YASIR, et al. A Model of Communication to Empower Fisherman Community in Bengkalis Regency MIMBAR, Vol. 33, No. 2nd (December, 2017) pp 301-309

Synergy of Local Government and Indonesian National Army in Establishing State Border Area (NKRI-RDTL)

1 YUDI RUSFIANA, 2 UDAYA MADJID

Faculty of Government Management (FMP) Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri Jl. Raya Jatinangor Km. 20 Sumedang, Jawa Barat 45363 email: 1 [email protected]; 2 [email protected]

Abstract. Building border areas is a government task, including local government and other stakeholder elements. Conditions in the border area require continuation of acceleration so it really becomes the front porch of the Unitary State of the Republic of . It takes an approach in doing so, such as welfare and security approaches because security guarantees in border areas can contribute to building a conducive atmosphere. To implement within the framework of development in border areas, the synergy between local government and the Indonesian National Army (TNI) through Kowil apparatus in border areas is very important. Therefore, this article focuses on how the synergy between the Regional Government and the TNI Kowil Apparatus in developing the NKRI-RDTL Border Area. The research method used is qualitative method with literature study technique or literature study, documentation, and other descriptive technique. The results show that synergy between local government and TNI has a high urgency to do. Synergy can be done through cooperation in the implementation of tasks and functions of each stake holder, especially in the implementation of infrastructure development involving the strength and potential of Regional Apparatus, either through involvement in human resources aspects and infrastructure facilities in various activities. bhakti TNI or in activities which then synergized by the government. The synergy of development in the border areas can be achieved optimally so that it can ultimately improve the welfare of the community in an integrated manner, while supporting the performance of local government and TNI itself as an integral part of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia within the framework of development in the border region. Keywords: synergy, local government, territorial command, state border

Introduction dimension, and the rampant smuggling and outward-oriented marketing. Therefore, Development of border areas of the building the border areas of the country country is part of national development in and in NKRI-RDTL requires comprehensive general. To build border areas requires the handling, coordination and synergy from attention of all parties, both central and local various parties. governments are more focused, resulting in improving the quality of development Law Number 43 Year 2008 on implementation. State Territory has been distributed to the Government, Provincial Government, Development issues in border areas Regency / Municipal Government, and generally include geographic conditions Management Board in managing the border and topographic areas; local dimension area. Therefore, the management of the state problems such as poverty; Infrastructure; border area becomes a joint authority which national dimensions of illegal economic means involving all parties, both central and activity; regional dimension issues such as local government. social inequalities between citizens in their own country and neighboring citizens, and Among the various problems in the shifting borders; problems of economic NKRI-RTDL border region, two of them are

Received: April 21, 2017, Revision: September 27, 2017, Accepted: December18, 2017 Print ISSN: 0215-8175; Online ISSN: 2303-2499. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/mimbar.v33i2.2385.301-309 Accredited B based on the decree No.040/P/2014, valid on February, 18, 2014 until February, 18, 2019. Indexed by DOAJ, Sinta, IPI

