World Journal of Sport Sciences 5 (1): 51-60, 2011 ISSN 2078-4724 © IDOSI Publications, 2011

Analytical Study of the Labs of Kinesiology and Biomechanics of Physical Education Faculties in

Tamer Husain Al-Shetehy

Department of Sports Training, Faculty of Physical Education, University, Egypt

Abstract: The research aims to identify the possibility and extent of benefit derived from the labs of motor Science in Faculties of Physical Education in Arab Republic of Egypt. The researcher use descriptive approach to its suitability for the nature of the research. He made ax study of all faculties and departments of Physical Education in Arab Republic of Egypt that are 17 faculties and one department at Al Azhar University. The researcher use in data collection, personal interviews and field visits to the faculties of physical education and those who in change of the laboratory and analysis of documents to find out the number of applied laboratory haves as well as knowing studies and previous researches. The researcher has applied the form of collection data on the research community in the period from June 1 to September 20, 2010. He collected data, applied and scheduled them. Then processed the data statistically, the researcher has come to a number of the most important results that there is no labs of movement sciences and Biomechanics in some physical education faculties in Arab Republic of Egypt by 38.9% at a total of 7 faculties from 18 faculties.

Key words: Analysis % Biomechanics

INTRODUCTION and computer for analysis. This system is used in scientific labs equipped with modern technology related Every change in society should be followed by a to preparing the player and the field [3]. change in Educational system and in the development of Leonardo de Vinci wrote in the 15th century that curricula. This change is reflected in the philosophy of mechanics is the most useful science [4]. The student Education which in turn reflects the social change. The should take laboratory training besides the theoretical specialized National councils recommend achieving achievement to study kinesiology and Biomechanics to balance in the educational process in the university that develop the level of Biomechanics research, the human it connects the scientific qualifications with the and financial re potentials should be available to serve the specialized knowledge and the cultural development [1]. scientific material either for the educational purpose or for This will help the graduate to continue to keep up with the doing researches [3]. scientific development in the technology of measurement The problem lies in establishing regional faculties of and reformation and diagnosis in the field of kinesiology physical education without considering human or and in computers with its 4 stages of analyzing data financial Potentials or without considering the (collecting data- digital conversion – mechanical environmental factors and the type of work expected for processing – results display) make it easy to store, the graduates. It is not reasonable that the specialist Analysis, process a lot of data and kinetic and provides the scientific material about settling the center of electrophysiology measurements which have different gravity in the human body without practical application of physical and biological origins for motor performance [2]. lesson contents without practically applying the theory So, the need for scientific research in the technology of under the supervision of the specialist. Also, designing monitoring the errors of performance using the the cinematography field and preparing the players before measurement tools related to the ideal Sports performance Shooting require that the student should have is necessary. The kinesiology and Biomechanics are used experimental path inside the lab because it is very difficult as a detector to detect Kinetic molecules of performance to teach these things theoretically without application. It and its great ability in monitoring the errors of the entire is important to make study for analyzing the contents of performance of the kinetic skills using cinematography the specialized faculties and to achieve this purpose.

Corresponding Author: Tamer Husain Al-Shetehy, Department of Sports Training, Faculty of Physical Education, , Egypt. 51 World J. Sport Sci., 5 (1): 51-60, 2011

