National Monument Date SNo Location Description Name Established Occupying most of Admiralty Island, the 7th largest in the , this monument is part of Tongass National Forest in the Alaska Panhandle. It Alaska has a large population of grizzly, black, and brown December 1 Admiralty Island 57°38′N 134°21′W / bears, as well as whales, mountain goats, and deer. 1, 1978 57.64°N 134.35°W Most of the monument has been declared the Kootznoowoo Wilderness, restricting future development. The Greens Creek mine lies within the monument. Re-discovered in 1991 during excavations for a new New York federal building, this former burial ground that 40°42′52″N African Burial February contains the remains of more than 400 free and 2 74°00′15″W / Ground 27, 2006 enslaved Africans buried during the 17th and 40.7144°N 18th centuries was designated a National Historic 74.0042°W Landmark memorial in 1993. The valley of the is known for its 42°24′58″N June 14, 3 Agate Fossil Beds large number of well-preserved Miocene mammal 103°43′41″W / 1997 fossils which date from about 20 million years ago. 42.416°N 103.728°W Located around the of the Agua Fria River, it Arizona January 11, contains more than 450 distinct Native American 4 Agua Fria 34°09′N 112°05′W / 2000 structures, including large pueblos with more than 34.15°N 112.08°W 100 rooms. Alibates was the quarry site for high-quality, rainbow-hued flint that was distributed throughout Texas Alibates Flint August 21, the Great Plains in pre-Columbian times. It is jointly 5 35°34′N 101°40′W / Quarries 1965 operated with the Lake Meredith National Recreation 35.57°N 101.67°W Area and includes the ruins of several Plains Village Indian dwellings. Mount Aniakchak, which erupted 3,500 years ago, Alaska and the surrounding region make up one of the least December 6 Aniakchak 56°54′N 158°09′W / visited NPS sites. Surprise Lake, within the volcano's 1, 1978 56.9°N 158.15°W 6-mile (9.7 km) wide, 2,500-foot (760 m) deep caldera, is the source of the Aniakchak River. The ruins contain Pueblo structures from the 11th to New 13th centuries with more than 400 masonry rooms January 24, 7 Aztec Ruins 36°50′N 107°00′W / which were misidentified by early American settlers 1923 36.83°N 107.00°W as Aztec. It lies within the World Heritage Site of Chaco Culture National Historical Park. A historic district, Bandelier contains Frijoles February 8 Bandelier 35°47′N 106°16′W / Canyon, which contains Ancestral Pueblo homes, 11, 1916 35.78°N 106.27°W kivas, rock paintings and petroglyphs. The Booker T. Washington National Monument 2 Virginia preserves portions of the 207-acre (0.84 km ) Booker T. 37°07′23″N April 2, tobacco farm on which educator and civil rights 9 Washington 79°45′58″W / 1956 leader Booker T. Washington was born into slavery 37.123°N 79.766°W on April 5, 1856. The site contains replicas of the house Washington was born in, a smokehouse, a blacksmith shed, a tobacco barn, and a horse barn. Most of this 19,000-acre (77 km2) monument is underwater, containing a large elkhorn coral barrier US Virgin Islands December reef that provides cover for a great variety of reef 10 Buck Island Reef 17°47′N 64°37′W / 28, 1961 fish, sea turtles and Least Terns. It is based around 17.79°N 64.62°W Buck Island, an uninhabited 176-acre (0.71 km2) island. This monument commemorates the landing of Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo at San Diego Bay on September 28, 1542, which was the first European expedition on October 14, 11 Cabrillo 32°40′N 117°14′W / what later became the west coast of the U.S. The 1913 32.67°N 117.24°W monument includes a statue of Cabrillo and 16th- century coastal artillery batteries built to protect the harbor of San Diego from enemy warships. This monument ensures the protection of all islets, California reefs and rock outcroppings from the coast of January 11, 12 California Coastal 36°53′N 122°11′W / California to a distance of 12 nautical miles (22 km), 2000 36.89°N 122.18°W along the entire 840-mile (1,350 km) long California coastline. Located within the boundaries of the Navajo Nation, Arizona April 1, it preserves the valleys and rims of the of de 13 Canyon de Chelly 36°08′N 109°28′W / 1931 Chelly, del Muerto, and Monument, all of which are 36.13°N 109.47°W Navajo Tribal Trust Lands. Colorado Surrounding Hovenweep National Monument, it Canyons of the June 9, 14 37°22′N 109°00′W / preserves and protects more than 6,000 archeological Ancients 2000 37.37°N 109°W sites, the largest concentration in the U.S. Co-located with the NHLD Cape Krusenstern Archeological District, this coastal plain contains Alaska December large lagoons and rolling hills of limestone. The 15 