301 YuDI RuSFIANA, et al. Synergy of Local Government and Indonesian National Army in Establishing... the construction of unfinished infrastructure The article contributes greatly to and the rampant illegal activities and security reviewing the various regulations related guarantees, especially in to border area management. However, the province which calls for a stable conducive important thing is how to synergize the area. authority of border area management to build a more advanced border area as the front porch of NKRI. Synergy is so conjunctionally urgent in the construction of state border areas, especially the synergy that must be established between the Regional Government and the Regional Army Command Apparatus because the two institutions are in the operational level and present as the representative of the state in the border region which have to carry out development with various approaches both welfare and security to ensure the sustainability of development and Figure 1. State Border Map of NKRI-RDTL the integrity of NKRI. Therefore, this article will discusses Source: Sindonews.com, retrieved on November,2nd 2017 the development situation in the scope of Agus Mulyana in Journal of Law Student Indonesia’s border area, especially East Nusa S2 Tanjungpura University Vol 2, No 4 (2013) Tenggara (NTT) territory border that directly discusses the Development of Border Area abutting to the Democratic Republic of of Indonesia and Malaysia In Badau District, Leste (RDTL), describing the actual situation Kapuas Hulu Regency through legal approach, and condition that occurred in the border, and it is mentioned that the development of Kapuas try to link or looking at synergic relationship Hulu Regency Boundary Planning becomes exists between the Regional Government and an inseparable part from RPJPD, RPJMD and the TNI through the Kowil Apparatus whose in RKPD of Kapuas Hulu Regency. Badau is an charge of improving the development in the area with excellent potential resources to be border area. Various key factors, elements, developed to encourage regional economic and various elements are also presented in activity and regional economic unit activities. this paper to be able to describe the situation Badau's strategic position in the state border that happened as it is and try to answer the area has direct access to Sarawak, East formulation of the problem that has been set. Malaysia, which is a driving force for economic The objectives that have been set out in development in Badau and its sub-districts this paper are to find out how the synergies towards the realization of the border area are developed between local government as the front porch of the Unitary Republic of and the TNI through the Regional Command Indonesia (NKRI). (Kowil) in the border area of NTT-Timor Leste, The article, substantially observing the and to know how it can contribu t e to the development of border areas of the country development occurred in the border areas. in terms of law based on recommendations of While the benefit of writing this paper is to the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation no. 2 provide theoretical and practical contribution of 2011 on Guidelines for the Establishment for policymakers at the local level and (if it of Border Management Bodies in the Region, is possible to be a recommendation for) the which regulates authority, duties, and central government and TNI in the effort of functions of the Border Management Agency policy formulation in the future. (BPP ) Provincial and Regency / Municipal The problem to be answered through BPP by taking over the authority of Provincial this research is How is the Synergy of Local Government and District / City Government Government and Kowil Army Appar a tus in as arranged in Article 6 and Article 7, Law building NTT-Timor Leste Border Area. Number 43 Year 2008, which can be done a judicial review to Supreme Court because Research methods a contradictory on Article 11 and Article 12 – of Law Number 43 Year 2008 about State The method used is qualitative method Territory or Cancel For Law. with literature study technique or literature

302 ISSN 0215-8175 | EISSN 2303-2499 MIMBAR, Vol. 33, No. 2nd (December, 2017), pp. 301-309 study which tries to collect various collective which make the function of border area data documented in the form of publications becomes important as one of the economic such as books, documents, and various other growth motor (strategic area), although it is sources. often located in periphery. This method is used by considering The development of the border area is a various elements such as fund, power, and sensitive agenda because it involves political data owned by the researchers; weight of the issues and diminishes the bilateral tension problem; and various other limitations that between two countries. The function of border must be faced by researchers in conducting area is divided into several components this research. This method and techniques that interconnected and have an important used are the best method used from the portion. Importance of border area function results of considerations undertaken to is due to border area as the face of a country produce a paper that is able to answer alongside the function as a boundary line of a research questions posed. country. A border region has a function as a symbol of identity and related fiscal functions Community Development on NTT- concerning state finance and government RTDL Border control in border region activities.

The border in Nusa Tenggara Barat Table 1 province with Timor Leste is located in three Frontier Area Functions According to districts of Belu Regency, Regency, Guo and Van Well and North Central Timor District. According to the results of the Ministry of Public Works No Guo (2005) No Van Well (2006) Research through Strategic Management 1 As a legal 1 As barriers, Study of Border Area Integrated Management Function, which divides in 2004, most areas passed as cross-border where the clearly into areas are located in Belu regency in East borderline economic, divides the administrative, Tasifeto district. territory legal, sovereign Currently, various of State Border formally within and psychological Crossings (PLBN) have been established along the authority aspects; border area. This is an effort to develop border of the state areas community that has been cultivated 2 As a control 2 As a bridge, its by government at this time, especially in function to function is to carrying out of bridge a strategic President Jokowi government era with his each activity program / “Nawa Cita.” in border as a network, Community development in NTT- government capacity RTDL border area is directed towards control building; economic development especially functioned to encourage the improvement of people’s 3 As a fiscal 3 Limits of welfare and encourage exports, so that border function, resources, it is areas are considered an economic growth related to the existence the financial of economic points that can exports to other countries. function of a and political country opportunities in Conceptual Review the utilization Border area is one of the strategic of resources in both regions; areas. Nationally, this area concerns the 4 As an identity livelihood of the people, whether viewed from symbol of the point of political interests, economic, a territory/ social, cultural, environmental, and defense nation / country of security (Moeldoko, 2010 h.3). identity.

