1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8257 Cleveland Lewis Puckette II Thomas Arthur Francis Contl Leo Weber Smith II Ernest Leroy Pyle John Bailey Cook Willis Aaron Smith, Jr. Harold Wayne Reed James Franklin Corcoran Terry Dale Snyder James William Reynolds Francis Brian Crowley III W. John Soper Leonard Farnsworth Reynolds Bruce Bradley Davenport William Scott Stambaugh Arthur Kenneth Ridley Harold Augustus Davenport III Larry Wendell Sutherland Victor Merrick Ripley Thomas Hayden Davies, Jr. Lawrence Robert Tharp Maurice Keith Robinson, Jr. Charles Hamilton Davis IV John Francis Tierney Peter Stevan Roder Arvid Spencer Doucette Robert Edward Tierney Thomas Bell Rosser III Michael Joseph Dugan Edward Julius Timberlake III Shannon Pierce Rowton Jerome Dunn Stanley Clarence Toney James Hyland Ryan William Harrison Dunning Peter Burns Trainor, Jr. Byron Schriver, Jr. Gary Gene Durkee Clifford Bruce Trott Albert Phillips Simpson Robert Francis Durkin David Campbell Turner William Albert Simpson Donald Raymond Edwards William Keppel Votruba Alvin Venable Skiles III Bradfield Fellowes Eliot James Richard Wade Alexander Richard Slafkosk~ George Edward Ellis Ri~hard Eugene Warner George Marlin Sloan Leland Gilbert Fay Wayne Arthur Weiss Richard Leroy Slyder John Charles Galen Donald Joseph Welch Roger Waite!" Stallkamp Henry Pratt G~rciner Harold Jerry Mac Willlams Francis Harbert Statton Donald Richard Garrett Francis Milton Wright, Jr. Walter Frank Strybel Lee Arthur Gaughan Daniel Joseph Yarr Joseph Lawrence Sutman, Jr. Ernest Frank Geipel Peter James Young Whitmel Blount Swain Roger Charles Gietzen William Maxwell Young Samuel Howell Swart, Jr. Robert Lawrence Grete Samuel Anthony Taylor Frank Joseph Guenther •• .... I I Randolph Manchester Teague Wayne Donald Hagberg -;., Thomas 'rheohary Jack Lloyd Halsey HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Russell Albert Thorn, Jr. Raymond Francis Hanson Roy Robert Thomas Charles Clark Hansult WEDNESDAY, MAY 7, 1958 Robert Allen Thornton Ernest Frederick Hasselbrink Richard Lloyd Tillman David Alan Hettinger The House met at 12 o'clock noon. Don Robert Timmer Jerry Noel Hgblit James Charles Tipton qroes Edwin· Jenison The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp, Lewis Franklin Todd Daniel Leon Johnson D. D., offered the following prayer: . Laurence Albert Trudeau Richard Sherwin Johnson­ II Thessalonians 3: 13: But ye, breth­ Michael George Tulley, Jr. Michael Stratton Jones ren, be not weary in well doing. Russell Elias Vreeland, Jr. William John Kelley Clifford Neil Wade, Jr. Hugh David Kevin Eternal God, our Father, help us dur­ Sinkler Warley, Jr. Robert Leroy Kirtley ing this day to appreciate and under­ John Ingersoll Wash burn . George Octave Klotzba~h stand more fully the wonder of Thy George LeRoy Watts · Josef Conrad Krankel grace and goodness . . Stephen Wawak,·Jr. John Michaet"Kubiak Thy love and mercy are like the sun­ James Gordon Weatherson Ernest Robert 'Lenart, Jr. shine and the rain, falling on the just John Thomas Wells, Jr. David William Livingston and the unjust in impartial benediction. Jean Ray Whittenberg Lawrence Lonero Edward Frank Williams · Edward John Lucci May we be partners with one another Robert John Wilson III William Preble Marshall in our quest of the more abundant life John Herbert Witzmann Robert Ignatius McCann and in bringing its blessings to all man­ William Arthur Wolff Donald Joseph McCullough kind. Scott Alford Woods Joeeph Daniel McElroy Give us calm and courageous hearts David Latham Wright John Hancock McKillop as we strive to build Thy kingdom of Wilbur Dorris Wright Richard Henry McManigell truth and righteousness on earth. Richard Allan Yoder Robert Wolcott Meals, Jr. Frank Kenneth Zemlicka William Christopher Melnik Hear us for the sake of our blessed Daniel Harry Ziegler Arthur Wilbur Meyer Lord. Amen. Burton Tenney Miller, Jr. The Journal of the proceedings of The following-named cadets, United States Charles Wesley Mitchell Military Academy, for appointment in the George Bernard Mitchell yesterday was read and approved. Regular Air F.orce, in the grade of second lieu­ Norman Herbert Monson tenant, effective upon their graduation, un­ Merwin Lamphrey Morrill MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE der the provisions of section 203 (e), Public Robert Lewis Tony Munger Law 737, 84th Congress (Armed Forces Regu­ Charles August Normington A message from the Senate, by Mr. lar Officer Augmentation Act of 1956). Date Robert Eugene Olson McGown, one of its clerks, announced of rank to be determined by the Secretary Richard Duane Osborn that the Senate agrees to the amend­ of the Air Force: Walter Mead Patterson III ment of the House to a bill of the Senate John Billy Abernathy Franklin Palmer Phillips of the following title: Larry Kenneth Asbury Glenn Kennon Phillips S. 3050. An act to increase the equipment James Henry Curtis Ballard Charles Bernard Porciello Robert Thomas Barker maintenance allowance for rural carriers, Richard Reese Price and for other purposes. Walter James Barnes Louis Joseph Prime, Jr. Richard Swinney Beyea, Jr. Jerome Francis Prochaska William Nourse Bicher Charles William Profilet PRICE SUPPORT FOR THE 1958 AND Henry Edmund Bielinski, Jr. Robert William Puff James Clarence Bishop, Jr. Phillip Harry Raign SUB$EQUENT CROPS OF EXTRA­ Charles Wilson Bond Robert Edward Regut LONG-STAPLE COTTON Olen Aubry Brown, Jr. Paul Gordon Rice, Jr. The SPEAKER. The Chair recog­ William Farnham Brown George Sadtler Robertson III Richard John Buckalew James Lawrence Rossetto nizes the gentleman from Arkansas [Mr. Jack Peter Bujalski Gerald Thomas Rudolph GATHINGS]. Charles Pearre Cabell, Jr. .J;>aul Gordon Ruud Mr. GATHINGS. . Mr. Speaker, I ask Bernard Rogers Card James Martin Ryan unanimous consent for the immediate Sammy Howard Cardwell John Frederic Schaefer consideration of the bill H. R. 11399, re­ Nicholas Thomas Carlson Frederick John Schluter lating to price support for the 1958 and Daniel Edward Carter John Gaspard Schroeder subsequent crops of extra-long-staple Thomas Francis Cartwright Reginald Frederick Seiler, Jr. cotton. · James William Chapman II Dennis Paul Sharon Alan Carleton Chase Leo Edward Sheehan, Jr. The Clerk read the title of the bill. Theodore Eugene Childress Robert Theodore Shellenberger, Jr. The SPEAKER. Is tl).ere objection to Thomas Hall Claffey William Walter Shely, Jr. the request of the gentleman from Ar­ Kenneth Woodyard Clark II Stanley Allen Slater kansas? Richard Keith Clements Frank Mathias Smith There was no objection. 8258 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 7 The Clerk read the bill, as follows: "lifted himself by his own bootstraps" in have either increased or are holding a Be it enacted, etc., That section 101 (f) of that he has developed his own market, relative level position. the Agricultural Act of 1949, as amended, and has taken all the steps he can to in­ In my judgment, this liberalized de­ is amended by striking' from the first sen­ sure that the price of his product is com­ preciation treatment with its implica­ tence the words "shall be the same per­ petitive. tions of more realistic capital recovery cent of the parity price as tor the 1956 The manner in which the Supima As­ would serve to significantly strengthen crop" and substituting in Jieu therefor the sociation and the individual growers of the one segment of our economy that following: "shall not exceed the same per­ loug staple have gone about developing has demonstrated a declining influence. cent of the parity price as for the 1956 crop Enactment of this bill will provide and shall be determined after consideration their industry commands our respect and of the factors specified in section 401 (b) admiration, as being in the best tradi­ increased job opportunities for Ameri­ and the price levels for similar qualities of tion of American free enterprise. can workers; job opportunities that cotton produced outside the United States: would not only mean more jobs but Provided, That such level of price support better jobs based on increased produc­ shall be not less than 60 percent of the COMMITTEE ON RULES tivity; increased payrolls that would re­ parity price." Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Speaker, I ask sult from the effectiveness of this legis­ The bill was ordered to be engrossed unanimous consent that the Committee lation would strengthen the balance and read a third time, was read the third on Rules may have until midnight to­ between increased consumer spending time, and passed, and a motion to !e­ night to file certain privileged resolu­ and increased industrial productivity. consider was laid on the table. tions. It was clearly proven in the tax re­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to vision hearings before our committee the request of the gentleman from early this year that an urgent need has SUPPORT PRICE FOR LONG-STAPLE "'v.tissouri? long existed in our Federal tax struc­ COTTON There was no objection. ture for a more adequate recognition­ Mr. RHODES of Arizona. Mr. of the essentiality of introducing prac­ Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ·ex­ tical realism in the tax methods where­ tend my remarks at this point in the INTERNAL REVENUE CODE OF 1954 by we allow farmers, self-employed in­ RECORD. Mr. BAKER. Mr. Speaker, I ask dividuals, small-business men and other The SPEAKER. Is there objection to unanimous consent to address the House investors to recover the cost of capital the request of the gentleman from for 1 minute and to revise and extend asset acquisition.- Arizona? myremarks. • The scientific and technological prog­ There was no objection. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to ress in our .free enterprise system can Mr. RHODES of Arizona. Mr. Speak­ the request of th"e gentleman from be m eaningless or at best limited in its er, I wish to express my appreciation to Tennessee? benefits if such progress is not readily the gentleman from Arkansas [Mr. There was no objection. attainable by all our producers. Appli­ GATHINGS], the gentleman from Okla­ Mr BAKER. Mr. Speaker, I have to­ cation of these improved production homa [Mr. BELCHER], and the members day introduced a bill to liberalize the techniques will not only assure a better of the Cotton Subcommittee of the great depreciation provisions of the Internal life for every American, but would in Committee on Agriculture for taking Revenue Code of 1954. The liberaliza­ addition guarantee our productive pre­ action to help the long-staple cotton tion would be a permanent change in eminence over Communist imperialism. producers meet competition from foreign our Federal tax structure and would I urge careful and early consideration growers and from synthetic fibers. provide that with respect to new capital of this proposal to conform existing de­ Last year a bill passed the House and assets acquired after May 5, 1958, the preciation practices to the realities of Senate freezing the support of long­ depreciation period would be equal to our present day economy by the Com­ staple cotton at the level for the 1956 one-half of the useful life of the new mittee on Ways and Means and by the crop, which was 75 percent of parity. property. House of Representatives. However, the application of the parity If enacted into law, this bill would formula has caused the support price on bring about a deferment of tax liability STORY OF FREE ENTERPRISE long-staple cotton t(} advance, and the as a consequence of stepped-up depreci­ resultant increase in price has been det­ ation of deductions of an estimated $1.5 Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, - I ask rimental to -the long-staple growers. billion in the first full year that the unanimous ·consent to address the House This bill allows the Secretary of Agricul­ bill was effective. for 1 minute and to revise and extend ture to set the price support at between This tax deferment will not result in my remarks. 