The Rising Value of Time and the Origin of Urban Gentrification
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Urban Density, Creativity, and Innovation
URBAN DENSITY, CREATIVITY, AND INNOVATION May 2007 Brian Knudsen, Richard Florida, Gary Gates, and Kevin Stolarick Abstract: Geographers and social scientists have probed the effects of agglomeration and spatial clustering on innovation and economic growth. Economists and others have identified the role of knowledge spillovers in driving the innovation process. While innovation is thus assumed to be a function of proximity, there has been little systematic research on the role of density in innovation. Thus, this research investigates density, and more specifically the density of creative workers, as a key factor influencing regional innovation. It uses principal components analysis to create and implement a composite measure of density and presents a model of innovation as a function of creative-density. Statistical analyses including multivariate regression finds that density and creativity separately and jointly affect innovation in metropolitan areas. The regression analysis finds a positive relationship between the density of creative workers and metropolitan patenting activity. This suggests that density is a key component of knowledge spillovers and a key component of innovation. Keywords: Creativity, Density, Innovation, Learning, Spillovers 1 I. Introduction Geographers and social scientists have long been interested in the effects of proximity and agglomeration on innovation and economic growth. Ever since Alfred Marshall, geographers have examined the economic consequences of dense linkages in industrial and economic agglomerations. These geographic agglomerations create external economies of scale through the sharing of technology and managerial expertise, thus increasing the productivity of inputs. For the past two decades, economic geographers have been especially interested in the rise of specialized innovation districts in the innovation process. -
Urban Densification --A Sustainable Urban Policy?
© 2002 WIT Press, Ashurst Lodge, Southampton, SO40 7AA, UK. All rights reserved. Web: www.witpress.com Email [email protected] Paper from: The Sustainable City II, CA Brebbia, JF Martin-Duque & LC Wadhwa (Editors). ISBN 1-85312-917-8 Urban densification --a sustainable urban policy? A. Skovbro Danish Centre for Forest, Landscape and Planning, Department of urban and regional planning, Denmark Abstract Planning policies in many European countries advocate for the Compact City or some sort of compaction process, as a strategy to obtain a more sustainable urban development, It contrasts the car-oriented urban sprawl of many modern cities, creating longer distances between urban functions, poor access to facilities and services, less efficient infrastructure provision, loss of open land, social segregation, etc. A Compact City policy in contrast should by regeneration and densification of the urban area crei~te the opposite, thus contributing to a more sustainable development in its broadest sense, social, economic and environmental, This paper explores the implications of urban densification, Based on a case study of a Copenhagen district, the paper will show the pros and cons of urban densification and the impacts on the urban environment, focussing on the local urban environment. The casestudy will be used to conclude whether densification and compact city policies can lead to a more sustainable urban environment. 1 Towards higher densities and sustainability in the 1990s Danish national government has supported a sort of densification policy since the mid 1990s. The turn in the 1990s Itowards higher densities in urban areas was happening due to several circumsti~nces. -
Seller Concessions - New York State Bar Association Clarifies Ethics Opinion Real Estate In-Depth April, 2010 by Edward I
Seller Concessions - New York State Bar Association Clarifies Ethics Opinion Real Estate In-Depth April, 2010 By Edward I. Sumber, Board Counsel On December 15, 2009, an informal response was given by the New York State Bar Association’s Committee on Professional Ethics (Inquiry No. 43-09) in which the State Bar Association clarified circumstances in which a lawyer may ethically participate in a residential real estate transaction, when the Seller has agreed to increase the sales price “in an amount equivalent to the amount of the Seller’s concession”. This excellent response by Committee Chair, Roy D. Simon, will be helpful to many lawyers who have avoided any transaction involving a gross up of a contract price with an equivalent Seller concession. A "seller's concession" is simply a credit to be given to the purchasers at closing often applied to closing costs, repairs or other expenses of the purchaser. When it is a genuine credit, no gross-up of the transaction is applicable. For example, a Seller may agree to provide a seller's concession because the inspection report reveals that the roof requires replacement. The seller's concession referred to in the Bar Association opinion is one which is identical in amount to the gross-up of the purchase price and is intended to enable the purchasers to obtain greater financing for the transaction. The Seller continues to receive the same true sales price as was originally negotiated. Opinion 817 – 11/2/2007 In 2007, the New York State Bar Association’s Committee on Professional Ethics issued a formal Opinion (817) in which it essentially stated that participation by a lawyer in a real estate transaction that includes a “seller’s concession” with a “grossed up” sales price is prohibited unless: [A] The transaction is entirely lawful; [B] The gross up is disclosed in the transaction documents; and [C] No parties are misled to their detriment. -