So, this is an attempt to know the reality of Faculties Analysis of Documents: The researcher has collected data of Physical Education in Egypt through research by of the kinesiology and biomechanics curricula taught in knowing human and financial potentials and the devices the faculties of physical education to identify the number inside the faculties, This study is important because it of applied lab hours. The analysis leads to the number of reveals the real dose that the student of physical applied lab hours for the curricula included in the education takes through the four study years. It reveals faculties' lists. if the content of curricula of the kinesiology and biomechanics are comprehensive and enough from the Checking the Studies and Previous Researches: practical perspective or not. The Researcher has checked the studies and references of the research subject to determine and choose the content The Aim of the Research: Doing an analytical study on of data collection from. the labs of kinesiology and biomechanics in Faculties of Physical Education in Egypt and this is achieved by Data Collection Form: The researcher depends in knowing the following: building and designing the data collecting form and setting basic elements on the following sources. C Structural potentials existing indeed. C Human potentials existing indeed. C Using specialized references and theoretical C Knowing the minimum rate of devices and tools readings to determine basic elements of the form and existing in the labs of kinesiology and biomechanics. posed it to experts to know their opinion before carrying out. Definitions: Analysis: it is the logical means by which the C Analyzing basic elements of the labs of kinesiology, phenomenon, the study topic is conducted as if it was biomechanics and the credibility. To achieve the divided into basic parts or elements that composed them. credibility of the form the researcher has shown Every Part is researched separately to achieve a deeper application to 5 experts from the faculty staff in the [5]. kinesiology and biomechanics. Those experts have Biomechanics understanding for the phenomenon as been chosen according to the following criteria: a whole it is the science that uses the applied mechanic C Holding Ph.D. in Kinesiology and biomechanics tools of movement of living organisms to identify kinetic fields. methods and the strength and weakness aspects on C Teaching in the department of kinesiology in the applying the kinetic skills. This is based on several faculty of physical education. applied sciences like anatomy, physiology and It is better to be a professor or an assistant professor physics [5]. C to tell his opinion about the content of the form and MATERIALS AND METHODS if it is suitable for the purpose and the goal of the research and also to make any necessary The researcher used the survey methodology modifications on the form: the experts approved of because it is suitable for the nature of the research. data collection form.

The Research Community: The research community is The Steps of Applying the Research: After setting the the labs of kinesiology and biomechanics in the faculties research community and preparing the data collection of physical education in the various universities in tools, the researcher has done the following: Egypt.The number of these faculties are 17and only one department in Al Azhar University. C Putting schedule table to apply the form on the research community to make the researcher able to Data Collection Means: The researcher uses the following explain the elements of the form. This took from 1st means in data collection. June, 2010 to 20th September 2010. C Applying the form on the Research community Personal Interview: The researcher has some interviews according to the schedule. with experts and teaching staff in the field of kinesiology C Collecting data, classifying and scheduling them and and biomechanics to design the form of data their number processing data. is five. C Conclusions.

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION production) are not practically applied in these faculties. Post graduate studies' students study these sciences only Table 1 indicated that there are 6 faculties of physical theoretically, consequently they don't acquire basic education and a department of physical Education in the practical Skills to pass the academic standards of the Faculty of Education, Al – Azhar University which don't exams of biomechanics. have labs of motor sciences and biomechanics. Table 2 indicates the structural potentials including big halls, teaching halls and other labs' rooms, stores, These faculties are as follows: offices of teaching staff members and benches for students. There should be a connection between C Faculty of Physical Education for Girls, Helwan labs' units and the number of faculties having labs University (11 faculties). C Faculty of Physical Education for Girls, University On determining big halls, the faculties which have C Faculty of Physical Education for Girls, Demeitta labs are: Branch, C Faculty of Physical Education for Boys, Benha C Faculty of Physical Education for Boys, University C Faculty of Physical Education, South of the Valley C Faculty of Physical Education for Boys, , Qena University. C Faculty of Physical Education, Benisuef University C Faculty of Physical Education for Girls, Alexandria University In addition to the Department of Physical Education, C Faculty of Physical Education, Assuit University Faculty of Education, Al Azhar University. C Faculty of Physical Education, It is indicated that 38.9% of faculties and C Faculty of Physical Education, departments of physical education in Egyptian C Faculty of Physical Education, El Menia University universities don't have labs of motor sciences and C Faculty of Physical Education, University biomechanics which is considered a very high percentage. C Faculty of Physical Education, Sadat, El Monofiya This indicates that curricula of motor sciences and University biomechanics have been theoretically taut only C Faculty of Physical Education, Mansoura University through information and knowledge during lectures. C Faculty of Physical Education, Kafr El Sheikh Also, researches (master, doctorate and scientific University

Table 1: Labs of motor sciences and biomechanics in Faculties of physical Education in EGYPT Universities Faculties Contain Don't Contain Helwan Faculty of Physical Education for Boys in El Harm. ! Faculty of Physical Education for Girls in El Gazeira. ! Alexandria Faculty of Physical Education for Boys in Abokeer. ! Faculty of Physical Education for Girls, Fleming. ! Assuit Faculty of Physical Education. ! Zagazig Faculty of Physical Education for Boys. ! Faculty of Physical Education for Girls. ! Tanta Faculty of Physical Education. ! El Menia Faculty of Physical Education. ! Port said Faculty of Physical Education. ! Al Monofiya Faculty of Physical Education in Sadat city. ! Al Mansoura Faculty of Physical Education. ! Faculty of Physical Education, Damietta Branch. ! Benha Faculty of Physical Education. ! South Valley Faculty of Physical Education in Qena. ! Kafr EL Sheikh Faculty of Physical Education. ! Benisuef Faculty of Physical Education. ! Al – Azhar Faculty of Education, Physical Education Department for Boys in Cairo. !