Cape Krusenstern 67°25′N 163°30′W / 1, 1978 bluffs record thousands of years of change in the 67.41°N 163.50°W shorelines of the Chukchi Sea, as well as evidence of some 9,000 years of human habitation. Capulin is an extinct cinder cone volcano that is New Mexico approximately 59,000 years old and part of the August 9, 16 Capulin Volcano 36°47′N 103°58′W / Raton-Clayton Volcanic Field. The crater is 400 feet 1916 36.79°N 103.96°W (120 m) deep and its rim is more than 1,500 feet (460 m) in diameter. Carrizo Plain is the largest single native grassland California remaining in California. It contains part of the San January 12, 17 Carrizo Plain 35°10′N 119°45′W / Andreas Fault and is surrounded by the Temblor 2001 35.16°N 119.75°W Range and the Caliente Range. At the center of the plain is Soda Lake, which is near Painted Rock. This monument preserves a group of structures Arizona surrounded by a compound wall in the Gila Valley August 3, 18 Casa Grande Ruins 32°59′N 111°32′W / that were built in the early 13th century. They were 1918 32.99°N 111.54°W inhabited by the Hohokam people until they were abandoned in the mid-15th century. One of the most diverse ecosystems found in the Oregon June 9, Cascade Range, it has more than 100 dwelling and 19 Cascade–Siskiyou 42°05′N 122°28′W / 2000 root- sites belonging to the Modoc, 42.08°N 122.46°W Klamath, and Shasta tribes. This Spanish fort near St. Augustine, called Fort Marion when first protected, served for 205 years Florida under four different flags. Built in 1672, it was Castillo de San 29°53′53″N October 15, involved in sieges with the British while under 20 Marcos 81°18′40″W / 1924 Spanish command, the American Revolution under 29.898°N 81.311°W Britain, the Civil War under the Confederacy, and the Seminole Wars and the Spanish-American War under the United States. A circular sandstone fort built in 1811 at the New York southern tip of Manhattan to protect New York City 40°42′13″N August 12, from the British, Castle Clinton is now located in 21 Castle Clinton 74°01′01″W / 1946 Battery Park. It later became a beer garden, a theater, 40.7036°N the first immigration station (predating Ellis Island), 74.0169°W and a public aquarium. A natural amphitheater canyon similar to formations August 22, at Bryce Canyon National Park, it stretches over 3 22 Cedar Breaks 37°38′N 112°51′W / 1933 miles (4.8 km) and is more than 2,000 feet (610 m) 37.63°N 112.85°W deep. This monument commemorates the life and work of California labor leader and civil right activist Cesar Chavez. 35°13′38″N October 8, Called La Paz, the site was Chavez's home for about 23 César E. Chávez 118°33′41″W / 2012 20 years, and his gravesite is on the premises. It is 35.2273°N also the location of the headquarters of United Farm 118.5614°W Workers, which was founded by Chavez. Charles Young was the first African American to reach the rank of Colonel in the US Army. He was Charles Young March 25, also the first national park superintendent, of Sequoia 24 Ohio Buffalo Soldiers 2013 and General Grant National Parks and a professor at Wilberforce University. His home at Wilberforce is a museum commemorating his life. Colorado The jewel of San Juan National Forest, the site was 37°11′30″N once home to the ancestors of the modern Pueblo September 25 Chimney Rock 107°18′23″W / Indians. Roughly 1,000 years ago, the Ancestral 21, 2012 37.1917°N Pueblo People built more than 200 homes and 107.3064°W ceremonial buildings high above the valley floor. These pillars of rhyolite tuff are the eroded remains Arizona April 18, of an immense volcanic eruption that shook the 26 Chiricahua 32°01′N 109°21′W / 1924 region some 27 million years ago. It was called the 32.02°N 109.35°W Land of the Standing-Up Rocks by the Apache. Monument Canyon runs the width of the park and includes rock formations formed by erosion. The 2 Colorado monument includes 20,500 acres (83 km ) of semi- May 24, 27 Colorado 39°02′N 108°41′W / desert land high on the Colorado Plateau and has a 1911 39.04°N 108.69°W wide range of wildlife including pinyon pines, juniper trees, ravens, jays, Desert Bighorn Sheep, and coyotes as well as a range of recreational activities. One of the best preserved flood basalt areas in the Idaho May 2, continental U.S. contains three lava fields along the 28 Craters of the Moon 43°25′N 113°31′W / 1924 Great Rift of Idaho as well as the world's deepest 43.42°N 113.52°W open rift cracks and other volcanic features. Once part of Yosemite National Park, this monument California May 6, is a dark cliff of columnar basalt created by a lava 29 Devils Postpile 37°30′N 119°05′W / 1911 flow at least 100,000 years ago. It also has the 101- 