The Phylogeny, Morphology and Taxonomy of Acridocarpus (Malpighiaceae) in the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra

THE PHYLOGENY, MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF ACRIDOCARPUS (MALPIGHIACEAE) IN THE ARABIAN PENINSULA AND SOCOTRA

Ghudaina Al Issai August 2011 Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for MSc in the Biodiversity and Taxnomy of Plants 2

Front page: Illustration of Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. from southern Oman (Dhofar). Drawn by Susanna Stuart-Smith. (Miller and Morris, 1988).

ABSTRACT

The genus Acridocarpus is composed of 30 species distributed solely in the Old World, mainly in Africa. It is described with two species from the Arabian Peninsula. Acridocarpus orientalis from Oman and UAE, and Acridocarpus socotranus an endemic from Yemen (Socotra). Two populations of A. orientalis are found in disjunct distributions and are geographically isolated in northern and southern Oman, and are thought to have morphological differences. Molecular analysis was carried out using three datasets separately and combined, ITS, ndhF and trnL-F from 49 accessions representing 24 Acridocarpus species from the Arabian Peninsula and Africa. The analyses revealed that the Arabian species are contained within a highly supported subclade within the East African clade. Furthermore, this analysis divided A. orientalis populations into two highly supported subclades contained within the Arabian clade. These subclades are resolved as sister to A. socotranus. Morphological data supported the molecular data in having three distinct taxa of Acridocarpus from the Arabian Peninsula. Hence, the formerly known population from southern Oman was redescribed as a new taxon and a preliminary IUCN category of Endangered was assigned to this taxon.

CONTENTS ABSTRACTS ………………………………..……………………………………...... 3 CONTENTS………………………………………………………………………...... 4 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES……………………..………………………...... 7 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ………………………………….………...... 8 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW……………………..…………………...... 11 2.1 MALPIGHIACEAE……..…………………………………………………………. 11 2.1.1 Classification and phylogeny……………………………………...... 12 2.1.2 Origin ……………………………………………………………...... 14 2.1.3 Old World genera and clades ……………………………………..…...... 15 2.1.4 Malpighiaceae in the Arabian Peninsula…………………………..…...... 15 2.2 THE GENUS ACRIDOCARPUS…………………………………………………… 16 2.2.1 Origin of name…………………………………………………………………. 16 2.2.2 Phylogeny……………………………………………………………………… 16 2.2.3 Taxonomy……………………………………………………………………… 16 2.2.4 Morphology…………………………………………………………...... 17 2.2.5 Biogeography…………………………………………………………………... 18 CHAPTER 3: MOLECULAR ANALYSES……………………………………...... 20 3.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS…………………………………………………... 20 3.1.1 Region selection…………………………………………………………...... 20 3.1.2 Plant material…………………………………………………………………... 21 3.1.3 Taxon sampling…………………………………………………………...... 21 3.1.4 DNA extraction………………………………………………………………… 22 3.1.5 Gel electrophoresis ………………………………………………………...... 23 3.2 PCR AMPLIFICATION…………………………………………………...... 24 3.2.1 Primers………………………………………………………………………..... 24 3.2.2 PCR conditions and Programs…………………………………………...... 25 3.3 PCR PURIFICATION……………………………………………………………… 26 3.4 DNA SEQUENCING AND EDITING………………………………………...... 27 3.4.1 BigDye reactions………………………………………………………………. 27 3.4.2 Sequence editing………………………………………………………………. 27 3.4.3 Sequence alignment……………………………………………………………. 28 3.5 PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES…………………………………………...... 28 3.5.1 Parsimony analysis…………………………………………………………….. 28 3.5.2 Estimation of the best evolution model using MrModel test…………...... 29

3.5.3 Bayesian analysis……………………………………………………………… 29 3.6 RESULTS…………………………………………………………………………… 30 3.6.1 Sequence characterisation…………………………………………...... 30 3.6.2 Phylogenetic analyses………………………………………………...... 31 3.6.2.1 Parsimony analyses………………………………………………...... 31 3.6.3 Combined dataset analyses…………………………………………………….. 37 3.7 DISCUSSION…………………………………………………………………...... 40 3.7.1 Phylogenetic relationship…………………………………………………….. 40 3.7.2 Phylogeny of the Acridocarpus orientalis clade……………………………… 40 3.8 CONCLUSIONS…………………………………………………………...... 42 CHAPTER 4: MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS………………………………………. 43 4.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS…………………………………………………. 43 4.1.1 Plant material………………………………………………………...... 43 4.1.2 Character selection…………………………………………………...... 43 4.1.3 Taxonomic accounts………………………………………………………….. 45 4.1.4 IUCN assessment…………………………………………………………….. 45 4.2 RESULTS…………………………………………………………………...... 46 4.2.1 Morphological characterisation………………………………………………. 46 4.3 DISCUSSION…………………………………………………………………...... 54 4.3.1 Morphological relationship………………………………………………...... 54 4.3.2 Which taxon gets the name A. orientalis? …………………………………… 57 4.4 TAXONOMIC ACCOUNT………………………………………………………. 58 4.5 IUCN ASSESSMENTS…………………………………………………………… 62 4.5.1 The use of Criterion B……………………………………………………...... 62 4.5.2 Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. ……………………………………………… 62 4.5.3 Acridocarpus socotranus Oliv. ………………………………………………. 62 4.5.4 Acridocarpus sp. nov. ……………………………………………………….. 62 4.6 CONCLUSIONS………………………………………………………………..... 64 CHAPTER 5: SYNOPTIC DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS……………………. 65 5.1 BIOGEOGRAPHIC IMPLICATIONS OF ARABIAN ACRIDOCARPUS….. 65 5.2 CONCLUSIONS………………………………………………………………...... 67 4.3 FUTURE WORK…………………………………………………………………. 68

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ……………………………………………………………… 69

REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………………. 70

APPENDIX 1: SAMPLES OF EXTRACTED DNA ...... 76

APPENDIX 2: DATASET ACCESSIONS FROM DAVIS, C. C. (HARVARD, USA).... 78

APPENDIX 3: trnL-F ALIGNED DATA MATRIX...... 79

APPENDIX 4: ITS ALIGNED DATA MATRIX...... 91

APPENDIX 5: ndhF ALIGNED DATA MATRIX...... 102

APPENDIX 6: DATA OF SPECIMENS USED FOR THE DISTRIBUTION MAPS..... 112

LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES

FIGURE 1. Current geographic distribution of Malpighiaceae…………………………..……..11 FIGURE 2. Summary of major clades of Malpighiaceae…………………………………...... 14 FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of Acridocarpioid from combined ITS, ndhF, and trnL-F data…...... 17 FIGURE 4. Diversification of Acridocarpus……………………………………………… ...... 19 FIGURE 5. Position of trnL-F and scheme of primers used to amplify this region………...... 25 FIGURE 6. One of the two equally most-parsimonious trnL-F trees of Acridocarpus…...... 34 FIGURE 7. One of the six equally most-parsimonious ndhF trees of Acridocarpus……...... 35 FIGURE 8. One of the two equally most-parsimonious ITS trees of Acridocarpus………...... 36 FIGURE 9. A Phylogram tree for combined analysis……………………………………...... 39 FIGURE 10. Herbarium specimen of A. socotranus……………………………………...……..50 FIGURE 11. Herbarium specimens of A. orientalis populations…………………………...... 50 FIGURE 12. Leaf glands….…………………………………………………………………..…51 FIGURE 13. Calyx glands……………………………………………………………………….51 FIGURE 14. Samaras of A. orientalis populations….……………………………...…………...52 FIGURE 15. Branches of A. orientalis population…………………………………………...... 53 FIGURE 16. Mericarps of various species of Acridocarpus from Tropical East Africa.…...... 56 FIGURE 17. Distribution map of A. orientalis in Oman…………………………………….….59 FIGURE 18. Distribution map of A.sp. nov. in southern Oman………………………………...60 FIGURE 19. Distribution map of A. socotranus on Socotra island.………………………….…61 TABLE 1. Comparison between the different intrafmilial taxonomic classifications for Malpighiaceae………………………………………………………………………………..…...13 TABLE 2. Primers sequences...... ……………………………………………..24 TABLE 3. Sequences and data analysis characteristics of ITS, ndhF, trnL-F and the combined dataset…………………………………………………………………………………………….31 TABLE 4. The evolution models estimated by MrModel Test..………………………...………37 TABLE 5. The vouchers used for the morphological analysis. Acronyms; E= Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh herbarium…………………………………...……………………………….44 TABLE 6. Selected characters that show the differences between the 3 identified taxa in the Arabian Peninsula, A. socotranus, A. orientalis (south) and A. orientalis (north)………...... 49

CHAPTER 1: Introduction

Life diversity and distribution patterns have always triggered questions about how and when these patterns occur. During the 17th and early 18th centuries, these diversity patterns of organisms made more sense when exploration to different parts of the world was initiated. Before that, only 1% of all plant and animal species known today were classified. Eventually many theories regarding patterns of biological diversity were postulated until the theory of plate tectonics was accepted in the 1960s, and hence, the theories of distributional patterns were reconstructed (Lomolino et al., 2010). Darwin and Wallace’s theories on the diversity patterns and distribution of organisms and long-distance dispersal formed the fundamental platform for further explanation of diversification. These theories applied to all life form. Botanist, taxonomists and biogeographers used those theories to explain the disjunct distributions of taxa and combined with the plate tectonic theory, new explanations were proposed.

Plant species moved via dispersal as well as continental drifting. With the continental drift theory, many lands were considered to act as land bridges that connected between the biota of two distant areas. The Arabian Peninsula is considered to be the meeting point between two continents and two or three major plant geographic regions. It played an important role in the dispersal of species from Africa to Asia. This bridge has also acted as a filter that allowed only xerophytic plants to migrate between the two continents (Lomolino, et al., 2010). It is an area with low species diversity because of the climate.

Prior to the 18th century, the Arabian Peninsula attracted travellers who visited the area seeking new trading routes, and naturalists who collected plant specimens. During the 18th century, the first scholar expedition was organized to peninsular Arabia and as a resultant of this expedition over 2000 plant species were collected and described by a Danish botanist named Pehr Forsskál (1732-1763), 693 species were from northern Yemen. In the 19th century, eastern Arabia was explored by a French professional plant collector named Pierr Remi Martin Aucher-Eloy, who visited northern Oman and collected over 250 species. Further botanical collections and observations were made from the region during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Those data

9 contributed tremendously to the study of Arabian botany. It has been expressed by many collectors and travellers to the region, that it is an area of contrast with diverse communities of plants, a diversity that is still not fully explored and covered (Ghazanfar and Fisher, 1998).

This study investigates the phylogeny, morphology and taxonomy of Acridocarpus species in the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra. There are two recognized species in this genus, these are Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. from Oman and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Acridocarpus socotranus, an endemic from Socotra. Davis et al. (2002) proposed a biogeographical hypothesis for the current distribution and origin of Acridocarpus based on phylogenetic analysis. They sampled one Arabian specimen of A. orientalis from northern Oman. This study will add further sampling to their dataset plus the newly generated data from A. socotranus and the two populations of A. orientalis to test the robustness of the existing biogeographical hypothesis and depending on the results suggest modifications to the hypothesis.

The other approach for this study is to test the hypothesis of A.G. Miller (unpublished data) that specimens of A. orientalis from the southern region of Oman (Dhofar) may differ from those collected from elsewhere in Oman and possibly represent a distinct species or subspecies. Representative samples from these two populations will be studied using morphological and molecular data to test this hypothesis. This study tests those hypotheses by utilizing molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological characters. It aims to: 1) generate DNA sequences of Acridocarpus orientalis and Acridocarpus socotranus from two chloroplast regions (ndhF and trnL-F intergenic spacer) and one nuclear region (internal transcribed spacer, ITS), 2) carry out phylogenetic analyses for the molecular datasets both independently and combined analyses using two different methods, Parsimony and Bayesian analyses, 3) test the existing biogeographical hypothesis on the distribution of Acridocarpus in Arabia and Socotra, 4) study the herbarium specimens in Royal Botanic Garden Herbarium (E) and specimens collected in the field to generate morphological character matrix, 5) write an account of the genus and descriptions for the recognized taxa,

6) collect as much data as possible to generate distribution map for the taxa and 7) compile IUCN conservation assessments for all Acridocarpus taxa in the account.

For the purpose of this study, Acridocarpus socotranus and Acridocarpus orientalis will be treated as Arabian Acridocarpus species.

CHAPTER 2: Literature review

2.1. MALPIGHIACEAE The Malpighiaceae is an angiosperm family with around 1,300 species divided into 77 genera. They are distributed in the tropics and subtropics of the New and Old worlds but 85% of the species are concentrated in the Neotropics (Figure 1); furthermore it is the major liana forming family in the Americas. The life-forms found in the family vary and can be trees, shrubs, lianas and some herbs (Heywood, et al., 2007; Davis and Anderson, 2010). The Malpighiaceae species are perennials with almost conserved flowers, while the fruits are diverse and hence significant when delimiting subfamilies, tribes, genera and species. Other characters which are taxonomically significant in the family include pollen morphology, leaf vesture, and chromosome numbers (Cameron, et al., 2001). Habitat preferences can also be useful indicators of some species groups. New World genera contain the full range of Malpighiaceae fruit types, including indehiscent dry or fleshy fruits, and dry dehiscent fruits, that may be un-winged, bristly or winged. Fruits may have two types of principal wings, either dorsal or lateral. Old World genera are of dry fruited with wings and dehisce into samaras. Most genera possess glands on the calyx or leaves (Anderson, 1990; Cameron, et al., 2001).

FIGURE 1. Current geographic distribution of Malpighiaceae (Davis, et al., 2002a)

2.1.1 Classification and phylogeny According to APG III (2009), Malpighiaceae is in the eurosid I clade within the order Malpighiales, Fabids, Core Eudicots. Prior to the molecular revolution, research on Malpighiaceae revealed the coherence and monophyly of the family based on morphological and paleontological characters (Anderson, 1990). Subsequently, initial phylogenetic studies on Angiosperm in general and the Malpighiaceae in particular, showed that molecular evidence using both chloroplast and nuclear coding and non-coding genes supported the morphology and confirmed the monophyly of Malpighiaceae (Chase, et al., 1993; Cameron, et al., 2001; Davis, et al., 2001; Davis and Chase, 2004; Wurdack, et al., 2005; Davis and Anderson, 2010).

Initially, the Malpighiaceae was divided into subfamilies and tribes solely based on morphological characters and biogeography. In 1928, Niedenzu (1928) divided the Malpighiaceae into two subfamilies Pyramidotorae and Planitorae (which have been renamed Gsudichaudioideae and Malpighioideae by Morton 1968) on the basis of winged versus un- winged fruits. Subsequently, he further classified the subfamilies into five tribes (Malpighieae, Galphimieae, Hiraeeae, Banisterieae and Tricomarieae) and subtribes also based on fruit structures. In 1967, Hutchinson classified the Malpighiaceae into five tribes: three were in agreement with Niedenzu classification (Hiraeeae, Banisterieae and Tricomarieae), the forth tribe was equivalent to Niednzu’s Planitorae (Malpighieae) and the fifth tribe was equivalent to Morton’s Gaudichaudioideae (Gaudichaudieae). In 1978, Anderson suggested a different classification using more morphological characters but did not complete his classification. Takhtajan (1997) system was similar to that of Hutchinson’s treatment. Table 1 compares the different classification attmepts (adapted from Cameron et al., (2001)).

TABLE 1. Comparison between the different intrafmilial taxonomic classifications for Malpighiaceae (Source Cameron, et al., 2001). Niedenzu, 1928 (Morton, 1968) Hutchinson, 1967 Anderson, 1978 Takhtajan, 1997 Subfamily Subfamily Planitorae (Malpighioideae) Tribe Malpighieae Subfamily Byrsonimoideae Malpighioideae Tribe Malpighieae Tribe Byrsonimeae Subtribe Malpighiinae Subtribe Byrsoniminae Tribe Galphimieae Tribe Galphimieae Subtribe Thryallidinae Subtribe Galphimiinae Tribe Acmanthereae Subfamily Pyramidotorae Tribe Subfamily Not treated further (Gaudichaudiodeae) Gaudichaudieae Gaudichaudiodeae Subfamily Tribe Hiraeeae (Hiptageae) Hiraeoideae Subtribe Aspidopteryginae Tribe Hiraeeae Tribe Hiraeeae Subtribe Mascagniinae Tribe Banisterieae Tribe Banisteriaea Tribe Banisteriaea Tribe Subtribe Sphedamnocarpinae Rhyncophoreae Subtribe Banisteriinae Tribe Tribe Tricomarieae Tribe Tricomarieae Tricomarieae

With the advances in molecular technologies, and the adoption of molecular data in the classification of plant groups, the Malpighiaceae family was one of the most interesting plant families to be researched and phylogenies were generated in order to help resolve the taxonomic problems of this medium-sized family. In 2001, Davis, et al., and Cameron, et al., independently generated phylogenetic trees for Malpighiaceae using different molecular datasets. However, the relationship between the different lineages were clarfied and both studies resolved some taxonomic issues in the family. Using ndhF and trnL-Fdatasets, Davis, et al., (2001) concluded that the family can be split into two major clades referred to Byrsonimoideae and Malpighioideae. A more recent complete generic phylogeny of Malpighiaceae by Davis and Anderson (2010), resulted in a higlhy resolved phylogentic tree for the family and concluded that there are 14 clades in which the genera of Malpighiaceae are contained. A summary of the major clades is illustrated in figure 2. This thorough study used both morphological and molecular data in order to produce the phylogeny of the Malpighiaceae. This classification is more logical in terms of the biogeography of the family and the evolution of characters. It also provides an accurate resolution in relation to taxonomy.

FIGURE 2. Summary of major clades of Malpighiaceae. Adapted from Davis and Anderson (2010). Maximum likelihood bootstrap percentages > 50 are indicated at nodes. OW, indicates clades that contain Old World genera.

2.1.2 Origin Initially, all research on Malpighiaceae utilized morphological data and then paleontological and molecular data confirmed the origin of the family in the New World during the late Cretaceous ca. 68 million years before present (Anderson, 1979 and 1990; Cameron, et al., 2001; Davis, et al., 2001, 2002b and 2004). The migration route taken by Malpighiaceae from the New World to the Old World has been an area of discussion in many previous studies. The route of dispersal via the southern Atlantic to the Old World suggested by Anderson (1990) was refuted by Davis, et al. (2002b and 2004; Davis and Anderson, 2010). Davis, et al., (2004) presented a dispersal route which suggested that the Caribbean Basin provided a bridge between South and North America during the Paleocene, then from North America via the northern Atlantics to the northern hemisphere during the Tertiary. The Malpighiaceae inhabited the northern latitudes when the climate supported the development of tropical plant species. Subsequently, migration to Africa and Madagascar may have occurred during the Oligocene when the climate cooled in the northern hemisphere, and southward migration took place. These migrations events took place many times when intervals of global warming and cooling periods favoured plant migration into the Old World tropics.

2.1.3 Old World genera and clades The Malpighiaceae are less rich in the Old World than the New World. Davis and Anderson (2010) as well as previous studies utilized molecular, morphological and dating evidences to corroborate the theory that the Malpighiaceae reached the Old World during a total of nine subsequent dispersal events. The Old World Malpighiaceae genera are scattered deep within seven of the predominantly major New World clades with an exception of one clade, the Acridocarpioids. Acridocarpioids form a highly supported and well resolved monophyletic clade as shown in the most comprehensive and recent Malpighiaceae phylogeny (Davis and Anderson, 2010). It contains only two Old World Malpighiaceae genera, Acridocarpus and Brachylophon. This group of wing fruited taxa were placed in subfamily Pyramidotorae under the tribe Banisterieae by Niedenzu (1928), while in Takhtajan’s (1997) classification it was placed in the subfamily Hiraeoideae.

2.1.4 Malpighiaceae in the Arabian Peninsula The Arabian Peninsula is characterized by its arid climate and is considered to be among the hottest areas on Earth. Therefore, the vegetation in the peninsula has become highly adapted to the dry arid climate of the region (Miller and Cope, 1996). Malpighiaceae is represented by two genera in the Arabian Peninsula, namely Acridocarpus and Caulacanthus. Caucanthus edulis Forssk. is confined to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, while two Acridocarpus species, A. orientalis A.Juss. is found in Oman and UAE (also in Somalia) and A. socotranus Oliv. is endemic to Yemen (Socotra) (Miller and Morris, 1988; Thulin, 1993; Chaudhary, 2001; Jongbloed, 2003; Miller and Morris, 2004; Ghazanfar, 2007).

2.2 THE GENUS ACRIDOCARPUS

2.2.1 Origin of name The genus name comes from the Greek word akris, akridos which means locust or grasshopper, and karpos means fruit so the word Acridocarpus is referring to the winged-fruits of this genus (Quattrocchi, 2000).

2.2.2 Phylogeny Acridocarpus has been shown to be a well supported monophyletic group and its sister group within the Acridocarpioids clade is the monospecific Old World genus Brachylophon (Davis, et al., 2002a; Davis and Anderson, 2010). A comprehensive study on the phylogeny of Acridocarpus was undertaken by Davis, et al., (2002). The phylogeny he generated showed a geographic structure in the genus where west African species were contained in a clade, the New Caledonian and Malagasy taxa came in another clade and the East African species in a third separate clade. The single Arabian accession (A. orientalis) he included was placed in the East African clade (Figure 3). This study will add to this tree and test the geographic structure of the clade containing the Arabian taxa.