Condition of the original border area is (Source: Guo (2005); Van Well (2006) quoted by only a line in a map, or a political boundary Kurniadi (2009: 32). mark (security checkpoints, passport control, transit points) progressing towards a wider Stephen B. Jones in Sutisna (2010: dimension. Thus, the borderless nuance is 12) formulates a theories relating to the more visible and encourages prosperity and development and management of border areas security or human security to be developed, into the scope (1) Allocation; (2) Delimination;

Accredited B based on the decree No.040/P/2014, valid on February, 18, 2014 until February, 18, 2019 303 YuDI RuSFIANA, et al. Synergy of Local Government and Indonesian National Army in Establishing...

Democration, and (3) administration. not well integrated wherein each ministry tends to run on basis of their own interests The conceptual review above and ignore alignment. emphasizes the realization of border area as a front porch that is oriented on prosperity Judging from its natural condition, NTT’s aspect and security done by various parties natural condition is not very good. NTT does both at central and local government level. not have the high natural resources that its Vertically and horizontally this is related to citizens can use to improve their welfare. the focus of work concentration of President This causes most of the people live in of RI Ir Joko Widodo and all governmental poverty line with low level of prosperity and devices, including TNI as a concrete form live in isolated and left behind areas. The main of the President Ir. Joko Widodo’s Nawacita livelihood of the people in this area is dryland Program as a form of state presence in the farmers. But one better thing is that this community. It is also for the development of condition in NTT is still better than condition defense in border region. The involvement of East Timorese people in the same border. of TNI in border area is a principle and indispensable, because after all the presence Effort of Local Government of TNI in the community is glue and a unifying in Development force to protect from the enemy’s threat. The government currently accelerating As stated above, problem in building the establishment of an integrated border state border area in NKRI-RDT, precisely in area in East Nusa Tenggara bordering on NTT province is Infrastructure development, Timor Leste, as it is known as stated in State rampant of illegal activities and security Border Area with Timor Leste State in NTT guarantees. Therefore, a solid synergy is a relatively new territory of State Border between the local government and the regional considering that Timor Leste is a country command of the Army Command is required. which was newly formed and was used to be TNI is very concerned about the one of the provinces in Indonesia. security in State Border Area in accordance The condition of border areas in East with the main duties of its functions stated Nusa Tenggara is generally still not developed in Law Number 34 Year 2004 on TNI. TNI with the less and temporary facilities and is a state defense force that has task in infrastructure. However, it is relatively better Operation Military War and Military Operations than in . In this border region there Other than War. It is including to ensure is already an activity of trading goods and security in border area and being involved services required by the people of Timor Leste in development of the region carried out with relatively higher selling value, resulting by the territorial command authorities in various illegal activities in the trade in corresponding with the Guidebook on Territorial Development (2007: 10) consist of Kodam, Kodim and Koramil who organize Territorial Development continuously, stand alone or together with relevant agencies and other community components, in accordance with the authority and legislation. Synergy is very important to do, considering Synergy is as Deardorff and Williams (2006) stated “Synergy is not something that we can hold in our hands but the term is multiply exponentially through joint, collaborative effort”. It means that Synergy is not something that we can hold by Figure 2 our hands but a term that means multiplier The economic growth of Timor Leste & effect enables individual to work or service Indonesia the energy to become multiply exponentially through joint ventures. Source: faisalbasri.com/2014/01/05/timor-leste- sudah-menyusul-indonesia Present condition Through cooperation between both Presently, the conditions of handling central and local government as government border areas, including outer islands, are still organizer, border area development efforts