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Table 2: The contents of structures existing in the labs of kinesiology and biomechanics in faculties of physical education in Egypt Multi-purposes Teaching Offices for Teaching Students' Connection between Big Halls(*) room (~) Hall ()) Store (O) staff members (+) Benches (Ö) structural units (~) ------Don't Don't Don't Don't Don't Don't Don't Don't Symbols Contain No. Contain Contain No. Contain Contain No. Contain Contain No. Contain Contain No. Contain Contain No. Contain Contain Contain Contain Applications ! 1 ------! ! 1 -- ! 1 -- ! 4 -- ! 36 -- ! -- - *)?+%…

-- -- ! -- -- ! -- -- ! ! 1 ------! -- -- ! ! -- - ?…

! 2 -- ! 1 -- ! 1 -- ! 1 -- ! 2 -- ! 20 -- ! -- - ~*)?+%…

! 1 ------! ! 1 -- ! 1 ------! ! 5 -- ! -- - *)?%…

! 2 ------! -- -- ! ! 1 -- ! 3 ------! ! -- - **?+…

! 2 -- ! 2 -- ! 1 ------! ! 5 ------! -- ! ! ~~**)+

! 2 -- ! 2 -- ! 3 -- ! 2 -- ! 8 ------! ! -- -- ~~**))?+…

! 1 -- ! 1 -- ! 1 -- ! 1 -- ! 2 -- ! 4 -- ! -- -- ~*)?+%…

! 1 -- ! 2 -- ! 1 -- ! 1 ------! ! 25 -- -- ! ! ~~*)?% -- -- ! ! 1 ------! -- -- ! ! 3 -- ! 8 -- ! -- -- ~+%…

! 1 ------! ! 2 -- ! 3 -- ! 12 -- ! 45 -- ! -- -- *))???+%…

When we determine big halls in labs, we will find There is not a store in the Faculty of physical that all faculties have big halls in labs except Faculty of Education of Tanta and Mansoura Universities. There is Physical Education, Mansoura University.There is only only one store in the faculties of physical Education in one hall in faculties of physical education in the following universities of: Helwan (Boys), Alexandria universities: (Boys),Alexandria (girls), Assuit, Zagazig (Boys), Port Helwan, Assuit,Port Said, El Monofiya and Kafr El Sheikh. Said and El Menia University.There are two stores in the There are two halls in Faculty of Physical Education Faculty of Physical Education,El Menia University and for Girls, Alexandria University- Faculty of Physical three stores in the Faculty of Physical Education, Kafr El Education for Boys, Zagazig University-Faculty of Sheikh University. Physical Education, Tanta University and Faculty of There are not offices for teaching staff members in Physical Education, El Menia University. the lab of faculties of physical Education in universities of: Alexandria (Boys),Assuit, El Monofiya.There are There are not rooms for various purposes in offices in other faculties of physical education in faculties of physical education in the following universities of: Helwan (Boys), Alexandria (Girls), Zagazig universities: Helwan (Boys), Alexandria (Boys), Assuit, (Boys), Tanta,El Menia, port Said,Mansoura and Kafr El Zagazig (Boys) and Kafr El Sheikh. There are two rooms Sheikh. in faculties of physical education in the following There are not Benches for Students inside the lab in universities:Tanta, El Menia and El Monofiya, whereas faculties of physical education in universities of: there is one room in the faculties of physical education in Alexandria (Boys), Zagazig (Boys), Tanta and El Menia. the following universities: Alexandria (Girls), Port Said and Other faculties of physical education in universities of Mansoura. Helwan (Boys), On the other hand, there are not teaching halls in the Alexandria (Girls), Assuit, Port Said, El Monofiya, faculties of physical education in universities of: Mansoura and Kafr El Sheikh have Benches for Students Alexandria (Boys), Zagazig (Boys) and Mansoura.There inside the lab. is one teaching hall in the lab in the faculties of physical There is no connection between structural units of education in universities of: Helwan (Boys), Alexandria labs in faculties of physical education in Tanta and El (Girls), Assuit, Tanta, Port Said and El Monofiya.There are Monofiya Universities, but there is a connection in the halls in the lab in the Faculty of Physical Education, Kafr faculties in universities of Helwan (Boys), Alexandria El Sheikh University and 3 teaching halls in the Faculty of (Boys), Alexandria (Girls), Assuit, Zagazig (Boys), El physical Education, El Menia University. Menia, Port Said, Mansoura and Kafr El Sheikh.