60 and 75 percent of parity for long­ a revenue loss because the tax deferment The SPEAKER. Is there objection to staple cotton. with respect to an asset would termi­ the request of the gentleman from Long-staple cotton is the most versa­ nate as soon as the cost of acquisition Texas? tile natural fiber. It has great strength: has been recovered. This proposal is of There was no objection. but it also has the quality required for potential benefit to 8 million taxpayers, Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, back dur­ the manufacture of fine fabrics. Much including individuals, sole proprietor­ ing the last war we all smiled over sto­ long-staple cotton is grown in Egypt and ships, partnerships, and corporations. ries about the good dowagers who, after some is grown in Central America. It would stimulate the buying of a completing a study course in first aid, Some long staple has been grown in the tremendous amount of machinery and could hardly wait for a nasty accident to United States, particularly in the irri­ equipment and consequently the manu­ happen. Anyone within their reach who gated areas of New Mexico, Arizona, and facturing of a tremendous amount of suffered a cut finger was apt to wind up California for many years. Recently, machinery and equipment resulting in with his arm in a sling. the growers have organized themselves a great stimulus to business and pro- Human foibles of this sort may be into the Supima Association aimed at duction. · patiently borne, for there is no harm promoting the use of domestic long­ It would apply to ev-eryone who -uses done anyone and the eager benefactress staple cotton. The efforts of the asso­ capitalized equipment. It would mod­ may feel herself a veritable Florence ciation have been so successful that last ernize plants and factories by reason Nightingale. year it was necessary to release some of the installation of new and modern It's like the story they used to tell long-staple cotton from the strategic machinery and equipment. The pres­ about Winston · Churchill. Strolling stockpile in order to meet the demands ent downward adjustment in the level of through Hyde Park shortly after his re­ of customers. economic activity is one of the reasons turn from the Boer War, he came upon The future of this segment of Ameri­ that prompted me to introduce this bill. a wild-eyed demagog haranguing a can agriculture is bright; if the price of Of the three principal segments in our listless and scarcely interested group, the product can be held down to a point economy, business expenditures comprise and denouncing the Queen in the strong­ that is competitive with producers in the only segment that has shown a de­ est terms. A policeman was standing other countries, and with synthetic preciable decline. The other two princi­ nearby calmly observing the scene, and fibers. I think it is worthy of note that pal segments, namely governmental ex­ Churchill asked him indignantly why the growers of long -staple cotton has penditures and consumer expenditures, the speaker hadn't been arrested. ''Well, 1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8259 sir," replied the bobby, ''I figure it this This is compared to 7.9 pounds in 19.56,_ of the Interior, Fred A. -SeatQn, deliver way. Wot· he's sayin' ain't 'urtin' 'er any 7.3 pounds in 1955, the 1935-39 average an excellent address before· a meeting of and it may be doing 'im a lot of good." of 8.8 pounds, and the 1947-49 average of the National Wildlife Federation at the. Our first aid devotee would become 6.7 pounds. While still low in compari­ Statler Hotel in St. Louis. During this dangerous only if she attempted to ad­ son with many other foods, the fact that address, Secretary Seaton pointed out minister potent drugs or internal medi­ per capita bean consumption in each of that demands on recreational and wild­ cine. Heaven forbid she should attempt the last 3 years is above the 1947-49 life resources are growing with incredible major surgery. Even the Hyde Park average is encouraging. The fact that intensity. The statistics which he re­ haranguer must be curbed ·short of beans are high in protein and low in fat cited were quite significant. He indicated fomenting actual rebellion. content makes them desirable in the that the cities, roadways and industrial So it is today. We can be tolerant of modern diet and should encourage plants are taking about 1 million acres those who would treat our economic cut greater consumption. a year or an area larger than ·the State finger as a mortal wound, particularly in No official · estimate is made of 1958 of Rhode Island. This coupled with the this election year. But let us restrain consumption levels, but bean trade peo­ fantastic population growth of our coun­ them short of drastic surgery, for the ple generally indicate that sales of both try which indicates that by 1968 it may patient is recovering quite nicely, thank canned and dry beans are up over last exceed 200 million emphasizes the neces­ you. year, indicating greater domestic con­ sity for long-range plans for the develop­ sumption. The combined economy and ment and preservation of our natural flavorful nutrition of beans in the face resources. It is encouraging to note that MICHIGAN BE~N SOUP of generally rising food costs in the mid­ since 1953 the Government has added !Jr. BENTLEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask dle of a r.ecession is a strong sales factor almost 50,000 acres to the Federal wild­ unanimous consent to address the House in favor of beans. life refuges as part of the effort to meet for 1 minute and to revise and extend I seem to recall that a couple of years future needs. Secretary Seaton indi­ my remarks. ago when, through the courtesy of the cated that the Department of Interior is The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Michigan Bean Shippers' Association, all investing nearly $57 million in ·sport fish­ the request of the gentleman from Members of the House were furnished eries and wildlife programs this year Michigan? with ~ 2-pound bag of No. 1 Michigan which amounts to about a 60-percent in­ There was no objection. white beans, such as used in our bean crease over the amount spent in 1953 for Mr. BENTLEY. Mr. Speaker, it is soup, the enthusiastic response was over­ similar purposes. my pleasure to announce to the member­ whelming. It, therefore, amused me a The Department of Interior has ap­ shi.;> of the House that tomorrow, May 8, few months ago to learn of some upstart proved the amendments which are con­ the Michigan Bean Shippers Association efforts to substitute potato soup, even tained in this bill. In its report to the and the Michigan department of agri­ though potatoes are another one of the Committee on Merchant Marine and culture are providing free bean soup in crops for which Michigan is justly famed. Fisheries, the Department stated that the House restaurant for all Members of Since reverence for things of tradition these proposals are very much in the the .House as well as the members of the is a well-known characteristic of the public interest. This bill will provide press. The same thing is being done for House of Representatives, such upstart for more effective integration of a fish the. other body on the same day. efforts were properly rejected by an over­ and wildlife conservation program with These actions are being taken in con­ whelming majority of interested persons. . Federal water-resource ·· developments. nection with the present week wh~ch is I am confident that Michigan bean soup It will establish clearly the authority of designated as Michigan Week, May 4 will continue to occupy its place of prom­ project construction agencies to provide through 10, and sponsore.d by Greater inence in the diet of the House for many, for the enhancement of fish and wildlife Michigan, Inc., and the Michigan Eco­ many years to come. It is, therefore, resources as an integral part of water nomic Development Commission. Sev­ only fitting that in celebration of Mich-· project development. It will also con­ eral activities in Washington have been igan Week, Members of the House are tinue and strengthen the present au­ and are planned for this week under the invited to enjoy tomorrow all the bean thority of these agencies to provide for chairmanship of the gentleman from soup they are capable of consuming. the mitigation of damage to these im­ Michigan [Mr. FoRD] in~luding a visit of portant resources. the Michigan apple, bean, cherry and This bill if implemented by legislation dairy queens on Friday, May 9. Since BILL TO IMPROVE OUR RECREA­ will further the following purposes, to I . ~m discussing beans, I ·am glad to an­ TIONAL AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES wit: nounce that Michigan's bean queen, Miss Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. Mr. First. Provide authority for the with­ Judy ·Lonsway, of Freeland, Mich., Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ex­ drawal of public lands to provide areas is from my own Congression~l District. tend my remarks at this point in the -for fishing purposes-present law con­ Michigan beans, as found in our his­ REC.ORD. tains such authority for hunting pur­ toric bean soup in the Hou~e restaurant, The SPEAKER. Is there objection to poses. The proposed amendment would is a commodity well known to all Mem­ the request of the gentleman from also provide for the development of ac­ bers of the House through the recipe Missouri? . cess to hunting and fishing areas over printed on the back portion of the House There was no objection. public lands. restaurant menu. I should mention that Mr. CURTIS of Misso.uri. Mr. Speak­ Second. Authorize the acceptance of it is the only commodity in the House er, I have introduced today a bill de­ donations of land and· contribution of menu which is identified by the State signed to amend the first four sections of funds for furtherance of the purposes of its origin. All of us from Michigan the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of this act. are extremely proud of this State prod­ of March .10, 1934, as amended -bY the Third. Clarify the application of the uct in which we lead the entire Nation. act of August 14, 1946 (60 Stat. 1080). act to navigation and dredging projects, For example, in 1957 Michigan produced It also contains the addition of a related whether these are undertaken by the 3,526,000 bags of Navy

Fifth. Make the act clearly applicable of a :fish and wildlife conservation pro­ The ~PE~KER. Is there objection to to previously' authorized projects' pro­ gram with Federal water-resource devel­ the request of the gentleman from vided that the construction of these proj­ opments for the fuller enjoyment of our Texas? ects is not substantially completed. natural resources by all our citizens. There was no objection. . Sixth. Simplify the procedures under Mr. THOMAS. Mr. Speaker, I marvel which Federal project lands, that are at the unlimited capacity for work that found to be valuable for the national IRRESPONSIBLE GOSSIP the gentleman from Missouri, Chairman migratory bird program, can be assigned Mr. BECKER. Mr. Speaker, I ask CANNoN; exhibits every day. It is almost to state fish and game departments for unanimous consent to addr,ess the House unbelievable when we see him person­ management. for 1 minute and to revise and extend ally conducting hearings of one of the Seventh. Amend the Watershed Pro­ my remarks. most difficult and important, subcommit­ tection and Flood Prevention Act <68 The SPEAKER. Is there objection to tees. His zest for work and his ability Stat. 666,70 Stat. 1088) to provide for the the request of the gentleman froJn...New increase daily. application of the principles of the Wild­ York? He sits, day after day, directing those life Coordination Act to the small water­ There was no objection. minute examinations on public works shed program, while leaving full control Mr. BECKER. Mr. Speaker, 2 weeks and many other tedious but highly im­ of the program with local groups in the ago I charged on the floor of the House portant items. In addition, he keeps his Secretary of Agriculture. that the Democrats were trying to create hands on practically every detail of the In discussing the present Coordination confusion and hysteria in the minds of entire Federal budget. . Act and the measures necessary to make the American people by misstatements, The House of Representatives owes it ari effective act, the Department of mistruths, and distortions. A former him a great debt of gratitude for the Interior has emphasized that this act President was forced to apologize for one very fine work he does. Certainly, the has proved to be "of great benefit to the that he had made. people of the great State of Missouri, Nation in protecting and preserving our I listened to Paul Butler, the Democrat and the Ninth District of Missouri he fish and wildlife resources; however, in national chairman, Monday night on has represented so ably and long, are carrying out our responsibilities under television, and heard him predict that just as proud of him as all of us are, the act, we find that there is need for the President of the United States would in the House of Representatives. improvement in it. This view is shared resign after the November elections. I by all of. the State governors, whose charge that Paul Butler, if he is not the fish and game departments also have author of this gossip, has caused it to HOW ABOUT A PROGRAM TO GET opportunities for conservation activities spread; that Paul Butler is fanning the INCOMES UP AND PRICES DOWN? under the act. Also the national con­ flames in order to keep the smoke going, Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, I ask servation organizations and commercial Nobody can say that President Eisen­ unanimous consent to address the House fishing interests for several years have hower is going to resign in November. I for 1 minute and to revise and extend my strongly urged the strengthening of the predict also that Paul Butler will be remarks. act." forced to apologize, before the end of the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to A real appreciation of the necessity for year, to the American people, for that the request of the gentleman from these important amendments, as con­ misstatement-or call it what you will. Wisconsin? tained in this bill, to this act is shored There was no objection. up by some very· revealing statistics con­ Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, the May 6 tained in a report published by the THE AMERICAN PAVILION AT THE BRUSSELS FAIR Wall Street Journal .carries a story Department of the Interior early in Feb­ which makes clear, by a nationwide ruary of last year. This report indicates Mr. CANFIELD. Mr. Speaker, I ask series of interviews, that the current re­ that approximately 25 million persons, unanimous consent to address the House cession is caused by consumers' failure 12 years of age or over, hunted or fished for 1 minute and to revise and extend to buy, and that their failure to buy is in 1955. This is 1 out of every 5 in that my remarks. not due to lack of advertising and selling age group. These people spend approx­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to e1Iort by business, as President Eisen­ imately $3 billion, conservatively esti­ the request of the gentleman from New hower seems to suggest, but to spendable mated, in their hunting and fishing activ­ Jersey? income that is too low and prices that ities. I believe these statistics help us to There was no objection. are too high. better understand the great significance Mr. CANFIELD. Mr. Speaker, Steve These are exactly my own findings, of fish and wildlife resources in our Hess is an American GI with our Army and I am delighted to include the entire economy and the life of our Nation. forces in Heidelberg, Germany. Recent­ article: Congress bas given increased recog­ ly Steve had a furlough and made a trip nition to the fish and wildlife resources to Belgium to attend the Brussels Fair. CONTRARY CONSUMERS-"BUY Now" DRIVES DON'T