2.2.3 Taxonomy Acridocarpus Guill. and Perr. (nom. cons.) was first described in 1831 by Guillemin and Perrottet during explorations in Senegambia (Currently regions of Senegal and Gambia) and the type specimen for the genus is the species A. plagiopterus. It consists of approximately 30 species that are distributed broadly across West and East Africa and Madagascar, with two documented species in Arabia and one species in New Caledonia (Niedenzu, 1928; Miller and Morris, 1988; Thulin, 1993; Davis, et al., 2002). The species are circumscribed in the first almost complete monograph by Niedenzu (1928) who described 28 species of Acrdiocarpus from Africa.

FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of Acridocarpioid estimated from combined ITS, ndhF, and trnL-F data. This shows modern distributions of species indicated to the right. EAFR, East Africa (includes Arabia, and southern coastal Africa); MAD, Madagascar; NC, New Caledonia; NW, New World; OW, Old World; SEA, Southeast Asia; WAFR, West Africa. (Davis, et al., 2002)

2.2.4 Morphology The species of Acridocarpus are all woody climbers or shrubs. All descriptions of the genus in recent Floras agree on many of the morphological characters (Exell, et al., 1963; Laurent, 1968; Miller and Morris, 1988; Thulin, 1993; Ghazanfar, 2007), and all species bear alternate, petiolate leaves. Some species have extrafloral nectaries or glands on the lamina. Stipules are absent (in some species of Acridocarpus) or minute at the base of the petiole (Anderson and Gates, 1981). The inflorescences are terminal and/or axillary with terminal densely-flowered racemes. The floral conservation seen in Neotropical Malpighiaceae (Anderson, 1979) may be applicable to the Old World genera as well. In Acridocarpus the flowers are composed of bilaterally symmetrical corollas, with five free-clawed entire or fringed petals (two dorsal and one ventral) and five free

18 sepals with one or more abaxial glands that have evolved to secrete sugar instead of oil as in its New World’s ancestors. The calyx and styles are persistent on the fruit. The stamens are ten dehiscing by apical pores, pollen is radially symmetrical. The ovary is 3-celled with one usually aborted and the styles are subulate. The fruits are winged samaras (Exell, et al., 1963; Laurent, 1968; Cameron et al., 2001; Davis and Anderson, 2010).

Cytological evidence showed that the base number of Acridocarpus chromosomes is n = 9, which has been reduced from base number n = 10 through aneuploidy. Unlike their New World ancestors, Acridocarpus species are pollinated by moths or butterflies that are attracted by the nectar secreting glands (Carr and McPherson, 1986; Davis et al., 2001).

2.2.5 Biogeography With the accessibility and ability to obtain molecular and historical events estimation data, it has been possible to create probable theories on the dispersal of plant species and their centre of origin by combining those two datasets. With this advantage, the historical biogeography of the genus Acridocarpus has been estimated and discussed elaborately by Davis, et al., (2002) utilizing the molecular and historical data efficiently. The phylogeny estimated that populations of Acriodcaprus greatly diversified in response to aridification and various ecological changes in Africa between 27 and 23 mya. Figure 4 shows the route of Acridocarpoids divergent from its New World ancestor and how it reached the Old World by 50 mya. Moreover, it shows the nodes at which Acridocarpus split between the different geographical entities. The model suggests a putative movement towards the south from Euroasia to Africa, then from there to Madagascar by 35 mya, followed by an instance of long distance dispersal to New Caledonia by 15-8 mya. In the African populations the dispersal between western and eastern populations is estimated to have taken place between 23 and17 mya.

FIGURE 4. Diversification of Acridocarpus. The nodes labeled A-E correspond to dispersal-vicariance analysis reconstructions in Figure 2. The split at node A represents the migration from the New World into Eurasia via North. The split at node B represents the southern movement of the acridocarpoids (Brachylophon) into Asia and (Acridocarpus) into Africa. Node C represents the split between African and Malagasy Acridocarpus. The ancestral populations of Acridocarpus species from western Africa into regions of eastern Africa is represented on nodes D and E The dashed line shows movement into Arabia. The dotted line indicates long-distance dispersal from Madagascar into New Caledonia (Source: Davis et al., 2002).

CHAPTER 3: Molecular Analyses

3.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS 3.1.1 Region selection The choice of genes was based on Davis, et al., (2002), who investigated the utility of the three regions (ITS, ndhF and trnL-F) combined for structuring the phylogeny of Acridocarpioids and succeeded, thus those regions were primarily selected for this research.

The chloroplast non-coding region trnL-F region (comprised of the adjacent trnL intron, trnL exon and trnL-trnF intergenic spacer region) has been utilised to delimit species-level relationships in many angiosperm taxa at different taxonomic levels. It has also been used to construct phylogenies of Malpighiaceae and related families. However, Shaw et al., (2005) found that even when trnL-F alone was not sufficient to provide a resolved phylogeny it was effective when used in combination with other gene regions.

The other chloroplast coding region (ndhF), encodes a sub-unit of the nicotinamide dehydrogenase complex, also has been used but at higher taxonomic ranks of angiosperm families and above. Chloroplast DNA is uniparentally inherited, it thus reveals fifty percentage of plants in cases of hybridization and might place a taxon in two different clades, relating to each of the parents. However, given the fact that chloroplast genome is not rapidly evolving, non- coding regions like trnL-F often fail to give resolution at lower taxonomic levels, this represent a limitation in the use of chloroplast regions solely to verify taxonomic problems at the species level (Small, et al., 2004). On the other hand, nuclear genes have an elevated rate of evolutionary change that is advantageous when trying to resolve taxonomic problem at lower levels, consequently, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of 18S-26S nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) sequences was used in this study to provide a greater resolution at the species level (Small, et al., 2004). These three regions together or independently have been utilized extensively to elucidate relationships among angiosperm families and below that (Cameron, et al., 2001; Davis, et al., 2001; Hamzeh and Dayanandan, 2004; Wurdack, et al., 2005; McDill, et al., 2009; Davis and Anderson, 2010)

3.1.2 Plant material Leaf material of Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. collected in silica gel was used for DNA extraction from northern and southern Oman during a collection fieldtrip undertaken by me and Sabina Knees in May 2011. Accompanying voucher material was also taken. Four samples were collected from the Dhofar region in southern Oman and six sample from northern Oman, another one leaf sample was collected from the north during the same period by Annette Patzelt, and two further samples from the north were collected in 2010 by Knees, Miller and Patzelt (KMP1, KMP3). In addition to that, four samples of the southern population and six samples from the northern populations of A. orientalis leaf materials were collected from Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh herbarium (E) specimens and were used for DNA extraction. A total of four samples of Acridocarpus socotranus Oliv. were collected from herbarium specimens from (E) and one sample previously dried in silica gel were used for DNA extraction. The samples selected were less than 30 years old and covered a wide geographical and elevation ranges from Oman and Socotra (Appendix I). However, one herbarium sample of A. socotranus (A.G. Miller, M. Bazara'a, L. Guarino & N. Kassim; M.10375A) had to be removed from all analyses due to failure to amplify the three regions.

3.1.3 Taxon sampling To the dataset of 22 accessions of Acridocarpus from Davis, et al., (2002), sequence data of Acridocarpus orientalis and Acridocarpus socotranus from a further 28 samples were generated in this study. Together the dataset contained 51 accessions representing 24 species of Acridocarpus. The outgroups were also provided by Davis (Harvard, USA) both are from the family Malpighiaceae, Brachylophon curtisii is from the Acridocarpioids clade (Davis et al., 2001) while Barnebya dispar (one of two species of New World genus) argued to be sister to Acridocarpioids or within a sister clade of a large wing-fruited vines clade, which contains most of the Malpighiaceae genera. Barnebya dispar was the outgroup taxon in Davis, et al., (2002), but for the purpose of this study both Barnebya dispar and Brachylophon curtisii will be the terminal taxa and treated as the ougroups.

3.1.4 DNA extraction

Total genomic DNA was extracted using Plant DNeasy Kit from Qiagen (Ref) from 28 samples: 14 were silica dried and 14 were herbarium samples. The extraction protocol was adapted from the manufacturers handbook as below.

The samples were prepared for DNA extraction using the mixer mill method. In preparation for the homogenization of the samples, about 20mg dry weight of leaf material was placed in a 2.0ml Eppendorf tube with one grinding bead (3mm Retsh cone ball) and the tubes were correctly labeled, tweezers were disinfected using 70% ethanol between each sample preparation to avoid any cross contamination. The 2.0ml Eppendorf tubes were placed in the adaptors then in the mixer mill, ensuring the tubes are balanced. The samples were processed for twice at 20/sec frequency. For some samples -especially the samples taken from herbarium specimens- that produced debris (fibers) after processing them in mixer mill, two beads were added in order to produce a fine powder. Then, 400µl of buffer AP1 and 4µl of RNase A stock solution (100 mg/ml) was added to each Eppendorf tube that containing the leaf material. The content was mixed vigorously by vortex ensuring that no tissue lumps were visible to get maximum yield of DNA. Clumped tissues will not lyse properly, thus low DNA yield will be produced. After that, the tubes were incubated at 65 °C for 30 minutes with mixing by inverting the tubes every 10 minutes. This step lyses the cells.

In order to precipitate the detergent, proteins and polysaccharides, 130 µl of buffer AP2 was added to the lysate, mixed and incubated for 5 minutes on ice. The lysate then was centrifuged for 5 minutes at 13,000 rpm. The lysate was added to the QIAshredder Mini Spin Column (lilac) placed in 2 ml collection tubes and centrifuged for 2 minutes at 13,0000 rpm. This step removes most precipitates and cell debris, but a small amount passed through and formed pellet in the collection tubes for some samples. This pellet was carefully not disturbed while transferring the flow-through faction after the centrifugation by a pipette into new 2 ml tubes. Typically, 450 µl of the lysate is recovered, but in some cases, less than that amount was produced. The amount of buffer AP3/E (with ethanol) added to the clear lysate was 1.5 volumes of the lysate and the mixture was immediately homogenized by pipetting after adding the buffer. 650 µl of the

23 mixture, including any precipitate which may have formed, was applied to the DNeasy Mini Spin Columns sitting in 2 ml collection tubes and was centrifuged for a minute at 8,000 rpm. The flow-through fraction was discarded. This step was repeated for the remaining mixture, and the flow-through fraction and the collection tubes were discarded. The DNeasy Mini Spin Columns were placed in new 2 ml collection tubes and 500 µl of buffer AW was added, then the tubes were centrifuged for a minute at 8,000 rpm. The flow-through was discarded, and again 500 µl of buffer AW was added to the DNeasy Mini Spin Columns to wash the ethanol away and centrifuged for 2 minutes at 13,000 rpm. The flow-through was discarded and to ensure that no carryover of ethanol into the Mini Spin Columns, the bottom of the Columns were gently touched onto the gloves and residuals of liquid were checked. In cases of liquid marks on the gloves, the DMSCs were placed into collection tubes and centrifuged again for 30 seconds at 13,000 rpm. After making sure that the membrane of the DNeasy Mini Spin Columns was dried, the columns were transferred to 2 ml microcentrifuge tubes and to elute, 100 µl of buffer AE was pipetted directly onto the DMSC membranes, and incubated for 5 minutes at room temperature (15-25 °C). The DMSCs with the collection tubes were centrifuged for a minute at 8,000 rpm and the flow-through that contained the DNA samples were checked on an Agarose Gel for DNA quality and concentration, then the samples were stored at -20 °C. All tubes were properly labeled before each step.

3.1.5 Gel electrophoresis The samples were run on an agarose gel of 1%. The agarose gel was prepared using agarose gel and 1x TBE buffer. According to the number of samples and the tray size, the percentages of agarose and hence the TBE buffer were then decided. For example, when 1g of agarose was used, 100ml of 1x TBE buffer was added to the agarose. Then the mixture was heated in a microwave to dissolve the agarose. Once the agarose was completely dissolved, and cooled, SYBR safe gel stain was added, 10 µl in 100 ml capacity, to visualize the DNA product. Then the mixture was added to the appropriate tray and the comb was inserted. A black board was used to cover the tray because the SYBR safe is light sensitive and it is necessary to prevent its degradation, the gel was then left to solidify for about 30 minutes. Then the gel was placed in electrophoresis tank containing 1x TBE buffer, making sure the gel is totally immersed in buffer. 5 µl of 1Kb plus ladder was loaded into the first well. 3 µl of gel loading dye was mixed with 5 µl of DNA product

24 them the total 8 µl of the DNA-loading dye solution was loaded into the wells. The gel was run for 30 minutes to an hour at 80V. After the migration of DNA product, the gel was visualized with the Gel documentation system, and images of the gel were taken and saved in the appropriate folder.

3.2 PCR AMPLIFICATION 3.2.1 Primers The PCR primers were the same primers used by Davis, et al., (2002) for ITS and ndhF. For ITS, primers ITS4 (forward) and ITSLEU (Reverse) (Baum, et al., 1998) were used for PCR and sequencing. The ndhF region was amplified using the primers 5.5F for the 3’ region, and 10.2R for the 5’ region. The primers used for trnL-F amplification were the same as those used in Davis, et al., (2001), the forward primer is trnC and the reverse is primer trnF (Figure 5). Table 3 shows the primers name and the sequences.

Table 2. Primers sequences

Primer Region Sequence Name ITS ITS.4 TCCTTCCGCTTATTGATATGC ITS.LEU GTCCACTGAACCTTATCATTTAG ndhF 5.5F TTAGTRAYAGTYGGTTGTATTCACC 10.2R CCATCRATNACTCGYCYATCAAAAA trnL-F trnC CGAAATCGGTAGACGCTACG trnD GGGGATAGAGGGACTTGAAC trnE GGTTCAAGTCCCTCTATCCC trnF ATTTGAACTGGTGACACGAG

FIGURE 5. Position of trnL-F and scheme of primers used to amplify this region (Pirie, et al., 2007).

3.2.2 PCR conditions and Programs The amplification reactions were carried out in PCR machines with a heated lid (PTC200 – DNA engine or Tetrad 2-BioRad) in total volume of 20µl reactions with 7.2 µl distilled water, 2 µl dNTPs, 2 µl 10x NH4 buffer, 0.6 µl MgCl2 (50µM), 1.5 µl of each primer, 4 µl 5x CES (Combinatorial Enhancer Solution), 0.2 µl Biotaq DNA polymerase, and 1-2 µl of unquantified total genomic DNA. The mixture was mostly prepared as a master mix for several samples at a time, the quantity of each reagent was multiplied by the number of samples, in addition to a negative sample, then the mix was vortexed and centrifuged for a minute. After that, the appropriate amount of the mixture was aliquotted in the PCR tubes using pipette. For the samples that did not produce any PCR products (from trnL-F and ndhF), a second trial reaction was carried out with the addition of 2 µl of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) to each in order to relieve interference and inhibitors in PCR products.

The PCR program for ITS reactions consisted of an initial denaturation or heating step at 94°C for 3 minutes, followed by the of 35 cycles at 94°C for 30 seconds, then the annealing step at 50°C for one minute, followed by incubation phase at 72°C for 50 seconds with additional six minutes at 72°C following the final cycle, and finally incubation at 8°C forever.

The PCR program for ndhF reactions consisted of an initial denaturation or heating step at 94°C for 3 minutes, followed by the denaturation step of 35 cycles at 94°C for 30 seconds, then the

26 annealing step at 48°C for one minute, followed by incubation phase at 72°C for 50 seconds with an additional six minutes at 72°C following the final cycle, and finally incubation at 8°C forever. Another amplification reaction was performed for the samples that did not show any bands under the UV chamber with the addition of BSA. This resulted in positive reactions for most of the samples.

The PCR program for trnL-F was the standard protocol reaction for trnL-F that consisted of an initial denaturation or heating step at 94°C for 4 minutes, followed by the denaturation step of 35 cycles at 94°C for 45 seconds, then the annealing step at 55°C for 45 seconds, followed by incubation phase at 72°C for three minutes with additional ten minutes at 72°C following the final cycle, and finally incubation at 8°C forever. trnL-F amplification reactions were carried out twice for the samples that did not produce any PCR products. Both times with BSA but the first time following the standard protocol and the second time following the protocol of Davis, et al., (2002) which is the same protocol for ndhF mentioned above. This treatment resulted in the production of PCR products for few of the samples that failed to produce any products using the standard protocol, except two samples that did not produce any band for any of the regions.

The PCR products were checked on 1% agarose gel then the positive products were purified. The failed samples were amplified again.

3.3 PCR PURIFICATION PCR products were purified using the ExoSAP IT (GE Healthcare) protocol. This protocol allows the full recovery of PCR products. This was achieved by pipetting 2µl of ExoSAP IT reagent in the tubes, then adding 5µl of the PCR products and mixing. This was followed by incubation for 15 minutes at 80°C in Tetrad 2-Biorad PCR machine.

3.4 DNA SEQUENCING AND EDITING 3.4.1 BigDye reactions The purified PCR products were sequenced using both the forward and the reverse primers in two separate reactions using a PCR amplification. The reactions were set up in 0.2ml PCR strips, with 2 reactions per sample. A master mix was prepared for one primer and for a number of samples. The amount of each reagent per sample was: 6.18 µl distilled water, 2 µl 5x sequencing buffer, 0.32 µl of 10 µM primer and 0.5 µl Bigdye. The master mix was homogenized by vortex then briefly centrifuged. A total of 9 µl of the master mix was aliquot into the 0.2ml PCR strips then the appropriate amount of DNA template was added to the tubes, that were centrifuged briefly. The quantity of purified DNA template varied between 0.5-2 µl depending on the brightness of the PCR bands on the 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. About 2 µl of DNA template was used in the reactions for the samples that produced very faint PCR bands, while 0.5 µl was added when the PCR bands were bright and hence concentrated. The tubes were appropriately labeled with the sample number and primer abbreviation. Then they were placed in PCR machine for amplification under the following conditions: 25 cycles of denaturation at 95°C for 30 seconds, annealing at 50°C for 20 seconds and extension at 60°C for 4 minutes and finally at 4°C forever. The reactions strips were properly labeled and placed in the sequencing plates in the freezer at -20°C.

For seven samples, internal primers for trnL-F were used. The primer trnE did not produce good quality sequences, but trnD produced a better quality. Both internal primers were decided not to be used in this study as the other primers used for trnL-F worked well.

3.4.2 Sequence editing The sequence data were retrieved from the Genepool folder and edited with the computer software SEQUENCHER 5.0 (Gene Codes Corporation). The unedited data had low quality sequences at the beginning and at the end, and these low quality data were trimmed off and better quality sequences were produced. For some sequences, trimming was performed manually. After editing, the 2 sequences from forward and reverse reactions for each sample were assembled and

28 the contigs were created. The aligned sequences were viewed and the forward and reverse sequences were checked for the correct direction. Then, the contigs were checked for errors and ambiguities between the forward and the reverse using the chromatograms to detect the errors and correct them. Finally, the consensus sequences were exported as FASTA format for alignment with several samples data.

3.4.3 Sequence alignment The data sets for each region were viewed in a computer program MESQUITE v.2.74 (Maddison. W. P., & Maddison, D. R., 2010) and aligned by eye. The ingroup and outgroup were aligned together. A total of 3 matrices were produced for ITS, ndhF and trnL-F.

3.5 PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES 3.5.1 Parsimony analysis To investigate the relationship between A. socotranus and the remaining Acridocarpus species and to identify the differences between the A. orientalis populations, the newly generated datasets from ITS, ndhF and trnL-F (see Appendix 3-5), were assembled with the ITS, ndhF and trnL-F datasets obtained from Davis, C. C., (Harvard, USA). The three datasets for each gene were analyzed independently using Parsimony analyses implemented in PAUP v.4.0 (Swofford, 2000) with heuristic search for 1000 replicates Starting tree(s) were obtained via stepwise random sequence addition, tree-bisection-reconnection (TBR) branch swapping, MulTrees in effect, branches collapsed if minimum branch length is zero and only one tree held at each step during stepwise addition. For trnL-F analysis, to save time, no more than 100 trees of score (length) greater than or equal to 5 were saved in each replicate. Gap positions were treated as missing, all characters were weighted equally, and characters states were unordered. For ndhF the full length of the sequences were used in the analysis, for ITS 32 bps were excluded from the beginning of the sequences because of inconsistency with the other ingroup sequences. The missing data were treated as “?” and the sequences used in these analyses were run using all the sequences of Acridocarpus separately for each region. Phylograms and the most parsimonious trees were produced in addition to strict consensus trees. Bootstrap support for each clade was estimated from 10,000 heuristic search replicates using equal weighting, with tree-bisection-reconnection (TBR) and MulTrees off, branch swapping on effect. Prior to performing the combined analysis,

29 the level of congruence between the chloroplast (ndhF and trnL-F) and nuclear (ITS) data partitions was assessed. First it was assessed by comparing the topologies of the trees visually and then by using the the incongruence length difference (ILD) test of Farris et al. (1994), implemented in PAUP* as the Partition Homogeneity Test. Parsimony and Bayesian analyses of the combined ITS, ndhF and trnL-F data were conducted for the samples that produced sequences for the three regions.