54 World J. Sport Sci., 5 (1): 51-60, 2011

Table 3: Human potentials in the labs of kinesiology and biomechanics in faculties of Physical Education in Egypt Specialized Operation Technical lab Technician Specialist- Cinemat- Operation Technical Computer Mechanics ograph Specialist- Computer Programmer Specialist ------Human potentials in the labs of kinesiology Don't Don't Don't Don't Don't Faculties Contain No. Contain Contain No. Contain Contain No. Contain Contain No. Contain Contain No. Contain Faculty of Physical Education for Boys ,Haram, Helwan University - 3 C - 1 C - 1 C C - - - 1 C Faculty of Physical Education for boys in Abu Qir, Alexandria University - 5 C C - - C - - 3 C C - - Faculty of Physical Education for Girls Fleming, University of Alexandria - 1 C - 1 C - 1 C - 1 C - 1 C Faculty of Physical Education, Assuit University C - - C - - - 1 C - 3 C C - - Faculty of Physical Education for Boys, Zagazig University - 2 C C 1 C - 1 C - 1 C C - - Faculty of Physical Education, Tanta University - 1 C C 1 C - 1 C C - - C - C Faculty of Physical Education, Menia University - 1 C C - - - 2 C - 2 C - 2 C Faculty of Physical Education University of Port Said - 7 C C - - - 2 C C - - - 2 - Faculty of Physical Education University, Egypt - 2 C C - - - 1 C C - - __ - - Faculty of Physical Education, Mansoura University - 2 C C - - C - - C - - C - - Faculty of Physical Education University, Kafr El-Sheikh - 1 C C - - - 1 C C - - C - -

The previous presentation indicates that the labs of There is no a specialized lab technician in storing and faculties of physical education in Alexandria (Girls) and preparing devices in the lab of Faculty of physical Port Said universities as they are the best labs where Education in Helwan (Boys), Alexandria (Boys), Zagazig structural elements are available, then labs of Faculty of (Boys), Tanta, El Menia, port Said,El Monofiya, Mansoura Physical Education in Helwan (Boys) and Kafr El Sheikh and Kafr El Sheikh. But there is in faculties of physical Universities in the second stage where structural elements Education in Alexandria (Girls) and Assuit Universities. are available. Next are the labs of faculties of physical The previous report indicates that the lab of Faculty education in Assuit and El Monofiya Universities. of physical Education, Alexandria University is the best Before the last stage, the labs of faculties of Zagazig one where human elements are available and in the (Boys), Tanta and Mansoura universities, the last stage second stage it is the lab of Faculty of physical Education is the lab of the Faculty of physical Education for Boys, for Boys, Zagazig University, then the labs of faculties in Alexandria University which is considered the best lab in Helwan (Boys), Assuit, Tanta, El Menia and Port Said structural elements. universities. Next labs are of faculties in Alexandria (Boys) Table 3 shows that there is no specialist in and El Monofiya universities. Finally, comes the lab of biomechanics holding Ph.D. in the Faculty of Physical Faculty of Physical Education, El Mansoura University. Education,Assuit University but there are specialists Table 4 indicates that there are 15 types of devices holding Ph.D. in biomechanics in other faculties in Helwan and tools among tools in the form in the lab of the Faculty (Boys), Alexandria (Boys), Alexandria (Girls), Zagazig of Physical Education, Helwan University. There are not (Boys), Tanta, El Menia, Port said, El Monofiya, 9 types of devices in the lab. Mansoura and Kafr El Sheikh universities. There is a computer programmer in the faculties of C There are not 9 types of devices and tools and there physical education in Universities of Alexandria (Girls), are 15 types of devices and tools in the lab of Faculty Zagazig (Boys), Tanta and Port Said. of Physical Education for Boys, Alexandria There is no a technical specialist of operating and University. maintenance of computer in universities of Helwan (Girls), C There are 16 types of devices and tools and there are Alexandria (Girls), Assuit, Zagazig (Boys), Tanta, El not 8 types of devices and tools in the lab of Faculty Menia, port Said, El Monofiya and Kafr El Sheikh. There of Physical Education for girls in Alexandria is not also a technical specialist of operating and University. maintenance of photography machines and cinema C There are 11 types of devices and tools and there are photography and using video sets and field drawing in not 13 types of devices and tools in the lab of faculties of physical education in universities of Helwan Faculty of Physical Education, Assuit University. (Boys), Tanta and Kafr El Sheikh, but there is in faculties C There are 15 types of devices and tools and there are of physical education in Alexandria (Boys), Alexandria not 9 types of devices and tools in the lab of Faculty (Girls), Assuit, Zagazig (Boys) and El Menia Universities. of Physical Education for Boys, Zagazig University.