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are prioritized to focus on security and Sikka 15. Maumere 21 147 welfare. Regency In security field, as it forwarded in Sumba Tempo.co tabloid 2016, Home Affairs Minister 16. Barat Waikabubak 12 - Regency Accelerates Development on the NTT-Timor Sumba Leste Border which was downloaded on July 17. Barat Daya Tambolaka 11 95 17, 2017 that the border areas of NTT-Timor Regency Leste are highly vulnerable to transnational Sumba crimes, especially human trafficking and 18. Tengah Waibakul 5 43 illegal fishing. Regency In addition, the issue of unacceptable Sumba border areas between Indonesia and Timor 19. Timur Waingapu 22 - Regency Leste also has the potential to become a security threat that could disrupt relations Timor Tengah between the two countries. Meanwhile, in 20. Soe 32 - Selatan the field of economy, development focused Regency towards welfare of the community and how to Timor create conditions for the wheels of the economy Tengah 21. Kefamenanu 9 - where people can move more quickly. One of Utara the efforts is to develop the economic area Regency and infrastructure development. Kupang 22. - 6 51 City Table 2 List of Regencies / Cities in East Nusa Source: BPS of NTT Province, 2016 Tenggara Province TNI efforts through Kowil District / Vil- No. City District Town lage Law No. 3 of 2002 about State Defense Alor in article 4 states that “State defense aims to 1. Kalabahi 17 - Regency safeguard and protect the sovereignty of the Belu State, the territorial integrity of NKRI, and the 2. 24 196 Regency safety of the whole nation from all forms of Ende threat”. TNI in carrying out its duties and role 3. Ende 40 - Regency as a defense tool of the State is always ready to perform one of its functions as a restorer Flores of all forms of threat including to carry out 4. Timur Larantuka 19 21 Regency disaster management tasks. Kupang Law No. 34 of 2004 on TNI. In Law No. 5. Oelamasi 24 218 Regency 34 of 2004 about Indonesian National Army Lembata in article 7, paragraph (2) explains that the 6. Lewoleba 9 144 Regency main task of the TNI is to implement OMSP, Malaka which is to help overcome the impact of 7. Betun 12 127 Regency natural disasters, refugees and humanitarian Manggarai aid. Thus, TNI’s strength and capability is 8. Ruteng 9 132 Regency solely to help overcome the problems that occur in all regions of Indonesia including the Manggarai government in implementing development in 9. Barat Labuan Bajo 10 - border areas. Regency Manggarai This means that TNI now is not only a 10. Timur Borong 6 104 national defense instrument that serves to Regency fight aggressor, but TNI can also be deployed Ngada to face other things outside of war. For 11. Bajawa 9 - Regency example, as mentioned above TNI power Nagekeo might be used in handling the impact of 12. Mbay 7 90 Regency natural disasters, humanitarian assistance, and other operational purposes. Rote Ndao 13. Baa 10 - Regency The international dynamics of Sabu Raijua globalization have brought international issues 14. Seba 6 - Regency to emerge the requirement of special handling because they are no longer mainstream. The