INFLUENCE THEM THOUGH THEIR of this country through enactment of Inasmuch as there has been much dis­ DESmES ARE MANY-THEY TALK OF HIGH the Fish and Wildlife Act of August -cussion in the press of our country and PRICES, LACK OF CASH; UNCERTAINTY LEADS 8, 1956 (70 Stat. 1119). This legis­ also on the floor of this House regarding MANY To SHUN DEBT-"lT'S A GOOD TIME lation enhanced the position of :fish and the relative merits and demerits of the To SAVE" wildlife activities in the Federal Gov­ American and Russian pavilions at this A little more spending money and a lot ernment and incorporated a declaration fair, I wish to read a postal card sent me more price- reductions would spur consumer -of policy by the Congress noting the im­ by Steve Hess, dated just a few days ·ago, spending more than all the earnest cam­ portance of fish and wildlife resources to Steve says this: · paigning by industry and Government to get the national economy and food supply Americans to buy now. The American pavilion is quite impressive. Who says so? Consumers, who've got their into the health, recreation, and well-be­ Has the Russian building, which looks like a eyes on all kinds of goods, from autos and ing of our citizens. The act also stressed glass factory, beat by a mile. the need to maintain and increase these hi-fi sets to homes and new. summer suits. Steve Hess majored in political science In the past few days, Wall Street Journal .resources through proper development l'eporters talked with housewives, young and management. Congress directed the at Johns Hopkins University. He is a married folks, retired people, farmers, cor­ Secretary of the Interior, among other serious-minded researcher of the Ameri­ porate executives and factory workers in things, to take such steps as may be re­ can scene. His appraisal of what he saw widely scattered parts of the country. They quired for the development of manage­ at Brussels pleases me, and should be found almost all had a hankering to buy ment, advancement, conservation and reassuring to those who may have had one or more major items; there was little doubts. evidence consumer buying desires had been protection of the fisheries and wildlife saturated by the post-war spending splurge, resources, and to make such recommen­ a theory advanced by some economists to .dations for additional legislation as THE HONORABLE CLARENCE explain the recession. deemed necess~ry. The amendments CANNON But only a few of those interviewed were contained in this bill are certainly con­ actually planning to purchase goods now or Mr. THOMAS. Mr. Speaker, I . ask .in the next couple of months. Most com­ sonant with Congressional policy, and unanimous consent to extend my re­ monly given reasons: Too high prices, lack will provide for more effective integration marks at this point in the RECORD •. of ready cash, and an unwillingness, despite 1958. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-·. HOUSE 8261 the many buy-now c:blves, to dtp Jnto sav­ ONLY FROM NECESSITY Many consumers Indicate they're ln no ings or go into debt-even 1f this spending 'l'ake .John Willis, a young Gulf Oil Corp. mood to take on new installment purchases might have some beneficial e1Iect on the engineer in St. Louis who's getting married now because they're already carrying heavy Nation's economy. 1n August. He's in the market for a com­ debts. · "WE'RE POSTPONING,. plete set of household goods and appliances A 3.3-year-old salesman of photographic "Personally," says Leslie Biebl, tall sandy­ "'but I'm not going to buy at present prices and art supplies in Cleveland says he and haired program director of Radio Station unless I'm forced to. I'll buy only from his Wife have put o1I buying about $500 worth WHK in Cleveland, "I feel one of the big ·necessity." of furniture. "You know," he explains, "we owe more than $2,000 on our car, appliance, causes of our economic trouble right now is A -high-ranking Federal official in Con­ that people have been pushed into buying necticut declares: "I've put o1I buying a and other furniture. We even owe some of our relatives." He figures it may be more what they're not financially ready for." Mr. new car because they're overpriced." John Schwaig, a 38-year-old sales engineer than a year before he gets back into the Biebl says his family wants to buy a hi-fi market again. set "but we're postponing it until we feel we for a manufact~rers' repres~ntative in Cleve­ can handle it without going into debt or land, says he's putting o1I buying a house and Joe Neiser, an advertising man in Chula our savings, possibly later this year." a second car. ''I think Detroit is going to Vista, Calif., says he's still paying o1I last · A Dallas utility employee says he's holding have to lower its prices this summer," says year's purchases. But when the payments off buying a dining-room suite which he had Mr. Schwaig, "and I think home prices also are finished, he adds, he expects to buy a tentatively planned to purchase this month. will come down within 6 mon'ths." car to replace his present 8-year-old model. Now, he figures, it probably will be July or "We're hoping that prices wili drop so we Myron Messler, a Kansas City clerk, bought August before he buys it. "We just don't can buy some furniture," states a St. Louis a house 2 years ago and acquired other goods have the money," he explains. housewife, Mrs. Teresa Lenharth. "We're on credit. "It takes everything I make to Mrs. Mary Mahoney, a matron for the Hud­ also considering making porch repairs on keep up the payments," he says. "I'm not son & Manhattan Railroad in New York City, our home. If cars were cheaper," she says, worried about my job, but I don't see much tells a reporter she wants to buy a new re­ "we might consider buying a di1Ierent one." chance of a wage increase this year so I'm frigerator and more furniture "but I need Her present model: A 1950 Dodge. "People not buying anything else until I whittle some more money for a downpayment so I do without a lot of things because prices are down my obligations." won't go too heavily into debt." too high," she muses. Some 'folks, fresh out of debt, show no "I need a car badly but I don't have the One proposed route to lower prices, of inclination to take the plunge soon again. money to buy one," remarks John Wildt, a course, is removal or reduction of Federal Miss Alice Spence, Denver secretary, says Miami auto mechanic. David Rose, a bar­ excise taxes on cars, among other things. she "would like to spend about $500 on a TV ber in the same city, says he and :his wife Though sentiment for tax cuts to cope with set, a hi-fi, and a new top for my MG car." have put off buying costlier items. "I de­ the recession has diminished in Washington, But, she adds, "I guess I'll do without them pend heavily on tips," he observes, "and they reductions still haven't been written o1I. for a while. I like the feeling of having no just haven't been there the past year or so." Legislative talk of tax cuts very frequently monthly payments .too well." Mrs. Irene Goodman, a San Francisco sec­ includes reductions in excise, as well as per­ A beauty-shop operator in Bartlesville, retary, says she and her husband were talk­ sonal, levies. Okla., tells a newsman over a cup of co1Iee that she's putting o1I buying some new ing earlier this year about buying a new "BUY" BOOMERANG car and maybe making some home repairs. clothes, a washing machine, and other house­ "Now," she says, "we've decided it's a good President Eisenhower's call on consumers hold items mainly, she says, "because I'm to "buy," and the splurge of industry and just about out of debt and I don't care to time to save. Prices on everything are just community e1Iorts to induce greater con­ .too high and too unsettled." get back in again so deep." snmer spending fail to move, or impress, Norman Friedman, a San Francisco radio TAX CUTS? PUBLIC WORKS? many potential buyers. repairman, says he doesn't expect to make These comments are fairly representative "Eisenhower's plan is good," allows Ralph any major purchases this year. "I just fin­ of the reactions of some 300 consumers Wagner, an Erie, Pa., salesman, "if he would ished paying off my 1956 car and a living­ picked at random and asked about their just tell us where we get the money." room set,'' he notes. "What with all this ta~k spending plans. Their views might be well Frank Allebaugh, advertising account ex­ of recession, it just makes me feel good to be worth noting, for many economic trend ecutive in Denver, puts it this way: "When free of debt. I think I'll enjoy it for a watchers say the American consumer and the President says 'buy now,' it frankly while." his spending habits will determine in large scares the hell out of me. Ordinarily he This attitude toward installment debt is measure how long the recession continues isn't concerned whether I buy or not. When reflected in the faster pace at which con­ and how severe it becomes. Just last week, the President pleads for me to buy I imme­ sumers are paying off their bills and their the presidents of the 12 Federal Reserve diately conclude that things are a lot worse slowness in taking on new obligations. In­ banks told the Senate Finance Committee than I thought they were." stallment credit outstanding dropped by $180 prompt tax cuts and more public-works out­ Snaps Edith DeBlois, a Denver secretary: million in March, for the second straight lays would be indicated if consumer spend­ .. I don't pay any attention to this 'buy now' month of decline. At the same time, the ing is substantially curtailed. stu1I. Nobody tells me when to buy and amount of new installment credit extended, Spending on personal consumption in the when not to buy." after seasonal adjustments, amounted to $3,• first quarter of this year was running at an Observes Edgar E. Miller, a transplanted 193,000,000, down from February's $3,235,- annual rate of about $281 billion, estimates Tennessean who works as a Chicago bank 000,000, according to the Federal Reserve the President's Council &.f Economic Ad­ guard: "If a man's again' to buy, he's again' Board. Even so, total installment credit visers. This would be up from a rate of to buy. And he doesn't need any campaign." stood at a lofty $33 billion at the end of $276.7 billion in the initial quarter of 1957 What irks a good many consumers is that March, up nearly $1.5 billion from a year but down from the record $283.6 billion pace there's much talk by retailers and manu­ ~arlier. in the third quarter of last year and the facturers about price cutting-but seem­ In some cases, of course, consumers have $282.4 billion rate in the fourth quarter. ingly few actual. reductions. · slowed their spending because they're not Economists point out that figures for this working cr their job status is tenuous. ERSATZ "SALES" year's first quarter are buoyed up by price LIVING ROOM LETDOWN increases and that notable changes have Edward Stone, a civilian employee of the occurred in the pattern of spending, charac­ United States Navy's Public Works Depart­ "I had planned to buy a living room set terized mainly by an increase in spending ment in New York, says he's been shopping for my apartment," relates Miss Alberta on services and declines in outlays for the around for a washer and dryer and some­ Eason, a jobless 21-year-old Detroit girl, "but durable goods--autos, appliances, and such. times sees one "on. sale." But. he com­ there's no use making 2 or 3 payments and Many indiyiduals' earnings have been cut, plains, "Some of these so-called sales aren't then coming home one day and finding it of course, through layoffs, reductions in sales at all. They're nothing but attempts gone." overtime, and loss of sales commissions or to make things look startling without really R. E. Davidson, New York Central Rail­ bonuses. cutting prices. You can't believe what you road engineer, says in St. Louis he's been In many other cases where consumers are read anymore," he avers. "You've got to do kind of thinking about making a larger cutting their spending, however, it's not be­ comparison shopping." family room in his house and buying a hi­ cause they lack ready cash. Americans since A Dallas oil company employee voices a fl. But, says Mr. Davidson, job uncertainty the first of the year have been stashing away similar complaint. He says he had hoped to is restraining him. "If they drop any more savings at a swifter rate than a year ago. buy a new car early this year but then de­ passenger trains," he observes, "they might drop some engineers, too.'