37.50°N 119.08°W foot (31 m)-high Rainbow Falls. The tower is a monolithic igneous intrusion of volcanic neck rising dramatically 1,267 feet (386 m) September 30 44°35′N 104°43′W / above the surrounding terrain. Proclaimed by 24, 1906 44.59°N 104.72°W Theodore Roosevelt, this was the first national monument. This sandstone and conglomerate bed, known as the Colorado, Utah Morrison Formation, was formed in the Jurassic October 4, 31 Dinosaur 40°32′N 108°59′W / Period and contains fossils of dinosaurs including 1915 40.53°N 108.98°W Allosaurus and various long-neck and long-tail sauropods. This monument preserves three prehistoric sites with October 25, 32 Effigy Mounds 43°05′N 91°11′W / 206 prehistoric mounds, notable for 31 unusual 1949 43.09°N 91.19°W mounds in the shape of mammals, birds, or reptiles. An extremely rough, rugged lava flow covers much of the park, filling a large basin rimmed by higher New Mexico sandstone that forms large, wind-carved bluffs. It has December 33 El Malpais 34°53′N 108°03′W / lava tube caves that stretch over 17 miles (27 km) 31, 1987 34.88°N 108.05°W and the Cebolla Wilderness, a forested rimrock area that features prehistoric rock art and the Zuni-Acoma , an ancient Pueblo trade route. On the site of an ancient east-west trail is a great New Mexico December sandstone promontory with a pool of water at its 34 El Morro 35°02′N 108°21′W / 8, 1906 base. There are inscriptions from the 17th century as 35.04°N 108.35°W well as older petroglyphs made by the Anasazi. Delaware was the first state to ratify the Constitution, and this monument preserves Dover Green, the New Castle Court House complex, and March 25, 35 First State Delaware the Woodlawn property. These sites commemorate 2013 Delaware's early settlement, colonial period, and ratification of the Constitution. Delaware is the last state or territory have a NPS unit. Huge petrified redwoods and incredibly detailed Colorado Florissant Fossil August 20, fossils of ancient insects and plants reveal a very 36 38°55′N 105°16′W / Beds 1969 different landscape in Colorado of almost 35 million 38.92°N 105.27°W years ago in the Eocene age. Built by James Oglethorpe between 1736 and 1748, Georgia these remnants of a fort and town protected the 31°13′26″N May 26, 37 Fort Frederica southern boundary of the British colony of Georgia 81°23′35″W / 1936 from Spanish raids. It was a few miles from the site 31.224°N 81.393°W of the Battle of Bloody Marsh. This 1740 Spanish fort guarded Matanzas Inlet, the Florida southern mouth of the Matanzas River, which 29°42′54″N October 15, allowed access to St. Augustine. The monument is 38 Fort Matanzas 81°14′20″W / 1924 managed in conjunction with Castillo de San Marcos 29.715°N 81.239°W National Monument and also protects 100 acres (0.40 km2) of salt marsh and barrier islands. The only place designated a national monument and Maryland historic shrine, Fort McHenry is a star-shaped fort 39°15′47″N March 3, best known for its role in the War of 1812 when it 39 Fort McHenry 76°34′44″W / 1925 successfully defended Baltimore Harbor from an 39.263°N 76.579°W attack by the British navy. It inspired Francis Scott Key to write "The Star-Spangled Banner". Fort Monroe National Monument spans the Virginia American story from the 17th to the 21st centuries: 37°00′14″N November 40 Fort Monroe Captain John Smith's journeys, a haven of freedom 76°18′29″W / 1, 2011 for the enslaved during the Civil War, and a bastion 37.004°N 76.308°W of defense for the Chesapeake Bay. California36°38′21″N 121°44′07″W / April 20, Fort Ord was an Army post from 1917 to 1994. It 41 Fort Ord 36.639167°N 2012 now has recreational and various wildlife. 121.735278°W In 1862 during the American Civil War, the Union Army successfully tested a rifled cannon against the Georgia defending Confederates, rendering brick 32°01′37″N October 15, fortifications obsolete. Fort Pulaski was also used as 42 Fort Pulaski 80°53′24″W / 1924 a prisoner-of-war camp during the war. The national 32.027°N 80.890°W monument includes most of Cockspur Island (containing the fort) and all of adjacent McQueens Island. Fort Stanwix guarded a portage known as the Oneida New York Carrying Place during the French and Indian War. In 43°13′05″N August 21, 1768, the Treaty of Fort Stanwix was negotiated 43 Fort Stanwix 75°27′32″W / 1935 between the British and the Iroquois, which led to 43.218°N 75.459°W further hostilities. It fell into ruin and was rebuilt in the late 1970s. Fort Sumter is a Third System masonry coastal fortification located in Charleston harbor, South South Carolina Carolina. It is best known as the site where the shots 32°45′07″N April 28, initiating the