Accredited B based on the decree No.040/P/2014, valid on February, 18, 2014 until February, 18, 2019 305 YuDI RuSFIANA, et al. Synergy of Local Government and Indonesian National Army in Establishing... existing international relations are no longer by the visits of both parties of the Pamtas of a conflictual nature but are cooperational apparatus. The exchange of information in or mutually cooperative between countries. the braid of maintaining security in this border Therefore, the fact in the field, the function of region continues to run. This means that In the army as the main force of the defense of addition to maintaining the security of the a country may change its function to face the state, the troops of the Indonesian National non-military threats due to the development Army (TNI) and the Kowil apparatus as stated of the era and globalization. in indonesianmilitary.com/2016/03/tni- membakar-motor-illegal-akan-dikirim.html In line with this, international issues downloaded on November 2nd 2017 are often and globalization that occurred have influence play a role in preventing the rise of smuggled to the region. This is because the various goods entering and going out of state. One agreements in high-level agreements made of them which is done by the TNI officers in by the state will affect the lives of the the border guarding area of Indonesia-Timor people to the smallest. This is because the Leste is success. international agreement that has been made will be a determinant of rights and obligations These efforts can enhance cooperation for each party to the agreement. Violation of it in border areas and possibly in other areas that will disrupt the diplomatic relations that have can improve the relationship of government been established. officials and relationships along the border lines of both countries. The threat posed by globalization also consists of various forms of threat, Furthermore, the gap between both physical and non-physical threats. Indonesia’s border regions and neighboring Physical threats include the emergence of countries lies mainly in economic issues. TNI internationally organized groups to commit in this case territorial command has been transnational crimes. The crimes meant above involved in infrastructure development and are those that committed among others such other government facilities through the Bhakti as terrorism, international human trafficking, TNI program which is certainly related to smuggling, narcotics, illegal logging, illegal the main task of the TNI to guard the state fishing, etc. sovereignty. Whilst non-physical threats may include Thus the activities of soldiers have the influence of global media in building encouraged the construction of public facilities public opinion, the influence of technology such as schools and others. TNI Commander- on people’s lives as humans, the moral in-Chief TNI Gatot Nurmantyo has stated degradation of the young generation, the that the deployment of TNI unit titles must erosion of nationalism values within society, have an impact on economic development in and other threats that pose a t h reat to the region. Once TNI unit slowly make the security and the defense of the nation and economy in the area continues to grow. state. Building physical infrastructure in At the regional level, TNI performs the NKRI-RDTL border region is aimed at its functions as a state defense instrument empowering and improving the level of through the Regional Command (Kowil) who economy and welfare of the border community exists throughout the territory of the unitary and also on the other hand facilitating the state of the Republic of Indonesia. Kowil is at mobilization of the TNI in its task away from the forefront of the society who protects and populated areas. assumes responsibility for their security and If the infrastructure is completed, it defense, particularly in this context for Kowil will greatly assist the TNI in maintaining the in the border area. situation and the conditions of the threat In the context of carrying out the task, of good smuggling. With various activities as in www.tniad.mil.id/index.php/2016/07/ carried out by the TNI, people in the border satgas-pamtas-ri-rdtl-yonif-raider-321- have a high sense of nationalism; they feel kostrad-terima-kaw-up-timor-leste/ which cared for and become part of the people of was downloaded by 20thof July 2017, said that Indonesia. All efforts that have been made by Kowil apparatuses who had been appointed to the TNI, it is expected that local governments carry out the tasks in the border area include and central government also participate the Task Force Command Pamtas RI-RDTL in supporting equity and acceleration of West Sector Infantry Battalion Raider 321 / development in the border region and the Galuh Taruna (GT) Kostrad headquartered islands ahead. in Eban Village West Miomaffo Sub-district, TTU, NTT. The implementation of the Urgency Synergy current border control between Indonesia and Timor Leste is conducive, as evidenced Synergy is a joint effort to unite forces to achieve common goals. By synergizing the