!.. Savings in mutual savings banks, for exam­ cided against it when his wife became preg­ ple, rose $719 million, or 2.2 percent, in the nant. After the various "you auto buy now"' "We sure wanted to get a new washer and first quarter, compared with a 1.4 percent campaigns started, he relates, "I went out to, dryer this year," remarked Mrs. Patricia rise a year earlier. check the price of the car I was interested Black in Portland, Oreg., "but I got laid o1I Prices clearly are deterring many folks in. But I found the price hadn't changed as a telephone company operator and my from buying what they say they want. Most any from the time I had asked earlier; husband is going to college. We'll just have hope they'll get better deals later on. so so- I concluded these car dealers aren't hurt­ to let it slide now until we get back on our they're holding o1I buying now. ing bad." feet." 8262' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE In many instances, short workweeks or after month when take-home pay is going 'ic analysis of ·Tom, Dick and Harry. loss of a second job has compelled workers. to down? I feel it is time for the Government Personal income · fell $3 billion in the throttle their spending. to step in. first' quarter of 1958. Spending on Two Detroit policemen, for example, say personal consumption in the first they have job security but the recession has T. 0. F., North 21st Street, Milwaukee: wiped out weekend jobs they formerly held. We think that Congress should stop argu­ quarter was at the annual rate of $281 One had planned to add a garage to' his ing about this depression and do something billion, down from $283.6 billion in the home; the other wants to turn his attic about it, not just tell people to buy now. third quarter of 1957, and $282.4 billion into another room. But both say now they We wish the people in Washington could in the fourth quarter. According to the cannot afford the renovations on their regu­ visit these employment offices and see the Bureau of the Census, 38.1 percent of lar salaries. men and women in line looking for work, our families had money income of less TRADING THE TV some almost in tears, telling each other than $4,000 in 1956. An omce clerk at Pittsburgh's Jones & their troubles. They are behind in payments Meanwhile, the cost of living index Laughlin Steel Corp. recounts that he and his on their home, cars, doctor bills. How do you think these people feel when they are has crept up constantly for the last 2 wife had planned to buy new living room years, and is today at an alltime high, furniture this spring and trade in the old told that the unemployment benefit of $38 television set. Then the company put many per week is finished, don't report next week. 23.3 percent above the 1947-1949 level. of its salaried workers on a 4-day week. There is no more. What is wrong with our While savings are at a high level over­ "You can't do that kind of spending on a American Government that strong able all, the composition of savings as be­ 4-day week," he says ruefully. bodies and willing people are asking for a tween individual families shows that Some people, nevertheless, insist the re­ small chance to perform some type of work savings by the great mass of consuming cession is having almost no effect on their but can·t·get it, but the cry in Washington is to go out and buy. With what? We wish families is low indeed. The most recent spending plans; they say they're not buying Federal Reserve Board statistics indi­ simply because there's nothing they think someone up there could tell us what is wrong with our leader. cate that 57 percent of our families have they need now. liquid asset holdings-United States Fairly typical is the comment of Owen E. M., North Third Street, Milwaukee: A. Knapp, Los Angeles insurance agent who Government bonds, checking accounts, has a wife and three youngsters. "We don't Would like to comment on the depression. savings accounts in banks, postal sav­ really need anything, and if we do buy any­ I can't understand why I and millions of ings, shares in savings and loan associa­ thing big, it will probably be a case of some other working people are out of work and tions and credit. unions-of less than sales idea intriguing my wife and her the cost of living keeps rising. Why? Couldn't there be a stop to the rise of cost $500. Twenty-five percent of our fami­ needling me about it." lies have no savings at all. Mrs. D. S. Bay, St. Louis housewife, recalls of living, or is everyone going crazy. And she and her husband, who works for an aero­ couldn't there be a stop to this recession. I Meanwhile, consumer debt is at an nautical mapmaking service,. spent about know the Government could if it wanted to. all-time high of $43 billion. $300 on carpeting and flooring last month What do you think? President Eisenhower, in advising peo­ and says she hasn't felt any necessity to re­ F. G., North 28th Street, Milwaukee: ple to buy more with money they do not strict her purchases because of high prices, have, and at prices they cannot afford or job and debt worries. I favor immediate action on continuance of unemployment compensation. This is to pay, is not doing his statutory duty "But I hate to make that remark," adds under the Employment Act of 1946 to Mrs. Bay, "because I said the same thing vital, not to me, but to the younger genera­ during the last depression, and about 2 or tion who created the most debts and are present a program for achieving maxi· 3 weeks later we began to feel it." the last to be hired. We need action and not · mum employment, production, and pur­ any more words or opinions. Let's not kid chasing power. MILWA UKEEANS AGREE ourselves about unemployment getting bet­ Mr. Speaker, the testimony of the ter. I worked at • • • for the past 17 years. A CORRECTIVE PROGRAM consuming public as given to the Wall We have never seen it so bad. The experts If the trouble with the economy is that Street Journal coincides with what my say the end is near. I think they are crazy. purchasing power is too low, and prices own constituents in the city of Mil­ They draw a weekly or monthly salary. They are too high, it suggests that the way can afford to be optimistic. They should to correct it is to get incomes up and waukee have been telling me. I have talk to those who are now getting county just completed my annual opinion ques­ relief instead of unemployment checks. prices down . . It is about time the admin­ tionnaire. More than 15,000 of the citi­ istration stopped fighting against, and zens I represent have taken the time to From a person signing his comment started fighting for, the following pro .. give me their views on the economic "American's Ideas": gram: state of the Nation. Hundreds and What we all want is action quickly on im­ First. Get incomes up. hundreds have written that insufficient portant issues. There's just too much stall­ (a) By moving to reduce income taxes income and high prices are what is ing, like on unemployment. I will say bring mainly in the lowest income bracket down prices at once; reduce taxes for the where the greatest possible percentage holding back the economy. For middle and low income people so that we example: may buy also. This is urgent, please. of the reduction will be currently spent. Mrs. R. S. M., North 28th Street, (b) By extenaing the duration, bene­ Milwaukee: Mrs. G., North Bremen Street, Mil· fits and coverage of unemployment in.. waukee: We think it is high time to stop this in­ surance, in a manner that will take effect flation. Prices on meat, soap, canned goods We in the lower class would sure be glad as quickly as possible. and foods and other commodities are con­ to see taxes drop right now, for things By an immediate increase in so­ stantly advancing. We retired people on couldn't be any worse for us. My husband cial security in amounts of benefits, and small pensions can hardly exist. has only one more year to work, and I don't know how we will live as we -couldn't' save in a reduction in the age at which one A. M., North 48th Street, Milwaukee: with nothing but hard luck. Taxes, taxes, becomes eligible to receive them. The country is surely in serious trouble. taxes on small measly wages, and doctor bills, (d) By an adequate pay raise for Fed· The President asks people to buy now. but the price of food beats it all. eral employees. With what? Thousands out of work, out of HEED TOM, DICK, AND HARRY REDUCING PRICES compensation too. You auto buy now, Second. Bring prices down: while the employers take advantage of the Mr. Speaker, the testimony of these recession to lay off as many as they can. hundreds of witnesses from the grass­ (a) By a vigorous antitrust law en­ roots seems to me a lot closer to the forcement at all levels. H. J. H., West Vliet Street, Mil­ mark than the supposedly hard-headed (b) By shifting from the administra­ waukee: opinions of such present architects of tion's farm program of flexible price sup­ When prices come down the public will our present economic policy as Presi­ ports and instead allowing food prices buy and build. They are refusing to pay dent Eisenhower, Secretary of the to find a level which consumers can af­ the crazy prices. That is the talk around Treasury Robert Anderson, and Secre­ ford to pay, meanwhile supporting the here. When we see a good price, we buy, tary of Agriculture Ezra Taft Benson. income of the family-sized farmer with otherwise we don't. For my money, the economics of Tom, direct production payments. o. E., North 25th Street, Milwaukee:· Dick and Harry make more sense than (c) By widespread reduction or elim­ With 5 million people out of work, I feel the economics of Ike, Bob, and Ezra. ination of excise taxes, coupled with firm it is about time we did something for our Every Economic Indicator that comes commitments by manufacturers and dis· c~untry. Furthermore, can you explain to me as a member of the Joint Eco­ tributors to pass on such reductions to v; ny our prices should be going up month nomic Committee bears out the econom- consumers. 1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE (d) By &ppointing a public agency to stituents, along with many other people, policy for averting war-, we have to re­ study and make public recommenda­ are much concerned about the direc­ main strong. We must deal from tions, which may then be accepted or tion -of our nuclear weapons policies. strength. The questions are how much rejected, concerning the justification for Many of us have stopped reacting to strength and under what conditions. 1 proposed price increases in those strong the cliches of all-out thermonuclear war. REASONS FOR GOING TO ENIWETOK industries where administered prices are The numbness of our initial horror has My reasons for going to Eniwetok were the most destructive, such as steel and become indifference or resignation or stated in a press release that I included automobiles. Such publicity can have both. We know about the horrors of in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD on Mon­ the additional effect of stiffening the radiation. We know that a massive ex­ day, Apri128. back of management against proposed change of thermonuclear weapons will The first reason was: above-standard wage increases which certainly end civilization and probably I wanted to learn firsthand about these would outstrip. productivity increases, or all human life on this planet. We know nuclear-weapons tests and the men in cause price increases. it could happen anytime-now, tonight, charge of them, and present for discus­ Such a proposal has recently been or tomorrow. sion to these men certain convictions of made by one of the most sure-footed Ringing the fire-alarm bell is not mine. thinkers on economic matters in Con­ enough. Where do you send the equip­ As I expected, I found able, devoted, gress, the Honorable WILBUR D. MILLS, ment to fight the fire? The nuclear and candid men in charge of Joint Task chairman of the House Committee on and thermonuclear warheads are here to Force 7, the military unit charged with Ways and Means, who said: stay. We cannot agree them out of ex­ conducting the tests. Maj. Gen. A. R. Since the President's statement (urging istence, no matter how hard we might Luedecke commands Joint Task Force 7 leaders of labor and business to base their try. We have to live with them and in and is a soldier's soldier, competent and wage agreements and prices on considera­ spite of them. The three proposals I tions of maintaining a stable dollar}, I have conscientious. From Texas, his Con­ make here today are not new nor are gressman is 0. C. FISHER and he told me been deluged by inquiries-and I am sure they mine exclusively, but they do help many of my colleagues have had the same ex­ to give him, JACK BROOKS, and TIGER perience-from business and labor leaders answer, I believe, the questions. as to TEAGUE his regards. ''I'm glad they're as to how they are to know whether their where do we send the equipment and how there," he told me, "and I hope they're policies and actions are consistent with do we act to avert the disaster which glad I'm here." I am sure they have rea­ maintaining a stable price level. What kind seems to be overtaking us and the rest son to be glad-'-glad that a man like Al of standards are they to use in providing of the world. the cooperation the President requests? Luedecke is in command of the 13,000 If you drew a line 4 inches long to rep­ airmen, soldiers, and sailors comprising What kind of machinery does the President resent the explosive power of our largest have in mind for aiding reeponsible business Joint Task Force 7. and labor leaders in __ their efforts to comply bomb in World. War II, you would have The scientists at Eniwetok are under with this m-andate? One suggestion in reply to draw a line 80 miles long to represent the direction of William Ogle, a capable to these questions is that the President on the same scale the explosive power of and genial young man. He and his col­ might appoint an Economic Stabilizer with a 3-megaton thermonuclear bomb, a rel­ leagues were friendly and straightfor­ whom labor and management representa­ atively small hydrogen bomb. This is ward in their answers to my inquiries. tives might consult to determine whether more than· a quantitative difference. After my 3-hour conference with the top proposed wage agreements and price changes Louis Halle's most timely book, Choice are consistent with overall price-level scientists and military men I met one of stability. (Address, Tax Executives In­ for Survival, which I had time to read the scientists at the beach just before stitute, Inc., Shoreham Hotel, Washington, on the long plane rides, puts it this way:. dinner. He told me, "I'd sum up our con­ D. C., February 18, 1957.) Here a difference of degree has, in its po!" ference by saying we agree." litical effect at least, elevated itself into a If President Eisenhower would inau­ difference of kind. The old problem of man's The second reason for my going was: gurate such a. program, Lean assure him destructiveness in war acquires implications Even though I have been and am that he would have widespread support. that are really of a new order of magnitude. sharply critical-of its policies and meth..: The longer he fails to do so, -the more For the first time in history the question of ods including its insistence on holding .our economy is endangered. weapons is no longer secondary in the sense these tests, the Atomic Energy Commis­ that, because weapons do not clearly deter­ sion wanted me to go. mine the destructiveness of