrin Employers Federation Montenegrin Employers Federation (MEF) is an independent, non-governmental, non-political and not-for-profit organisation based on voluntary membership. MEF is founded on April 2nd 2002. On August 30th 2005 MEF was granted the status of representativity by the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare which made them the umbrella employers’ organisation in Montenegro representing the independent voice of business on national and international level. Having signed the National Tripartite Agreement on December 28th 2006, Montenegrin Employers Federation became a social partner – an official representative of employers in relations with Government and trade unions. MEF membership comprises entrepreneurs, small and medium enterprises, large economic entities, local and sector employers’ associations as well as NGOs. MEF members make 80% of total GDP in Montenegro and employ around 65% of the workforce. MEF is recognised at national, regional and international level. MEF is a member of International Organisation of Employers, Businesseurope being one of the founders of Adriatic Region Employers Centre as well as the first organisation to sign UN Global Compact in Montenegro. MEF closely cooperate with International Labour Organisation, (the later also supported its founding) and act in accordance with its conventions and recommendations). MEF established the Association of Business Women in Montenegro and helped founding of other employers associations at local and sector level. MEF signed cooperation agreements with umbrella employers organisations in the region and wider as well as with international institutions and organisations.
    [Show full text]
  • Play the Game 2017 for Better and for Worse, Sport Has Become a Key Instrument Of
    Title: War by Other Means: International Sport Corruption as an Instrument of Statecraft Application: 5/1 Applicant: Mr Akaash Maharaj Global Organization of Parliamentarians Against Corruption (GOPAC) 1 Station A Toronto ON M5W 1A2 Canada [email protected] Tel: +1 (416) 995 3275 Application details: Category: Governance in sport: Change or be changed? -- Type: Other -- Keywords: corruption, diplomacy, international affairs, diplomacy, statecraft, crime, law enforcement, regulation, oversight, conflict of interest -- summary: Sport has become a key instrument of statecraft, as much as diplomacy, defence, or intelligence. To the extent that sport becomes captive to political corruption, it becomes an instrument to prop up tyrannies and to undermine the rule of law. Accordingly, there is a global public interest in establishing independent, democratic oversight of sport organisations\' compliance with legal and ethical standards. -- Abstract: The Global Organization of Parliamentarians Against Corruption (GOPAC) is a worldwide association of legislators who have come together to combat corruption, strengthen democracy, and uphold the rule of law. We have sixty national chapters and individual members in almost every parliament of the world. Historically, we have focussed on issues such as anti-money laundering, anti-corruption in public procurement, and anti-kleptocracy at the highest levels of the state. In recent years, however, we have become increasingly involved in the struggle for sport integrity. Play the Game 2017 For better and for worse, sport has become a key instrument of Grantfolio v2.0 - 2017-12-14 - 4 - Abstract submission 1 of 281 statecraft, as much as diplomacy and aid, as much as defence and intelligence. At its best, sport can be an unrivalled force for good in the world.
    [Show full text]