306 ISSN 0215-8175 | EISSN 2303-2499 MIMBAR, Vol. 33, No. 2nd (December, 2017), pp. 301-309 various resources scattered in each entity can makes many qualified human resources in be combined and directed toward the shared the regions forced to not build their own area direction so it will realize the common goals and go to build other areas of people who are as had been expected before. more promising for their welfare. Current development in the country In terms of synergy, the local of Indonesia as stated in Bappenas. On government as the responsive one for handling http://www.bappenas.go.id/id/berita-dan- regional development needs assistance from siaran-pers/features/raker-iii-presiden- all parties including the TNI through kowil. enge-sinergi-pusat-daerah-untuk-cam- Synergy is needed to create unity and pembangunan-daerah which is retrieved by development unity especially in NTT-RTDL August 16th, 2017 relating to the acceleration border area. Synergy becomes the binding of development that occurred in the border of various parties to achieve the common region, is currently still focused on the goal, namely the development that leads to island of Java. This has happened since the reach the welfare of the people. In synergy beginning of the independence period to the efforts, each collaborating party can take present day. action in accordance with the capabilities and their respective fields. For example, the TNI Various efforts have been made since in the field of maintaining border security, the new order era until the reforms to create Local Government in terms of coordinating equitable development conditions such as actions and various policies, Ministry of through transmigration, distribution and Public Works and Ministry of Communication placement of qualified human resources in Information and Ministry of Transportation various fields to various regions in Indonesia, through local agencies in the effort of facilities but still have not provide significant results and infrastructure development and also the yet for equitable development, including involvement of other parties such as the development occurred in the border area. Ministry of Small Medium Enterprises and The emergence of regional autonomy Cooperatives and Private Companies in the policy based on the idea of decentralization process of economic development either in brings positive and negative benefits for the the form of MSMEs although training in terms development that occurred. On the other of investment. hand, the policy of Regional Autonomy will The synergy becomes very important benefit their respective regi o ns because of for the development of the people and the authority, while regions have the authority achievement of welfare. If the synergy is to manage their own natural r e sources not done it will bring bad impact to the within their territories to utilize them for the community, namely the split direction of people of the region (management authority). development and all parties will go back to However, the implementation of this policy run their own spent resources with ineffective will be detrimental to the development of the and inefficient use. state integrally because there is an imbalance development caused by the different ability of Expected Conditions When Synergy one region with other regions in developing its potential. Discontinued When the synergy is implemented, Areas with high resources will not worry mainly between the Government through because they can rely on their own natural the Regional Government and TNI through resources to support the development, but Kowil, it is expected to create acceleration for areas which do not have a lot of natural of development through The formation of resources, it will complicate the development various infrastructure and public facilities for process that occurred. the community, especially those supporting This is also related to the support of the development of the community by building Human Resources in the regions. Particularly transportation and communication facilities so in the border areas, the available of Human that people on the border can increase their Resources are limited because many qualified own potential and their respective economies. human resources leave their area and live The realization of an integrated vision in big cities, in the capital or even abroad. that integrates all work programs related to It relates to prosperity on the one hand the supervision and development of the NTT- and nationalism on the other hand. The RDTL border areas results in combining the compulsion in terms of economic needs various roadmaps owned by each institution

Accredited B based on the decree No.040/P/2014, valid on February, 18, 2014 until February, 18, 2019 307 YuDI RuSFIANA, et al. Synergy of Local Government and Indonesian National Army in Establishing... so the development that happens will be more relations between the two countries in focused and faster. general. Present the community as a supporting Expected Development Steps element for security and defense in border areas. In order to support development, The creation of a joint Master Plan communities can also be an element for among the Government, TNI, and with other the security of border areas. Society can be stakeholders in general, resulting in an an informant for transnational crimes that integrated coordination of a decision-making occurred so the threat will not interrupt the committee. process of ongoing development. With the master plan, the coordination The emergence sense of belonging from between various institutions and their every element of society, government, and respective authorities can be more controllable TNI are tasked with the main foundation of and directed so that development will be more nationalism, the spirit of nationality and state focus and accelerated development can be defending so the development will be done achieved as expected. on the spirit and minimize the occurrence of The priority of infrastructure and various acts of cheating such as corruption. infrastructures development in the form of It has been clearly and legally- roads to regulate inter-regional connectivity documented about the various boundary so can accelerate the economic activity. documents between Indonesia and Timor The development of infrastructure Leste so there are no more seeds of disputes in the form of facilities and infrastructure that could disrupt diplomatic relations. of communications will be able to improve It aims to increased quality of life the welfare of the community significantly, and living standards of border communities because it will accelerate the pace of economic through improved education, health, and the activity that occurred in the border area. economy. It is expected that the synergy It is a combination effort of people’s can be maximized through the construction power and TNI in the border as a shieldmain of academic facilities such as schools, the in warding off every form threats of defense availability of teachers and educators, the and security. Communities can contribute availability of hospitals and health facilities to support development through the act of along with more competent medical officers, counteracting security threats, for example, as well as the availability of jobs and ease in be the reporting of an act or suspicious action conducting business climate. across borders (becoming informants for the The state border area becomes a duty officers). representation for the entire territory of the Bringing the spirit of nationality within country. Speaking of borders is inseparable the border community to feel proud of NKRI from talking about the sovereignty of the and feel that the government is always with state. Once the importance of the border them. makes the government should pay great attention. It is so strategic that the border can By bringing the spirit of the society, they affect life in a country or region. By keeping will feel more attention from the government the border well by improve all of those so the spirit of nationalism re-emerged in the expected qualities (safety, education, health process of development acceleration. as well as economy), it will bring a positive Accelerate declarations and the setting impact on a region since it represent the entire of inter-boundary lines countries with the condition of the country. So the appearance clear boundary markers and protected by of the border area should be as beautiful as international law and built enough TNI unit possible to make the tourism turmoil increase to be integrated with local non-military power as well as to raise the dignity and honor of in order to maintain the territory border of all the nation in the international eyes. forms threat. Establishment of diplomatic, cooperation International Declaration of a clear between two adjacent countries, more boundary line can only minimize the potential specifically cooperation between two adjacent for diplomatic disputes between the two regions, for example through sister city. With countries but can also assist TNI activities in the expected cooperation will bring benefits charge of performing tasks more clearly and to both regions in particular and diplomatic