3.5.2 Estimation of the best evolution model using MrModel test The Akaike information criterion (AIC) in MrModel test v.2.3 (Nylander, 2008) was used to select appropriate models of nucleotide evolution for Bayesian phylogenetic analyses, and PAUP* v.4.0 was used to calculate model likelihoods for use in MrModel test. The mitochondrial dataset (trnL-F) was run independently and was given the appropriate model for this partition. The other mitochondrial dataset (ndhF) was partitioned by codon position but allowing Mr Bayes to estimate the best evolution model. The nuclear dataset (ITS) was partitioned by the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene (5.8S) and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) producing 3 partitions and each partition was run through MrModel test to identify the best partition-specific nucleotide model.

3.5.3 Bayesian analysis Phylogenies were estimated using Bayesian Metropolis-Hastings coupled Markov chain Monte Carlo (BMCMC) phylogenetic methods conducted in MrBayes v. 3.2. (Altekar, et al., 2004). Bayesian analysis was carried out for the combined dataset only. The dataset was separated into seven partitions corresponding to trnL-F, ITS1, 5.8s, ITS2, first, second, and third codon positions of ndhF and used the Akaike information criterion obtained from MrModel test for the first 4 partitions. While Mr Bayes was allowed to estimate the best-fit nucleotide substitution models for each codon position for the ndhF data partition. Then the combined matrix was analyzed in Mr Bayes and run twice with four chains for two million generations, sampling every 100 generations after removing the first 5,000 trees for each run. The branch length was calculated and saved.

3.6 RESULTS

3.6.1 Sequence characterisation

Sequences characterisation of each dataset (ITS, ndhF and trnL-F) and for the combined dataset are summarized in table 3. A total of 832 bp of ITS sequence, 730 bp of ndhF sequence and 976 bp of trnL-F sequence were determined for each taxon in the analyses. Length variations were observed for ITS and trnL-F sequences. The length variation among trnL-F sequences is attributed to the several A-T rich regions (Davis, et al., 2001).

The constant characters for the aligned sequences of ITS, ndhF and trnL-F were 473 bp, 662 bp and 893 bp respectively. ITS had many variable and parsimony informative characters of 120 bp and 207 bp respectively. While ndhF aligned sequences composed of 29 bp of variable characters and 39 bp of parsimony informative characters. However, trnL-F sequences had the least parsimony informative characters with only 33 bp and 50 bp of variable characters. Hence, polytomies were observed on the trees generated from trnL-F dataset.

The combined data matrix length was 2538 bp. It contained 44 ingroup accessions and two outgroup taxa. The data set was reduced to contain only the taxa from which complete sequences were obtained from nrDNA (ITS) and crDNA (ndhF+trnL-F). This dataset contained 2035 constant nucleotide positions and of 194 variable nucleotide positions, 277 were parsimony informative.

The partition homogeneity test conducted on the chloroplast (ndhF+trnL-F) and nuclear (ITS) datasets showed significant incongruence with P=0.014. When I included my study group only, the datasets were significantly congruent ( P=0.98). The incongruence was apparently in one of the clades that contained other Acridocarpus species. According to Davis, et al., (2002), this incongruence is due to the alternate position of Acrdiocarpus macrocalyx , A. plagiopterus, and A. staudtii between the two datasets. This means this conflict is not within the East Africa clade. However, the combined analysis was valid based on the Templeton test in PAUP which was used by Davis, et al., (2002) to assess this conflict and it appeared to be insignificant.

TABLE 3. Sequences and data analysis characteristics of ITS, ndhF, trnL-F and the combined dataset of the three regions together.

Parameter ITS ndhF trnL-F Combined No. of taxa (ingroup) 49 46 44 44 No. of taxa (outgroup) 2 2 2 2 Total aligned matrix length (bp) 832 730 976 2506 No. of excluded characters (bp) 32 - - No. of total MP trees 3 12 1391 67 No. of trees retained by filter 2 6 1021 48 No. of constant characters (bp) 473 662 893 2035 No. of variable characters - parsimony-uninformative (bp) 120 29 50 194 No. of parsimony informative characters (bp) 207 39 33 277 Steps per character for consensus tree 1.5 0.13 0.089 0.299 No. of most parsimonious trees 2 6 1021 48 Tree length 566 89 86 737 Consistency index (CI) (excluding uninformative characters) 0.671 0.776 1.0 0.695 Retention index (RI) 0.868 0.951 1.0 0.885

3.6.2 Phylogenetic analyses 3.6.2.1 Parsimony analyses trnL-F- Parsimony analysis of trnL-F dataset excluding the variable parsimony uninformative characters yielded 1391 trees, 1021 were parsimony equal trees with length of 86 and both consistency index (CI) and retention index (RI) with value of 1.0 (Figure 6). The absolute value of CI indicates a perfect fit between the data and the tree, but very low level of homoplasy. trnL- F analysis revealed low number of steps per character (0.089; Table 3), this indicates the slow evolving rate of trnL-F. A polytomy is observed in the trees generated from trnL-F dataset. The low resolution of the clades in a trnL-F tree and the collapse of branches in the strict consensus tree is generally due to lack of supporting characters. The trnL-F dataset had the least informative parsimony characters and thus these poltytomies are expected. The clade with bootstrap support of 69% is a polytomy involving A. socotranus and East African clades with 82% and 79% support respectively, as well as all of A. orientalis accessions with low resolution. This polytomy also contains some taxa from Davis, et al., (2002) West African clade. The tree shows the monophyly of Acridocarpus as a clade with high value of bootstrap (94%). However, despite the appearance of a polytomy and low resolution in the tree of trnL-F dataset, it identified A. socotranus as a distinct taxon that molecularly differs from the other Arabian taxon (A. orientalis).

33 ndhF- Parsimony analysis of ndhF dataset excluding the variable parsimony uninformative characters yielded 12 trees, 6 were parsimony equal trees with length of 89, consistency index (CI) of 0.7759 and retention index (RI) of 0.9508 (Figure 7). ndhF analysis gave low number of steps per character (0.13; Table 3), this indicates that ndhF as a chloroplast coding gene does not evolve at a fast rate. The Parsimony analysis of the ndhF dataset agrees with trnL-F results on the monophyly of Acridocarpus. It places A. socotranus in the east Africa clade of Acridocarpioids with a bootstrap support of 72%. It also indicates that A.socotranus is a distinct species and is sister taxon to A. orientalis. The A. orientalis clade is highly supported with value of 86%. It splits into a subclade that contains all the accessions from the south with 54% bootstrap support. A. orientalis as a clade is situated within the east Africa clade (Figure 7.).

ITS- Parsimony analysis of the ITS dataset excluding the variable parsimony uninformative characters yielded three trees. Two were parsimony equal trees with length of 566, consistency index (CI) of 0.671 and retention index (RI) of 0.868 (Figure 8). The CI value indicates a moderate level of homoplasy while the considerably high RI value indicates that the cladogram of ITS in figure 8. represents the data in its best way with the given dataset. The ITS analysis revealed a relatively high number of steps per character (1.5; Table 3), this indicates that ITS is a rapidly evolving region, and characters have changed about twice on ITS consensus trees. The phylogram of the most parsimonious trees of ITS showed more resolution than trnL-F and ndhF datasets separately. It places A. socotranus within the east Africa clade and identifies it as a distinct taxon with 100% bootstrap support. Furthermore the ITS analysis indicates that A. orientalis is the sister taxon to A. socotranus with a bootstrap support of 64% and this clade could be named as the “Arabia clade” as shown in Figure 4.8. The split within A. orientalis clade divides the southern and northern accessions into two separate subclades with bootstrap support of 66% and 91% respectively. Generally speaking, the three datasets topologies do not conflict with each other, they are in some agreement together, with ITS producing a highly resolved trees and trnL-F producing the least resolved, yet not completely uninformative tree. The separate datasets suggest the maintenance of A. socotranus and A. orientalis as distinct species. The ITS and ndhF datasets indicate that A. socotranus and A. orientalis are sister taxa. Both datasets divide the northern and southern A. orientalis accessions into two subclades, and place the Arabia clade within the east Africa clade,

34 while the trnL-F dataset mixes the accessions from both population in a polytomy largely because of low resolution.

Brachylophon curtisii Outgroup Barnebya dispar A.adenophorus A.austrocaledonicus NC & MAD A.excelsus A macrocalyx A macrocalyx A plagiopterus A staudtii 60 A macrocalyx 94 A plagiopterus A smeathmannii WAFR 87 A smeathmannii A smeathmannii 59 A smeathmannii A smeathmannii 94 A alternifolius A chevalieri 69 90 A.longifolius A.longifolius A.orientalis (Popov 85) A orientalis 21788 A orientalis 21789 A orientalis 21790 * A orientalis 21933 A orientalis 21941 Acridocarpus A orientalis 21791 A orientalis 21792

A orientalis 21793 Arabia A orientalis 21794

* orientalis A orientalis 21929 n

A orientalis 21935 clade

A orientalis 21938

A orientalis 21939

clade A orientalis 21940 A orientalis 21942

* A orientalis 21943 A orientalis 21944 A orientalis 21945 * A orientalis 21930 A orientalis 21937 82 A.socotranus 21787 Socotra group A socotranus 21925

79 A natalitius 92 A ballyi EAFR A zanzibaricus 1 change

FIGURE 6. One of the two equally most-parsimonious trnL-F trees of Acridocarpus. This is derived from analysis of trnL-F sequences. The trees have length of 86 and both consistency index (CI) and retention index (RI) with value of 1.0. The clades that collapse in the strict consensus are indicated by asterisks. Bootstrap values are given to those clades supported at ≥ 50% and indicated above branches. Distributions of species (from Davis et al., 2002) to the right, NC & MAD, New Caledonia and Madagascar; WAFR, west Africa; EAFR, east Africa. A.orientalis from northern Oman indicated in red, from southern Oman in blue, and A.socotranus are indicated in green. A.orientalis (Popov 85) is obtained from Davies, et al., (2002).

Brachylophon curtisii Outgroup Barnebya dispar A adenophorus 65 A austrocaledonicus NC & MAD A excelsus 62 A macrocalyx * A macrocalyx 98 A plagiopterus * A plagiopterus 70 A macrocalyx 83 A staudtii A smeathmannii WAFR 95 * A smeathmannii 62 * A smeathmannii A smeathmannii * A smeathmannii 93 A.longifolius 25 A.longifolius 160 63 A.alternifolius A.chevalieri 63 A.natalitius 86 64 A.ballyi EAFR A.zanzibaricus * A.socotranus 21926 96 Socotra 67 * A.socotranus 21787 A.socotranus 21925 group 72 A.orientalis 21788 A.orientalis 21789 Southern 54 A.orientalis 21790 Oman * A.orientalis 21933 group A.orientalis 21941

A.orientalis (Popov 85) orientalis Acridocarpus

86 A.orientalis 21791 Arabia A.orientalis 21792 A.orientalis 21793

A0orientalis 21794 clade A.orientalis 21929 * Northern A.orientalis 21942 A.orientalis 21943 Oman A.orientalis 21945 group

* A.orientalis 21930 clade A.orientalis 21935

* A.orientalis 21937 A.orientalis 21938 A.orientalis 21939 A.orientalis 21940 A.orientalis 21944 1 change

FIGURE 7. One of the six equally most-parsimonious ndhF trees of Acridocarpus. The trees have length of 89 steps , CI of 0.776, RI of 0.951 and RC of 0.812. Clades that collapse in the strict consensus are indicated by asterisks. Bootstrap values are given to those clades supported at ≥ 50% and indicated above branches. Distributions of species (from Davis et al., 2002) to the right, NC & MAD, New Caledonia and Madagascar; WAFR, west Africa; EAFR, east Africa. Distribution of A.orientalis from northern Oman indicated in red, from southern Oman in blue, and A.socotranus are indicated in green. A.orientalis (Popov 85) is obtained from Davies, et al., (2002).

Brachylophon curtisii Outgroup Barnebya dispar MAD 100 A.adenophorus 75 A.excelsus A.austrocaledonicus NC A.smeathmannii

100 A.smeathmannii 100 A.smeathmannii * A.smeathmannii A.smeathmannii 98 A.plagiopterus 100 100 A.plagiopterus WAFR A.staudtii 90 A.macrocalyx 99 * A.macrocalyx A.macrocalyx 100 A.alternifolius 74 71 A.chevalieri 100 A.longifolius A.longifolius A.natalitius * 90 100 A.ballyi EAFR A.zanzibaricus A.socotranus 21787 100 A.socotranus 21925 Socotra * A.socotranus 21926 70 * group A.socotranus 21928 A.orientalis 21788 * A.orientalis 21789 A.orientalis 21790 Southern A.orientalis 21931 Oman 64 66 * A.orientalis 21932 group *A. orientalis 21933 A.orientalis 21934

A.orientalis 21941 Arabian

A.orientalis (Popov 85) orientalis Acridocarpus 99 A.orientalis 21791

A.orientalis 21792 clade A.orientalis 21793

A.orientalis 21794 * A.orientalis 21929 Northern A.orientalis 21930 * Oman 91 * A.orientalis 21935 A.orientalis 21937 group A.orientalis 21938

clade A.orientalis 21939 A.orientalis 21940 A.orientalis 21942 A.orientalis 21943 A.orientalis 21944 A.orientalis 21945 5 changes

FIGURE 8. One of the two equally most-parsimonious ITS trees of Acridocarpus. The trees have length of 566 steps , CI of 0.671, RI of 0.868 and RC of 0.647. Those few clades that collapse in the strict consensus are indicated by asterisks. Bootstrap values are given to those clades supported at ≥ 50% and indicated above branches. Distributions of species (from Davis et al., 2002) to the right, NC & MAD, New Caledonia and Madagascar; WAFR, west Africa; EAFR, east Africa. A.orientalis from northern Oman indicated in red, from southern Oman in blue, and A.socotranus are indicated in green. A.orientalis (Popov 85) is obtained from Davies et al., (2002).

3.6.3 Combined dataset analyses

Parsimony analysis- Parsimony analysis of the combined dataset for the taxa with complete sequences from the three regions yielded 67 most parsimonious trees, 48 were parsimony equal trees with length of 737, consistency index (CI) of 0.695 and retention index (RI) of 0.885. The parsimony analysis showed a 0.299 value of number of steps per parsimony character. The clades were supported by bootstrap values and they confirm the monophyly of Acrdiocarpus as a clade with a high support of 83% (Figure 9). The interesting finding is the split between the two populations of A. orientalis, the northern and the southern with support values of 90% and 86% respectively. Furthermore, A. socotranus from the combined analysis shows to be a sister taxon to A. orientalis with high bootstrap support of 100%. This clade which can informally named as the “Arabia clade” that contains the two populations of A. orientalis from Oman and A. socotranus from Socotra is highly supported with 86% bootstrap value and it is nested within the east Africa clade with 97% support.

Bayesian analysis- The most appropriate nucleotide substitution models were chosen with MrModelTest and the models of substitutions for each partition are summarized in Table 4. TABLE 4. The evolution models estimated by MrModel Test for the 4 partitions. Partition Best-fit model ITS1 GTR+G 5.8S SYM+G ITS2 HKY+G trnL-F GTR

Bayesian analysis for the combined dataset was carried out and the 50% majority rule consensus tree of the 29680 trees provided estimates was generated with posterior clade probabilities that is almost identical to the strict consensus tree from Maximum Parsimony analysis. Well-supported clades (e.g., posterior probabilities > 0.95) were found throughout the topology for the Acridocarpus taxa in general and for the Arabia clade in particular (Figure 9). Over 80% of the clades received 100% support. Furthermore, the clades found by Bayesian analysis were in agreement with the clades

found by Maximum Parsimony analysis. The East Africa clade that composed of A. ballyi, A. zanzibaricus and A. natalitius is the sister clade to the “Arabia clade” with posterior probability support of 1.00. The Arabia clade consists of A. socotranus and its sister taxon A. orientalis forming a highly supported clade with PP of 1.00. The Acridocarpus orientalis clade splits to form two subclades: one with the southern accessions and the second involving the northern accessions both with PP of 1.0. Both Parsimony and Bayesian analyses are in agreement with each other on indentifying three distinct populations of Acridocarpus within the Arabia clade that is sister to the East African clade. These subclades are well supported by bootstrap values (%) and posterior probabilities.

Brachylophon curtisii Outgroup Barnebya dispar

100 A.adenophorus MAD A.excelsus 1.0 78 1.0 A.austrocaledonicus NC 98 A.plagiopterus

100 1.0 A.plagiopterus 100 1.0 83 A.staudtii 1.0 A.macrocalyx 1.0 89 A.macrocalyx 1.0 A.macrocalyx 100 A.smeathmannii 100 WAFR 1.0 A.smeathmannii 1.0 57 A.smeathmannii 50 A.smeathmannii * A.smeathmannii * 70 100 A.alternifolius 1.0 89 1.0 A.chevalieri

0.95 100 A.longifolius 1.0 A.longifolius A.natalitius 100 88 1.0 1.0 100 A.ballyi EAFR 1.0 A.zanzibaricus 100 A.socotranus 21787 Socotra 97 1.0 A.socotranus 21925 1.0 group A.orientalis 21788 A.orientalis 21789 Southern 86 86 A.orientalis 21790 Oman 1.0 1.0 A.orientalis 21933 group A.orientalis 21941

A.orientalis (popov 85) Acridocarpus 100 A.orientalis 21791 1.0 A.orientalis 21792 Arabia A.orientalis 21793

A.orientalis 21794 n

clade

A.orientalis 21929 orientalis 90 A.orientalis 21942 1.0 Northern A.orientalis 21943 Oman A.orientalis 21945 group

A.orientalis 21935 clade A.orientalis 21938

* A.orientalis 21939 A.orientalis 21940 A.orientalis 21944 * A.orientalis 21930 A.orientalis 21937 10 changes

FIGURE 9. A Phylogram tree for combined analysis. A phylogram of one of the 48 equally parsimonious trees estimated from combined ITS, ndhF, and trnL-F sequences for 46 taxa (tree length=737, CI=0.695, RI=0.885, RC=0.69, step per character state=0.299). The clades that collapse in the strict consensus are indicated by asterisks. Bootstrap values are given to those clades supported at ≥ 50% and indicated above branches. The values highlighted in grey below the branches are posterior probabilities obtained from Bayesian analysis. Distributions of species (from Davis et al., 2002) to the right, NC & MAD, New Caledonia and Madagascar; WAFR, west Africa; EAFR, east

Africa. Distribution of A.orientalis from northern Oman indicated in red, from southern Oman in blue, and A.socotranus are indicated in green. A.orientalis (Popov 85) is obtained from Davies, et al., (2002).

3.7 DISCUSSION

3.7.1 Phylogeny relationship Based on molecular data, all analyses identified Acridocarpus socotranus as a distinct species. The putative sister taxa, A. socotranus and A. orientalis, are both highly resolved and are two different taxa falling within the Davis, et al., (2002) East Africa clade. This new finding does not disagree with Davis, et al., (2002), it adds a new taxon in the clade and together with the other Arabia Acridocarpus species form a distinct well supported Arabian clade. My findings show that A. socotranus diversified from the most recent common ancestor parallel to the formation of A. orientalis, thus genetically they were placed next to each other as sister taxa.

3.7.2 Phylogeny of the Acridocarpus orientalis clade The split in the A. orientalis clade giving two subclades can be interpreted with different scenarios. The first scenario is that each subclade is actually a distinct taxon that is from molecular perspective, is different. The combined analysis of three DNA regions, and being geographically separated allowed this divergence to be seen genetically among the two populations. It also indicates that they have been separated for a long time that there is no form of molecular exchange between the two subclades. This scenario accepts the hypothesis by Miller (unpublished) that speculated morphological differentiation between northern and southern Acridocarpus populations in Oman. The two putative subclades are highly supported by bootstrap values and posterior probabilities which also confirms the segregation of A. orientalis clade into different taxa. These two populations are geographically isolated by sand desert created by the southwest monsoon winds, Ash Sharqiyah Sands formerly known as Wahiba Sands. It covers an area of approximately 16,000km2 in eastern Oman and borders the Indian Ocean. The sand sea is situated in a local subsidence area positioned between the Oman Mountains to the north and the Huqf–Jabal Ja’alan anticline to the south (Ghazanfar and Fisher, 1998; Radies, et al., 2005). This isolation indicates that there is no chance of genetic exchange between the two populations and served as a barrier that prevented any connection. The molecular data represented in the number of changes and shorter branches lengths show recent split

between the northern and the southern clades. The age of each subclade was not estimated, but there might have been an exchange between the two taxa before the formation of Ash Sharqiyah Sands that estimated to be formed during the last glacial maximum about 20,000 years ago (Radies, et al., 2005). Although there were not as many collections from the south as from the north, there were enough accessions that covered a wide geographical range from which those accessions were sampled. The ITS and ndhF tree topologies showed a separation between the two populations and the combined Parsimony and Bayesian analyses were in congruence with the separate analyses, this confirms the existence of two distinct taxa of Acridocarpus in Oman based on molecular data.

Acridocarpus is generally a tropical genus and a few species have become adapted to the arid climate of part of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Having a new taxon within this genus increases the diversification of this Old World genus and expand its distribution. Furthermore, it predicts plants adaptation to climate and its response to aridification (Davis, et al., 2002).

The other scenario is that the two subclades (northern and southern) form one taxon and despite the variation at the molecular level, they both belong to one species which is Acridocarpus orientalis. This scenario is very unlikely with the well supported clades and geographic isolation. However, to verify molecular data, the morphological characters will be examined and compared to the molecular results.