wars, they can be disregarded in dealing with the problem of r was given every opportunity to find THREE PROPOSALS TO HELP AVERT limiting wars. For the first time. there is a out what I wanted to know and what I ALL-OUT THERMONUCLEAR WAR weapon which, if used, makes reasonable found out was generally most encourag­ The SPEAKER. Under previous order limitation impossible. This is a fundamental ing. of the House, the gentleman from Ore­ paint to bear in mind. The third reason was: gon [Mr. PoRTER} is recognized for 60 The problem of weapons control or My able friend and respected colleague, minutes. arms limitation is a problem of human CHET HOLIFIELD, of California, chairman Mr. PORTER. Mr. Speaker. I ask behavior, political behavior, and we poli­ of the Radiation Subcommittee of the unanimous consent to revise and extend ticians are primarily responsible for a Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, and my remarks and include extraneous solution. Do we continue the arms race? an experienced nuclear test observer, as­ matter. I hope not. Do we surrender rather than sured me that I would learn much of The SPEAKER. Is there objection to risk catastrophic war? Of course not. great value to me as a legislator in the the request of the gentleman from For one thing, surrendering wouldn't do atomic age. Oregon? away with the risk of all-out war. More­ The gentleman from California [Mr. There was no objection. over, we are not prepared to give up our HoLIFIELD] was, as usual, correct. I Mr. PORTER. Mr. Speaker, yester­ hard-won liberties. I admire the cour­ hope more of our colleagues will find it day evening I returned from the Eniwe­ age and respect the sincerity of the crew possible to make such a trip. tok Proving Grounds in the Marshall of the Golden Rule. These people are at The fourth reason was: Islands of the South Pacific Ocean, 6, 700 least responding to the fire-alarm bell I believe mankind today teeters on the miles from Washington, D. C. I spent 3 and in so doing making more people brink of doom, thanks to the nuclear days there and 5 days traveling. The aware of the immediacy of the danger. weapons inventions, and I believe that, Hardtack series of atomic tests is now They are not crackpots~ I talked with as a United. States Representative, I have in progress there. It is the seventh such them in Honolulu on my way to Eni­ both the duty and. the opportunity to do series conducted at this site. wetok. Bill, the 15-year-old son of Gov­ whatever I can, however little, to help I asked the Atomic Energy Commis­ ernor Quinn of Hawaii, told me that the us survive as a free nation in a free sion to let me go and they promply had talk made at his high school by Bigelow, world. me designated an "Official Observer." the captain of the Golden Rule, was Maybe it is immodest, even presump.. My interests in these policies are not inspiring. tuous, to think that I, a freshman Con­ new nor are they casual. My bill to sus­ Surrender, like bare agreements, is no gressman, can have much, if anything, pend our tests, providing that other na­ answer. Pacifist policy would mean, as to offer on these complex and vital issues. tions also suspend-Adlai Stevenson's Halle points out, "devastation of the However, there appears to be plenty of proposal-was filed last July. My con- earth by rival war lords." Whatever the room for me in this area and it may be 8264 CONGRESSIONAL" RECORD - ·HOUSE May 7 that this is the way to learn how to con­ singer is correct in stating tliat we have deride accidents or unauthorized actions tribute someday, if not now. a bomb equal to 100 tons of TNT or one­ as remote possibilities. They know bet­ In the news release mentioned earlier half of 1 percent of the power of the ter and they know that the danger in­ I listed seven · firmly held convictions Hiroshima bomb. The tests would de­ creases as the decision time diiPinishes. which I meant to test in the South Pa­ velop smaller and more rugged devices, Seventh. Stopping the tests is only cific. They were modified in some re­ but· tests are .not essential as a means of a first step toward effective disarmament spects but in the main they were providing such weapons for our arsenal. and real peace. The mutual inspection strengthened. I will take them up in The chief reason for the Hardtack procedures should be expanded as soon order: series is the development of smaller, as possible to include conversion of nu­ SEVEN FIRMLY HELD CONVICTIONS more rugged warheads for our missiles clear warheads to peaceful uses and to First. We · do not need any more or and antimissile missiles. Cleaner and the cutback of nuclear weapons pro­ better nuclear warheads for national se­ peaceful purposes are of relatively minor duction. Hard to do? Yes, but a lot curity because we have more than importance as reasons for these tests. easier than rebuilding the world after a enough now to deter intentional attack. The JTF 7 leaders believe SAC's manned massive exchange of nuclear warheads. Unchanged. I am, of course, refer­ bombers are doomed in 1 or 2 years, so Trust the Soviets? Of course not, but ring to the all:..out thermonuclear war, the urgent task is to improve our mis­ recognize their self-interest in survival. not to weapons for limited wars. AEC siles. However, they admit we have Unchanged. By effective disarmament Chairman Strauss seems to agree that usable warheads right now for our mis­ I meant arms control. Since evasion is siles, including the ICBM. hard to detect, we can never assume this is so in his interview with U.S. News Fourth. Peacetime uses for atomic ex­ & World Report, May 3, 1958. No very compliance. This means that we must large weapons are being tested in the plosions, the final reason for the tests for a long, long time, maintain our ca~ Hardtack series. · after development of clean and smaller pabilities for all out and limited nuclear Second. Why go to a lot of trouble to bombs, should be done underground to war. This capability by itself will not develop a clean bomb when we have no avoid fallout and shoult.:. be carried out cause war. The lack of it probably assurance the Soviets would use such a under international supervision. would. I am suggesting that we can weapon in war and the concept of a lim­ Strengthened. The Eniwetok scientists maintain this deterrent capability with­ ited atomic war is a delusion based on were emphatic in recommending that out an arms race because of the unique wishful thinking. the Nevada tests be opened to the public, and unprecedented power of this Modified, in that I now believe limited everything but the black box itself. One weapon. war to be an alternative, the lesser-by of them, Dr. Gerald Johnson, has written THREE PROPOSALS far-of two evils, and that a device 90 a most illuminating and heartening ar­ Now we come to the three proposals. percent cleaner under some circum­ ticle about the Rainier underground ex­ The fire alarm bell has been rung and stances might help us keep a small war plosion in Nevada. His article will fol­ several premises stated and explained. from fireballing into an Unlimited con­ low these remarks and I recommend it Where do we go and what do we do 'to flict. However, our bombs and tech­ to you. It tells of the immense potential douse the atomic fireball menacing every niques for using them are clean enough of peaceful blasts-for harbors, channels, one of us? Every parent · can be· par­ for this capability right now, so the underground water levels, power from doned for thinking of the future in terms Eniwetok scientists told me, and most heat held in salt beds or limestone, inex­ of his hopes for the happiness of his own military men tacitly agreed with this. pensive production of isotopes, recovery children. If we were faced a black-and­ One colonel attached to the AEC told me of gas and oil, breaking up of low-grade white choice, like giving up our seat in flatly that he, a paratrooper, could see ore. a lifeboat so that our child might live our no use for cleaner weapons. An Air Dr. Johnson mentioned a legislative decision would be easy. But today, ~hen Force major general told me that there job for Congress. Apparently legislation the threat is plain, the action is not. was no need for a clean antimissile mis­ is needed to allow AEC to set up an oper­ Halle writes: ations group to work for a fee and to at­ sile because no immediate fallout re­ We come to grips with none of the great sulted from an air burst of our stockpile tend to matters of safety. This is the problems of human society until we recog­ weapons. area wherein lie the promises, not the nize that, unlike the problems in Euclidean Gen. Alfred Starbird, the able Director threats, of the atom. Here is where we geometry, they represent dilemmas-that is, of AEC's Division of Military Applica­ need to seek publicity and international they are not problems for which there are tions, told me that we need a cleaner cooperation. Here are, truly, atoms for a set of complete answers, problems which bomb so we can safely hit targets near peace. can be absolutely solved by any reasoning or any device available to us, problems our friends if need be. Fifth. Fallout from these tests, how­ that have solutions devoid of evil. They Third. The large thermonuclear bomb, ever small and innocent, and there is a are, instead, problems to be suffered, to be for example, fits into our supersonic real dispute among scientists about this, lived with, to be controlled, to be miti­ bombers and has an explosive power is both a trespass on other countries and gated, to be gradually reduced to more man­ equal to all the explosions in World War an assault on all people, under Anglo­ ageable proportions-to be completely over .. II, so why be concerned about a smaller Saxon common law doctrines. We have come, if at all, only in the fullness of time. bomb, especially when we have maxi­ no right to infringe on another's person My proposals are simply ·that we stop mum deterrence now? and property even a little bit. the tests now, tear off most of the se­ Modified, in that I can understand Strengthened. The AEC has gone to crecy about atomic developments, and better now the importance of smaller a lot of trouble to reduce the fallout from face up to the fact that stumbling into weapons for fighting limited wars since the devices used in these tests, even war is far more likely than is deliberate these "brushfire wars" are primarily de­ though the official AEC position is, as engagement by any nation's choice. An fensive and allow us to equalize the far always, that the amount of fallout f.rom armaments race, a tight security pro­ more numerous armies of our opponents, all such tests has been "negligible." gram, and a persistence in denying hu­ a matter of importance if firepower is Sixth. The real danger today is from man fallibility will, together or sepa­ roughly dependent on manpower. Now an accidental or unauthorized nuclear rately, tend to create the conditions that the Soviets have big bomb capa­ explosion triggering the all-out war. A conducive to the all-out thermonuclear bilities we may find our deterrent power good many nuclear warheads exist, ready "a wasting asset," according to Halle, for instant detonation and all in the war. More and better weapons, tighter who points out that the Soviets would hands of frail, error-prone human beings and more inclusive hush-hush, and the be able to commit "a series of successive such as you and I. It would be extremely same old error-prone human beings aggressions, each of which is, in itself, difficult, in these tense times, to distin­ handling more and better weapons and so limited or ambiguous that we do not guish between an authorized and an un­ enforcing hush-hush-where can such feel ourselves justified in retaliating authorized nuclear explosion and to de­ policies lead but to disaster? with the nuclear holocaust in which all termine the nature of the other nation's Let me be specific about my recom­ would be consumed." alert following such an explosion­ mendations. No sense in getting out · However, as in the case of the clean whether it was defensive or offensive. the fire department unless there is a bomb, we don't need the Hardtack series. Unchanged. Scientists and military pretty good idea of where to send the We have small weapons now, · if Kis- men alike at the operational level don't equipment. 