HPTE Summary of Concession Agreement
SUMMARY OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF THE CONCESSION AGREEMENT January 24, 2014 1. General Rights and Obligations of the Concessionaire 1.1 The Concessionaire has agreed, as and when required by the Concession Agreement, to do the following: (a) The Phase 2 Work, which is comprised of the following: (i) Phase 2 Construction Work, which means all of the works (including design, construction, testing, defect rectification and works necessary for obtaining access to the Site) to be undertaken in accordance with the Concessionaire's Phase 2 Construction Work Proposals in order to fulfill the Phase 2 Construction Work Requirements set out in Schedule 5 to the Concession Agreement. This includes: (1) Constructing the Phase 2 Managed Lanes; (2) Reconstructing the Phase 2 GP Lanes; (3) The I-25 Initial Work Package, which is a package of work intended to address known deficiencies in the I-25 Bridge Decks with a view to protecting the structures below those decks; (4) Designing and constructing other improvements to the Phase 2 Corridor, including sound and retaining walls, a bikeway, dynamic messaging signs and intelligent transportation system improvements; and (ii) Installing and commissioning the Phase 2 ETCS. The Phase 2 Work includes the BRT elements referred to in the body of this Official Statement. (b) The Services, which means the operation, maintenance, and tolling of the Managed Lanes and US 36 GP Lanes, through the creation and implementation of Operations Management Plans, Operations Maintenance Plans, Safety Plans, and Communication and Marketing Plans (all to be approved by HPTE) to ensure that: (i) The Managed Lanes are available as required by the Concession Agreement; 1 \DE - 038248/000001 - 677443 v2 (ii) The Concessionaire is maintaining the design intention of the Maintained Elements to achieve their full working life; and (iii) The Maintained Elements are handed back to HPTE on the Expiration Date in a condition complying with the requirements of the Concession Agreement. -
Smart Growth and Economic Success: Benefits for Real Estate Developers, Investors, Businesses, and Local Governments
United States December 2012 Environmental Protection Agency www.epa.gov/smartgrowth SMART GROWTH AND ECONOMIC SUCCESS: BENEFITS FOR REAL ESTATE DEVELOPERS, INVESTORS, BUSINESSES, AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS Office of Sustainable Communities Smart Growth Program (Distributed at 1/14/13 Sustainable Thurston Task Force meeting) Acknowledgments This report was prepared by the EPA’s Office of Sustainable Communities with the assistance of Renaissance Planning Group under contract number EP-W-11-009/010/11. Principal Staff Contacts: Melissa Kramer and Lee Sobel Mention of trade names, products, or services does not convey official EPA approval, endorsement, or recommendation. Cover photos (left to right, top to bottom): Barracks Row in Washington, D.C., courtesy of Lee Sobel; TRAX light rail in Sandy, Utah, courtesy of Melissa Kramer; Mission Creek Senior Community in San Francisco, California, courtesy of Alan Karchmer and Mercy Housing Inc. (Distributed at 1/14/13 Sustainable Thurston Task Force meeting) Table of Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................ i I. Economic Advantages of Smart Growth Strategies .............................................................................. 1 II. Economic Advantages of Compact Development ................................................................................. 4 A. Higher Revenue Generation per Acre of Land ................................................................................. -
Measuring Urban Sprawl; How Can We Deal with It? Amnon Frenkel, Maya Ashkenazi
Measuring Urban Sprawl; How Can We Deal With It? Amnon Frenkel, Maya Ashkenazi Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, and Center for Urban and Regional Studies, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. Tel: +972-4-8293956, Fax: +972-4-8294071, E-mail: [email protected],ac,il Abstract Measuring urban sprawl is a controversial topic among scholars who investigate the urban landscape. This study attempts to measure sprawl from a landscape perspective. The measures and indices used derive from various research disciplines, such as urban research, ecological research, and fractal geometry. The examination was based on an urban land-use survey performed in 78 urban settlements in Israel over the course of 15 years. Measures of sprawl were calculated at each settlement and then weighted into one integrated sprawl index through factor analysis, thus enabling a description of sprawl rates and their dynamics during a time period of two decades. The results reveal that urban sprawl is a multidimensional phenomenon that is better quantified by various measures. Keywords: Urban Sprawl, Sprawl Indices, Land Use, Growth Management Policy 1 1. Introduction During the past two decades urban sprawl has become a subject of particular interest among planners and policy-makers. Critics of sprawl all over the world are concerned by its many alleged negative impacts, such as lack of scale economies, which reduces the level of public services in the suburbs and weakens the economic base of central cities; increased energy consumption through encouraging the use of private vehicles, thereby causing traffic congestion and air pollution; and irreversible damage to ecosystems, caused by scattered and fragmented urban development in open lands (Ewing 1997; Burchell et al., 1998; Downs, 1998; Brueckner, 2000; Johnson, 2001). -