American Civil War were fired, at the 44 Fort Sumter 79°52′26″W / 1948 Battle of Fort Sumter. Nearby Fort Moultrie is a unit 32.752°N 79.874°W of this monument; it was made of palmetto logs and inspired the flag and nickname (Palmetto State) of South Carolina. New Mexico A frontier military post and supply depot in the late 35°55′30″N April 5, 19th century, it sat at the intersection of the 45 Fort Union 105°00′32″W / 1956 Mountain and Cimarron Branches of the old Santa 35.925°N 105.009°W Fe Trail. Fossil Butte preserves the 50-million-year-old Green River lake beds, the best paleontological record of tertiary aquatic communities in North America. Wyoming October 23, Fossils including fish, alligators, bats, turtles, dog- 46 Fossil Butte 41°52′N 110°46′W / 1972 sized horses, insects, and many other species of 41.86°N 110.77°W plants and animals suggest that the region was a low, subtropical, freshwater basin when the sediments accumulated, over about a 2-million-year period. Representative of 18th-century Virginia tobacco farms, this site is the birthplace and boyhood Virginia environment of George Washington. The entrance 38°11′10″N includes a Memorial Shaft obelisk of Vermont George Washington January 23, 47 76°55′50″W / marble that is a one-tenth scale replica of the Birthplace 1930 38.1861°N Washington Monument in Washington, D.C. Also 76.9305°W within the monument are the historic birthplace home area, a kitchen house, and the Washington family burial ground. The site preserves Moses Carver's farm, which was the boyhood home of George Washington Carver, a George Washington 36°59′10″N July 14, 48 scientist and educator who developed many uses for Carver 94°21′14″W / 1943 peanuts. It was the first national monument dedicated 36.986°N 94.354°W to an African-American and first to a non-president. The monument includes 38 of the 39 Giant Sequoia groves in the Sequoia National Forest, amounting to California April 15, about half of the sequoia groves currently in 49 Giant Sequoia 36°02′N 118°30′W / 2000 existence. This includes one of the ten largest Giant 36.04°N 118.50°W Sequoias, the Boole Tree. Its two parts are around Kings Canyon and Sequoia National Parks. Located within the Gila Wilderness, the people of the Mogollon culture lived in these cliff dwellings 180 New Mexico November feet (55 m) above the canyon floor from the 1280s 50 Gila Cliff Dwellings 33°14′N 108°17′W / 16, 1907 through the early 14th century. They lived in five 33.24°N 108.28°W caves with 46 rooms. Henry B. Ailman discovered them in 1878. From 1783 to 1966, Governors Island in New York New York Harbor was an Army post, and from 1966 to 1996 it 40°41′28″N January 19, was a Coast Guard installation. Located on 51 Governors Island 74°00′58″W / 2001 Governors Island are Castle Williams and Fort Jay, 40.691°N 74.016°W which served as outposts to protect New York City from sea attack. Located on the northern rim of the Grand Canyon, this diverse landscape includes an array of scientific Arizona and historic resources. About 20,000 of the Grand Canyon- January 11, 52 36°24′N 113°42′W / 2 Parashant 2000 monument's 1,017,000 acres (4,120 km ) are also 36.4°N 113.7°W within Lake Mead National Recreation Area; Grand Canyon-Parashant is not considered an official NPS unit. There are no paved roads or visitor services. The Grand Portage itself is an 8.5-mile (13.7 km) Minnesota footpath which bypasses a set of waterfalls on the January 27, 53 Grand Portage 47°58′N 89°41′W / Pigeon River near Lake Superior. The region was a 1960 47.96°N 89.68°W vital trade route and center of fur trade activity as well as an Anishinaabeg Ojibwe heritage site. Preserving 1,900,000 acres (7,700 km2), the Utah monument consists of the Grand Staircase, the Grand Staircase- September 54 37°24′N 111°41′W / Kaiparowits Plateau, and the Canyons of the Escalante 18, 1996 37.4°N 111.68°W Escalante. It is notable for its paleontological finds and geology, and it was the first monument to be maintained by the Bureau of Land Management. This monument contains the largest concentration of Hagerman Horse fossils in North America. It Idaho protects the world's richest known fossil deposits Hagerman Fossil November 55 42°47′N 114°57′W / from the late Pliocene epoch, 3.5 million years ago. Beds 18, 1988 42.79°N 114.95°W These plants and animals represent the last glimpse of time that existed before the Ice Age, and the earliest appearances of modern flora and fauna. Created from what used to be the security buffer surrounding the Hanford Nuclear Reservation, this area has been untouched by development or Washington June 8, agriculture since 1943. The area is part of the 56 Hanford Reach 