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Table 4: The statement of devices and tools in the labs of kinesiology and biomechanics in faculties of physical education in Egypt El Harm Abokeer Fleming Assuit Zagazig (Boys) ------The statement in Faculties Don't Don't Don't Don't Don't Types of devices and tools Contain No. Contain Contain No. Contain Contain No. Contain Contain No. Contain Contain No. Contain Modern and various Cameras • 3 - - - • • 2 - • 3 - · 2 - Video sets - digital zoom - connection to computer • 2 - - - • • 5 - • 3 - · 1 - Photographs feedback devices - - • - - • - - • - - · - - · Mobile screens and display devices, • 2 - • 6 - • 12 - • 1 - · 2 - Modern and various cinema cameras and connection to the computer - - • - - • - - • - - • • 2 - • 1 - • 1 - • 1 - - - • - - • - Cameras' Holders with different heights • 4 - - - • • 5 - • 2 - • 3 - • 1 - • 1 - • 3 - • 4 - • 2 - • Constant and Moving Lightening devices - - • • 2 - • 4 - - - • • 2 - - - • • 1 - • 2 - - - • - - • • Integrated modern Computers • 4 - • 5 - • 15 - • 3 - • 4 - • 30 - • 1 - • 3 - • 15 - • 3 - • Modern video cameras • 2 - • 1 - • 1 - - - • • 2 - • 1 - - - • • 3 - • 2 - • 2 - - Black and white films - - • • 10 - - - • - - • - - • - - • - - • - - • - - • - - • - Panel indicating the gravity of human body • 1 - - - • - - • - - • • 1 - - - • • 1 - - - • - - • • 2 - - Balances • 1 - • 4 - • 5 - • 1 - • 1 - • 7 - • 1 - - - • • 6 - • 1 - • Manometer to show partial weights of human body - - • - - • • 12 - - - • - - • - - • • 1 - • 1 - • 2 - - - • • Measuring panel showing partial weights for human body organs - - • - - • • 3 - - - • - - • - - • - - • • 2 - - - • - - • - Moving plates to know weights - - • - - • - - • - - • - - • - - • - - • • 1 - • 2 - - - • - Strength measurement platform • 1 - • 3 - • 1 - - - • - - • - - • • 1 - • 1 - - - • - - • • Brains measurement device • 1 - - - • • 5 - • 3 - • 3 - • 3 - • 1 - • 1 - • 4 - • 1 - • Goniometer • 3 - • 11 - • 1 - • 1 - • 1 - • 4 - • 1 - • 2 - • 2 - • 1 - • for measuring flexibility Dynamometer for strength measurement • 3 - - - • • 2 - • 4 - • 8 - - - • • 1 - • 1 - • 2 - • 1 - • Water basins • 1 - - - • - - • - - • - - • - - • - - • - - • - - • - - • - Hanging balances - - • - - • - - • - - • - - • - - • - - • • 1 - - - • - - • - Stop watches • 4 - • 3 - • 20 - • 2 - • 2 - • 35 - • 4 - - - • • 10 - • 3 - • Ringing prong - - • - - • - - • - - • - - • - - • • 1 - - - • - - • - - • - Modern T.V sets - Modern and large display screens • 2 - - - • • 5 - • 1 - • 2 - • 6 - - - • • 1 - • 4 - • 1 - • Tanta El Menia Port said Al Monofeya Al Mansoura Kafr EL Sheikh ------The statement in Faculties Don't Don't Don't Don't Don't Don't Types of devices and tools Contain No. Contain Contain No. Contain Contain No. Contain Contain No. Contain Contain No. Contain Contain No. Contain Modern and various Cameras - - · · 2 - · 3 - · 2 - · 2 - · 2 - Video sets - digital zoom - connection to computer - - · - - · · 1 - · 3 - · 2 - - - · Photographs feedback devices - - · · 1 - - - · - - · · 2 - - - · Mobile screens and display devices, · 9 - - - · - - · · 6 - · 1 - · 5 - Modern and various cinema cameras and connection to the computer - • Cameras' Holders with different heights 2 - Constant and Moving Lightening devices 2 - Integrated modern Computers 5 - Modern video cameras - • Black and white films - • Panel indicating the gravity of human body - • Balances 5 - Manometer to show partial weights of human body 1 - Measuring panel showing partial weights for human body organs - • Moving plates to know weights - • Strength measurement platform 1 - Brains measurement device 5 - Goniometer 2 - for measuring flexibility Dynamometer for strength measurement 1 - Water basins - • Hanging balances - • Stop watches 10 - Ringing prong - • Modern T.V sets - Modern and large display screens 10 -