Appendix D-1 Master Concession Agreement
SUTHERLAND ASBILL & BRENNAN LLP DRAFT DATED: JULY 15, 2014 MASTER CONCESSION AGREEMENT FOR THE LEASING AND DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENT HOUSING (PHASE I) Between THE BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA and CONCESSIONAIRE a [State] [entity] Dated November [___], 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ARTICLE I. DEFINITIONS AND INTERPRETATION .........................................................2 Section 1.1 Definitions....................................................................................................2 Section 1.2 General Rules of Construction .....................................................................7 ARTICLE II. TERM ...................................................................................................................8 Section 2.1 Term .............................................................................................................8 Section 2.2 Return of Premises .......................................................................................8 Section 2.3 Early Termination ........................................................................................8 ARTICLE III. CONTINUED OPERATIONS PERIOD; TURNOVER OF THE PROJECTS ...........................................................................................................9 Section 3.1 Continued Operations Period .......................................................................9 Section 3.2 Turnover of Operations ..............................................................................10 Section 3.3 Pre-Concession -
Regulating Urban Densification: What Factors Should Be Used? Buildings and Cities, 2(1), Pp
Regulating urban SPECIAL COLLECTION: densification: what factors URBAN DENSIFICATION should be used? EDITORIAL JACQUES TELLER HIGHLIGHTS CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Jacques Teller Urban densification is increasingly accepted as a necessity and is important for no-net Department of Urban and land take. Densification occurs in many places, especially fast-growing cities with a Environmental Engineering, combination of demographic change, economic pressure and large transport infrastructure University of Liège, Liege, projects. The costs and benefits of density require a nuanced understanding: potential Belgium direct, indirect and cumulative effects (environmental, economic and social), both on- [email protected] and off-site. The optimisation of densities implies a need to identify the conditions that can create the most value for the city, specify the places most appropriate for future inhabitants and activities, and promote spatial justice. The papers published in this special KEYWORDS: issue converge in depicting urban densification as a complex, nonlinear process, which affordable housing; cities; has to be addressed at various scales. Multifactorial metrics of density are superior to density; land take; land aggregated ones because they offer a better understanding of the urban forms and how use; social practices; urban densification; urban planning they are experienced by inhabitants and users. Both hard and soft densification have to be duly monitored and regulated if cities are to avoid overcrowding of places and buildings, which can be detrimental to urban resilience. The relation between urban densification TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Teller, J. (2021). Regulating and housing affordability is a critical factor that policymakers must address. urban densification: what factors should be used? Buildings and Cities, 2(1), pp. -
Quantifying the Effects of Residential Infill Redevelopment on Urban
water Article Quantifying the Effects of Residential Infill Redevelopment on Urban Stormwater Quality in Denver, Colorado Kyle R. Gustafson 1,2, Pablo A. Garcia-Chevesich 1,2,3,*, Kimberly M. Slinski 1,4,5, Jonathan O. Sharp 1,2,6 and John E. McCray 1,2,6 1 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA; [email protected] (K.R.G.); [email protected] (K.M.S.); [email protected] (J.O.S.); [email protected] (J.E.M.) 2 National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center, ReNUWIt, Golden, CO 80401, USA 3 Intergovernmental Hydrological Programme, UNESCO, 75007 Paris, France 4 Earth Systems Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA 5 Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA, Beltsville, MD 20771, USA 6 Hydrologic Science and Engineering Program, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-520-270-9555 Abstract: Stormwater quality in three urban watersheds in Denver that have been undergoing rapid infill redevelopment for about a decade was evaluated. Sampling was conducted over 18 months, con- sidering 15 storms. Results: (1) The first-flush effect was observed for nutrients and total suspended solids (TSS) but not for total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity, pH, and fecal indicator bacteria; (2) though no significant differences on event mean concentration (EMC) values were found among the three basins, local-scale EMCs were higher than traditional city-wide standards, particularly some metals and nutrients, most likely because of the significantly higher imperviousness of the Citation: Gustafson, K.R.; studied urban basins compared to city averages; (3) peak rainfall intensity and total rainfall depth Garcia-Chevesich, P.A.; Slinski, K.M.; showed significant but weak correlations with some nutrients and metals, and TDS; (4) antecedent Sharp, J.O.; McCray, J.E. -