46°29′N 119°32′W / 2000 Columbia River Plateau, formed by basalt lava flows 46.48°N 119.53°W and water erosion, and is named after the Hanford Reach, the last free flowing section of the Columbia River. Harriet Tubman was a famed conductor on the Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad, leading dozens of slaves to March 25, 57 Underground Maryland freedom. This monument includes sites relating to 2013 Railroad Tubman's life, including the slave-built Stewart’s Canal and the home of Jacob Jackson. Hohokam Pima is part of the Gila River Indian Arizona Community and not open to the public. The October 21, 58 Hohokam Pima 33°11′N 111°55′W / monument preserves the Snaketown-Settlement, 1972 33.19°N 111.91°W archeological remains of the Hohokam culture, which lived in the area until 1500. Daniel Freeman's homestead was recognized by the Nebraska United States Congress as the first homestead in the 40°17′06″N March 19, 59 Homestead nation obtained through the Homestead Act of 1862. 96°49′19″W / 1936 The monument contains a visitor center, a tract of 40.285°N 96.822°W tallgrass prairie, and the Freeman School. Hovenweep contains six clusters of Native American ruins. Holly Canyon, Hackberry Canyon, Cutthroat Colorado, Utah March 2, Castle and Goodman Point are in Colorado and 60 Hovenweep 37°23′N 109°05′W / 1923 Square Tower and Cajon are in Utah. Ancient 37.38°N 109.08°W Pueblo Peoples lived in the Hovenweep area from 1150 to 1350. Located within the Sonoran Desert, significant concentrations of ironwood (Olneya tesota) trees Arizona June 9, and two endangered animal and plant species are 61 Ironwood Forest 32°28′N 111°34′W / 2000 found within the monument. More than 32.46°N 111.57°W 200 Hohokam and Paleoindian archeological sites have been identified from between 600 and 1450 AD Jewel Cave is the second longest cave in the world, South Dakota February 7, with about 141 miles (227 km) of mapped 62 Jewel Cave 43°44′N 103°50′W / 1908 passageways. In the Black Hills, it was discovered in 43.73°N 103.83°W 1900 and is so named because of its calcite crystals. Located within the John Day River Basin, the Fossil Beds have a well-preserved, complete record of fossil plants and animals from more than 40 of the Oregon 65 million years of the Cenozoic Era. The monument John Day Fossil October 26, 63 44°40′N 120°03′W / is divided into three units: Painted Hills, named for Beds 1974 44.67°N 120.05°W its delicately colored stratifications; Sheep Rock; and Clarno. Blue Basin is a volcanic ash bowl transformed into claystone by eons of erosion, colored pastel blue by minerals. Kasha-Katuwe is known for its geology of layers of volcanic rock and ash deposited by a volcanic New Mexico Kasha-Katuwe Tent January 17, explosion. Over time, weathering and erosion of 64 35°40′N 106°25′W / Rocks 2001 these layers has created canyons and tent rocks. The 35.67°N 106.42°W tent rocks themselves are cones of soft pumice and tuff beneath harder caprocks. This is the site of the largest concentration of lava tube caves in North America. It also includes California November Petroglyph Point, one of the largest panels of Native 65 Lava Beds 41°43′N 121°31′W / 21, 1925 American rock art. The monument lies on the 41.71°N 121.51°W northeast flank of the Medicine Lake Volcano, the largest volcano in the Cascade Range. This monument includes the 1876 Battle of the Little Montana Bighorn between 's Little Bighorn 66 45°34′N 107°26′W / July 1, 1940 7th Cavalry and a combined Lakota-Northern Battlefield 45.57°N 107.43°W Cheyenne and Arapaho force, Custer National Cemetery, and the Reno-Benteen Battlefield. Covering over 95,000 square miles (250,000 km2), Northern Mariana this marine monument includes the waters and Marianas Trench Islands, Guam January 6, 67 submerged lands of the three northernmost islands of Marine 20°N 145°E / 20°N 2009 the Mariana Archipelago, the submerged lands of 145°E 22 designated volcanic sites, and the Mariana Trench. Located within the Tongass National Forest and called The Yosemite of the North for its similar geology, it also contains the Quartz Hill Alaska molybdenum deposit, possibly the largest such December 68 Misty Fjords 55°37′N 130°37′W / mineral deposit in the world. Throughout the 1, 1978 55.62°N 130.61°W monument is light-colored granite, about 50 to 70 million years old (Eocene Epoch to Cretaceous Period), that has been sculpted by glaciers that gouged deep U-shaped troughs. Montezuma Castle features well-preserved cliff dwellings built and used by the Pre-Columbian Arizona Sinagua people around 1400 AD. Several Hopi clans December 69 Montezuma Castle 34°37′N 111°50′W / trace their roots to the area, which