1958 ~ONGRESSIONA~ RE;CORD-_ .HOUSE 8265 First, please, Mr. President, or you, rule, nor can I. Our secrets are in the An opponent must understand our in­ my colleagues, if you choose to enact black boxes containing the devices. I tent and ability not to jump directly into my bill, stop· the tests now and arrange was shown pictorial explanations of two all-out war or he may start with just immediately for international inspection of the tests. They were marked "Con­ that himself. Halle writes: under United Nations auspices. The fidential," but neither Dr. Ogle-nor Gen­ Finally, everything depends on the unde~­ scientists at Eniwetok, who know our eral Luedecke could defend· the classi­ standing and acceptance of such a policy by weapon needs intimately, agree that fication. domestic public opinion in the democracies, suspension under these circumstances The scientists are agreed that the tests which involves publishing it to the world. is warranted. Of course it is not their in Nevada could be made· completely My final proposal is that we face up to bailiwick, any more than it is Dr. Tel­ public except, in some instances, with · the fact that unauthorized or accidental ler's. respect to the contents of the black nuclear explosions are inevitable, and by Mr. Strauss answered a questi.on in boxes. "we" I particularly mean the AEC and U . .S. News & World Report, May 2, 1958, In his sermon April 13, 1958, Dr. Rich­ the Department of Defense, both of as· follows: · ard M. Steiner, minister-of the First Uni­ which consistently say or imply that such Question. Are you satisfied that the nu­ tarian Church in Portland, Oreg., said, explosions are "remote possibilities." All clear and thermonuclear weapons that this afte.r listing items kept secret by the · that is involved is recognitlon that hu­ country possesses still are adequate for its AEC: man beings are error prone _and frail. defense? -We have not been told so many things If the probability of ~uch explosions is Answer. It is niy· belief that the present that it ls impossiple for any ordinary citi­ more widely admitted and recognized, stockpile of nuclear weapons and the con­ zen of this country to arrive at a rational the ensuing panic will be far less and, tinuing research and production program conclusion about the validity or necessity more important, the triggering of the all­ of 'the United States are soundly conceived of continuing these experiments. · from t~e ;Point of view of national def~nse. out war will more likely be averted. This represents an erosion of democratic In these days of tension we will be bet- . AEC ·Chairman StJ;"a:U$S is saying, in principles that may in the _long run be as destructive of our democracy as ?:UY Qom­ ter off· if we don't-try to deceive ourselves · my. view, that we have enough weapons · niunist subversion, for the principle of de­ about our ability to handle such weapons. in our stockpile for deterrence. . We ap­ mocracy is that a nation is best governed Halle writes: · pear to the world reckless and aggres- . by the will of the people, but the will of the . A perpetual alert must be kept up; there sive: Our 13,000 men at Eniweto!t and people can be trusted only 'as 'the people . can be·no relaxation, not even for a. moment, the people in the vicinity are in danger, ­ themselves are informed. That is why we not to brush a fiy from one's nose. A slip how much we do not really know. The have universal' education in this country, so on either si5ie may be immedia_tely fatal to chief weather officer told me that ' ~his . tne' people . may know; but the press is no both-sides. longer free if our newspapers are unable to site never would- have been chosen if THE MOST VITAL PROPOSALS NOW obtain or print the facts through the device they :i:utd known back in 1946 what they of making pertinent information secret or Those are the three proposals for ac­ know now about the weather there. top secret. . tion to reduce the gravitation of interna­ Accidents can happen, he told me, and It is not, I believe, an exaggeration to say tional politics toward all-out thermonu­ that is _why ships are ready night _and . that 'the Atomic' Ehei'gy' Commission,· which clear war. I could also mention the im-.. day to c~vacmite . our men. While I was wields not only an enormous political in- . portaBCe Of not making these ·weapons fl.uence in the wotld but w-ields an enormous there a test was called off .bec.ause there·­ mote widely available and of buil~ing was a· 3 perc·ent chance, so General Lue­ economic · influence -in our own Nation, is b~yond the i:each of the 'people. shelters,-but these three seem the most decke told rp,e, that 3 roentgens from vital right now: radioactive debris would fall on the per­ The AEC was recently reported-to have First. ·stop the tests because they rep­ sonnel. . In a way we are playing what . said that not more than half of the 30 . resent the arms race. might be called APlerican roulette with scheduled shots of the Hardtack series Second. Inform the world about our these tests, putting in danger our own · would be announced. The first one, a atomic policies and program ·because we troops and people in· that vicinity and week ago last Monday, was not an:.. have no reason to be ashamed of the facts endangering the ·composure of the whole nounced. The reason? To avoid "too and our excessive secrecy has led and is world. much saber-rattling." Why should we leading to mistrust and anxiety through­ My second ·proposal is that we tell the ever rattle this saber? 1'his kind of out the world. world- far more about our atom policies public flaunting of secrecy is an affront Third. Recognize that stumbling into and programs. I have no reason to be­ to the Nation ahd a measure of the ar­ unlimited war is far more likely in view lieve that the President will stop the rogance ·apparently felt by this agency. of human frailty than entering into such Hardtack series now in progress, al­ It is a defiance of the people's right to a war through the intention of any na­ though this would be a tremendously ef­ know. The top scientists at Eniwetok tion's leaders. fective gesture signaling to the world o11r told me they could see no reason why Improving our educational system and change of policy. But perhaps the · the purposes and results of each test-­ our relationships with other countries President might see fit to direct the AEC so far as they were known-could not· be are also extremely crucial goals, but these to tear off some of the secrecy shrouds made public after each blast. - are matters to be attended to in the time so that· the world could be encouraged, The AEC had another reason for not we gain by changing our atomic weapons as I was encouraged on my trip, to learn announcing -each test. If we revealed policies along the lines I have sought to for itself and through its own reporters the time and type of each burst, it said, indicate. For the last time I quote Louis that these tests are primarily for de­ the Soviets could test their capability of Halle: fensive. weapons; that they provide for detecting our small-yield nuclear tests. minimum · fallout; that the men in What we need is time, the postponement This flabbergasted me completely. If of disaster, and this is about all that our charge are conscious of their great re­ we are concerned with stopping the ·arms generation can expect to gain. Given time, sponsibilities and are taking every pre­ race and establishing a feasible inspec­ however, we shall find that international caution for safety; that we are not reck­ tion system, and there is definite indica­ power relations depend only secondarlly on less and that the tests do no mean that tion that the President is seriously con­ · military potential. They depend primarily we are :flexing our muscles boastfully. sidering action along these lines, then · on the inner health of the national societies, I found no member of the press at Eni­ why not allow the Soviets to test their their integrity, and ability to cope with their wetok and none has been there for this own problems, their cultural strength . and equipment? Nothing obliges us to dis­ attractiveness, the promise of their ideals series. In June there will be Operation close the number of kilotons of the de­ and achievement. Pinion where 32 press representatives vice. from several nations will witness one Halle's discussion of limited war On top of the water tower on Parry shot. In my opinion 10 to 20 press rep­ stresses the need for an understapding Island at Eniwetok are three lights to resentatives should be there throughout public in the democracies. Limited indicate whether the tests are on or off. the series. I was one of 40 visitors and 34 war he writes, is possible only where The yellow light ·indicates that a test more visitors were scheduled. There are each · side believes that the other side is on at Bikini, a green light at Eniwetok. facilities for journalists and photogra­ wants .to keep it limited and where the A red light beside one of those lights or phers. The rules now forbid possession other side has the ability and the de­ by itself means that the test or tests are of a camera, yet tl;le General's aide told termination to retaliate in kind for any canceled. The winds of the Pacific have me he could not see the reason for this expansion of the conflict. been unfavorable for tests, even little 8266 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 7 ones, lately; and on the three mornings I to effective containment of the radioactivity; logged for temperature and gamma radla­ was at Eniwetok the red light went on at the appropriate. necessary depth of burial; tlon. about a. m. · the local and offsite aelsmlc effects; and the The temperature log made 16 weeks after What5 about the winds of public ·opin- probab111ty of ground water contamination. . the detonation reveals that the temperature ion in the United States and in the rest .A selected device of a relatively low yield begins to rise above ambient (16.8° c.) at (equivalent to 1,700 tons of TNT) was fired a radial distance of about 110 feet, reach- of the world? Are they unfavorable to in a 6-by-6-by-7-foot room at the end of a ing a maximum value of 45° c. at 55 to 60 tests, even little ones, which make our drift driven in the side of a mesa· at the · feet, and then leveling off at about 35° c. country appear what it is not and never ' Nevada test site. Verticai depth of burial toward the center. Subsequent logging in has been? My hope is that the red light was 900 feet and shortes.t distance to the the lower holes confirmed the same general on that water tower, 6,700 miles from sloped surface was 800 feet. The geologi- behavior except that regions _having tem­ here, will one day soon be permanently cal structure consisted of a cap 200 feet peratures up to 90° c. were discovered. lit, signifying our official recognition of thick of welded tuff, underlain by several Generally, in the 'Crushed permeable central layers of bedded tuffs. The first few hun- region heat appeared to have moved more the danger involved in this arms race- dred feet below the cap was lightly ce- freely than in the external regions where and that we have stopped, stopped before mented; however, at the depth of the tun- the medium was crushed but relatively · it was too late. nel the structure was sufficiently strong that · impermeable. · [From Engineering and Mining Journal of no timbering was required in tunnel except Radiation logs were completed about 20 April1958] at portal. weeks after the detonation. The principal RAINIER BLAST OPENS NEW HoRIZONS The 1,900-foot adit terminated in a spiral use is to show the present location of the designed to be self-sealing. The basic con- active material and to- aid in reconstructing (By Gerald W. Johnson) cept was that the tunnel would collapEe the sequence of events during the explosion. The first completely contained nuclear opposite the point of detonation before the From the radiochemical results, except for detonation--code-named Rainier and fired in shock could transport any radioactive ma- rare gases, it appears that practically all of a long tunnel under a mountain at the terial around and out the tunnel. In ad- the fission product~ were trapped in fused Nevada nuclear test site on September 19, dition the room ent~ance was plugged with glassy tuff. From these measurements it 1957-gave results which suggest many ap- sandbags and two steel barrier doors were was calcUlated that about 700 tons of the plications to mining. As more is learned placed at 575 feet and 1,225 feet from the tuff near ground zero were melted initially from this detonation, and as more industrial shot point. The principal apprehension by the explosion. groups become aware of the tremendous po- prior to firing the shot was the possibility .From the results of the core drilling, the tentialities inherent in the technique, many of fissures developing which would permit temperature and gamma radiation loggin-g, other applications. will become apparent. In escape of radioactive products into the tun- and the radiochemical analyses, it was pes­ considering such possible tasks the imagina- nel or to the surface of the mesa. sible to describe the mechanics of the explo­ tion is free to explore projects hundreds or A post-shot drilling program, under the sion. At the· moment of the e.xplosion a thousands of times larger than have ever general guidance of Dr. Lysle Shaffer, pro- cavity was produced with an inside radius of before been undertaken, and jobs which fessor of mining at the University of Cali- 55 feet. This was surrounded by a shell of would not be feasible, economically or tech- fornia, was carried out by E. J. Longyear co. fused material at. 1200° to 1500° C .. about 4 nically, if attacked by purely conventional The purpose was to explore the s_hot area inches thick. The shell stood long enough methods. and to obtain radiochemical samples of th_e for fused tuff to drip frorr.. the roof because Purpose of this report is, first, to give the material produced by the. explosion. The droplets 5 to 10 millimeters in diameter results_ of the detonation and, second, to drill rig was modified to permit remote op- which had frozen in free fall and also short suggest various possible industrial applica- eration in the event that high pressure re- "icicles" 2 centimeters long were recovered. tions. · gion~ were penetrated in the course of the The cavity soon collapsed and progressive Before describing the detonation in detail exploration. One hole wali drilled vertically caving proceeded to a height of 400 feet 1t 'seems appropriate to give some general from the surface directed at the point of above the point of detonation. conclusions from the test explosion: detonation, and three holes were dr1lled Temperature fell rapidly to that of bolling Radioactivity was ~ompletely contained. - from inside the tunnel, also through the water (94o C. at tunnel elevation) because It was not possible to locate any detectable - region of detonation. of the dilution of cold rock falling from the leak outside the cavity produced by the ex- A drift is being driven at the present time roof and because of the presence of large plosion using the most sensitive known tech- back toward ground-zero to gather more de- amounts of water which then converted to niques. And, while the studies are not yet tailed information on the present structure _ steam and moved freely -through the per• complete, it seems that the radioactivity is of the medium, and to gain experience in meable region. - tightly-bound in fused tuff and the possi- . mining through such media. CIVIL APPLICATIONS LOOK GOOD bility of ground water contamination appears Observations that the explosion produced remote. To this date there has