3.8 CONCLUSION

The results from the molecular analyses supported the hypothesis about morphological differences between the two Acridocarpus orientalis populations in Oman. Although trnL-F dataset did not give resolved clades, it was not contradicting with the other datasets. ITS and ndhF from cpDNA agreed and showed almost a complete congruent in their topologies. The two subclades show a recent split from their common ancestor indicated in the branch length, which suggests a recent speciation. However, the results does not tell us which rank is the two subclades are but they can be two species or different taxa alongside the distinct Acridocarpus socortranus from Socotra.

CHAPTER 4: Morphological Analysis

4.1 Materials and methods 4.1.1 Plant material Morphological data were recorded for a total of 25 specimens represent Acridocarpus from Oman and Yemen (Socotra). The examined specimens were from Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (E) alongside some specimens dried and pressed from fieldtrips (deposited in E and Oman Botanic Garden herbarium). All the herbarium specimens used for molecular extractions were used for this analysis but in some cases additional specimens were examined to record all the relevant data. Five specimens were examined for Acridocarpus socotranus Oliv., eight specimens of Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. from the southern population and 12 specimens from the northern population (Table 5). The voucher details were entered into BG-BASE (RBGE main database) and localities were geo-referenced using the fuzzy gazetteer and National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency GNS search.

4.1.2 Character selection Based on the molecular data, the specimens were divided according to the populations of Acridocarpus found in the Arabian peninsula, i.e., Socotra, northern Oman and southern Oman, to test the robustness of the phylogenetic findings.

A character matrix using EXCEL was created and a number of morphological characters were identified and entered into the sheets for each single specimens. The average score was calculated for the relevant characters. The morphological characters were selected based on previous descriptions and the features observed while examining the specimens. The characters recorded were: 1. Habit 2. Plant length (this data was taken from the voucher) 3. Stem (pubescence, bark nature, shape, woodiness) 4. Leaf (margin, shape, apex, pubescence (hairiness), width and length (cm)) 5. Leaf glands 6. Petiole size (mm) and pubescence 7. Inflorescence (position, rachis, peduncle and pedicel size) 8. Number of florets

9. Bracts and bracteoles (size and shape) 10. Calyx pubescence 11. Calyx glands (number) 12. Corolla colour 13. Samara (shape, colour, pubescence, width and length, angle between the 2 wings)

All measurements were taken using a ruler that has cm and mm measurements. The specimens were examined under Light Microscopy (LM) for hairs, glands and detailed features. Some flowers were dehydrated in hot water and were examined under LM and a protractor was used to measure the angles between the fruit wings.

Table 5. The vouchers used for the morphological analysis. Acronyms; E= Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh herbarium.

Taxon Source Voucher Distribution

Acridocarpus socotranus Oliv. E A.G.Miller et al. M.8253A Socotra Acridocarpus socotranus Oliv. E A.G.Miller et al. M.8379 Socotra Acridocarpus socotranus Oliv. E Ensoll, Banfield and Scott EBS133 Socotra Acridocarpus socotranus Oliv. E A.G.Miller et al. M.10375A Socotra Acridocarpus socotranus Oliv. E A.G.Miller et al. M. 8632 Socotra Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. Al Issaey and Knees IK1 South Oman Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. Al Issaey and Knees IK2 South Oman Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. Al Issaey and Knees IK3 South Oman Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. E R.P.Whitcombe 975 South Oman Acridocarpus E A.G. Miller 2692 South Oman Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. E L. McLeish 1525 South Oman Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. E L. McLeish 1524 South Oman Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. Al Issaey and Knees IK4 South Oman Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. Knees, Miller and Patzelt KMP1 North Oman Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. Al Issaey and Knees IK9 North Oman Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. E J.R.Edmondson E 3181 North Oman Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. E A.G.Miller & J.A.Nyberg M 9544 North Oman Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. E J.R.Maconochie 3342 North Oman Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. E R.Whitcombe 291 North Oman Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. E M.D.Gallagher 6733/1 North Oman Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. E A.G. Miller 6587 North Oman Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. E L. McLeish 661 North Oman Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. Knees, Miller & Patzelt 3 North Oman Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. Al Issaey and Knees IK5 North Oman Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. A.Patzelt 11 North Oman

4.1.3 Taxonomic account The data in the matrix were used to write descriptions for each taxon. The distribution maps were created using the Internal Mapping tool implemented in BG-BASE. The distribution was determined for each taxon based on herbarium specimen data in collections housed in the following herbaria: Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (E), Oman National herbarium (ON), Oman Botanic Garden (OBG), and Sultan Qaboos University (SQU). (See Appendix VI).

4.1.4 IUCN assessment A preliminary IUCN assessment was carried out for the newly described taxon. A spreadsheet with the specimens GPS coordinates of the specimens was uploaded into GPS Visualizer (Schneider, 2002) to create a KML file. The KML file was opened in Google Earth and it showed all the points from which the specimens have been collected. The points for each taxon were connected in a polygon. The Polygon data were copied into Earth Point (polygon area measurement tool) and the total area of the polygon was calculated in km2. This area is considered the Area of Occurrence (EOO). By dividing the polygon into cells with an area of 4km2 and the number of cells in which collections were made was multiplied by 4, and the Area of Occupancy (AOO) was then calculated.

4.2 RESULTS

4.2.1 Morphological characterisation Based on the morphological characters, three distinct taxa were identified among the Arabian Acridocarpus material. The differences are summarized in Table 6. Floral parts were not included because of uniformity of flower characters among the three taxa with the exception of the number of calyx glands.

Leaf shape. A. socotranus specimens have obovate-to-ovate leaves that are easily distinguished (Figure 10) from the specimens of A. orientalis from both populations (south and north) which exhibit leaves that are elliptic to oblong-elliptic (Figure 11; A & B)

Leaf apex. A. socotranus specimens leaf apices are rounded to obtuse (Figure 10), while A. orientalis specimens have acute-to-obtuse leaf apices. Both A. orientalis populations share the leaf and apex shape. However, these characters differentiate A. socotranus specimens as distinct from them.

Leaf width. A. socotranus specimens showed a different leaf shape, so it is not applicable to compare their leaf width range with the other specimens. However, the average range is calculated for the purpose of writing the taxonomic account. A.orientalis from the south show a slight wider range of leaves width (1.3-4 cm) that is not significant to distinguish it from the northern population (1.3-3.8 cm).

Leaf length. A. socotranus specimens showed different leaves shape, so it is not applicable to compare their leaves length range with the other specimens. However, the average range is calculated for the purpose of writing the taxonomic account. A.orientalis from the south show a slight wider range of leaves width (3.7-10 cm) that is not major difference to distinguish it from the northern population (3.1-9.7 cm).

Leaf glands. This is the first character that differentiated the southern population from the northern A. orientalis population. The southern populations showed two glands or one gland at the base of the leaves (lamina) on the sides of the midrib (Figure 12; B & C). These glands were absent from the northern population. A. socotranus specimens exhibited leaves two or one glands as well (Figure 12; A)

Young leaf venation. Only the A. orientalis population showed conspicuous red venation on the younger leave (Figure 11; A). These red venations were persistent even on older herbarium specimens. The red coloration is due to the red velutinous hairs that cover the younger branches. These red veins were not observed in the northern population, or on A. socotranus specimens.

Petiole length. The specimens of A. socotranus showed shorter average petiole length (0.4-0.8 cm). The differences between the average range of petiole length of A. orientalis populations was not significant with 0.6-1.4 cm for the southern and 0.5-1.1 cm for the northern population.

Bract shape. Although many of the specimens have lost their bracts, few specimens that had bracts had elliptic to oblong bracts that resembled the leaf shape in A. orientalis specimens. However, the southern specimens had red velutinous hairs on the bracts while the northern specimens had light brown hairs. No bracts were observed on A. socotranus specimens.

Bracteole shape. The bracteoles of the three putative taxa are found to be velutinous and minute, not exceeding 2 mm. However, the shape of the bracteoles differs between A. socotranus and A. orientalis, with a triangular lanceolate shape in A. socotranus specimens, while A. orientalis bears oblong bracteoles.

Pedicel length. The pedicel average length of the examined A. socotranus was 1.6-2 cm. The northern populations of A. orientalis showed a slightly longer pedicel length with an average range of 2.4-3 cm, while the southern population had a range of 2-2.5 cm.

Inflorescence rachis length and pubescence. The rachis length varied among the three taxa, with average length range of 7.8-10.3 cm, 5-9.5 cm and 2.5-4 cm for A. socotranus, southern and northern A. orientalis respectively. Regardless of the length, the southern population specimens showed thick red velutinous hairs on the rachis that is conspicuous and not seen on the other taxa (Figure 15; I & J).

Calyx glands. Although it was not easy to count the number of calyx glands on all flowers and flower buds on the specimens that had them, A. socotranus usually had more than 2 calyx glands and can be up to 5 glands per flower (Figure 13; D). On the other hand, both A. orientalis populations showed 1 or 2 calyx glands per flower (Figure 13; E & F). Nevertheless, the shape of the calyx glands differed between A. socotranus and A. orientalis, with a slightly larger and ovate glands on the former. The calyx glands resemble those found on the leaves of A. socotranus and the southern population of A. orientalis.

Samara width and length. Only two specimens of A. socotranus had completed samaras on them, however, it was evident that this species has shorter and narrower wings with average width of 1 cm and length of 1.8-1.9 cm. On the other hand, the size of the fruits was one of the characters that distinguished between the northern and southern populations of A. orientalis. The southern population specimens had wider fruit wings and length, with an average width of 1.8-2.1 cm, and an average length of 3.1-3.7 cm. In contrast, the northern population specimens had narrower and shorter wings with an average width 1-1.3 cm and an average length of 2.2-3 cm. Hence the ratio between south and north widths is 1:0.5 and the length ratio is 1:0.8. It is evident that the ratio difference is significant (Figure 14; G & H).

Angle between samara wings. The angle between the samara wings of A. socotranus was measured as 45°. This character is found to be another good feature to differentiate between the northern and southern populations of A. orientalis. The angle between samara wings of northern population found to be greater with a range of 61.8°-66.8° (Figure 14; G)., while the southern population specimens showed a narrower angle with a

range of 35°-36.7° (Figure 14; H). This difference in the angles is very conspicuous and sets the two populations apart. Furthermore, the edge of the wings on the southern fruits are angled at the sides, while the northern fruits showed no curvature on the edge of the wings and are more horizontal.

TABLE 6. Selected characters that show the differences between the 3 identified taxa in the Arabian Peninsula, A. socotranus, A. orientalis (south) and A. orientalis (north).

Acridocarpus Acridocarpus orientalis Character socotranus South North Leaf shape Obovate elliptic to oblong-elliptic elliptic to oblong- to ovate (lanceolate to ovate) elliptic (lanceolate to ovate) Leaf apex Rounded to obtuse Acute to obtuse Acute to obtuse Leaf (average) width (cm) 1.9-3.7 1.3-4 1.3-3.8 Leaf (average) length (cm) 3.6-6.9 3.7-10 3.1-9.7 Leaf glands 1 or 2 at the base or none 1 or 2 at the base or none None Young leaf venation Not conspicuous Red Not conspicuous Petiole (average) length (cm) 0.4-0.8 0.6-1.4 0.5-1.1 Bract shape - elliptic to oblong elliptic to oblong Bract size (cm) - 1.2 1 Bracteole shape Triangular to lanceolate Oblong Oblong Pedicel (average) length (cm) 1.6-2 2-2.5 2.4-3 Inflorescence rachis length 7.8-10.3 5-9.5 2.5-5 (cm) Calyx glands More than 2 Up to 2 or none Up to 2 or none Samara (average) width 1 1.8-2.1 1-1.3 Samara (average) length 1.8-1.9 3.1-3.7 2.2-3 Angles between samaras (°) 45 35-36.7 61.8-66.8

4.3 DISCUSSION

4.3.1 Morphological relationships This study was undertaken to investigate the taxa of Acridocarpus in the Arabian Peninsula. The recognized taxa are Acridocarpus socotranus the endemic from Yemen- (Socotra), Acridocarpus orientalis from northern Oman and UAE and Acridocarpus sp. from southern Oman.

Flowers of neotropical Malpighiaceae are considered conserved by Anderson (1979), due to its specific-specialized pollinator in relation to the diversity of their fruits and habits. The Old World Malpighiaceae shows a diverse flower morphology compared to the species richness which is generally considered to be poor. While many Old World Malpighiaceae species lost their calyx glands as a result of the disappearance of New World pollinators, most of Acridocarpus species retained these glands but as nectar secreting glands instead of oil-glands, which are typically found in most of New World Malpighiaceae. However, the examined species showed an overall uniformity in flower structure and orientation except in the number of calyx glands.

Acridocarpus socotranus specimens had more than 2 calyx glands that resemble in shape and size the glands on the base of the leaves. In addition to the leaf shape and size, these characters are particular for this taxon and they clearly define this species. Specimens of A. orientalis from southern Oman showed distinct morphological differences that distinguished it from specimens representing the northern population. The red venation on younger leaves and the conspicuous red velutinous hairs on the rachis are characters observed only on the southern specimens.

Generally, genera of the Malpighiaceae have traditionally been recognized primarily on the basis of fruit type (Davis, 2002). Acridocarpus species have a have a distinctive samaras in which mericarps of each taxon differ in shape, size and the angle between the wings (Launert, 1968) (Figure 16). The recognition of the southern specimens as a new species is supported by the fruit shape, size and the angle between wings. Furthermore, the glands at the base of the lamina is a character that has been noticed only in the

southern population specimens but is absent in the northern specimens. This suite of characters can set the two populations apart. Hence, the hypothesis regarding the differentiation of these populations is accepted, and is based on morphological characters they can be readily distinguished.

Davis (in prep.) recognized a specimen that has been collected from southern Oman to have glands on the base of the leaves. This observation coincide with our findings of these glands on most of the southern population specimens, a further character difference which supports the separation of A. orientalis populations in terms of morphology. It was slightly challenging to differentiate the leaf glands from other spots created by the caterpillar of the Giant Skipper butterfly (Coeliades anchises), that depends solely on Acridocarpus orientalis leaves for its food and lay its egg on them. These ova when laid leaves circular marks or holes on the leaves (Cock, 2009), thus examining the specimens under light microscopy was essential and comparing the found leaves glands to those on the calyx. After comparing the glands from leaves and calyx, it was evident that only the southern specimens had the leaves glands on the base.

The morphological findings showed that there are 3 taxa of Acridocrapus in the Arabian Peninsula and one could be recognized as a new species or subspecies. Thulin (1993) reported the presence of A. orientalis in Somalia for the first time based on three collections (Bally & Melville 15851; Hemming & Watson 3107; Thulin & Warfa 5531). Subsequently, Davis (in prep) cited additional collections of A. orientalis from Somalia. All Somalia collections are on loan to Davis (Harvard, USA) and have not been available for examination during the course of this study. However, Davis (pers. comm.) noted that to include the Somalia collections in A. orientalis requires a very broad species concept. He observed indumentum and bract characters that could often separate the Somali collections from the Arabian material but also found occasional exceptions to the pattern, hence his decision to uphold the Somalia collections as part of A. orientalis.

FIGURE 16. Mericarps of various species of Acridocarpus from Tropical East Africa. This figure indicates that mericarp can be used to distinguish between Acridocarpus species. 1. A.pauciglandulosus; 2. A.chloropterus; 3. A.prasinus; 4. A.glaucescens var. ferrugineus; 5. A.alopecurus var. alopecurus; 6. A.congestus; 7. A.ugandensis; 8. A.zanzibaricus; 9. A.smeathmanii; 10. A.scheffleri (Laurent, 1968).

4.3.2 Which taxon gets the name A. orientalis? At this stage, the northern specimens represent a different taxon to those found in than the south. So the question to be asked is which population keeps the original name? The type specimen of A. orientalis and the protologue are based on a specimen collected from northern Oman. The protologue description fits the northern population specimens more closely than the southern specimens. Thus, the northern population will keep the name Acridocarpus orientalis, and the southern population will be given a new description and named Acridocarpus sp. nov. in this study.

4.4 TAXONOMIC ACCOUNT

A further aim of this study is to produce an account of the genus and species of Acridocarpus for eventual publication in Volume three of the Flora of Arabian Peninsula and Socotra.

Family. MALPIGHIACEAE

1. ACRIOCARPUS Guill.

Erect multi-branched velutinous shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire, petiolate usually with circular to ovate glands at the base of the lamina or on both sides of the midrib. Inflorescences terminal and/or axiallary with many flowers in corymbs or racemes; bracts present and persistent varying in size and shape, bracteoles minute at the base of pedicel. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic. Sepals 5, ovate to elliptic, sericeous, with 1-5 circular glands at the base. Petals 5, yellow, glabrous, clawed and fimbriate margin at the apex. Stamens 10, glabrous, anthers poricidal and basifixed. Gynoecium 3-carpellate with one always abortive, ovary velutinous, style persistent glabrous ascending. Samara with persistent dorsal wings the lateral almost always abortive, sparsely tomentose-sericeous.

1. Shrub to 3 m; leaves obovate to ovate 3. A. socotranus + Shrub to 6 m; leaves elliptic to oblong-elliptic 2

2. Branches densely covered with red hairs; leaves with red venation and with circular glands at the lamina base or on both sides of the midrib; samaras with oblique, wide dorsal wings; angle between the wings is 45° or less 2. A. sp. nov.

+ Branches whitish grey with sparse light brown hairs on younger branches; leaves velutinous, eglandular; samaras with straight narrow dorsal wings with the lateral sometimes persistent, angle between the wings is usually 90° or slightly less 1. A. orientalis

1. A. orientalis A.Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 2, 13: 271 (1840). Type: Persia vel potius Arabia circa sinus Persici ingressum Aucher Eloy 4294.; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3:488 (1843). Hooker's Icon. Pl. 25. t 2432 (1896).

Shrub with woody stems up to 4 m with light red tomentum on younger branches, trunk grayish-white. Leaves elliptic to oblong-elliptic (lanceolate to ovate), 3.1-9.7 x 1.3- 3.8cm, acute to obtuse, the margin entire, the base obtuse or acute, younger leaves velutinous with brownish hairs, often becoming glabrate, lamina eglandular; petiole 0.5- 1.1cm, stipules on petiole inner surface opposite stem, pubescent, but usually caduceus. Inflorescences terminal and axillary; rachis 2.5-4cm, flowers per inflorescence ~21; pedicel 2.4-3cm, bracts oblanceoate 1-1.2cm, bracteoles oblong 0.2cm. Flowers pentamerous, calyx free, ovate to elliptic, obtuse to acute at apex, 0.4-0.6 x 0.2-0.35cm, pubescent, with 2 glands externally. Petals yellow; 1-1.7 x 0.6-1 cm; fimbriate at apex. Samara dorsal wings 2.2-3 x 1-1.3cm, mericarp straight, slightly undulate margin, angle between samaras 61.8°-66.8° Map, Fig. 17.

Gravel and rocky slopes with pockets of fine soil, on Wadi sides often with Ficus cordata and Ziziphus spina-cristi; 1-2,300m.

Oman, UAE. ?Somalia

FIGURE 17. Distribution map of A. orientalis in Oman

2. A. sp. nov. Shrub with woody stems up to 6 m with light red tomentum on younger branches, trunk reddish-brown. Leaves elliptic to oblong-elliptic (lanceolate to ovate), 3.7-10 x 1.3-4cm, acute to obtuse, margin entire, base obtuse or acute, younger leaves velutinous with red hairs and venation, often becoming brownish-white, lamina usually with 1-2 glands at the base or on both sides of the midrib, petiole 0.6-1.4cm, stipules on petiole inner surface opposite stem, pubescent, but often cauducous. Inflorescences terminal and/or axillary; rachis 5-9.5cm, flowers per inflorescence ~22, pedicel 2-2.5cm, bracts oblanceoate 1- 2cm, bracteoles oblong 0.2cm. Flowers pentamerous, calyx free, ovate to elliptic, obtuse to acute ate apex, 0.4-0.6 x 0.2-0.35cm, pubescent, with 2 glands externally. Petals yellow; 1-1.7 x 0.6-1 cm; fimbriate at apex. Samara dorsal wings 3.1-3.7 x 1.8-2.1cm, mericarp oblique, slightly undulate margin, angle between samaras 35°-36.7° Map, Fig. 18.

Gravel and rocky slopes in wadis. with Boswellia sacra and Commiphora spp.; 94-866m.

Oman.

FIGURE 18. Distribution of A. sp. nov. in southern Oman.

3. A. socotranus Oliv. Hooker's Icon. Pl. 25: t. 2433 (1896). Type: Bayley Balfour 272. (Isotypes: E!) Shrub with woody stems up to 5m with light red tomentum on younger branches, usually becoming glabrous, trunk grayish-white. Leaves obovate to ovate some are orbicular , 3.6-6.9 x 1.9-3.7cm, rounded to obtuse, the margin entire, the base obtuse to rounded, younger leaves slightly velutinous with brownish hairs, often becoming glabrous, lamina usually with 1-2 glands at the base or on both sides of the midrib, petiole 0.4-0.8cm, no stipules. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, rachis 7.8-10.3cm, flowers per inflorescence ~22, pedicel 1.6-2cm, bracts fall off, bracteoles triangular to lanceolate 0.2cm. Flowers pentamerous, calyx free ovate to elliptic, obtuse to acute ate apex, pubescent, with 5 glands externally. Petals yellow; fimbriate at apex. Samara dorsal wings 1.8-1.9 x 1cm, mericarp straight, entire margin, angle between samaras 45°. Map; Fig. 19

Limestone and granite cliffs or Rocky slopes on coastal cliffs in Rhus shrubland. Often with Rhus thyrsiflora, Buxus hildebrandtii and Carphalea obovata; 30-500m.