is not connected 8, 1906 34.61°N 111.84°W to Montezuma. The monument also includes the Montezuma Well, which has been used for irrigation since the 8th century. Following the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington August 27, this area was set aside for research, recreation, and 70 Mount St. Helens 46°14′N 122°11′W / 1982 education. The environment is left to respond 46.23°N 122.18°W naturally to the disturbance. Part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, it California January 9, protects one of the last old growth Coast Redwood 71 Muir Woods 37°53′N 122°35′W / 1908 (Sequoia sempervirens) groves in the San Francisco 37.89°N 122.58°W Bay Area as well as one of the most easily accessed. Located at the junction of White Canyon and Armstrong Canyon, it is part of the Colorado River Utah April 16, drainage. It features the second- and third-largest 72 Natural Bridges 37°35′N 110°00′W / 1908 natural bridges in the world, carved from the white 37.58°N 110°W Triassic sandstone of the Cedar Mesa Formation that gives White Canyon its name. This monument preserves three of the most intact Arizona cliff dwellings of the Ancestral Puebloan people, the March 20, 73 Navajo 36°41′N 110°32′W / Anasazi. The monument is high on the Shonto 1909 36.68°N 110.53°W plateau, overlooking the Tsegi Canyon system in the Navajo Nation in Northern Arizona. Located within Deschutes National Forest, the Oregon monument protects the area around the Newberry November 74 Newberry 43°41′N 121°15′W / Volcano and its geologic features. It contains over 5, 1990 43.69°N 121.25°W 50,000 acres (200 km2) of lakes, lava flows, and other geologic features. Ocmulgee preserves traces of more than 10 millennia of native Southeastern culture, including Georgia Mississippian mounds. From Ice Age hunters to the December 75 Ocmulgee 32°50′N 83°37′W / Creek Indians of historic times, there is evidence of 23, 1936 32.83°N 83.61°W at least 10,000 years of human habitation. Between 900 and 1150, an elite society supported by skillful farmers lived on this site near the Ocmulgee River. The monument is known for its marble caves, as well as for the Pleistocene jaguar and grizzly bear Oregon July 12, fossils found in the deeper caves. There are four 76 Oregon Caves 42°06′N 123°25′W / 1909 primary buildings: The Oregon Caves Chateau, The 42.10°N 123.41°W Ranger Residence, The Chalet, and the old Dormitory. This monument is the only place in the United States Arizona where the Organ Pipe Cactus grows wild. There are April 13, 77 Organ Pipe Cactus 32°02′N 112°52′W / many other types of cacti and desert flora native to 1937 32.04°N 112.86°W the Sonoran Desert. The Bates Well Ranch and Dos Lomitas Ranch are also within the monument. The marine monument consists of Baker Island, US Minor Outlying Pacific Remote January 6, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, 78 Islands south- Islands Marine 2009 Kingman Reef, Palmyra Atoll, and Wake Island, southwest of Hawaii which are in the Pacific southwest of Hawaii. Encompassing 140,000 square miles (360,000 km2) Hawaii, US Minor of ocean waters and 10 islands and atolls of the Papahānaumokuākea Outlying Islands June 15, 79 Northwestern Hawaiian Islands including Midway, it Marine 25°42′N 171°44′W / 2006 is the largest Marine Protected Area in the world. It 25.7°N 171.73°W is larger than 46 states as well as 7 times larger than all other national marine sanctuaries combined. This monument protects a variety of cultural and natural resources, including five volcanic cones, New Mexico June 27, hundreds of archeological sites and an estimated 80 Petroglyph 35°10′N 106°46′W / 1990 25,000 images carved by native peoples and early 35.16°N 106.76°W Spanish settlers. It lies on West Mesa, a volcanic basalt escarpment. Rich with American Indian, early explorer and Mormon pioneer history, this site shows Ancestral Puebloans and Kaibab Paiute Indian and pioneer life Arizona May 31, in the Old West, including the cabin where explorer 81 Pipe Spring 36°52′N 112°44′W / 1923 John Wesley Powell's survey crew stayed in 1871. 