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Geographies of Women's Health

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Geographies of Women's Health Geographies of Women’s Health Around the globe, environmental and social transformations are reshaping women’s mental and physical health experiences, their access to health care services, and their roles in care giving. This international collection explores the relationships between society, place, gender, and health, and how these play out in different parts of the world. The chap- ters work together in examining the complex layering of social, economic, and political relations that frame women’s health. The authors demonstrate that women’s health needs to be understood “in place” if gains are to be made in improving women’s health and health care. Policy implications are woven throughout as contributors explore the close connections between policy structures, access to health and health care resources, and modes of service delivery. What happens in the offices of government can have profound influences on women’s ability to create and sustain healthy lives. The contributors use both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, representing the many lenses now being employed in understanding the health of women. Many chapters use women-centered research strategies and draw on feminist theory in explicating the links between health and place. What is significant in these accounts is that women are rarely best viewed as “victims” but as women exploring and using active strategies in managing health and illness and accessing both formal and informal health care systems. Isabel Dyck is a social geographer and Associate Professor in the School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia. Her research interests include feminist analyses of the work experiences of women with chronic illness and health care access for immigrant and minority group women. Nancy Davis Lewis is Associate Dean of Social Sciences and Professor of Geography at the University of Hawaii. Her research explores a wide range of health issues from human ecology to the health transition. Sara McLafferty is Professor of Geography at Hunter College of the City University of New York. Her research has explored geographic inequalities in health and access to health care in cities and the use of spatial analysis methods in examining these issues. Routledge international studies of women and place Series editors: Janet Henshall Momsen and Janice Monk 1 Gender, Migration and Domestic Service Edited by Janet Henshall Momsen 2 Gender Politics in the Asia-Pacific Edited by Brenda S. A. Yeoh, Peggy Teo and Shirlena Huang 3 Geographies of Women’s Health Edited by Isabel Dyck, Nancy Davis Lewis and Sara McLafferty 4 Gender, Migration and the Dual Career Household Irene Hardill Also available from Routledge: Full Circles: Geographies of Women over the Life Course Edited by Cindi Katz and Janet Monk ‘Viva’: Women and Popular Protest in Latin America Edited by Sarah A Radcliffe and Sallie Westwood Different Places, Different Voices: Gender and Development in Africa, Asia and Latin America Edited by Janet Momsen and Vivian Kinnaird Servicing the Middle Classes: Class, Gender and Waged Domestic Labour in Contemporary Britain Nicky Gregson and Michelle Lowe Women’s Voices from the Rainforest Janet Gabriel Townsend Gender, Work and Space Susan Hanson and Geraldine Pratt Women and the Israeli Occupation Edited by Tamar Mayer Feminism / Postmodernism / Development Edited by Marianne H. Marchand and Jane L. Parpart Women of the European Union: The Politics of Work and Daily Life Edited by Janice Monk and Maria Dolors Garcia-Raomon Who Will Mind the Baby? Geographies of Childcare and Working Mothers Edited by Kim England Feminist Political Ecology: Global Issues and Local Experience Edited by Dianne Rocheleau, Esther Wangari and Barbara Thomas-Slayter Women Divided: Gender, Religion and Politics in Northern Ireland Rosemary Sales Women’s Lifeworlds: Women’s Narratives on Shaping their Realities Edited by Edith Sizoo Gender, Planning and Human Rights Edited by Tovi Fenster Gender, Ethnicity and Place: Women and Identity in Guyana Linda Peake and D. Alissa Trotz Geographies of Women’s Health Edited by Isabel Dyck, Nancy Davis Lewis, and Sara McLafferty London and New York First published 2001 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2001. Selection and editorial matter © 2001 Isabel Dyck, Nancy Davis Lewis, and Sara McLafferty; individual chapters © the contributors All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Geographies of women’s health/edited by Isabel Dyck, Nancy Davis Lewis, and Sara McLafferty. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Women—Health and hygiene—Cross-cultural studies. 2. Women—Medical care—Cross-cultural studies. 3. Medical geography. 4. World health—Case studies. I. Dyck, Isabel. II. Lewis, Nancy, 1946– III. McLafferty, Sara, 1951– RA564.85 .G47 2000 614.4′2′082—dc21 00–045838 ISBN 0–415–23607–X (Print Edition) ISBN 0-203-18602-8 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-18725-3 (Glassbook Format) Contents List of illustrations viii Notes on contributors x Acknowledgments xv 1 Why geographies of women’s health? 1 ISABEL DYCK, NANCY DAVIS LEWIS, AND SARA MCLAFFERTY PART I Globalization, structural change, and political realignment: implications for women’s health 21 2 Women’s health in Europe: beyond epidemiology? 23 CAROL THOMAS AND JAN RIGBY 3 Scales of justice: women, equity, and HIV in East Africa 41 SUSAN CRADDOCK 4 Women workers and the regulation of health and safety on the industrial periphery: the case of Northern Thailand 61 JIM GLASSMAN 5 Looking back, looking around, looking forward: a woman’s right to choose 88 PATRICIA GOBER AND MARK W. ROSENBERG vi Contents PART II Providing and gaining access to health care: local areas and networks 105 6 Home care restructuring at work: the impact of policy transformation on women’s labor 107 ALLISON WILLIAMS 7 “Thank God she’s not sick”: health and disciplinary practice among Salvadoran women in northern New Jersey 127 CAROLINE KERNER, ADRIAN J. BAILEY, ALISON MOUNTZ, INES MIYARES, AND RICHARD A. WRIGHT 8 Babies and borderlands: factors that influence Sonoran women’s decision to seek prenatal care in southern Arizona 143 CYNTHIA POPE 9 Differing access to social networks: rural and urban women in India with reproductive tract infections and sexually transmitted diseases 159 SUPRABHA (SUE) TRIPATHI 10 Walking the talk: research partnerships in women’s business in Australia 177 LENORE MANDERSON, MAUREEN KIRK, AND ELIZABETH HOBAN PART III Embodied health and illness, perceptions, and place 195 11 “The baby is turning”: child-bearing in Wanigela, Oro Province, Papua New Guinea 197 YVONNE UNDERHILL-SEM 12 Fear and trembling in the mall: women, agoraphobia, and body boundaries 213 JOYCE DAVIDSON 13 Material bodies precariously positioned: women embodying chronic illness in the workplace 231 PAMELA MOSS AND ISABEL DYCK Contents vii 14 The beauty of health: locating young women’s health and appearance 248 ANDREA LITVA, KAY PEGGS, AND GRAHAM MOON 15 Women in their place: gender and perceptions of neighborhoods and health in the West of Scotland 265 ANNE ELLAWAY AND SALLY MACINTYRE Index 282 Illustrations Figures 2.1 Standardized mortality rates for ischaemic heart disease, all women 29 2.2 Standardized mortality rates for breast cancer, all women 30 2.3 Percentage of women smoking alongside standardized mortality rates from cancers of the respiratory system, 1992 31 2.4 Self-perceived health status of women aged 15 and over, 1996 34 2.5 Self-perceived health status of women aged 65–74, and 75 and over, 1996 35 4.1 Map of Thailand 63 4.2 Death rates for major cause groups, whole kingdom, 1957–95 69 4.3 Death rates for major causes of mortality, whole kingdom, 1980–95 70 4.4 Rate of fatal occupational injuries, by country, 1986–95 72 4.5 Occupational injury rate, by country, 1986–95 73 5.1 Abortion ratios (abortions per 100 live births) in the United States and Canada 91 5.2 Annual therapeutic abortions to Canadian residents by location 93 5.3 Incidents of violence and disruption at US abortion clinics 97 6.1 The home care occupational hierarchy 110 9.1 Faridabad, Haora, North Arcot-Ambedkar, and Pune districts, India 164 9.2 Social networks used by women for RTIs and STDs in Faridabad and Haora, India 168 Illustrations ix Tables 2.1 Percentage of women aged 15 and over with disability due to long-standing illness 28 2.2 Reproductive statistics for Member States 33 2.3 Development indices 33 4.1 AIDS and workplace accident mortality, Thailand and Chiang Mai-Lamphun, 1984–96 74 5.1 Hospital and freestanding abortion clinics in Canada, 1998 99 6.1 Demographic characteristics of questionnaire survey respondents 114 6.2 Exploratory factor analysis results for work life item loadings on obliquely rotated factors 116 6.3 Differences between groups for working life items 117 9.1 Types of qualitative research methods used 163 9.2 Kin and belief systems used by
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