Yemen (Socotra).

FIGURE 19. Distribution of A. socotranus on Socotra island.

4.5 IUCN ASESSMENTS 4.5.1 The use of Criterion B : Restricted geographic range and fragmentation, continuing decline or extreme fluctuations Criterion B of IUCN assessment was used for the newly described taxon from southern Oman in this preliminary evaluation. This criterion is the one most commonly used to assess plant species. Furthermore, this taxon is found in a restricted range and is geographically isolated with a few individuals in small populations.

4.5.2 Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. This species was seen in the field to be abundant and covers a wide area. There are no obvious threats to this species and it is well adapted to arid conditions and a dry climate. Thus, it was decided not to assess this plant because of no perceived threats and because of the wide area covered by this species. The conservation status could be Least Concern (LC).

4.5.3 Acridocarpus socotranus Oliv. This species is endemic to the island of Socotra and common in several vegetation types and under no present or perceived threat, thus the conservation status is found to be Least Concern (LC) (Miller and Morris, 2004).

4.5.4 Acridocarpus sp. nov. The species has an extent of occurrence which is less than 5,000 km2 (1,136 km2) so qualifies for the category, Endangered (B1). The species meets the distributional requirement plus at least two of the other options and has an area of occupancy of less than 500km2 (36 km2) so qualifies for Endangered (B2). The collection data shows that this taxon was collected from 7 different localities so subcriteria a can be given. Observations in the field, recorded very few individuals in a population and the disappearance of previously known populations. The field observations infer that the species might be considered to continue declining in subcriteria ii, iii and vi under B1b. The Red List Category and Criteria assigned to this taxon is Endangered B1 ab(ii,iii,vi,v)+2ab(ii,iii,vi,v).

The above IUCN assessment is considered to be preliminary since more data are required. However, during the fieldwork a few months ago, road construction and habitat destruction were observed in areas where this species was recorded previously but no individual plants were seen on this occasion. These threats are causing the populations to decline. The population that was sampled for this research had about 7 mature plants and it was away from the main road. The previously known populations that were not found during the trip were located beside a recently reconstructed main road. These development projects threaten the survival of this taxon adding to the fact that it is already declining because of habitat loss.

4.6 CONCLUSIONS

Morphologically, the three examined populations represent three distinct taxa, with A. socotranus having a very distinct leaf shape. The morphological differences recorded for the southern and northern populations of Acridocarpus from Oman, show that two distinct taxa can be recognized from morphological characters. Thus, the hypothesis suggested by Miller (unpublished) postulating differences between Oman’s northern and southern populations of Acridocarpus is accepted and strongly supported by morphology. Three distinct Acridocarpus taxa can be recognized in the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra.

CHAPTER 5: SYNOPTIC DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS

5.1 BIOGEOGRAPHIC IMPLICATIONS OF ARABIAN ACRIDOCARPUS It has been thought that aridification events throughout Africa contributed to the extinction of many tropical lineages from areas that have been occupied with rainforest taxa and as a result, the current flora of Africa is, on average, show less species diversity than Asian and Neotropical areas (Davis, et al., 2002). However, other studies showed that aridification was not a negative event after all, it allowed the diversification of some lineages that originally inhabited humid tropical regions, this was proven for the South African rich flora that appears to have been associated with an extensive aridification episodes (Willis and Whittaker, 2002). Similarly, Acridocarpus diversified as a result of aridification in Africa (Davis, et al., 2002). The existence of Acridocarpus species in East Africa and Arabia which are considered in the Arid zone region, is an indication of the ability of Acridocarpus to acclimatize to the dry arid climate.

Davis, et al., (2002), estimated the age of a dispersal event that has been inferred from West Africa to East Africa to be occurred between 23.2 ± 1.7 and 17.5 ± 2.0 mya. This gives the approximate age of the common ancestor. Therefore, the Arabian Acridocarpus must be a more recent event. The estimation of diversification of Acridocarpus lineages in the east African clade is found to be occurred 8 ± 1 mya (Davis, et al., 2002).This clade includes A. orientalis and A. socotranus which means these taxa were migrated after the separation of the Arabian plate from the African plate and formation of Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea.

Socotra island has been separated from Southern Arabia in the late Tertiary and exhibits elevated levels of endemism (Attorre, et al., 2007). Its isolation for over 20 mya favored the evolution of new species. The separation of Socotra from mainland goes back to even before the dispersal event of A. orientalis which indicates that A. socotranus is a dispersal event of an Acrdiocarpus lineage. This dispersal is very possible when compared to a long-distance dispersal of Acridocarpus from Africa to Madagascar and then to New Caledonia (Davis, et al., 2002).

During the early Miocene (25 mya), arising of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden begun in response to the separation of Arabia from Africa (Miller and Cope, 1996). This geological event took place before the estimated migration of Acridocarpus to Arabia. However, we cannot give a clear cut on the biogeography of the Arabian Acridocarpus species as due to time constraint, age estimation was not performed. But the different scenarios are: if Acridocarpus orientalis exist in Somalia, then there has been a migration or a dispersal event from Africa to the Arabian Peninsula where it diverged due to genetic and geographical isolation.

The other possible scenario does not favor dispersal as a cause for the existence of Acridocarpus orientalis in both the Arabian Peninsula and Somalia, rather it suggests a migration after the separation of Arabian plate from the Africa. This pattern is found in many disjunct plant groups found on Somalia and Arabia. Thulin (1994) inferred the presence of some species on both Somalia and Arabia to their existence on the African and Arabian plate before the separation like Boswellia sacra and Livistona carinensis. These and some other taxa differentiated due to separation and subsequently diversified to new taxa. Another example is the occurrence of the Zygocarpum species in Somalia and Southern Arabia, areas separated by the Gulf of Aden. Thulin (2001) suggested that this pattern is a result of historical vicariant event and those species once formed one continuous population that got disjunct by the distinct formation of the Gulf of Aden 10 mya. Similar scenario can be inferred for Acridocarpus distribution. However, this could be determined if the age of the Arabian clades was estimated, thus future work is recommended. However, the relationship between A. orientalis from Oman and Somalia could not be determined during this study, but due in future research.

Furthermore, the geographical distance between the two populations in Oman and the molecular differentiation between them, can be explained by a speciation event that is actively taking place.

5.2 CONCLUSIONS

The phylogenies in this study show that Arabian Acridocarpus species are contained in a well supported clade that falls with East Africa Clade designated by Davis, et al., (2002). The Arabia clade contains well supported (>0.95 PP) three subclades containing three distinct taxa, Acridocarpus socotranus, Acridocarpus orientalis and the newly described taxon A. sp. nov. Both molecular and morphological data supported this finding and accepted the hypothesis we tested. The biogeography of these species can be speculated using theories explained the distribution of some plant groups that have similar distribution as Acridocarpus , however, it will still be speculated until future studies are performed.

From a conservation point of view, the preliminary IUCN assessment for the newly described taxon showed that it falls within the Endangered category. This taxon inhabits southern Oman (Dhofar), an area that has been identified among one of the world’s 35 key biodiversity hotspots. Dhofar falls under the Horn of Africa biodiversity hotspot (the dominant vegetation type is Acacia-Commiphora bushland) (Myers, et al., 2000; Patzelt et al., 2009). With climate change and strong possibility of water reduction in the region, plants growth will be restricted (Hall and Miller, 2011). Furthermore, field observation showed massive destruction in some areas where this taxon grew in the past but has not been found since because of major road construction. The recognition of this southern Omani population as a new taxon, combined with the preliminary IUCN assessment may highlight the need for the conservation of this extraordinary habitat.

5.3 FUTURE WORK

Acridocarpus in the Arabian Peninsula seem to provide an interesting example of speciation due to historical vicariant event. The Gulf of Aden, which separates the Arabian Peninsula from Somalia is considered to be relatively recent, c. 10 mya (Thulin, 2001) and one explanation for the slightly differing morphologies of the Arabian/Somali collections of A. orientalis is that these populations are in the early stages of the process of speciation. Future work on Acridocarpus should include sequencing of material from Somalia to test this idea, and produce phylogenies based on both morphological and molecular data, perhaps using four regions instead of three. Furthermore, dating the subclades in the Arabian clade and estimating the age would explain the biogeography and current distribution not only for Acridocarpus species but also other plant groups with similar distribution patterns in the Arabian Peninsula and adjacent lands.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Sabina Knees and Barbara MacKinder for their supervision, suggestions and time throughout the course of my research and their corrections in my thesis, and many thanks to Michelle Hollingsworth and Ruth McGregor for their support and assistance in the molecular lab. I am truly thankful to Diwan of Royal Court, my employer represented in Oman Botanic Garden for funding me throughout the course of MSc. Many special thanks to Kerry Walter for producing the distribution maps using BG- BASE internal mapping tool.

I would like to thank the Oman National herbarium, Sultan Qaboos University herbarium and Annette Patzelt for providing the required data to produce the maps.

I would like to acknowledge the following people who contributed in my research: Andrew Anderson and Ismail Al Rashdi (Oman Botanic Garden) and Leigh Morris (for their help in the field work and samples collection), Michael Möller (for his help in phylogenetic analysis), Greg Kenicer (for his time and expertise to perform Bayesian analysis) and RBGE staff for their support and assistance.

Last but not least, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Louis Ronse de Craene for his continuous support and encouragement throughout this year, he has been always been there answering my questions and concerns, and thanks to my classmates from Msc 10-11 for their moral support, continuous spirit-lifting and for sharing their knowledge and experience with endurance and generosity. Thank you!

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APPENDIX 1: Samples of extracted DNA.

Voucher EDNA no. Taxon Source Locality Material type ITS ndhF trnL-F number

EDNA11-0021787 A. socotranus E EBS133 Socotra Silica gel dried    EDNA11-0021788 A. orientalis Al Issaey and Knees IK1 South Oman Silica gel dried    EDNA11-0021789 A. orientalis Al Issaey and Knees IK2 South Oman Silica gel dried    EDNA11-0021790 A. orientalis Al Issaey and Knees IK3 South Oman Silica gel dried    EDNA11-0021791 A. orientalis Knees, Miller and Patzelt KMP1 North Oman Silica gel dried    EDNA11-0021792 A. orientalis Al Issaey and Knees IK8 North Oman Silica gel dried    EDNA11-0021793 A. orientalis Al Issaey and Knees IK9 North Oman Silica gel dried    EDNA11-0021794 A. orientalis Al Issaey and Knees IK10 North Oman Silica gel dried    EDNA11-0021925 A. socotranus E M.8253A Socotra Herbarium    EDNA11-0021926 A. socotranus E M.8379 Socotra Herbarium   X EDNA11-0021927 A. socotranus E M.10375A Socotra Herbarium X X X EDNA11-0021928 A. socotranus E M. 8632 Socotra Herbarium  X X EDNA11-0021929 A. orientalis E E 3181 North Oman Herbarium    EDNA11-0021930 A. orientalis E M 9544 North Oman Herbarium    EDNA11-0021931 A. orientalis E 975 South Oman Herbarium  X X EDNA11-0021932 Acridocarpus E 2692 South Oman Herbarium  X X EDNA11-0021933 A. orientalis E 1525 South Oman Herbarium    EDNA11-0021934 A. orientalis E 1524 South Oman Herbarium  X X EDNA11-0021935 A. orientalis E 3342 North Oman Herbarium    EDNA11-0021937 A. orientalis E 291 North Oman Herbarium    EDNA11-0021938 A. orientalis E 6733/1 North Oman Herbarium    EDNA11-0021939 A. orientalis E 6587 North Oman Herbarium      

  

Voucher EDNA no. Taxon Source Locality Material type ITS ndhF trnL-F number

EDNA11-0021940 A. orientalis Knees, Miller & Patzelt 3 North Oman Silica gel dried    EDNA11-0021941 A. orientalis Al Issaey and Knees IK4 South Oman Silica gel dried    EDNA11-0021942 A. orientalis Al Issaey and Knees IK5 North Oman Silica gel dried    EDNA11-0021943 A. orientalis Al Issaey and Knees IK6 North Oman Silica gel dried    EDNA11-0021944 A. orientalis Al Issaey and Knees IK7 North Oman Silica gel dried    EDNA11-0021945 A. orientalis A.Patzelt 11 North Oman Silica gel dried   

APPENDIX 2: Taxa dataset accessions retrieved from Davis (Harvard, USA). Herbarium acronyms. Distribution: EAFR, eastern Africa; WAFR, western Africa; MAD, Madagascar; NC, New Caledonia; NW, New World; SEA Southeast Asia; NW, New World. Numbers in last three columns are GenBank accessions numbers (Davis, et al., 2002).

Species Distribution Voucher Nuclear region Chloroplast region ITS ndhF trnL-F Acridocarpus adenophorus Adr. Juss. MAD SMG339 AY137291 AY137243 AY137267 Acridocarpus alternifolius (Schumach. And Thonn.) Nied. WAFR C. Cav. Davis 99-16 (A) AY137292 AY137244 AY137268 Acridocarpus austrocaledonicus Baill. NC H. S. McKee 4079 (MO) AY137293 AY137245 AY137269 Acridocarpus ballyi Launert EAFR Luke and Robertson 2512 (MO) AY137294 AY137246 AY137270 Acridocarpus chevalieri Spargue WAFR C. Cav. Davis 99-15 (A) AY137295 AY137247 AY137271 Acridocarpus excelsus Adr. Juss. MAD P. J. Rakotomalaza et al. 378 (MO) AY137296 AY137248 AY137272 Acridocarpus longifolius (G. Don) Hook f. in Hook. WAFR C. Cav. Davis 99-01 (A) AY137298 AY137250 AY137274 Acridocarpus longifolius (G. Don) Hook f. in Hook. WAFR G. McPherson 17070 (MO) AY137297 AY137249 AY137273 Acridocarpus macrocalyx Engl. WAFR C. Cav. Davis 99-09 (A) AY137299 AF351017 AF350951 Acridocarpus macrocalyx Engl. WAFR C. Cav. Davis 99-12 (A) AY137305 AY137257 AY137281 Acridocarpus macrocalyx Engl. WAFR C. Cav. Davis 99-17 (A) AY137300 AY137252 AY137276 Acridocarpus natalitius Adr. Juss. EAFR P. Goldblatt s.n. (PRE) AY137302 AF351016 AF350950 Acridocarpus orientalis Adr. Juss. EAFR G. Popov 85 (MO) AY137303 AY137255 AY137279 Acridocarpus plagiopterus Guill. And Perr. In Guill. et al. WAFR C. Cav. Davis 99-22 (A) AY137301 AY137253 AY137277 Acridocarpus plagiopterus Guill. And Perr. in Guill. et al. WAFR H. H. Schmidt et al. 1774 (MO) AY137304 AY137256 AY137280 Acridocarpus smeathmannii (DC.) Guill. and Perr. in Guill. et al. WAFR AK990209/1/01 (MO) AY137307 AY137259 AY137283 Acridocarpus smeathmannii (DC.) Guill. and Perr. in Guill. et al. WAFR C. Cav. Davis 99-04 (A) AY137308 AY137260 AY137284 Acridocarpus smeathmannii (DC.) Guill. and Perr. in Guill. et al. WAFR C. Cav. Davis 99-13 (A) AY137309 AY137261 AY137285 Acridocarpus smeathmannii (DC.) Guill. and Perr. in Guill. et al. WAFR C. Cav. Davis 99-14 (A) AY137310 AY137262 AY137286 Acridocarpus smeathmannii (DC.) Guill. and Perr. in Guill. et al. WAFR H. H. Schmidt et al. 1657 (MO) AY137306 AY137258 AY137282 Acridocarpus staudii (Engl.) Hutch. And Dalziel WAFR C. Cav. Davis 99-07 (A) AY137311 AY137263 AY137287 Acridocarpus zanzibaricus Adr. Juss EAFR C. Cav. Davis 99-23 (A) AY137312 AY137264 AY137288 Barnebya dispar (Griseb. In Mart.) W. R. Anderson and B. Gates NW Leoni 1473 (MICH) AY137314 AF351073 AF351006 Brachylophon curtisii Oliv. SEA Middleton et al. 387 (A) AY137313 AF351018 AF350952

APPENDIX 3: trnL-F aligned data matrix trnL-F data set of Acridocarpus (number of taxa = 46, number of characters = 976), where missing data = ?, Gaps = -.

000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000 000000000111111111122222222223 333333333444444444455555555556 666666667777777777788888888889 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 Brachylophon_curtisii GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCTTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA Barnebya_dispar GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATTCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACaaaGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAGGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_adenophorus GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTgAgCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAaAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGgATAggTgCAGAGA A_alternifolius GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_austrocaledonicus GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_ballyi GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_chevalieri GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTgagcCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGtTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_excelsus GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_longifolius_25 GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_longifolius_160 GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_macrocalyx_166 GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_macrocalyx_172c GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_macrocalyx_167 GAATTAAAAAGGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACATAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_plagiopterus_176 GAATTAAAAAtGGGCAAGCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_plagiopterus_6 GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACATAAAAAAGGGATAGGtGCAgagA A_natalitius GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGgTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_smeathmannii_1 GAATTCAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_smeathmannii_75d GAACTCAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_smeathmannii_161 GAATTCAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_smeathmannii_168b GAATTCAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_smeathmannii_169 GAATTCAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_staudtii GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAaGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_zanzibaricus GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_socotranus_21787 GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_socotranus_21925 GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA Acrdiocarpus_orientalis GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_orientalis_21788 GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_orientalis_21789 GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_orientalis_21790 GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_orientalis_21933 GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_orientalis_21934 GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_orientalis_21941 GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_orientalis_21791 GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_orientalis_21792 GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_orientalis_21793 GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_orientalis_21794 GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_orientalis_21929 GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_orientalis_21930 GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_orientalis_21937 GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_orientalis_21938 GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_orientalis_21939 GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_orientalis_21940 GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_orientalis_21942 GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_orientalis_21943 GAATTAAAAATGGGCAatCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAgACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_orientalis_21944 GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA A_orientalis_21945 GAATTAAAAATGGGCAATCCTGAGCCAAAT CCTGTTTTCAAAAAACAAACAAAGGTTCAT AAAGACAGAAAAAAGGGATAGGTGCAGAGA

000000000111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111 999999999000000000011111111112 222222222333333333344444444445 555555555666666666777777777778 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 Brachylophon_curtisii CTCAACGGAAGTTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT Barnebya_dispar CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGGGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_adenophorus CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTACCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_alternifolius CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGCAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGAAT A_austrocaledonicus CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_ballyi CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_chevalieri CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGAAT A_excelsus CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_longifolius_25 CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATCTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_longifolius_160 CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATCTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_macrocalyx_166 CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_macrocalyx_172c CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_macrocalyx_167 CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_plagiopterus_176 CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_plagiopterus_6 CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_natalitius CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTcTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_smeathmannii_1 CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGGT A_smeathmannii_75d CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGGT A_smeathmannii_161 CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGGT A_smeathmannii_168b CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGGT A_smeathmannii_169 CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGGT A_staudtii CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_zanzibaricus CTCAaCGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_socotranus_21787 CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_socotranus_21925 CTCAACGGAAGCTGT-CTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT Acrdiocarpus_orientalis CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_orientalis_21788 CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_orientalis_21789 CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_orientalis_21790 CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_orientalis_21933 CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_orientalis_21934 CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_orientalis_21941 CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_orientalis_21791 CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_orientalis_21792 CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_orientalis_21793 CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_orientalis_21794 CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_orientalis_21929 CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_orientalis_21930 CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_orientalis_21937 CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_orientalis_21938 CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_orientalis_21939 CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_orientalis_21940 CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_orientalis_21942 CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_orientalis_21943 CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_orientalis_21944 CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT A_orientalis_21945 CTCAACGGAAGCTGTTCTAACAAATGGAGT TGACTGCCTTTCATTAGGAAAGGAATCTTT TCGTTAAAATTTCAGATTCAGATAAGGGAT