36.86°N 112.73°W The water of Pipe Spring, discovered in 1858, made it possible for plants, animals, and people to live in this dry desert region. This monument preserves traditional catlinite quarries used to make ceremonial peace pipes, vitally Minnesota August 25, important to traditional Plains Indian culture. The 82 Pipestone 44°01′N 96°20′W / 1937 quarries are sacred to the Sioux and Sioux and were 44.01°N 96.33°W neutral territory where all tribes could quarry the stone. Pompeys Pillar is a 150-foot (46 m) sandstone pillar Montana from the late Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation next 45°59′24″N January 17, to the Yellowstone River. It has an abundance of 83 Pompeys Pillar 108°00′04″W / 2001 Native American petroglyphs, as well as the 45.99°N 108.001°W signature of , who named the formation after 's infant son. Poverty Point is a prehistoric archeological site that Louisiana dates from between 1650 and 700 BC and consisting October 31, 84 Poverty Point 32°38′N 91°25′W / of six earthen rings and seven mounds. The diameter 1988 32.63°N 91.41°W of the outside ridge is 0.75 miles (1.21 km), and the largest mound rises 51 feet (16 m). Prehistoric Trackways contains fossilized footprints New Mexico of numerous Paleozoic amphibians, reptiles, and Prehistoric March 30, 85 32°21′N 106°54′W / insects, as well as fossilized plants and petrified Trackways 2009 32.35°N 106.9°W wood dating back approximately 280 million years. (Public Law No. 111-11) President Abraham Lincoln and his family resided District of Columbia seasonally on the grounds of the United States President Lincoln's 38°56′30″N Soldiers' and Airmen's Home, which was founded in 86 Cottage at the 77°00′42″W / July 7, 2000 1851 for homeless and disabled war veterans. The Soldiers' Home 38.9416°N home is co-managed by the National Trust for 77.0117°W Historic Preservation. Rainbow Bridge is one of the world's largest natural bridges. It stands 290 feet (88 m) tall and spans 275 Utah May 30, feet (84 m) wide; the top of the bridge is 42 feet 87 Rainbow Bridge 37°05′N 110°58′W / 1910 (13 m) thick and 33 feet (10 m) wide. It was made 37.08°N 110.96°W from sandstone formed during the Triassic and the Jurassic periods. This site includes part of the Rio Grande Gorge and New Mexico extinct volcanoes of the Taos Plateau volcanic field. Río Grande del 36°40′00″N March 25, There are a variety of archaeological and historical 88 Norte 105°42′00″W / 2013 artifacts including petroglyphs and Hispanic 36.66667°N 105.7°W settlement sites. It is home to an assortment of wildlife and recreation opportunities. This marine monument consists of the two small American Samoa January 6, islands of Rose Atoll, a lagoon, and a coral reef east 89 Rose Atoll Marine 14°33′S 168°32′W / 2009 of American Samoa. It is the southernmost point in 14.55°S 168.54°W the U.S.. Donated by the National Geographic Society, the cave's exceptionally large main entrance was used as Alabama a shelter by prehistoric Indians from the earliest May 11, 90 Russell Cave 34°58′N 85°48′W / known human settlement in the southeastern United 1961 34.97°N 85.80°W States. The rock from which Russell Cave was formed over 300 million years ago at the bottom of an inland sea that covered the region. Formerly known as Gran Quivira National Monument, it is where Native American trade communities of Tiwa- and Tompiro-speaking New Mexico Salinas Pueblo November Puebloans lived when Spanish Franciscan 91 34°16′N 106°04′W / Missions 1, 1909 missionaries made contact in the 17th century. What 34.26°N 106.06°W remains are the ruins of four mission churches, at Quarai, Abó, and Gran Quivira, and the partially excavated pueblo of Las Humanas. The San Juan Islands in Puget Sound have several historic lighthouses as well as rugged landscapes. March 25, 92 San Juan Islands Washington They are the habitat for orcas, eagles, and seals and 2013 provide opportunities for kayaking, birdwatching, and other activities. This monument preserves large portions of the Santa California Rosa and San Jacinto ranges, the northernmost of the Santa Rosa and San October 24, 93 33°48′N 116°42′W / Peninsular Ranges. Parts are within San Bernardino Jacinto Mountains 2000 33.80°N 116.70°W National Forest and the California Desert Conservation Area. Scotts Bluff is an important 19th century geologic formation and landmark on the and . It contains multiple bluffs on the Nebraska south side of the North , but it is named December 94 Scotts Bluff 41°50′N 103°42′W / after a prominent bluff called Scotts Bluff which 12, 1919 41.83°N 103.70°W rises more than 830 feet (250 m) above the plains at its highest point. The monument is composed of five rock formations named Crown Rock, Dome Rock, Eagle Rock, Saddle Rock, and Sentinel Rock. This monument protects a small portion of the Sonoran Desert. It is home to several federally-listed Arizona January 17, endangered species and also has three wilderness 95 Sonoran Desert 33°00′N 112°28′W / 2001 areas, many significant archeological and historic 33.00°N 112.46°W sites, and remnants of several important historic trails. This iconic statue, built in 1886 on Liberty Island and 151 feet (46 m) tall, commemorates the centennial of the signing of the United States New