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C There are 10 types of devices and tools of and there The previous presentation indicates that not 14 types of devices and tools in the lab listed in faculties of physical education in Alexandria and the form Faculty of Physical Education, Tanta Port Said universities are considered the most University. faculties having more types of devices and tools C There are 15 types of devices and tools and there are as they contain 16 types of devices and tools by not 9 types of devices and tools in the lab listed in 66.7% from the minimum of the form. Then faculties the form in the Faculty of Physical Education, Menia of physical education in universities of Helwan (Boys) University. and El Menia, having 15 types of devices and tools by C There are 16 types of devices and tools and there are 62.5%. Next, faculties of physical education in Monofiya not 8 types of devices and tools in the Faculty of and Mansoura universities having 14 types of devices Physical Education, . and tools by 58.3%. After that Faculty of Physical C There are 14 types of devices and tools and there are Education, Kafr El Sheikh University as it has 11 types of not 10 types of devices and tools in the lab of the devices and tools by 54.2%. Faculty of Physical Faculty of Physical Education, El Monofiya Education, Assuit University has 11 types of devices and University. tools by 45.8%. Faculty of Physical Education, Tanta C There are 14 types of devices and tools and there are University has 10 types of devices and tools by 41.6%. not 10 types of devices and tools in the Faculty of Finally, Faculty of physical Education for Boys, Physical Education, Mansoura University. Alexandria University has 9 types of devices and C There are 13 types of devices and tools and there are tools by 37.6%. not 11 types of devices and tools in the lab of the Table 5 indicates that there are 12 types of devices Faculty of Physical Education, Kafr El Sheikh and tools used actually. But there is only device, cameras University. holders, which is not used.

Table 5: The statement of the state of devices and tools used actually in the labs of kinesiology and biomechanics in faculties of physical education in Egypt El Harm Abokeer Fleming Assuit Zagazig - Boys Tanta ------The State Don't Don't Don't Don't Don't Don't Devices and tools Contain No. Contain Contain No. Contain Contain No. Contain Contain No. Contain Contain No. Contain Contain No. Contain Modern and variety cameras - - x - - - • - - • - - • - - - - - Video sets - digital zoom - connection to computer - - x - - - • - - • - - • - - - - - Photographs feedback devices ------Mobile screens and display devices, - - x • - - • - - • - - • - - - - x Modern and various cinema cameras and connection to the computer • ------• - - - x - Cameras' Holders with different heights - x - - - - • - - • - - • - - • - - Constant and Moving Lightening devices - - - • - - • - - - - - • - - - x - Integrated modern Computers • - - - - x • - - • - - • - - - x - Modern video cameras • - - - x - • - - - - - • - - - x - Black and white films - - - • ------Panel indicating the gravity of human body • ------• - - - - - Balances • - - • - - • - - - - x • - - • - - Manometer to show partial weights of human body ------• ------Measuring panel showing partial weights for human body organs ------• ------Moving plates to know weights ------Strength measurement platform • - - - x - • ------Brains measurement device • - - - - - • - - • - - • - - • - - Goniometer for measuring flexibility • - - • - - • - - • - - • - - • - - Dynamometer for strength measurement • - - - - - • - - • - - • - - - - - Water basins • ------Hanging balances ------Stop watches • - - • - - • - - • - - • - - • - - Ringing prong ------Modern T.V sets - Modern and large display screens • - - - - - • - - • - - • - - • - -