111111111111111111122222222222 222222222222222222222222222222 222222222222222222222222222222 888888888999999999900000000001 111111111222222222233333333334 444444444555555555566666666677 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 Brachylophon_curtisii AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAA------TGACTAATGAA ATGACAACCCCGAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT Barnebya_dispar AGCCCCATATACATATGTA------CTAAA ATACTATATCAAA------TGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCT-GAATCTCTATTAATTTCAT A_adenophorus AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAA------TGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_alternifolius AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAA------TGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCCCTATTTATTTCAT A_austrocaledonicus AGCCTCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAA------TGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_ballyi AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAA------TGAATAATGAA ACGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_chevalieri AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAA------TGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCCCTATTTATTTCAT A_excelsus AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAA------TGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_longifolius_25 AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA CTACTATATCAAA------TGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_longifolius_160 AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA CTACTATATCAAA------TGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_macrocalyx_166 AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAA------TGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_macrocalyx_172c AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAA------TGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_macrocalyx_167 AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAA------TGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_plagiopterus_176 AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAA------TGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCACTATTTATTTCAT A_plagiopterus_6 AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAA------TGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_natalitius AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAA------TGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_smeathmannii_1 AGCCCCATATACATATGTATCTGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAA------TGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_smeathmannii_75d AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAA------TGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_smeathmannii_161 AGCCCCATATACATATGTATCTGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAA------TGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_smeathmannii_168b AGCCCCATATACATATGTATCTGTaCTAAA ATACTATATCAAA------TGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_smeathmannii_169 AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAA------TGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_staudtii AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAA------TGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_zanzibaricus AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAA------TGAATAATGAA ACGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_socotranus_21787 AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAAATCAAATGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_socotranus_21925 AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAAATCAAATGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT Acrdiocarpus_orientalis AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAAATCAAATGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_orientalis_21788 AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAAATCAAATGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_orientalis_21789 AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAAATCAAATGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_orientalis_21790 AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAAATCAAATGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_orientalis_21933 AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAAATCAAATGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_orientalis_21934 AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAAATCAAATGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_orientalis_21941 AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAAATCAAATGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_orientalis_21791 AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAAATCAAATGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_orientalis_21792 AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAAATCAAATGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_orientalis_21793 AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAAATCAAATGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_orientalis_21794 AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAAATCAAATGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_orientalis_21929 AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAAATCAAATGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_orientalis_21930 AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAAATCAAATGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_orientalis_21937 AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAAATCAAATGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_orientalis_21938 AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAAATCAAATGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_orientalis_21939 AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAAATCAAATGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_orientalis_21940 AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAAATCAAATGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_orientalis_21942 AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAAATCAAATGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_orientalis_21943 AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAAATCAAATGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_orientalis_21944 AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAAATCAAATGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT A_orientalis_21945 AGCCCCATATACATATGTATATGTACTAAA ATACTATATCAAAATCAAATGACTAATGAA ATGACGACCC-GAATCTCTATTTATTTCAT

222222222222222222222222222223 333333333333333333333333333333 333333333333333333333333333333 777777777888888888899999999990 000000000111111111122222222223 333333333444444444455555555556 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 Brachylophon_curtisii TTTTTTTTTTTTGAATAGAAAAAAAA------GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA Barnebya_dispar TTTTTTTTTT--GAATAGAAAAAA------GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGGTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_adenophorus TTTTTTT-----CTATTCAAAAAAAAAAAA A--GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_alternifolius TTTTTTT-----CTATTCAAAAAAAAAAA- ---GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_austrocaledonicus TTTTTTT-----CTATTCAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAGGTTGCTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_ballyi TTTTTTTTT---CTATTCAAAAAAAAAAAA A--GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_chevalieri TTTTTTT-----CTATTCAAAAAAAAAAA- ---GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_excelsus TTTTTTTTTC--CTATTCAAAAAAAAAAAA A--GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_longifolius_25 TTTTTTT-----CTATTCAAAAAAAAA------GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAACATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_longifolius_160 TTTTTTT-----CTATTCAAAAAAAAA------GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAACATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_macrocalyx_166 TTTTTTTT----CTATTCAAAAAAAAAA-- ---GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_macrocalyx_172c TTTTTTTT----CTATTCAAAAAAAAA------GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_macrocalyx_167 TTTTTTTTTTT-CTATTCAAAAAAAAAA-- ---GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_plagiopterus_176 TTTTTTTT----CTATTCAAAAAAAAAAA- ---GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_plagiopterus_6 TTTTTTTT----CTATTCAAAAAAAAAAA- ---GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_natalitius TTTTTTT-----CTATTCAAAAAAAAAA-- ---GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_smeathmannii_1 TTTTTTTT----CTATTCAAAAAAAAA------GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_smeathmannii_75d TTTTTTTTT---CTATTCAAAAAAAAA------GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_smeathmannii_161 TTTTTTTT----CTATTCAAAAAAAAA------GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_smeathmannii_168b TTTTTTTT----cTATTCAAAAAAAAA------GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_smeathmannii_169 TTTTTTTTT---CTATTCAAAAAAAAAAA- ---GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_staudtii TTTTTTTT----CTATTCAAAAAAAAAA-- ---GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_zanzibaricus TTTTTTTTT---CTATTCAAAAAAAAAAAA A--GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_socotranus_21787 TTTTTTT-----CTATTCAAAAAAAA------GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_socotranus_21925 TTTTTTT-----CTATTCAAAAAAAA------GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA Acrdiocarpus_orientalis TTTTTTT-----CTATTCAAAAAAAAAAA- ---GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_orientalis_21788 TTTTTTT-----CTATTCAAAAAAAAAAAA ---GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_orientalis_21789 TTTTTTT-----CTATTCAAAAAAAAAAAA ---GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_orientalis_21790 TTTTTTT-----CTATTCAAAAAAAAAAAA ---GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_orientalis_21933 TTTTTTT-----CTATTCAAAAAAAAAAAA ---GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_orientalis_21934 TTTTTTT-----CTATTCAAAAAAAAAAA- ---GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_orientalis_21941 TTTTTTT-----CTATTCAAAAAAAAAAAA ---GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_orientalis_21791 TTTTTTT-----CTATTCAAAAAAAAAAAA ---GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_orientalis_21792 TTTTTTT-----CTATTCAAAAAAAAAAAA ---GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_orientalis_21793 TTTTTTT-----CTATTCAAAAAAAAAAAA ---GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_orientalis_21794 TTTTTTT-----CTATTCAAAAAAAAAAAA ---GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_orientalis_21929 TTTTTTT-----CTATTCAAAAAAAAAAA- ---GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_orientalis_21930 TTTTTTT-----CTATTCAAAAAAAAAAA- ---GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_orientalis_21937 TTTTTTT-----CTATTCAAAAAAAAAAA- ---GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_orientalis_21938 TTTTTTT-----CTATTCAAAAAAAAAAA- ---GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_orientalis_21939 TTTTTTT-----CTATTCAAAAAAAAAAA- ---GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_orientalis_21940 TTTTTTT-----CTATTCAAAAAAAAAAA- ---GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_orientalis_21942 TTTTTTT-----CTATTCAAAAAAAAAAA- ---GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_orientalis_21943 TTTTTTT-----CTATTCAAAAAAAAAAA- ---GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_orientalis_21944 TTTTTTT-----CTATTCAAAAAAAAAAA- ---GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA A_orientalis_21945 TTTTTTT-----CTATTCAAAAAAAAAAA- ---GGTTGTTTTGAATCGATTCCAAGTTGA AGAAAAGATTGAATATTAATTCTTGATCAA

333333333333333333333333333333 333333333444444444444444444444 444444444444444444444444444444 666666667777777777788888888889 999999999000000000011111111112 222222222333333333344444444445 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 Brachylophon_curtisii AACACTCACTCCATAATCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG Barnebya_dispar AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_adenophorus AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_alternifolius AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTT CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_austrocaledonicus AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_ballyi AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACT GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_chevalieri AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTT CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_excelsus AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_longifolius_25 AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_longifolius_160 AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_macrocalyx_166 AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_macrocalyx_172c AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_macrocalyx_167 AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_plagiopterus_176 AaCATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_plagiopterus_6 AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_natalitius AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACT GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_smeathmannii_1 AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGT A_smeathmannii_75d AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGT A_smeathmannii_161 AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGT A_smeathmannii_168b AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGT A_smeathmannii_169 AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGT A_staudtii AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_zanzibaricus AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACT GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_socotranus_21787 AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_socotranus_21925 AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG Acrdiocarpus_orientalis AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_orientalis_21788 AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_orientalis_21789 AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_orientalis_21790 AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_orientalis_21933 AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_orientalis_21934 AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_orientalis_21941 AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_orientalis_21791 AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_orientalis_21792 AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_orientalis_21793 AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_orientalis_21794 AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_orientalis_21929 AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_orientalis_21930 AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_orientalis_21937 AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_orientalis_21938 AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_orientalis_21939 AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_orientalis_21940 AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_orientalis_21942 AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_orientalis_21943 AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTATTCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_orientalis_21944 AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG A_orientalis_21945 AACATTCACTCCATAGTCTGATAGATAACC GATTAATCAGACGAGAATAAAGATAGAGTC CCCTTCCACATGTCAATATCGACAACAAGG

444444444444444444444444444444 444444444444444444455555555555 555555555555555555555555555555 555555555666666666777777777778 888888888999999999900000000001 111111111222222222233333333334 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 Brachylophon_curtisii AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGATCCGTTTGACTTCCAA Barnebya_dispar AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTCCAA A_adenophorus AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_alternifolius AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_austrocaledonicus AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_ballyi AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_chevalieri AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_excelsus AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_longifolius_25 AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_longifolius_160 AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_macrocalyx_166 AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_macrocalyx_172c AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_macrocalyx_167 AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_plagiopterus_176 AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_plagiopterus_6 AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_natalitius AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAATCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_smeathmannii_1 AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_smeathmannii_75d CAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_smeathmannii_161 AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_smeathmannii_168b AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGaC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_smeathmannii_169 AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_staudtii AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGaC ttTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAa A_zanzibaricus AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_socotranus_21787 AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_socotranus_21925 AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA Acrdiocarpus_orientalis AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_orientalis_21788 AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_orientalis_21789 AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_orientalis_21790 AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_orientalis_21933 AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_orientalis_21934 AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_orientalis_21941 AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_orientalis_21791 AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_orientalis_21792 AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_orientalis_21793 AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_orientalis_21794 AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_orientalis_21929 AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_orientalis_21930 AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_orientalis_21937 AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_orientalis_21938 AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_orientalis_21939 AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_orientalis_21940 AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_orientalis_21942 AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_orientalis_21943 AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_orientalis_21944 AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA A_orientalis_21945 AAATTTAGAGTAATAGGAAAATCCGTCGAC TTTAGAAATCGTGAGGGTTCAAGTCCCTCT ATCCCCAAAAAAGACCCGTTTGACTTTCAA

555555555555555555555555555555 555555555555555555555555555556 666666666666666666666666666666 444444444555555555566666666677 777777777888888888899999999990 000000000111111111122222222223 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 Brachylophon_curtisii ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCCAAGGGTAA Barnebya_dispar ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTACAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCCAAGGGTAA A_adenophorus ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTCCAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCCAAGGGTAA A_alternifolius ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCTAAGGGCAA A_austrocaledonicus ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCCAAGGGTAA A_ballyi ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTCCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCTAAGGGTAA A_chevalieri ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCTAAGGGCAA A_excelsus ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCGCTCCCAAGGGTAA A_longifolius_25 ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCTAAGGGTAA A_longifolius_160 ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCTAAGGGTAA A_macrocalyx_166 ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCCAAGGGTAA A_macrocalyx_172c ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCCAAGGGTAA A_macrocalyx_167 ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCCAAGGGTAA A_plagiopterus_176 ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCCAAGGGTAA A_plagiopterus_6 ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCCAAGGGTAA A_natalitius ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCTAAGGGTAA A_smeathmannii_1 ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCCAAGGGTAA A_smeathmannii_75d ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCCAAGGGTAA A_smeathmannii_161 ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCCAAGGGTAA A_smeathmannii_168b ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCCAAGGGTAA A_smeathmannii_169 ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCCAAGGGTAA A_staudtii ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCCAAGGGTAA A_zanzibaricus ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCTAAGGGTAA A_socotranus_21787 ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCATTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCTAAGGGTAA A_socotranus_21925 ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCATTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCTAAGGGTAA Acrdiocarpus_orientalis ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCTAAGGGTAA A_orientalis_21788 ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCTAAGGGTAA A_orientalis_21789 ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCTAAGGGTAA A_orientalis_21790 ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCTAAGGGTAA A_orientalis_21933 ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCTAAGGGTAA A_orientalis_21934 ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCTAAGGGTAA A_orientalis_21941 ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCTAAGGGTAA A_orientalis_21791 ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCTAAGGGTAA A_orientalis_21792 ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCTAAGGGTAA A_orientalis_21793 ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCTAAGGGTAA A_orientalis_21794 ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCTAAGGGTAA A_orientalis_21929 ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCTAAGGGTAA A_orientalis_21930 ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCTAAGGGTAA A_orientalis_21937 ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCTAAGGGTAA A_orientalis_21938 ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCTAAGGGTAA A_orientalis_21939 ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCTAAGGGTAA A_orientalis_21940 ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCTAAGGGTAA A_orientalis_21942 ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCTAAGGGTAA A_orientalis_21943 ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCTAAGGGTAA A_orientalis_21944 ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCTAAGGGTAA A_orientalis_21945 ATTATTTATCCTATTCTCTTTTTTCGTTAA CGGTACAAAATTCCAAAATTCGTTATCTTT CTCATTCATTTGATCCTCTCCTAAGGGTAA

666666666666666666666666666666 666666666666666666666666666666 666666666777777777777777777777 333333333444444444455555555556 666666667777777777788888888889 999999999000000000011111111112 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 Brachylophon_curtisii GCGGGCTGAATTTCTTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC Barnebya_dispar GCGGGCTGAATTTCTTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_adenophorus GCGGGCTGAATTTCTTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_alternifolius GCGGGCTGAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCTCCC A_austrocaledonicus GCGGGCTGAATTTCTTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_ballyi GCGGACTAAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_chevalieri GCGGGCTGAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCTCCC A_excelsus GCGGGCTGAATTTCTTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_longifolius_25 GCGGGCTGAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_longifolius_160 GCGGGCTGAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_macrocalyx_166 GCGGGCTGAATTTCTTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_macrocalyx_172c GCGGGCTGAATTTCTTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_macrocalyx_167 GCGGGCTGAATTTCTTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCT A_plagiopterus_176 GCGGGCTGAATTTCTTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_plagiopterus_6 GCGGGCTGAATTTCTTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_natalitius GCGGACTGAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_smeathmannii_1 GCGGGTTGAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_smeathmannii_75d GCGGGTTGAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_smeathmannii_161 GCGGGTTGAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_smeathmannii_168b GCGGGTTGAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_smeathmannii_169 GCGGGTTGAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_staudtii GCGGGCTGAATTTCTTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_zanzibaricus GCGGACTAAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_socotranus_21787 GCGGACTGAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_socotranus_21925 GCGGACTGAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC Acrdiocarpus_orientalis GCGGACTGAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_orientalis_21788 GCGGACTGAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_orientalis_21789 GCGGACTGAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_orientalis_21790 GCGGACTGAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_orientalis_21933 GCGGACTGAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_orientalis_21934 GCGGACTGAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_orientalis_21941 GCGGACTGAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_orientalis_21791 GCGGACTGAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_orientalis_21792 GCGGACTGAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_orientalis_21793 GCGGACTGAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_orientalis_21794 GCGGACTGAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_orientalis_21929 GCGGACTGAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_orientalis_21930 GCGGACTGAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_orientalis_21937 GCGGACTGAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_orientalis_21938 GCGGACTGAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_orientalis_21939 GCGGACTGAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_orientalis_21940 GCGGACTGAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_orientalis_21942 GCGGACTGAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_orientalis_21943 GCGGACTGAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_orientalis_21944 GCGGACTGAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC A_orientalis_21945 GCGGACTGAATTTCCTTCCTCTTCACAAGT CTTGTGATAGATATGATATACATACAAATG TATATCTTTGAGCAAAACAAAGAATCCCCC

777777777777777777777777777777 777777777777777777777777777777 777777777777777777788888888888 222222222333333333344444444445 555555555666666666777777777778 888888888999999999900000000001 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 Brachylophon_curtisii TT------GAAAATTGAAATGATTAAC AATCG------AAATTATTATTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTTATCTTTTTATTTTCAT Barnebya_dispar TTGAAAATTGAGAAAATTGAAATGATTAAC AATCCAAAATCCAAATTATTACTCGGACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTT--- A_adenophorus TT------GAAAATTGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_alternifolius TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTT--- A_austrocaledonicus TT------GAAAATTGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_ballyi TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_chevalieri TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTT--- A_excelsus TT------GAAAATTGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_longifolius_25 TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_longifolius_160 TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_macrocalyx_166 TT------GAAAATTGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_macrocalyx_172c TT------GAAAATTGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_macrocalyx_167 TT------GAAAATTGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_plagiopterus_176 TT------GAAAATTGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_plagiopterus_6 TT------GAAAATTGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_natalitius TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_smeathmannii_1 TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_smeathmannii_75d TT------GAAAGTCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_smeathmannii_161 TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_smeathmannii_168b TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_smeathmannii_169 TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_staudtii TT------GAAAATTGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_zanzibaricus TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_socotranus_21787 TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_socotranus_21925 TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT Acrdiocarpus_orientalis TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTTTTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_orientalis_21788 TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_orientalis_21789 TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_orientalis_21790 TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_orientalis_21933 TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_orientalis_21934 TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_orientalis_21941 TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_orientalis_21791 TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_orientalis_21792 TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_orientalis_21793 TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_orientalis_21794 TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_orientalis_21929 TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_orientalis_21930 TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_orientalis_21937 TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_orientalis_21938 TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_orientalis_21939 TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_orientalis_21940 TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_orientalis_21942 TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_orientalis_21943 TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_orientalis_21944 TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT A_orientalis_21945 TT------GAAAATCGAAATGATTAAC AATCC------AAATTATTACTCGAACTG AAACTCACAAAGTCATCTTTTTATTTTCAT

888888888888888888888888888888 888888888888888888888888888888 888888888888888888888888888889 111111111222222222233333333334 444444444555555555566666666677 777777777888888888899999999990 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 Brachylophon_curtisii CTTTTTATTTT------AAAAA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTTTCGTCTTGTTTTTAA Barnebya_dispar ------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTGGCTAAGGCT TTagAATATTTTTG--CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_adenophorus CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_alternifolius ------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_austrocaledonicus -TTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_ballyi CTTTTTATTTT------CAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_chevalieri ------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_excelsus CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_longifolius_25 CTTTTTATTTT------TTTATTTTAAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_longifolius_160 CTTTTTATTTT------TTTATTTTAAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_macrocalyx_166 CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGG------CTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_macrocalyx_172c CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGG------CTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_macrocalyx_167 CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAATATTCCAGG------CTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_plagiopterus_176 CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGG------CTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_plagiopterus_6 CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGG------CTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_natalitius CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_smeathmannii_1 CTTTTTATTTTCATCTTTTTATTTTAAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_smeathmannii_75d CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_smeathmannii_161 CTTTTTATTTTCATCTTTTTATTTTAAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_smeathmannii_168b CTTTTTATTTTCATCTTTTTATTTTAAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_smeathmannii_169 CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_staudtii CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGG------CTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_zanzibaricus CTTTTTATTTT------CAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_socotranus_21787 CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_socotranus_21925 CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA Acrdiocarpus_orientalis CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_orientalis_21788 CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_orientalis_21789 CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_orientalis_21790 CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_orientalis_21933 CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_orientalis_21934 CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_orientalis_21941 CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_orientalis_21791 CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_orientalis_21792 CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_orientalis_21793 CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_orientalis_21794 CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_orientalis_21929 CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_orientalis_21930 CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_orientalis_21937 CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_orientalis_21938 CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_orientalis_21939 CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_orientalis_21940 CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_orientalis_21942 CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_orientalis_21943 CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_orientalis_21944 CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA A_orientalis_21945 CTTTTTATTTT------AAAGA TAGAAAACATTCCAGGCCCTTGCTAAGGCT TTAGCATATTTTTTT-CGTCTTGTTTTTAA

999999999999999999999999999999 999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999 000000000111111111122222222223 333333333444444444455555555556 6666666677777777 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 1234567890123456 Brachylophon_curtisii TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAA-GG TCGGGATAG-TCAGCT Barnebya_dispar TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTATTAAAAT AAACAAGACAGC-----acgtcggaaatgg tcgggatagctcagct A_adenophorus TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAAC-----ACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGATAGCTCAGCT A_alternifolius TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGATAGCTCAGCT A_austrocaledonicus TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGATAGCTCAGCT A_ballyi TTGACAGAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGATAGCTCAGCT A_chevalieri TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGATAGCTCAGCT A_excelsus TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAGTGG TCGGGATAGCTCAGCT A_longifolius_25 TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGATAGCTCAGCT A_longifolius_160 TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGATAGCTCAGCT A_macrocalyx_166 TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGATAGCTCAGCt A_macrocalyx_172c TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGATAGCTCAGCT A_macrocalyx_167 TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGATAGCTCAGCT A_plagiopterus_176 TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGCACAGCACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGATAGCTCATCT A_plagiopterus_6 TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGCACAGCACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGATAGCTCAGCT A_natalitius TTGACAGAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGATAGCTCAGCT A_smeathmannii_1 TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGTAAATGG TCGGGATAGCTCAGCT A_smeathmannii_75d TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGTAAATGG TCGGGATAGCTCAGCT A_smeathmannii_161 TAAACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGTAAATGG TCGGGATAGCTCAGCT A_smeathmannii_168b TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGTAAATGG TCGGGATAGCTCAGCT A_smeathmannii_169 TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGTAAATGG TCGGGATAGCTCagct A_staudtii TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----aCGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGATAGCTCAGCT A_zanzibaricus TTGACAGAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGATAGCTCagCT A_socotranus_21787 TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAAACAGC-----ACGTCG-AAATGG TCGG------A_socotranus_21925 TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAAACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGA------Acrdiocarpus_orientalis TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGATAGCTCAGCT A_orientalis_21788 TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGA------A_orientalis_21789 TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGA------A_orientalis_21790 TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGA------A_orientalis_21933 TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGG------A_orientalis_21934 TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGA------A_orientalis_21941 TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGA-AGCTCAGC- A_orientalis_21791 TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGA------A_orientalis_21792 TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGA------A_orientalis_21793 TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGA------A_orientalis_21794 TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGA------A_orientalis_21929 TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGA-AGCTCAGCG A_orientalis_21930 TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGATAGCTCCG-- A_orientalis_21937 TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGA-AGCTCCCGC A_orientalis_21938 TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGA------A_orientalis_21939 TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGA------A_orientalis_21940 TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGA-AGCTCAGC- A_orientalis_21942 TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGA-AGCTCAGC- A_orientalis_21943 TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCCGAAATGG TCGG------A_orientalis_21944 TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGA-AGCTC-GC- A_orientalis_21945 TTGACATAGACCCCAGCCATTTAGTAAAAT GAAGAAGACAGC-----ACGTCGGAAATGG TCGGGA-AGCTCAGC-

APPENDIX 4: ITS data matrix

ITS data set of Acridocarpus (number of taxa = 51, number of characters = 832), where missing data = ?, Gaps = -.