York, New Declaration of Independence and is a gesture of Jersey October 15, friendship from France to the U.S. Liberty 96 Statue of Liberty 40°41′N 74°02′W / 1924 Enlightening the World is a symbol of welcoming 40.69°N 74.04°W immigrants to the U.S. and is listed as a World Heritage Site. Ellis Island, where 12 million immigrants entering the U.S. passed through, is included in the monument. Sunset Crater is the youngest in a string of volcanoes in the San Francisco volcanic field that is related to Arizona Sunset Crater May 30, the nearby San Francisco Peaks. Final volcanic 97 35°22′N 111°30′W / Volcano 1930 activity in the 13th century painted the upper portion 35.36°N 111.50°W of the cone with bright red and orange rocks, giving the volcano its name. The Timpanogos cave system is in the in the American Fork Canyon. Three main Utah chambers are accessible: Hansen Cave, Middle Cave, October 14, 98 Timpanogos Cave 40°26′N 111°43′W / and Timpanogos Cave. Many colorful cave features 1922 40.44°N 111.71°W or speleothems can be seen, including helictites, cave bacon, cave columns, flowstone, cave popcorn, and cave drapery. Lying on the northeastern edge of the Sonoran Arizona Desert along the Salt River, Tonto preserves two cliff October 21, 99 Tonto 33°39′N 111°05′W / dwellings that were occupied by the Salado culture 1907 33.65°N 111.09°W during the 13th to 15th centuries. The monument is surrounded by Tonto National Forest. Tuzigoot preserves a two- to three-story pueblo ruin Arizona July 25, on the summit of a limestone and sandstone ridge in 100 Tuzigoot 34°47′N 112°02′W / 1939 the Verde Valley. It was built by the Sinagua people 34.79°N 112.04°W between 1125 and 1400. A series of badland areas characterized by rock outcroppings, steep bluffs and grassy plains along the 149-mile (240 km) Upper Missouri National Montana Upper Missouri January 17, Wild and Scenic River in central Montana, The 101 47°47′N 109°01′W / River Breaks 2001 Breaks is home to at least 60 mammal species and 47.78°N 109.02°W hundreds of bird species. Charles Marion Russell often painted here, and Lewis and Clark traveled on this pathway. Steep eroded escarpments consisting primarily of sandstone, siltstone, limestone and shale rise as much as 3,000 feet (910 m) above their base. These Arizona November sedimentary rocks have been deeply eroded for 102 Vermilion Cliffs 36°49′N 111°44′W / 9, 2000 millions of years, exposing hundreds of layers of 36.81°N 111.74°W richly colored rock strata. The monument protects Paria Plateau, Vermilion Cliffs, Coyote Buttes and Paria Canyon. US Virgin Islands These coral reefs, sandy bottoms, seagrass beds, and Virgin Islands Coral January 17, 103 18°19′N 64°43′W / mangrove forests are in a 3-mile (4.8 km) belt that Reef 2001 18.31°N 64.72°W surrounds St John, VI. Walnut Canyon protects 25 cliff dwelling rooms Arizona constructed by the Sinagua people. It lies on the November 104 Walnut Canyon 35°10′N 111°31′W / Colorado Plateau and cuts through the Permian 30, 1915 35.17°N 111.51°W Kaibab Limestone, which exposes the Toroweap Formation and Coconino Sandstone. Located in the mountain-ringed Tularosa Basin valley area, White Sands consists of the southern New Mexico July 25, 2 105 White Sands 32°47′N 106°10′W / part of a 275 square miles (710 km ) field of white 1933 32.78°N 106.17°W sand dunes composed of gypsum crystals. It is completely within the White Sands Missile Range and is subject to closure when tests are conducted. Valor in the Pacific encompasses nine sites in three states associated with World War II: The Attack on Pearl Harbor, including the USS Arizona, Utah, and World War II Valor Hawaii, Alaska, December Oklahoma memorials in Hawaii; the Aleutian Islands 106 in the Pacific California 5, 2008 Campaign on Attu Island, Kiska Island, and Atka Island in Alaska; and the Japanese American internment at Tule Lake War Relocation Center in California. Many settlement sites built by the Sinagua, Arizona Cohonina, and Kayenta Anasazi are scattered December 107 Wupatki 35°34′N 111°23′W / throughout the monument. About 2000 Ancient 9, 1924 35.56°N 111.38°W Pueblo People moved here to farm after an 11th century eruption of Sunset Crater. Designated a research national monument, it is a Colorado large, unexcavated Ancestral Puebloan archeological December 108 Yucca House 37°15′N 108°41′W / site. The site is one of many Anasazi (Ancestral 19, 1919 37.25°N 108.69°W Pueblo) village sites located in the Montezuma Valley occupied between AD 900 and 1300.

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Original source : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_National_Monuments_of_the_United_States