been no in­ RESULTS INDICATE MECHANICS On firing the shot the tunnel collapsed at least 200,000 tons of crushed readily per­ dication of any contamination of ground . meable rock and 500,000 tons of crushed rock, water nor is it expected. out to a radial distance of 200 feet from the point of detonation-beyond that point for all of which was fr.ee of radioactivity except Seismic effects were minor. Few people in a specifically localized zone, raises the felt any motion at all at 2.5 miles. However, an additional 300 feet the tunnel was ·dam­ aged but was passable. The remainder of possib111ty of the following applications: it has been reporte.d that some seismic sig­ 1. Production of artificial aquifers for re­ nals attributable to the shot were recorded the tunnel was essentially undamaged by the blast. All of the radioactive material plenishing water tables by exploding a device as far as Alaska, some 2,320 miles from the in dry Tiver channels such that progressive test site. Sei~ mic effects were so small that was completely contained for none could be detected on the surface or in the tunnel. caving · would proceed to the surface. The it was concluded explosions at least 100 underground reservoir thus produced would times more powerful can be fired at the Drilling from the top of .the mesa revealed store water from spring .and storm runoffs Nevada test site without causing any notice­ a cavity at a depth pf 500 feet. From that and subsequently feed the water to permeable able effects to the nearest offsite populated point down to the center of detonation dr111 subsurface strata. areas 30 miles away. · water circulation was lost and there was very little core return. Drilling from inside 2. Breaking up of low-~ade ore deposits ORIGINALLY A. MILITARY PROJECT the tunnel revealed two· general zones. The prior to leaching. Initially. the objective of the underground first was met at a radial distance from the 3. Exploitation of oil shales and tar sand test was to develop a new technique for test­ point of detonation of 130 feet. In this oil deposits by loosening and heating to ing nuclear devices. This technique was in­ zone there was very poor core return but the release oil directly. . tended to eliminate such offsite problems as circulation of drilling -water was maintained. 4. Production of fill and riprap for road (1) radioactive fallout, (2) blast or noise, This condition prevailed until the inner construction and other applications. and (3) interference with airllne traffic. For radioactive zone was reached at a radi:ts of Many other practical useful applications such underground shots the testing obviously 55 feet. From this evidence it was concluded will surely become apparent. And under auspices of the AEO, the University of Call­ would not be subject to expensive delays due t~at the rock was crushed but relatively to unfavorable winds or other meteorologi­ impermeable in the zone defined between fornia Radiation Laboratory is continuing its cal factors. At the outset it was clear that the radial distance of 55 feet and 130 feet. investigations in this field. The scope of the many experimental measuremeJlts, particu­ Inside the 55-toot radius circulation was future program in this area is currently larly those requiring massive shielding, could again lost ieading to the conclusion that under study. be more readlly accomplished underground here the medium was crushed and very - than on the surface or on towers. An impor­ permeable to water. tant exception was the measurement of total Analysis of air samples collected from this MEDICAL SERVICES TO THE ELD· el?-ergy release either by radiochemical or inner region using radiochemical methods ERLY, SICK. BLIND, AND HANDI· other methods, and from a technical stand­ revealed that this region was freely con­ CAPPED point this measurement requires further nected with the caVity discovered 400 feet study and evaluation. hfgher. Radioactive samples were recovered The SPEAKER pro tempore l­ night, and I listened to what he had to linquished its interest in the tariff and dustry would be hurt by the trade ·agree­ say about the renewal of the reciprocal trade subject and left it to the Presi­ ments program. This reassuring face is .trade agreements. He made. an outright dent-meaning in effect the State De­ the one the executive has turned to the plea that the safety of the Nation was in- partment-to do with as he saw fit. public while in the meantime the trade volved in the extension of these trade Judging by the executive procedures es­ ;:tgreements machinery has continued to agreements, and he talked about the tablished to govern the trade-agreements grind out its results quite oblivious of ·critical materials that were necessary program, the 73d Congress sitting in these assurances. to be brought· into this corinttir. Does 1934 was apparently regarded as having Second. In negotiating the General he think . that the Congress is ignorant spoken for all future Congresses as well. Agreement on Tariffs and Trade the .and the people of this country are igno­ ·This is, of course, wholly out of keeping ·State Department agreed to far-reach­ .rant? Does he not know that all of those with the Constitution which contem­ ing "trade rules" that go beyond mere articles that he mentioned, sucl:l as plates changes in sentiment among the tariff reductions. These "trade rules", manganese, bauxite, and chrome are all people and the · expression of · such one example of which is renunciation of on the free list? They are not involved the use of import quotas (with some in this. changes through their elected represent­ transitory exceptions), have the effect of atives. interposing- between Congress and its The SPEAKER pro temp9re. The Procedures for making trade agree­ freedom to legislate certain international time of the gentleman from West Vir­ ments under the·legislation were char­ ginia [Mr. BAILEY] has expir~d. acteristically set forth in an Executive taboos that cannot be violated without order-No. 9832. This was in effect an breaking solemn international commit­ ments. WHAT MAKES FARM REBELS? act of waying goodby to representative The practical effect of the operation of government in this particular field. the Trade Agreements system,· includ­ Mr. HENDERSON. Mr. Speaker·: I ask Why? ing the organizational and procedural unanimous consent that the gentleman It is because executive personnel of aspects of making agreements, has thus from Ohio [Mr. BowJ may extend his the departments who became almost the been to make a house of futility out of remarks at this point in the RECORD. exclusive administrators are appointed Congress so far as the regulation of for­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to by the Executive, owe their tenure, the eign commerce is concerned. the request of the gentleman from Ohio? future of their careers, their advance­ · At the same time and by the same There was no objection. ment, and all else that makes for loyalty, process the electorate has perforce been Mr. BOW. Mr. Speaker, once again to the Executive. Their function is to effectively disfranchised in this field so the farmers of the United States are carry out settled policy. Theirs is not far as its control over the government is faced with the necessity of choosing a legislative or parliamentary field nor concerned as· contemplated under the whether they wish to operate under one in which the voice of the voters is concept of popular sovereignty. The marketing quotas for wheat. As re­ registered. Constitution has been amended de facto quired by the law, the Secretary of Ag­ Therefore, it is unrealistic to look to .in complete disregard of the prescribed liculture has announced the wheat public hearings conducted by ·executive procedures. referendum will be conducted June 20. personnel and expect results signifi­ "How a Trade Agreement Is Made" This year I would like to urge that cantly at odds with the ruling executive might just as appropriately be titled every eligible wheat farmer make his policy. Such personnel is not responsive "How the State Department Through arrangements to vote in the referendum. to Congress; and the voice of Congress the Trade Agreements Legislation Drove In my own District we have a growing is lost in the intervening chasm. Congress From the Hill." spirit of rebellion against the wheat law, It would be different if the administer­ The obvious remedy lies in legislation symbolized by Dr. P. S . .Whiteleather, ing bodies were creatures of Congress that would restore Congressional control, whose farm was the scene of a recent and responsible to Congress, as are some at the very minimum to the point of con­ mass meeting of wheat growers opposed of the independent agencies. That is trolling the escape clause remedy. This to any Government interference in their the distinction between the Tariff Com­ could be accomplished by requiring that operations. mission, which is an agency set up by the Tariff Commission recommendations Concerning this meeting, the Cleve­ Congress to do the detailed and technical be sent to Congress for possible disap­ land Plain Dealer published an editorial work of Congress, and the Interdepart­ proval by joint resolution. In other which I include herewith as a part of mental Committee· on Trade Agreements words, the veto power over such recom­ my remarks: and its alter ego, the Committee for Rec­ mendations should be shifted from the WHAT MAKES FARM REBELS? iprocity Information~ which are not executive to the Congress. The farm problem is complex. It is not all creatures of the Congress but arms of · The need for an escape clause action black and all white. It differs in various the executive. The Tariff Commission, 'arises from errors committed in tariff States. The only sensible way out of it is negotiations by the executive under the to get away from Government controls en­ under the present setup, is but an eden­ tirely, but as long as votes elect Members of tate body contantly frustrated by the system set up by the executive for mak~ Congress it appears to be politically impos­ President: · mg trade agreements. sible. The nonresponsive effect produced by • Since the original power in the regu­ . Secretary Benson has be.en seeking to free tb.is system could· still be overcome but lation of foreign commerce resides in agriculture from as many Government con­ for two practices that effectively lock the Congress ·and the President exercises trol~.> as possible. He has been preaching a CIV--521 8270 CONGRESSIONAL R_ECORD- HOU?~ May ·7 return to the farmer's traditional attitude of tion, the voting places, the eligibility of Internation.al Trade Exllibition, to be held voters and all other pertinent informa­ ·at St. Paul, Minn., to be admitted without independence. Perhaps the wheat rebels payment of tarrfl', and for other purposes. ·who prevented Federal crop surveyors from tion in every county and township. measuring the wheat acreage of a Colum­ · Last year 22.6 percent of the farmers biana county farm a few days ago, found eligible to vote placed marketing quotas encouragement in Mr. Benson's attitude. SENATE ENROLLED BILLS AND JOINT Why shouldn't an American farmer be in effect on all wheat farmers. How RESOLUTION SIGNED much longer are the remaining 87 per­ permitted to raise what he likes, when he The SPEAKER announced his signa­ likes, and as much as he likes, as he used cent going to sit on their hands and let to do? Isn't this what liberty means? this go on? In only three States, South ture to enrolled bills and a joint resolu­ The reason is that Congress passed the Carolina, North Dakota, and Minnesota, tion of the Senate of the following titles: "\IVheat Marketing Act, which does these did a majority of those eligible go out S. 1062. An act for the relief of Maud Claer things: It provides for a national referendum to vote. In Ohio a mere 11 percent ex­ Wahl; (requiring 80 percent approval) to see pressed themselves. S. 1578. An act for the relief of Hovhannes whether the farmers of America wish to go I have the greatest sympathy for those H. Haidostian; along with the plan. If they do (and west­ S. 1943. An act for the relief of Norma ern farmers always see to it that this is farmers who resent Government con­ Josephine Hodges Dowd; done) quotas are assigned to each fa:rmer. trols. I recognize also that there is little S. 2166. An act for the relief of John J. If he stays within his quota (that is, does possibility the majority in Congress or Griffin; not overplant) he is eligible for price sup­ the courts will take any action that will S, 3050. An act to increase the equipment ports. If he exceeds it, b-ut does not exceed change the marketing quota law. The maintenance allowance for rural carriers, and a total of 15 acres, all he loses is the price only alternative, then, is for farmers for other purposes; and support. But if his allotment is under 15 who oppose the law to express them­ S. J. Res. 168. Joint resolution authorizing acres and he exceeds 15 acres he becomes the President to issue a proclamation calling subject to a penalty on every excess bushel selves. They have it within their power to overrule the minority that has en­ upon the people of the United States to com­ harvested. memorate with appropriate ceremonies the Since only those farmers who have an al­ forced marketing quotas the past 6 100th anniversary of the admission of the lotment of over 15 acres are permitted to years. This is the path farm rebels State of Minnesota into the Union. vote in the referendum, many Ohio farmers must follow if they want their rebellion cannot even express an opinion. They may to have effect. be dead !)et against the whole idea, but if ADJOURNMENT the national referendum pase:es they are forced to abide by the decision. LEAVE OF ABSENCE Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I move Indeed, there is little Ohio interest in that the House do now adjourn. the referendum. On six elections it never By unanimous consent, leave of ab­ The motion was agreed to; accordingly has given the plan a two-thirds