000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000 000000000111111111122222222223 333333333444444444455555555556 666666667777777777788888888889 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 Brachylophon_curtisii ------CGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAAAGC-TG-CCTAGCGGAATGACCCG Barnebya_dispar ------CGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GATGAAACC-TG-CCCAGCAGAACGACCCG A_adenophorus ------CGTAGGTGAACCCG-CGGAAGGATCATT GCCGAAGCC-TGTGCCCGCAGAACGGCCCG A_alternifolius ------CGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAAACCCTG-CCCCGCAGAACGACCCG A_austrocaledonicus ------CGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GCCGAAGCC-TGTGCCCGCAGAACTGCCCG A_ballyi ------CGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAAACCCCG-CCCCACAGAACGACCCG A_chevalieri ------CGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAAACCGTG-CCCCGCAGAACGACCCG A_excelsus ------CGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GCCGAAGCC-TGTGCCCGCAGAACGGCCCG A_longifolius_25 ------CGTAGGTGAACCTGGCGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAAACCCTG-CCCCGCAGAACGACCCG A_longifolius_160 ------CGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAAACCCTG-CCCCGCAGAACGACCCG A_macrocalyx_166 ------CGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGGAAC--TGGCCCCACTGAACGACCCG A_macrocalyx_172c ------CGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGGAAC--TGGCCCCACAGAACGACCCG A_macrocalyx_167 ------CGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGGAAC--TGGCCCCACAGAACGACCCG A_plagiopterus_176 ------CGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGGAAC--TGGCCCCACGGAACGACCGG A_plagiopterus_6 ------CGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGGAAC--TGGCCCCACGGAACGACCCG A_natalitius ------CGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAAACCCTG-CCCCACAGAACGACCCG A_smeathmannii_1 ------CGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAGACCCTG-CCCGACAGAACGACCCG A_smeathmannii_75d ------CGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAGACCCTG-CCCGACAGAACGACCCG A_smeathmannii_161 ------CGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAGACCCTG-CCCGACAGAACGACCCG A_smeathmannii_168b ------CGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAGACCCTG-CCCGACAGAACGACCCG A_smeathmannii_169 ------CGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAGACCCTG-CCCGACAGAACGACCCG A_staudtii ------CGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGGAAC--TGGCCCCACAGAACGACCCG A_zanzibaricus ------CGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAAACCCCG-CCCCACAGAACGACCCG A_socotranus_21787 ------CGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GCCGAAACCCTG-CCCCGCAGAACGACCCG A_socotranus_21925 --TAGAGGAAGGAGAAGTCGTAACAAGGTT TCCGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GCCGAAACCCTG-CCCCGCAGAACGACCCG A_socotranus_21926 ---AGAGGAAGGAGAAGTCGTAACAAGGTT TCCGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GCCGAAACCCTG-CCCCGCAGAACGACCCG A_socotranus_21928 --TAGAGGAAGGAGAAGTCGTAACAAGGTT TCCGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GCCGAAACCCTG-CCCCGCAGAACGACCCG Acrdiocarpus_orientalis ------CGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGGAGGATCATT GTCGAAACCCTA-CCCCACAGAACGACCAG A_orientalis_21788 ---AGAGGAAGGAGAAGTCGTAACAAGGTT TCCGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAAACCCTA-CCCCACAGAACGACCAG A_orientalis_21789 --TAGAGGAAGGAGAAGTCGTAACAAGGTT TCCGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAAACCCTA-CCCCACAGAACGACCAG A_orientalis_21790 ------TGTAACAAGGTT TCCGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAAACCCTA-CCCCACAGAACGACCAG A_orientalis_21931 TTTAGAGGAAGGAGAAGTCGTAACAAGGTT TCCGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAAACCCTA-CCCCACAGAACGACCAG A_orientalis_21932 TTTAGAGGAAGGAGAAGTCGTAACAAGGTT TCCGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAAACCCTA-CCCCACAGAACGACCAG A_orientalis_21933 ------A-AA-TA-TAAC--GGTT TCCGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAAACCCTA-CCCCACAGAACGACCAG A_orientalis_21934 ------AAGGAGAAGTCGTAACACGGTT TCCGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAAACCCTA-CCCCACAGAACGACCAG A_orientalis_21941 ------AGGAGAAGTCGTAACAAGGTT TCCGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAAACCCTA-CCCCACAGAACGACCAG A_orientalis_21791 ------CAAGGTT TCCGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAAACCCTA-CCCCACAGAACGACCAG A_orientalis_21792 ---AGAGGAAGGAGAAGTCGTAACAAGGTT TCCGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAAACCCTA-CCCCACAGAACGACCAG A_orientalis_21793 -TTAGAGGAAGGAGAAGTCGTAACAAGGTT TCCGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAAACCCTA-CCCCACAGAACGACCAG A_orientalis_21794 TTTAGAGGAAGGAGAAGTCGTAACAAGGTT TCCGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAAACCCTA-CCCCACAGAACGACCAG A_orientalis_21929 --TAGAGGAAGGAGAAGTCGTAACAAGGTT TCCGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAAACCCTA-CCCCACAGAACGACCAG A_orientalis_21930 TTTAGAGGAAGGAGAAGTCGTAACAAGGTT TCCGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAAACCCTA-CCCCACAGAACGACCAG A_orientalis_21935 --TAGAGGAAGGAGAAGTCGTAACAAGGTT TCCGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAAACCCTA-CCCCACAGAACGACCAG A_orientalis_21937 --TAGAGGAAGGAGAAGTCGTAACAAGGTT TCCGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAAACCCTA-CCCCACAGAACGACCAG A_orientalis_21938 -TTAGAGGAAGGAGAAGTCGTAACAAGGTT TCCGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAAACCCTA-CCCCACAGAACGACCAG A_orientalis_21939 --TAGAGGAAGGAGAAGTCGTAACAAGGTT TCCGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAAACCCTA-CCCCACAGAACGACCAG A_orientalis_21940 -TTAGAGGAAGGAGAAGTCGTAACAAGGTT TCCGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAAACCCTA-CCCCACAGAACGACCAG A_orientalis_21942 -TTAGAGGAAGGAGAAGTCGTAACAAGGTT TCCGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAAACCCTA-CCCCACAGAACGACCAG A_orientalis_21943 TTTAGAGGAAGGAGAAGTCGTAACAAGGTT TCCGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAAACCCTA-CCCCACAGAACGACCAG A_orientalis_21944 TTTAGAGGAAGGAGAAGTCGTAACAAGGTT TCCGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAAACCCTA-CCCCACAGAACGACCAG A_orientalis_21945 ------GAGAAGTCGTAACAAGGTT TCCGTAGGTGAACCTG-CGGAAGGATCATT GTCGAAACCCTA-CCCCACAGAACGACCAG

000000000111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111 999999999000000000011111111112 222222222333333333344444444445 555555555666666666777777777778 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 Brachylophon_curtisii TGGATTGTTGTCGAAGCACGCCGGGTGG-T GCGTTGGGCGAT-GCCCC-TCCTCACCT-C TCGGCG-CTCCCT---CCC--GGGAGG-C- Barnebya_dispar TGAATCGTTGTCAAAGCGCGCCGAGGGG-T GCGTCGGGCGAT-GCCCG-CGCCCGCCC-C TCGGTG-CTCC-TGATA-----GGT----- A_adenophorus CGGATCGTCGCGACAGCACGTCGGGTGG-T GCGCCGGGCGAC-GCCCC-GTG-CGC-AGC TA--CC-GTC--TGTTCCCGGGGGGGGGGG A_alternifolius TGGATCGTCGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGCGG-C GCGAGGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TCCACGCCT-C TCGGCCA-TCCC------GGGGGTG---- A_austrocaledonicus CGGATCGTGGTGACAGCACGTCGGGGGGGT GCGCCGGGCGACCGCCC--CGAGCACCT------CCC------GGGGGT----- A_ballyi CGGATCGTCGTCTCGGCAGGTCGGGTGG-T GAGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TCTTCCCCT-C TCGGCC-GTCCC------GGGGGT----- A_chevalieri TGGATCGTAGTCACAGCAGGCCGGGCGA-C GGGAGGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TCTTCGCCT-C TCGGCC-GTCCC------GGGGGT----- A_excelsus CGGATCGTCGTGACAGCGCGTCGGGCGG-T GCGCCGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TGCGCACCT-C CCGGCT-CTCCCCC-----GGGGGT----- A_longifolius_25 CGGATCGTTGTCCCAACAGGTCGGGGGG-T GCGTGGGGTGAT-GCCCC-TCTTCGCCT-C TCGGCT-GTCCC------GGGGGGG---- A_longifolius_160 CGGATCGTTGTCCCAACAGGTCGGGGGG-T GCGTGGGGTGAT-GCCCC-TCTTCGCCT-C TCGGCT-GTCCC------GGGGGGG---- A_macrocalyx_166 CGAATCGTCGTCACAGCAGGCCGAGTGG-T GCGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCT-TCCGCGCCT-C TCGGCA---CCCC-A----GGGGGCG---- A_macrocalyx_172c CGAATCGTCGTCACAGCAGGCCGAGTGG-T GCGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCT-TCCGCGCCT-C TCGGCA---CCCC-A----GGGGGCG---- A_macrocalyx_167 CGAATCGTCGTCACAGCAGGCCGAGTGG-T GCGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCT-TCCGCGCCT-C TCGGCA---CCCC-A----GGGGGCG---- A_plagiopterus_176 CGGATCGTCGTCACAGTAGCCCGAGTGG-T GAGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCT-TCCTCGCCT-C TCGGCA---CCCC-A----GGGGGCG---- A_plagiopterus_6 CGGATCGTCGTCACAGTAGCCCGAGTGG-T GCGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCT-TCCTCGCCT-C TCGGCA---CCCC-A----GGGGGCG---- A_natalitius CGGATCGTCGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGTGG-T GAGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TCTTCGCCT-C TCGGCC-GTCCC------GGGGGTG---- A_smeathmannii_1 CGGATCGTCGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGTGG-T GCGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCCCTC-TCACCT-C TCGGCT-CTCCCCC------GGGGCG---- A_smeathmannii_75d CGGATCGTTGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGTGG-T GCGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCCCTC-TCACCT-C TCGGCT-CTCCCCC------GGGGCG---- A_smeathmannii_161 CGGATCGTCGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGTGG-T GCGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCCCTC-TCACCT-C TCGGCT-CTCCCCC------GGGGCG---- A_smeathmannii_168b CGGATCGTCGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGTGG-T GCGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCCCTC-TCACCT-C TCGGCT-CTCCCCC------GGGGCG---- A_smeathmannii_169 CGGATCGTCGTCCCATCAGGTCGGGTGG-T GCGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCCCTC-TCACCT-C TCGGCT-CTCCCCC------GGGGCG---- A_staudtii TGAATCGTCGTCACAGCCGGCCGAGTGG-T GCGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCT-TCCTCGCCT-C TCGGCA-C-CCC--A---GGGGGGTG---- A_zanzibaricus CGGATCGTCGTCTCGGCAGGTCGGGTGG-T GAGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TCTTCCCCT-C TCGGCC-GTCCC------GGGGGTG---- A_socotranus_21787 CGGATCGTCGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGTGG-T GAGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TCTTCGCCA-C TCGGCA-GTCCC------GGGGGTG---- A_socotranus_21925 CGGATCGTCGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGTGG-T GAGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TCTTCGCCA-C TCGGCA-GTCCC------GGGGGTG---- A_socotranus_21926 CGGATCGTCGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGTGG-T GAGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TCTTCGCCA-C TCGGCA-GTCCC------GGGGGTG---- A_socotranus_21928 CGGATCGTCGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGTGG-T GAGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TCTTCGCCA-C TCGGCA-GTCCC------GGGGGTG---- Acrdiocarpus_orientalis CGGATCGTCGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGTGG-C GAGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TCTCCGCCA-C TCGGCT-GTCCC------GGGGGTG---- A_orientalis_21788 CGGATCGTCGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGTGG-C GAGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TCTTCGCCA-C TCGGCT-GTCCC------GGGGGTG---- A_orientalis_21789 CGGATCGTCGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGTGG-C GAGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TCTTCGCCA-C TCGGCT-GTCCC------GGGGGTG---- A_orientalis_21790 CGGATCGTCGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGTGG-C GAGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TTTTCGCCA-C TCGGCT-GTCCC------GGGGGTG---- A_orientalis_21931 CGGATCGTCGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGTGG-C GAGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TCTTCGCCA-C TCGGCT-GTCCC------GGGGGTG---- A_orientalis_21932 CGGATCGTCGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGTGG-C GAGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TCTTCGCCA-C TCGGCT-GTCCC------GGGGGTG---- A_orientalis_21933 CGGATCGTCGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGTGG-C GAGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TCTTCGCCA-C TCGGCT-GTCCC------GGGGGTG---- A_orientalis_21934 CGGATCGTCGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGTGG-C GAGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TCTTCGCCA-C TCGGCT-GTCCC------GGGGGTG---- A_orientalis_21941 CGGATCGTCGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGTGG-C GAGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TCTTCGCCA-C TCGGCT-GTCCC------GGGGGTG---- A_orientalis_21791 CGGATCGTCGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGTGG-C GAGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TCTTCGCCA-C TCGGCT-GTCCC------GGGGGTG---- A_orientalis_21792 CGGATCGTCGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGTGG-C GAGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TCTTCGCCA-C TCGGCT-GTCCC------GGGGGTG---- A_orientalis_21793 CGGATCGTCGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGTGG-C GAGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TCTTCGCCA-C TCGGCT-GTCCC------GGGGGTG---- A_orientalis_21794 CGGATCGTCGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGTGG-C GAGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TCTTCGCCA-C TCGGCT-GTCCC------GGGGGTG---- A_orientalis_21929 CGGATCGTCGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGTGG-C GAGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TCTTCGCCA-C TCGGCT-GTCCC------GGGGGTG---- A_orientalis_21930 CGGATCGTCGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGTGG-C GAGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TCTTCGCCA-C TCGGCT-GTCCC------GGGGGTG---- A_orientalis_21935 CGGATCGTCGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGTGG-C GAGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TCTTCGCCA-C TCGGCT-GTCCC------GGGGGTG---- A_orientalis_21937 CGGATCGTCGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGTGG-C GAGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TCTTCGCCA-C TCGGCT-GTCCC------GGGGGTG---- A_orientalis_21938 CGGATCGTCGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGTGG-C GAGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TCTTCGCCA-C TCGGCT-GTCCC------GGGGGTG---- A_orientalis_21939 CGGATCGTCGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGTGG-C GAGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TCTTCGCCA-C TCGGCT-GTCCC------GGGGGTG---- A_orientalis_21940 CGGATCGTCGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGTGG-C GAGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TCTTCGCCA-C TCGGCT-GTCCC------GGGGGTG---- A_orientalis_21942 CGGATCGTCGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGTGG-C GAGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TCTTCGCCA-C TCGGCT-GTCCC------GGGGGTG---- A_orientalis_21943 CGGATCGTCGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGTGG-C GAGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TCTTCGCCA-C TCGGCT-GTCCC------GGGGGTG---- A_orientalis_21944 CGGATCGTCGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGTGG-C GAGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TCTTCGCCA-C TCGGCT-GTCCC------GGGGGTG---- A_orientalis_21945 CGGATCGTCGTCCCAGCAGGTCGGGTGG-C GAGTGGGGCGAC-GCCCC-TCTTCGCCA-C TCGGCT-GTCCC------GGGGGTG----

111111111111111111122222222222 222222222222222222222222222222 222222222222222222222222222222 888888888999999999900000000001 111111111222222222233333333334 444444444555555555566666666677 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 Brachylophon_curtisii G-CC-GTTGGGCCCTC--GGTCTCGGCGCC CC---AGG-GGAGGTACAACTAAACCCCGG CGCGGAATGCGCCAAGGAAAACAAACGGAG Barnebya_dispar T-CC-GTCC-ACCCTCGAGGTCTCGGTGCT TAC--AGGAACAACAACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCAGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACAAATCGAG A_adenophorus GTGCCG-CTGACCCG-GTGGTCAGGGTG-- -CCCTTGG-GGAACCGCAACCAAACCCCGG CGCGGAAAGCGCCAAGGAAAACAAAAACAG A_alternifolius TT---GT-CGACGTT-GTGGTCTCGGCGTG CTCCCCGG-GGAACGACCACCAA-CCCCGG CGCGGAATGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACAGAG A_austrocaledonicus -TGCCG-CCGACCCG-GTGGTCTGGGTG-- -CCCTCGG-GGAACCACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCGGAAAGCGCCAAGGAAAAGAAACGGAG A_ballyi --GTCGT-CGACGCT-GTGGTGTCGGCGT- CCCCCCGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCGGAAAGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACCGAG A_chevalieri --GTCGT-CGACGTT-GTGGTCTCGGC-T- CCCCCCCG-GGAACGACCACCAA-CCCCGG CGCGGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACGGAG A_excelsus --GCCG-CTGAC------GG------CCCTCGG-GGAACCACAACCAACCCCCGG CGCGGAAAGCGCCAAGGAAAAGAAACGGAG A_longifolius_25 -TGTCG-CCGAAGCT-GTGGTCTCGGCGTC CCCCCTAG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCGGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACGGAG A_longifolius_160 -TGTCG-CCGAAGCT-GTGGTCTCGGCGTC CCCCCTAG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCGGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACGGAG A_macrocalyx_166 ---TCGT-CGACCCT-CTGGTCCCGGCAGC TCCCTGGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCGGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACGGAG A_macrocalyx_172c ---TCGT-CGACCCT-CTGGTCCCGGCAGC TCCCTGGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCGGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACGGAG A_macrocalyx_167 ---TCGT-CGACCCT-CTGGTCCCGGCAGC TCCCTGGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCGGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACGGAG A_plagiopterus_176 ---TCG-CCGACCCT-GTGGTCCCGGCGGC TCCCCTGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCAGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACGGAG A_plagiopterus_6 ---TCG-CCGACCCT-GTGGTCCCGGCGGC TCCCCTGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCAGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACGGAG A_natalitius ---TCG-CCGACGCT-GTGGTCTCGGCGTC CCCCCCGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCAGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACCGAG A_smeathmannii_1 ---TCG-AGGGCCCT-GTGGCCTCGGCTGC TCCCCCGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCGGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGAACGGAG A_smeathmannii_75d ---TCG-AGGGCCCT-GTGGCCTCGGCTGC TCCCCCGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCGGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGAACGGAG A_smeathmannii_161 ---TCG-AGGGCCCT-GTGGCCTCGGCTGC TCCCCCGG-GGAACGACAACCAACCCCCGG CGCGGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGAACGGAG A_smeathmannii_168b ---TCG-AGGGCCCT-GTGGCCTCGGCTGC TCCCCCGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCGGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGAACGGAG A_smeathmannii_169 ---TCG-AGGGCCCT-GTGGCCTCGGCTGC TCCCCCGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCGGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGAACGGAG A_staudtii ---TTGT-CGAC-CT-TTGGTCCCGGCGCC TCCCTGGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCAAAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACGGAG A_zanzibaricus ---TCGT-CGACGCT-GTGGTGTCGGCGTC CCCCC-GG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCGGAAAGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACCGAG A_socotranus_21787 ---TC-TCCGACGCT-GTGGTCTCGGTGTC CACCCTGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCGGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACCGAG A_socotranus_21925 ---TC-TCCGACGCT-GTGGTCTCGGTGTC CACCCTGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCGGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACCGAG A_socotranus_21926 ---TC-TCCGACGCT-GTGGTCTCGGTGTC CACCCTGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCGGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACCGAG A_socotranus_21928 ---TC-TCCGACGCT-GTGGTCTCGGTGTC CACCCTGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCGGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACCGAG Acrdiocarpus_orientalis ---TCG-CCGACGCT-GTGGTCTCGGTGTC CCCCCTGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCAGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACCGTG A_orientalis_21788 ---TCG-CCGACGCT-GTGGTCTCGGTGTC CCCCCCGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCAGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACCGAG A_orientalis_21789 ---TCG-CCGACGCT-GTGGTCTCGGTGTC CCCCCCGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCAGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACCGAG A_orientalis_21790 ---TCG-CCGACGCT-GTGGTCTCGGTGTC CCCCCCGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCAGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACCGAG A_orientalis_21931 ---TCG-CCGACGCT-GTGGTCTCGGTGTC CCCCCCGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCAGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACCGAG A_orientalis_21932 ---TCG-CCGACGCT-GTGGTCTCGGTGTC CCCCCCGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCAGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACCGAG A_orientalis_21933 ---TCG-CCGACGCT-GTGGTCTCGGTGTC CCCCCCGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCAGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACCGAG A_orientalis_21934 ---TCG-CCGACGCT-GTGGTCTCGGTGTC CCCCCCGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCAGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACCGAG A_orientalis_21941 ---TCG-CCGACGCT-GTGGTCTCGGTGTC CCCCCCGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCAGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACCGAG A_orientalis_21791 ---TCG-CCGACGCT-GTGGTCTCGGTGTC CCCCCTGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCAGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACCGTG A_orientalis_21792 ---TCG-CCGACGCT-GTGGTCTCGGTGTC CCCCCTGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCAGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACCGTG A_orientalis_21793 ---TCG-CCGACGCT-GTGGTCTCGGTGTC CCCCCTGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCAGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACCGTG A_orientalis_21794 ---TCG-CCGACGCT-GTGGTCTCGGTGTC CCCCCTGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCAGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACCGTG A_orientalis_21929 ---TCG-CCGACGCT-GTGGTCTCGGTGTC CCCCCTGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCAGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACCGTG A_orientalis_21930 ---TCG-CCGACGCT-GTGGTCTCGGTGTC CCCCCTGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCAGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACCGTG A_orientalis_21935 ---TCG-CCGACGCT-GTGGTCTCGGTGTC CCCCCTGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCAGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACCGTG A_orientalis_21937 ---TCG-CCGACGCT-GTGGTCTCGGTGTC CCCCCTGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCAGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACCGTG A_orientalis_21938 ---TCG-CCGACGCT-GTGGTCTCGGTGTC CCCCCTGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCAGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACCGTG A_orientalis_21939 ---TCG-CCGACGCT-GTGGTCTCGGTGTC CCCCCTGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCAGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACCGTG A_orientalis_21940 ---TCG-CCGACGCT-GTGGTCTCGGTGTC CCCCCTGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCAGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACCGTG A_orientalis_21942 ---TCG-CCGACGCT-GTGGTCTCGGTGTC CCCCCTGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCAGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACCGTG A_orientalis_21943 ---TCG-CCGACGCT-GTGGTCTCGGTGTC CCCCCTGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCAGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACCGTG A_orientalis_21944 ---TCG-CCGACGCT-GTGGTCTCGGTGTC CCCCCTGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCAGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACCGTG A_orientalis_21945 ---TCG-CCGACGCT-GTGGTCTCGGTGTC CCCCCTGG-GGAACGACAACCAA-CCCCGG CGCAGAACGCGCCAAGGAAAACGGACCGTG