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Table 5: Continued El Menia Port said Al Monofeya Al Mansoura Kafr EL Sheikh ------The State Don't Don't Don't Don't Don't Devices and tools Contain No. Contain Contain No. Contain Contain No. Contain Contain No. Contain Contain No. Contain Modern and variety cameras • - - • - - • - - • - - • - - Video sets - digital zoom - connection to computer - - - • - - • - - • - - - - - Photographs feedback devices • ------• - - - - - Mobile screens and display devices, ------• - - • - - • - - Modern and various cinema cameras and connection to the computer • - - - x ------Cameras' Holders with different heights • - - • - - • - - • - - • - - Constant and Moving Lightening devices • - - • ------• - - Integrated modern Computers • - - • - - • - - • - - • - - Modern video cameras - - - • - - • - - • - - - - - Black and white films ------Panel indicating the gravity of human body • ------• - - - - - Balances • - - - - - • - - • - - • - - Manometer to show partial weights of human body - x - • - - • - - - - - • - - Measuring panel showing partial weights for human body organs - - - • ------Moving plates to know weights - - - • - - • ------Strength measurement platform • - - • ------• - - Brains measurement device • - - • - - • - - • - - • - - Goniometer for measuring flexibility • - - • - - • - - • - - • - - Dynamometer for strength measurement • - - • - - • - - • - - • - - Water basins ------Hanging balances - - - • ------Stop watches • - - - - - • - - • - - • - - Ringing prong • ------Modern T.V sets - Modern and large display screens - - - • - - • - - • - - • - -

C There are also 3 types of devices and tools having C There 15 types of devices and tools used actually failure which can be repaired in the lab of Faculty of and there is only device not actually used in Faculty Physical Education for Boys, Helwan University. of Physical Education, Port Said University. C There are 6 types of devices and tools used C All devices (14 types) are used in Faculty of Physical effectively and two devices are not used and only Education, El Monufiya University. device having failure which can be repaired in the lab C All devices (14 types) are actually used in Faculty of of Faculty of Physical Education for Boys, Alexandria Physical Education, Mansoura University. University. C All devices (13 types) are actually used in Faculty of C All devices (16 types) are used effectively in the Physical Education, Kafr El Sheikh University. Faculty of Physical Education for Girls, Alexandria University. The previous presentation indicates that Faculty C There are 10 types of devices and tools including a of Physical Education for Girls, Alexandria University device with failure and can be repaired are used held 66.7% of the minimum, compared with total of the effectively in Faculty of Physical Education, Assuit form as there are 16 types of devices and tools are University. actually used. After wards, Faculty of Physical Education C There are 5 types of devices and tools used actually for Boys, Zagazig University and Faculty of Physical and 4 types are not used although they are good for Education, Port Said University held 62.2% of the use there is only device but it is out of order and can minimum with total of the form (15 types of devices and be repaired in Faculty of Physical Education, Tanta tools are actually used).Then faculties of physical University. education in universities of El Menia, El Monofiya C There are 14 types of devices and tools used actually and Mansoura as they held 58.3% of the minimum and only are one device not actually used in Faculty with total of the form, 14 types of devices and of Physical Education, El Menia University. tools are actually used. Next, Faculty of Physical