The Battle of Gentrification Vs. Centrification: the Role of Nonprofits
University of Washington Tacoma UW Tacoma Digital Commons MAIS Projects and Theses School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences Spring 6-14-2017 The aB ttle of Gentrification vs. Centrification: The role of nonprofits William Towey University of Washington - Tacoma Campus, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.tacoma.uw.edu/ias_masters Recommended Citation Towey, William, "The aB ttle of Gentrification vs. Centrification: The or le of nonprofits" (2017). MAIS Projects and Theses. 51. https://digitalcommons.tacoma.uw.edu/ias_masters/51 This Open Access (no embargo, no restriction) is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences at UW Tacoma Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in MAIS Projects and Theses by an authorized administrator of UW Tacoma Digital Commons. The Battle of Gentrification vs. Centrification: The role of nonprofits William Towey A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Interdisciplinary Studies University of Washington 2017 Committee: Ruth Bernstein Charles Williams Jane Compson Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences ProQuest Number:10287372 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ProQuest 10287372 Published by ProQuest LLC ( 2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. -
Public-Private Partnerships: Evolution and Maturity
2016 Engineering & Construction Conference June 15–17, 2016 The Westin Austin Downtown Austin, Texas Public-Private Partnerships: Evolution and Maturity Micah Bible Lucian Spatoliatore Senior Manager, M&A Transaction Partner, M&A Transaction Services Services Deloitte & Touche LLP Deloitte Tax LLP Todd Wilson Jim Ziglar, Jr. Managing Director, M&A Senior Manager Transaction Services Deloitte Transactions and Deloitte & Touche LLP Business Analytics LLP 9:45 – 10:45 a.m. Contents Overview of the Market for U.S. Public-Private Partnerships (P3s) Potential Tax Implications for Companies Investing In P3s Update on Accounting and Financial Reporting Q&A Session Overview of US Public- Private Partnerships (PPPs or P3s) PPP Definition Public-private partnerships (“PPP”s or “P3”s) are contractual relationships in which the public and private sector agree to share the risks and rewards associated with a public asset. There are many types of PPP structures, but most share the following characteristics: • Long-term contractual arrangement with some regulatory element • Not a full legal asset sale • Designed to secure value or control costs for the public sector • Private sector contractor accepts risks and responsibility for (some or all of) design, construction, financing, maintenance and operations • Public sector retains strategic control over service delivery, may retain certain risks that it is able to handle more efficiently than the private sector, and either cedes revenue generated from asset or makes payments for performance • Payment to the private sector either comes directly from the project (revenue risk), or is a performance-based payment from the government (availability payment) Range of Project Delivery / Procurement Models Traditional Approach, PPPs, and Asset Sale A PPP is a contractual relationship in which the public and private sector agree to share the risks and rewards associated with a public asset. -
Promoting Physical Activity and Active Living in Urban Environments
PROMOTING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND ACTIVE LIVING IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS LIVINGINURBANENVIRONMENTS ANDACTIVE ACTIVITY PHYSICAL PROMOTING The WHO Regional Offi ce for Europe THE SOLID The World Health Organization (WHO) is FACTS a specialized agency of the United Nations created in 1948 with the primary responsibility for international health People’s participation in physical activity is infl uenced by the built, natural matters and public and social environments in which people live as well as by personal health. The WHO Regional Offi ce for factors such as sex, age, ability, time and motivation. The way people Europe is one of six regional offi ces organize cities, design the urban environment and provide access to the throughout the world, each with its own natural environment can be an encouragement or a barrier to physical programme geared to the particular health activity and active living. Other barriers exist in the social environments conditions of the within which people work, learn, play and live. countries it serves. Physical activity is an essential component of any strategy that aims to Member States address the problems of sedentary living and obesity among children and Albania adults. Active living contributes to individual physical and mental health Andorra Armenia but also to social cohesion and community well-being. Opportunities for Austria being physically active are not limited to sports and organized recreation; Azerbaijan Belarus opportunities exist everywhere – where people live and work, in Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina neighbourhoods and in educational and health establishments. Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus The Healthy Cities and urban governance programme of the WHO Czech Republic Denmark Regional Offi ce for Europe has focused on how local governments can Estonia Finland implement healthy urban planning to generate environments that France promote opportunities for physical activity and active living.