308 ISSN 0215-8175 | EISSN 2303-2499 MIMBAR, Vol. 33, No. 2nd (December, 2017), pp. 301-309 directed. Officials in the field will be more regulated how this area should be managed. easily assisted in safeguarding the security However, the most important thing in and defense of border areas from any threats establishing border areas as well as in the that arise if the defined boundaries are clearly NTT Province directly bordering on RDTL is defined. synergy, or cooperation and collaboration as to Develop human resources and unravel accelerate the development of infrastructure, underdevelopment through accelerated economic and secured territorial security. development efforts in the form of The synergy can be done by the Regional establishment of vital public facilities in the Government and the Kowil Apparatus in this border area of NTT-Timor Leste. case Kodam, Korem, and Kodim through The construction of vital facilities such various activities that can be constitutionally as hospitals, schools and commercial areas as the involvement of Kowil in planning can help improve the welfare of the people development, linking the activities of Kowil at the border an d can raise the status of as well as Bhakti TNI, TMMD in development today’s backward and isolated societies into activities and development community in the high-confidence-minded societies in the face border area. of the impact of globalization which also has In the end, development is done by an effect on the border area. Make the border combining the authority and function of every region a state storefront or front porch not as institution, stakeholders, and other resources the backyard of the country. into a major systemic plan which is carried out As fort of a sov e reign state, border through a centralized coordination to achieve areas should rec e ive special attention the various objectives. primarily for the acceleration of development This is called a synergy. The local process, since the border areas have many government and the TNI through Kowil have potentials that c an be developed for the their own roles, but the combination of these tourism industry . The state will be well roles is what makes accelerated development regarded if the d evelopment of its border possible. areas is good because the border region can be a representation of the country in the eyes References of the internati o nal.Improving the quality and quantity of bilateral cooperation between Hildebrand, ME & Grindle, MS (1997), two countries bordering on various forms eg “Building sustainable capacity in the public sister city. sector what can be done?” In MS, Grindle (Ed), Harvard University Press Various forms of cooperation as a Ministry of Public Works, (2009). Materials/ form of synergy that will be carried out will information from several studies bring benefits such as improving diplomatic Directorate General of Spatial Planning relations more closely, the process of Kurniadi, D. (2009). Strategy for Development cooperation is more open in various fields, of Boundary Territories: Encouraging and minimize the conflict so can create easier Economic Growth Entikong Sanggau task and performance of the local government District, West Kalimantan Province. and TNI itself because basically a kind of good Semarang: Onsoed. sister city cooperation can be done directly by Moeldoko. (2010). The Complexity of Border the community where the government only Management (Review of Indonesian serves as facilitator and guide the way for the Border Management Policy Perspective). ongoing cooperation. Jakarta. Sutisna, et al. “Boundary Making Theory and Border Management of Indonesia,” Conclusions in Ludiro Madu (ed). 2010. Managing The state border area is a strategic area Indonesia’s Border in a Boundless World: and the country’s foremost porch. This area Issues, issues, and policy options. must be built, so various regulations have Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.

Accredited B based on the decree No.040/P/2014, valid on February, 18, 2014 until February, 18, 2019 309