58 World J. Sport Sci., 5 (1): 51-60, 2011

Education, Kafr El Sheikh University (held 54.2% of the C Postgraduate studies students in faculties of physical minimum with total of the form, 13 types of devices and education in Egypt are studying courses of motor tools are actually used). Then came Faculty of Physical sciences and biomechanics without acquiring lab Education for Boys, Helwan University by 50% of the skills like methods and devices of research originated minimum with total of the form as 12 types of devices and from anatomy, physiology, mathematics and physics tools are actually used.Then came Faculty of Physical and other sciences. Education, Assuit University by 41.6% of the minimum C Most departments of motor sciences don't adhere to with total of the form because10 types of devices and research plans. tools are actually used. Then Faculty of Physical C About 38.9% of faculties of physical education in Education for Boys, Alexandria University by 25% of the Egypt don't have labs of motor sciences and minimum with total of the form as 16 types of devices and biomechanics. tools are actually used. Finally Faculty of Physical C The best labs of motor sciences in terms of the Education, Tanta University recorded 20.8% of the availability of structural elements are the lab of minimum with total of the form by 5 types of devices and Faculty Physical Education for Girls, Alexandria tools are actually used. University and the lab of Faculty Physical Education, It is clear from the rest of the form questions that no Port Said University. regular maintenance of or devices of the lab in faculties of C The best lab of motor sciences and biomechanics in physical education in Alexandria (Boys), Assuit, Zagazig terms of availability of human elements is the lab of (Boys) and Tanta universities. Faculty Physical Education for Girls, Alexandria There is a regular maintenance of the lab devices in University. faculties of physical education in universities of Helwan C The best labs of motor sciences and biomechanics in (Boys), Alexandria (Girls), Port Said, Monofiya and Kafr terms of availability of minimum of devices and tools El Sheikh). are those of Faculty of Physical Education for There is no record of experiments that have been Girls,Alexandria University with total 16 types from completed in the lab in all of the eleven faculties. 24 types of devices and tools (66.7%) and Faculty of There are labs devices not mentioned in the labs, Physical Education for Boys, Zagazig University with namely reaction device in the lab of Faculty of Physical total 15 from 24 types of devices and tools (62.5%). Education, Port Said University and functional efficiency, C There is no record of experiments which have been a vital capacity devices and brain drawing device in completed inside the labs in all faculties. Faculty of Physical Education for Boys, Zagazig C There is no regular maintenance for labs' University.There is a device of vertical jump, a device of devices in faculties of physical education in measuring the deformation of the feet, a reetm boss universities of Alexandria (Boys), Assuit Zagazig device, skeleton device, muscles drawing device, device (Boys) and Tanta. of bio -nutrition measurement, breathing functions C There is a regular maintenance for labs' measurement device, tensometer, bilfometer, pain devices in faculties of physical education in measurement, the analysis of body composition, Helwan (Boys), Alexandria (Girls), El Menia, Port measuring the level of bending in the basin, blood Said,El Monofiya, Mansoura and Kafr El Sheikh pressure measurement, pulse measurement and serometer universities. in Faculty of Physical Education for Girls, Alexandria University. Recommendation:

CONCLUSION C Labs of motor sciences and biomechanics should be evaluated from time to time and in regular periods to C Most undergraduate students of physical education get on all that is new. faculties in Egypt are studying the courses of motor C It is necessary to set up labs of motor sciences and sciences and biomechanics without acquiring basic biomechanics in faculties which have no labs. skills for their self-independent activity in testing C There should be modern and integrated lab which is sporting movements. related to modern and distinctive research plans.

59 World J. Sport Sci., 5 (1): 51-60, 2011

C It is necessary to associate practical applications with REFERENCES theoretical ideas through holding scientific workshops and seminars. 1. Special National Councils, 1984. Report of the C It is necessary to adhere to applied practical hours for National Council and the Scientific Research and the courses of motor sciences and biomechanics of Technology, 12th September, pp: 14. the undergraduate students. 2. Aladdin, J. and N.A. Alsabbagh, 2007. Metrological C There should be research plans that can be applied basis for evaluating the level of performance and and make researchers (postgraduate studies physical and tactical skills of the athletes. Monshaat students) carry out these plans. Almaaref, Alexandria. C It is necessary to make regular maintenance for 3. El Shazly, A.F., 2001. Principles of biomechanical devices and tools in the labs and know how to analysis in sports field. Chains publications, Kuwait, operate them and train the officials to do so. 1(2): 246. C It is necessary to train specialized officials to manage 4. Abdel Rahman, N.A. and S.F. Ezz Aldin, 2004. Sports these labs. training system. Dar Alfikr Alarabi, Cairo, pp: 227. C There should be records in each lab to record the 5. Aladdin, J., 1980. Laboratory studies in the athletic goal of each experiment. movements. Dar Almaaref, pp: 5-15.

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