majority sence was granted to: (at 12 o'clock and 52 minutes p. m.) the vote. The Ohio vote on June 20, 1957, showed Mr. ScHERER for May 8 and 9, on ac­ 3,042 ·for the quota system and 2,011 against, House adjourned until tomorrow, Thurs­ far less than the required percentage. The count of hearings of tbe Committee on day, May 8, 1958, at 12 o'clock noon. total vote was slightly more than half of the Un-American Activities in New York 1956 vote. Wayne County had 791 eligible City. farmers; only 68 voted. Lorain County had EXECUTIVE 90MMUNICATIONS, -175 eligible farmers--only 18 voted. Medina SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED ETC. County, with 148 eligible votes, cast only 19 ballots. By unanimous consent, permission to Under clause 2 of rule· XXIV, execu­ Thus, it seems to us, it becomes clear address the House, following the legisla­ tive communications were taken from why some Ohio farmers are rebelling against tive program and any special orders the Speaker's ·table and referred ·as what they consider an invasion of their lib­ follows: erty. heretofore entered, was granted to: We do not believe anyone has the right Mr. McCoRMACK, for 20 minutes, 1891. A letter from the President, Board­ to interfere with Federal officers in the per­ today. of Commissioners, District of Columbia, formance of their duty, however one may transmitting a draft of proposed legislation sympathize wi-th the othe.r point of view. The entitled "A bill providing that the Com­ Federal crop surveyors assigned to measure EXTENSION OF REMARKS missioners of the District of Columbia be Dr. Whiteleather's farm must go back and do authorized to use squares 354 and 355 in the By unanimous consent, permission to District of Columbia and certain water so. extend remarks in the CONGRESSIONAL But one has every right to hope that a frontage on the Washington Channel of the law which links small Ohio farms with the RECORD, or to revise and extend remarks, Potomac River for the proposed Southwest vast farms of the West, can be altered to the was gran ted to: Freeway and for the redevelopment of the extent that present inequalities will cease to Mr. SIMPSON of Pennsylvania (at the Southwest area in the District of Columbia"; exist; that a State which has proved that it request of Mr. MARTIN). to the Committee on the District of Co­ is something less than wholly pleased with lumbia. Mr. IKARD. 1892. A letter from the Administrative such Government controls will not have them Mr. MULTER (at the request of Mr. forced down its throat. Assistant Secretary of the Interior, transmit­ McCoRMACK) and to include extraneous ting a report in connection with the resto­ Mr. Speaker, the editorial refers to the matter. ration of balances withdrawn from the ap­ failure of any appreciable number of Mr. CELLER. propriation and fund accounts under the act Ohio · farmers to vote in the annual of July 25, 1956 (31 U. S. C. 701-708.), pur­ wheat referendum. The Plain Dealer suant to the Bureau of the Budget Circular attributes the failure to vote to a lack ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED No. A-23, dated June 21, 1957; to the Com­ mittee on Government Operations. of interest. I have letters from farm­ Mr. BURLESON, from the Committee 1893. A letter from the Commissioner, ers indicating that many boycott the on House Administration, reported that Immigration and Naturalization Service, De­ election as a protest. Many others com~ that committee had examined and found partment of Justice, transmitting copies of plain that the referendum is insuffici­ truly enrolled bills of the House of the orders entered in cases where the authority ently advertised, that it is difficult to following titles, which were thereupon contained in ~ection 212 (d) (3) of the Im­ vote, and that eligibility to vote is not signed by the Speaker: migration and Nationality Act was exercised in behalf of such aliens, pursuant to the Im­ clear. There are complaints also con-. H. R. 2151. An act to provide for the tem­ cerning the counting of the ballots. migration and Nationality Act; to the Com­ porary suspension of the import duties on mittee on the Judiciary. It seems to me that if any farmer is certail} coarse wool, and to provide additional opposed to the marketing program his time for the Tariff Commission to review best protest is to vote "No." If any the customs tariff schedules; REPORTS OF COMMITTEES-ON PUB­ farmer feels that his operations are un­ H. R. 8544. An act to provide for the res­ LIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS necessarily curtailed by this law he toration to tribal ownership of all vacant should vote "No." Staying home never and undisposed-of ceded lands on certain Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports won an election, and this is in fact an Indian reservations, and for other purposes; and of committees were delivered to the Clerk economic election that determines how H. R. 11019. An act to permit articles im­ for printing and reference to the proper farms may be operated. ported from foreign countries for the pur­ calendar, as follows: It seems to me that every effort should pose o:r exhibition at the Kentucky State Mr. RHODES of Pennsylvania: Committee be_ made right now to puplicize the elec- Fair, to be held at Louisville, ~y., and the on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. S. 86. 1958 CONGRESSIONAL-RECORD -~- HOUSE 8271 An act to provide for a research program in By Mr. BROOKS of Loulslana:·· Mr. THOMPSON of Texas: the field of weather modification to be con­ H. R. 12369. A bill to provide additional H. R. 12378. A blll to amend the act of ducted by the National Science Foundation, facilities necessary for the administration August 12, 1955, Public Law 378, 84th Con­ and for other purposes; with amendment and training of units of the Reserve compo­ gress (69 Stat. 707), so as to provide that (Rept. No. 1695). Referred to the Commit­ nents of the Armed Forces of the United certain claims for losses sustained in the tee of the Whole House on the State of the States; to the Committee on Armed Services. Texas City disaster which have not been Union. By Mr. CURTIS of Massachusetts: settled may be settled by the Secretary of Mr. MORGAN: Committee on Foreign M­ H. R. 12370. A blll to amend section 328 the Army; to the Committee on tlie Judi­ fairs. H. R. 12181. A bill to amend further of the Immigration and Nationality Act, to ciary. the Mutual Security Act of 1954, as amended, shorten the time required for naturalization By Mr. ZELENKO: and for other purposes; without amendment in the case of men who have served-honor­ H. R. 12379. A blll to promote the safety (Rept. No. 1696). Referred to the CC?mmit­ ably in the Armed Forces; to the Committee of employees and travelers upon common tee of the Whole House on the State of the on the Judiciary. · carriers by railroad engaged in interstate Union. By Mr. CURTIS of Missouri: commerce by requiring such carriers to main­ Mr. THORNBERRY: Committee on Rules. . H. R.12371. A bill to amend the act of tain tracks, bridges, roadbed, and permanent House Resolution 559. Resolution for con­ March 10, 1934, to provide for more effective structures for the support of way, trackage, sideration of H. R. 9020, a bill to amend the integration of a fish and wildlife conserva~ and traffic in safe and suitable condition, and Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921, as amend­ tion program with Federal water-resource de­ for other purposes; to the Committee on In­ ed, and for other purposes; without amend­ velopments, and for other purposes; to the terstate and Foreign Commerce. ment (Rept. No. 1697). Referred to the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fish­ ByMr.DELLAY: House Calendar. eries. H. Res. 558. Resolution to authorize the Mr. DELANEY: Committee on Rules. By Mr. DOLLINGER: Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ House Resolution 560. Resolution for con­ H. R. 12372. A blll to promote the safety of merce to conduct an investigation and study sideration of H. R. 10459, a bill to increase employees and travelers upon common car­ of the textile industry of the United States; the lending authority of the Export-Import riers by railroad engaged in interstate com­ to the Committee on Rules. Bank of Washington, and for other purposes; merce by requiring such carriers to maintain without amendment (Rept. No. 1698). Re­ tracks, bridges, roadbed, and permanent ferred to the House Calendar. structures for the support of way, trackage, Mr. BOLLING: Committee on Rules. and traffic in safe and suitable condition, and PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS House Resolution 561. Resolution for con­ for other purposes; to the Committee on Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private sideration of H. R.· 11518, a bill to authorize Interstate and Foreign Commerce. bills and resolutions were introduced and the construction of modern naval vessels; By Mr. DOLLINGER (by request): severally referred as follows: without amendment (Rept. No. 1699). Re­ H. R.12373. A bill to amend section 303 of ferred to the House Calendar. the International Claims Settlement Act of By Mr. BURNS of Hawaii: 1949, as amended; to the Committee on For­ H. R. 12380. A bill for the relief of Buck eign Affairs. Yuen Sah; to the Committee on the Judi­ By Mr. NORBLAD: ciary. PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS H. R. 12374. A bill to provide for the re­ · H. R. 12381. A bill fdr the relief of Henry Under clause 4 of rule XXII, public moval of the naval magazine at Port · Chi­ M. Anderson; to the Committee on the Judi­ bills and resolutions were introduced and cago, Calif., to a site on the lower Columbia ciary. severally referred as follows: River, Oreg.; to the Committee on Armed ByMr.HYDE: Services. H. R. 12382. A bill for the relief of Alkon Bv Mr. BAKER: H. R. 12375. A bill authorizing the con­ Iakubovicz; to the Committee on the Judi· H. R. i2366. A bill to amend the Internal struction, repair, and preservation of certain ciary• . Revenue Code of 1954 to permit a taxpayer public works on rivers and harbors for navi­ to treat the useful life of new property as gation, flood control, and for other purposes; being a period equal to one-half of such to the Committee on Public Works. PETITIONS, ETC. useful life; to the committee on Ways and By Mr. O'BRIEN of New York: Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions Means. H. R. 12376. A bill to provide for the strik­ Bv Mr. BLATNIK: ing of medals in commemoration of the cen­ and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk H R. i2367. A bill to provide assistance to tennial anniversary of the birth of Theodore and referred as follows: communities, industries, business enter­ Roosevelt; to the Committee on Banking and 608. By tbe SPEAKER: Petition of A. R. prises, and individuals to facilitate adjust­ Currency. Leger and others, Kearny, N. J., requesting ments made necessary by the trade policy By Mr. SMITH of Virginia: passage of House bllls 1008, 3974, 4523, 4677, of the United States; to the Committee on H. R. 12377. A bill to authorize the Com­ and Sanate blll 945, pertaining to the Rail­ Ways and Means. missioners of the District of Columbia to road Retirement Act; to the Committee on By Mr. BOGGS: borrow funds for capital-improvement pro­ Interstate and Foreign Commerce. H. R. 12368. A bill to amend sections 367 grams and to amend provisions of law relat­ 609. Also, petition of Charles S. Ballinger, and 1492 of the Internal Revenue Code of ing to Federal Government participation in Chattanooga, Tenn., relative to a redress of 1954 to facilitate reinvestment abroad of meeting costs of maintaining the Nation's grievance, relating to the action of the su­ earnings from private foreign investments; Capital City; to the Committee on the Dis­ preme court on desegregation; to the Com• to the Committee on Ways and Means. trict of Columbia. mittee on the Judiciary.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

Near East Peace voicing the responsibility of the Chris­ many of our most outstanding citizens who tian and Moslem world to maintain came to Washington from all parts of the country for this purpose.. Partisan politics peace in the Holy Land. had no part in its makeup or in its delibera­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS My article of May 10, 1948, and Drew· OF tions. The results of its activities wm be Pearson's article which appeared in the released on Wednesday. At its concluding HON. ABRAHAM. J. MULTER Washington Post and Times Herald of session I said to the conference: May 7, 1958, follow: OF NEW YORK "A REHABILITATION PROGRAM FOR THE MmDLE TN THE HOUSE:: OF REPRESENTATIVES A RECOVERY PLAN FOR PALESTINE EAST (Remarks Of Hon. ABRAHAM J. MULTER, Of Wednesday, May 7, 1958 . "This conference has been called primarlly New York, in the House of Representa­ to deal with an emergency which will be Mr. MULTER. Mr. Speaker, on May tives, Monday, May 10, .1948) upon us with its full force in a matter of 10, 1948, I inserted into the CONGRES• Mr. MULTER. Mr. Speaker, it was my hours, if it is not actually- upon us at this SIONAL RECORD my views regarding a re­ happy privilege to participate in a confer­ very moment. covery plan for Palestine, stating that it ence in this city which started on May 7 "For many weeks I have been urging that was incumbent upon us as Americans to and concluded last night, designated as an the way to avert the grave consequences Emergency Conference To Propose a United that can be seen by all except those who J.)reserve peace iil that area. Note, this States Polley for Palestine and the Middle was said before the new State of Israel East. - will not· look, are some very simple expe­ was established. The conference was summoned by Sen­ dients. They are: Ten years later, almost to the day, ators Charles w. Tobey, Wayne Morse, and "1. Announcement by our Government that Drew Pearson has written an article Dennis Chavez. Among its sponsors were as of May 16 it will recognize the Jewish