222222222222222222222222222223 333333333333333333333333333333 333333333333333333333333333333 777777777888888888899999999990 000000000111111111122222222223 333333333444444444455555555556 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 Brachylophon_curtisii GAGGACCGTTCCGGCG-TCCCGAAGACGGT GCGCGT-CGGAATGTTCTGCCCGCAGTCGC -AAC--AAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA Barnebya_dispar GAGGACTCTTCCTTCGTTCCCGGAGACGGC GAGCGTGGGGAA-GTTCGGCCTGACGTCGT AAAAAAAAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_adenophorus GAGGAGGGATCCGACG-TCCCGAAGACGGT GAGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGGCCGAAGTGGC -AGC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_alternifolius GAGGATCGTTCCGACG-CCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCCCCCGAAGTGGC -AAA--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_austrocaledonicus GAGGAGCGACCCGACG-TCCCGTGGACGGT GAGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGGCCGAAGTGGC -AGC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_ballyi GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGCGGC -AAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGAATA A_chevalieri GAGGATCGTTCCGACG-CCCCGGAGACGGT GCACGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTAGC -AAA--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_excelsus GAGGAGCGATCCGACG-TCCCGAAGACGGT GAGCGT-CGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTGGC -AGA--AAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_longifolius_25 GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-CCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTGGC -AAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_longifolius_160 GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-CCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTGGC -AAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_macrocalyx_166 GTGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGGTCAGCCCAAAGTGGC -AAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_macrocalyx_172c GTGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCGTGT-GGGAACGGTCAGCCCAAAGTGGC -AAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_macrocalyx_167 GTGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGGTCAGCCCAAAGTGGC -AAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_plagiopterus_176 GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGGTCAGCCCGAAGTGGC -AAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_plagiopterus_6 GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGGTCAGCCCGAAGTGGC -AAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_natalitius GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCCCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTGGC -AAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_smeathmannii_1 GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCACGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTCGC AAACC-G-AACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_smeathmannii_75d GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCACGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTCGC AAACC-G-AACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_smeathmannii_161 GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCACGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTCGC AAACC-G-AACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_smeathmannii_168b GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCACGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTCGC AAACC-G-AACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_smeathmannii_169 GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCACGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTCGC AAACC-G-AACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_staudtii GTGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGGTCAGCCCGAAGTGGC -AAC--GAAATGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_zanzibaricus GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGCGGC -AAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_socotranus_21787 GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-CCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTGGC -AAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_socotranus_21925 GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-CCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTGGC -AAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_socotranus_21926 GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-CCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTGGC -AAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_socotranus_21928 GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-CCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTGGC -AAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA Acrdiocarpus_orientalis GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTGGC -CAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_orientalis_21788 GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTGGC -CAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_orientalis_21789 GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTGGC -CAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_orientalis_21790 GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTGGC -CAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_orientalis_21931 GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTGGC -CAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_orientalis_21932 GAGGACCGTTCCGGCG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTGGC -CAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_orientalis_21933 GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTGGC -CAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_orientalis_21934 GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTGGC -CAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_orientalis_21941 GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTGGC -CAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_orientalis_21791 GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTGGC -CAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_orientalis_21792 GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTGGC -CAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_orientalis_21793 GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTGGC -CAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_orientalis_21794 GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTGGC -CAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_orientalis_21929 GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTGGC -CAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_orientalis_21930 GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTGGC -CAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_orientalis_21935 GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTGGC -CAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_orientalis_21937 GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTGGC -CAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_orientalis_21938 GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTGGC -CAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_orientalis_21939 GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTGGC -CAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_orientalis_21940 GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTGGC -CAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_orientalis_21942 GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTGGC -CAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_orientalis_21943 GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTGGC -CAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_orientalis_21944 GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTGGC -CAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA A_orientalis_21945 GAGGACCGTTCCGACG-TCCCGGAGACGGT GCGCGT-GGGAACGTTCCGCCCGAAGTGGC -CAC--GAAACGACTCTCGGCAACGGA-TA

333333333333333333333333333333 333333333444444444444444444444 444444444444444444444444444444 666666667777777777788888888889 999999999000000000011111111112 222222222333333333344444444445 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 Brachylophon_curtisii TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAAATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA Barnebya_dispar TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAAATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_adenophorus TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAAATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCACGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_alternifolius TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACG-A A_austrocaledonicus TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAAATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTCGAACGCA A_ballyi TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_chevalieri TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_excelsus TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAAATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_longifolius_25 TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_longifolius_160 TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_macrocalyx_166 TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_macrocalyx_172c TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_macrocalyx_167 TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_plagiopterus_176 TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_plagiopterus_6 TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_natalitius TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_smeathmannii_1 TCTCGGCCCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGCGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_smeathmannii_75d TCTCGGCCCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGCGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_smeathmannii_161 TCTCGGCCCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGCGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_smeathmannii_168b TCTCGGCCCTTGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGCGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_smeathmannii_169 TCTCGGCCCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGCGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_staudtii TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_zanzibaricus TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_socotranus_21787 TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGCGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_socotranus_21925 TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGCGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_socotranus_21926 TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGCGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_socotranus_21928 TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGCGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA Acrdiocarpus_orientalis TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_orientalis_21788 TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_orientalis_21789 TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_orientalis_21790 TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_orientalis_21931 TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_orientalis_21932 TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_orientalis_21933 TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_orientalis_21934 TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_orientalis_21941 TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_orientalis_21791 TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_orientalis_21792 TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_orientalis_21793 TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_orientalis_21794 TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_orientalis_21929 TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_orientalis_21930 TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_orientalis_21935 TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_orientalis_21937 TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_orientalis_21938 TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_orientalis_21939 TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_orientalis_21940 TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_orientalis_21942 TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_orientalis_21943 TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_orientalis_21944 TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA A_orientalis_21945 TCTCGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGTAG CAAGATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTGCAGA ATCCCGTGAACCATCGAGTCTTTGAACGCA

444444444444444444444444444444 444444444444444444455555555555 555555555555555555555555555555 555555555666666666777777777778 888888888999999999900000000001 111111111222222222233333333334 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 Brachylophon_curtisii AGTTGCGCCCGAAGTCTTTTGGCCGAGGGC ACGCCTGCCTGGGTGTCACACAACGTCGTT CCCCC-CC------ACAACC---TTA-- Barnebya_dispar AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTTGGCTGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCACACAACGTCGTC GTCCCCCCCCCCAGC-ACAACCC------A_adenophorus AGTTGCGCCCGGAGCCTTTGGGCCGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCAAACGACGTCGGC CCC--TCC------GAAGCACCCC--- A_alternifolius AGTTGCGCCCGAAGTCTTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCC--C------AAAACCCCC-T--- A_austrocaledonicus AGTTGCGCCCGGAGCCTTTCGGGCGAGGGC ACGTCTGGCTGGGTGTCAAACGACGTCGGC CCC--TCC------GAACCAGCCC--- A_ballyi AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCC------AGCCAAAACCCCCC---- A_chevalieri AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCCTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCC-C-ACCCCCC-AAAACCCCC--A-- A_excelsus AGTTGCGCCCGGAGCCTTTCGGCCGAGGGC ACGTCTGGCTGGGTGTCAAACGACGTCGGC CC---T---C------CGAACCACCCT--- A_longifolius_25 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGAAGTCGGC CCCCC------AAAACCCCCTT--- A_longifolius_160 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGAAGTCGGC CCCCC------AAAACCCCCTT--- A_macrocalyx_166 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGTCGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGCGTCGAACGTCGTCGGC CCCCC------AAAGCCCCCC---- A_macrocalyx_172c AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGTCGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGCGTCGAACGTCGTCGGC CCCCC------AAAGCCCCCC---- A_macrocalyx_167 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGTCGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGCGTCGAACGTCGTCGGC CCCCC------AAAGCCCCCC---- A_plagiopterus_176 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGCCGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGCGTCGAACGTCGTCGGC CCCCC------AACGCCCCCC---- A_plagiopterus_6 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGCCGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGCGTCGAACGTCGTCGGC CCCCC------AACGCCCCCC---- A_natalitius AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGCCTGCCTGGGCGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCC--AAAAACC-GAAACCCCCCC---- A_smeathmannii_1 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCATTCGGCCGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCC------AATCCCCCC---G A_smeathmannii_75d AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCATTCGGCCGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCC-C------AATCCCCCC---G A_smeathmannii_161 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCATTCGGCCGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCC------AATCCCCCC---G A_smeathmannii_168b AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCATTCGGCCGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCC------AATCCCCCC---G A_smeathmannii_169 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCATTCGGCCGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCC------AATCCCCCC---G A_staudtii AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTACGGCCGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGCGTCGAACGTCGTCGGC CCCCC------AAAGCCCCCC---- A_zanzibaricus AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCC-CC------AAAACCC-----GC A_socotranus_21787 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCCTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCCTCC------AAAACCCCCCC-GC A_socotranus_21925 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCCTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCCTCC------AAAACCCCCCC-GC A_socotranus_21926 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCCTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCCTCC------AAAACCCCCCC-GC A_socotranus_21928 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCCTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCCTCC------AAAACCCCCCC-GC Acrdiocarpus_orientalis AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCCTCC------AAAGCCCCC----A A_orientalis_21788 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCCTCC------AAAGCCCCC----A A_orientalis_21789 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCCTCC------AAAGCCCCC----A A_orientalis_21790 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCCTCC------AAAGCCCCC----A A_orientalis_21931 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCCTCC------AAAGCCCCC----A A_orientalis_21932 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCCTCC------AAAGCCCCC----A A_orientalis_21933 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCCTCC------AAAGCCCCC----A A_orientalis_21934 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCCTCC------AAAGCCCCC----A A_orientalis_21941 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCCTCC------AAAGCCCCC----A A_orientalis_21791 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCCTCC------AAAGCCCCC----A A_orientalis_21792 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCCTCC------AAAGCCCCC----A A_orientalis_21793 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCCTCC------AAAGCCCCC----A A_orientalis_21794 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCCTCC------AAAGCCCCC----A A_orientalis_21929 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCCTCC------AAAGCCCCC----A A_orientalis_21930 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCCTCC------AAAGCCCCC----A A_orientalis_21935 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCCTCC------AAAGCCCCC----A A_orientalis_21937 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCCTCC------AAAGCCCCC----A A_orientalis_21938 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCCTCC------AAAGCCCCC----A A_orientalis_21939 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCCTCC------AAAGCCCCC----A A_orientalis_21940 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCCTCC------AAAGCCCCC----A A_orientalis_21942 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCCTCC------AAAGCCCCC----A A_orientalis_21943 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCCTCC------AAAGCCCCC----A A_orientalis_21944 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCCTCC------AAAGCCCCC----A A_orientalis_21945 AGTTGCGCCCGAAGCCTTTCGGCGGAGGGC ACGTCTGCCTGGGTGTCGAACGACGTCGGC CCCCCTCC------AAAGCCCCC----A

100

555555555555555555555555555555 555555555555555555555555555556 666666666666666666666666666666 444444444555555555566666666677 777777777888888888899999999990 000000000111111111122222222223 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 Brachylophon_curtisii GGGA--GAA------GC----GGAGGGA CGGATGATGGTCTCCCGTGA-GTTA------CGATCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--G Barnebya_dispar TTTATCCAA-GGGATAGGCGGTTGGAGGGA CGGAAGGTGGTCTCCCGTGA-GTGTT------A-CTGTTGCGGTTGGCCGAAACG--C A_adenophorus -GGATCG---GGGGGAGAG--GTGGAGGGA CGGAGGATGGCCTCCCGC------GATCTGTGGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_alternifolius GGGATGGAAAGGGGGAGAG--TTGGAGGGA CGGACGCTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CGATTTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_austrocaledonicus -GGATCC------GGAGGGA CGGAGGATGGCCTCCCGTGGGGGGGT-TGG AGCGATCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_ballyi GGGATGGAAAGGGGGAGAG-TTTGGGGGGA CGGTCTCTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CGATCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_chevalieri GGGATGGAAAAGGGGAGAG--TTGGAGGGA CGGACGCTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCG-T------CGATTTCTCGTGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_excelsus -GGATCC---GGAGGAGAG--GTGGAGGGA CGGAGGATGGCCTCCCGT-AGGGGGTGTGG AGCGATCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_longifolius_25 GGGATGGAAAGGGGGAGAG--TTGGAGGGA CGGATGCTGGCCCCCCGTGA-GCGG------AGATTTCTCACGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_longifolius_160 GGGATGGAAAGGGGGAGAG--TTGGAGGGA CGGATGCTGGCCCCCCGTGA-GCGG------AGATTTCTCACGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_macrocalyx_166 GGGATGGAAAGGAGGAGAG--TTGGAGGGA CGGAAGTTGGCCTCCCGCGA-GCGA------CGACTTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_macrocalyx_172c GGGATGGAAAGGAGGAGAG--TTGGAGGGA CGGAAGTTGGCCTCCCGCGA-GCGA------CGACTTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_macrocalyx_167 GGGATGGAAAGGAGGAGAG--TTGGAGGGA CGGAAGTTGGCCTCCCGCGA-GCGA------CGACTTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_plagiopterus_176 GGGATGGAAAGGAGGAGAG--TTGGAGGGA CGGAAGTTGGCCTCCCGCGA-GCGA------CGACCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_plagiopterus_6 GGGATGGAAAGGAGGAGAG--TTGGAGGGA CGGAAGTTGGCCTCCCGCGA-GCGA------CGACCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_natalitius AGGATGGAAAGGGGGAGGGGGTTGGGGGGA CGGACGCTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CGATTTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_smeathmannii_1 AGGATC------GAGAG----GGAGGGA CGGACGTTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CAATCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATGTGC A_smeathmannii_75d AGGATC------GAGAG----GGAGGGA CGGACGTTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CAATCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATGTGC A_smeathmannii_161 AGGATG------GAGAG----GGAGGGA CGGACGTTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CAATCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATGTGC A_smeathmannii_168b AGGATC------GAGAG----GGAGGGA CGGACGTTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CAATCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATGTGC A_smeathmannii_169 AGGATG------GAGAG----GGAGGGA CGGACGTTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CAATCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATGTGC A_staudtii GGGATGGAAAGG-AGAGAGAGTTGGAGGGA CGGAAGTTGGCCTCCCGCGA-GCTA------CGACTTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_zanzibaricus GGGATGGAAAGGGGGAGAG-TTTGGGGGGA CGGTCTCTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CGATCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_socotranus_21787 GGGATGGAAAGGGAGAGAG--TTGGGGGGA CGGACGCTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CGATCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_socotranus_21925 GGGATGGAAAGGGAGAGAG--TTGGGGGGA CGGACGCTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CGATCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_socotranus_21926 GGGATGGAAAGGGAGAGAG--TTGGGGGGA CGGACGCTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CGATCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_socotranus_21928 GGGATGGAAAGGGAGAGAG--TTGGGGGGA CGGACGCTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CGATCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C Acrdiocarpus_orientalis AGGATGGAAAGGGAGAGAG--GTGGGGGGA CGGACGCTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CGGTCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_orientalis_21788 AGGATGGAAAGGGAGAGAG--GTGGGGGGA CGGACGCTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CGATCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAACG--C A_orientalis_21789 AGGATGGAAAGGGAGAGAG--GTGGGGGGA CGGACGCTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CGATCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAACG--C A_orientalis_21790 AGGATGGAAAGGGAGAGAG--GTGGGGGGA CGGACGCTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CGATCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAACG--C A_orientalis_21931 AGGATGGAAAGGGAGAGAG--GTGGGGGGA CGGACGCTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CGATCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAACG--C A_orientalis_21932 AGGATGGAAAGGGAGAGAG--GTGGGGGGA CGGACGCTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CGATCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAACG--C A_orientalis_21933 AGGATGGAAAGGGAGAGAG--GTGGGGGGA CGGACGCTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CGATCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAACG--C A_orientalis_21934 AGGATGGAAAGGGAGAGAG--GTGGGGGGA CGGACGCTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CGATCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAACG--C A_orientalis_21941 AGGATGGAAAGGGAGAGAG--GTGGGGGGA CGGACGCTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CGATCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAACG--C A_orientalis_21791 AGGATGGAAAGGGAGAGAG--GTGGGGGGA CGGACGCTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CGGTCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_orientalis_21792 AGGATGGAAAGGGAGAGAG--GTGGGGGGA CGGACGCTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CGGTCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_orientalis_21793 AGGATGGAAAGGGAGAGAG--GTGGGGGGA CGGACGCTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CGGTCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_orientalis_21794 AGGATGGAAAGGGAGAGAG--GTGGGGGGA CGGACGCTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CGGTCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_orientalis_21929 AGGATGGAAAGGGAGAGAG--GTGGGGGGA CGGACGCTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CGGTCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_orientalis_21930 AGGATGGAAAGGGAGAGAG--GTGGGGGGA CGGACGCTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CGGTCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_orientalis_21935 AGGATGGAAAGGGAGAGAG--GTGGGGGGA CGGACGCTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CGGTCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_orientalis_21937 AGGATGGAAAGGGAGAGAG--GTGGGGGGA CGGACGCTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CGGTCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_orientalis_21938 AGGATGGAAAGGGAGAGAG--GTGGGGGGA CGGACGCTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CGGTCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_orientalis_21939 AGGATGGAAAGGGAGAGAG--GTGGGGGGA CGGACGCTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CGGTCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_orientalis_21940 AGGATGGAAAGGGAGAGAG--GTGGGGGGA CGGACGCTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CGGTCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_orientalis_21942 AGGATGGAAAGGGAGAGAG--GTGGGGGGA CGGACGCTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CGGTCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_orientalis_21943 AGGATGGAAAGGGAGAGAG--GTGGGGGGA CGGACGCTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CGGTCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_orientalis_21944 AGGATGGAAAGGGAGAGAG--GTGGGGGGA CGGACGCTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CGGTCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C A_orientalis_21945 AGGATGGAAAGGGAGAGAG--GTGGGGGGA CGGACGCTGGCCTCCCGTGA-GCGG------CGGTCTCTCGCGGTTGGCCGAAATG--C

101

666666666666666666666666666666 666666666666666666666666666666 666666666777777777777777777777 333333333444444444455555555556 666666667777777777788888888889 999999999000000000011111111112 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 Brachylophon_curtisii GA-GTCCGG-C-GC-GACGCGAGCCACAAC AACCGGTGGTTGAAAGATCC-T----CGAT CGATTGGTTGTGGCCTCTC-GTCTCG-GAA Barnebya_dispar -AGGTCCGGGC-G-ACAA--AAGCCACGAC AACCGGTGGTTGAAATATCC-T----CGAT CGTTTGGTTGTGGCCACTTTGTCCCGGTAA A_adenophorus GA-GTCCGGG--GGACTG--GAGGCGCGAC GACCGGTGGTTGAGAGCTT--AGAGCCGAT CGATCGGTGGCGGGCTCT-TGTCC-GAGAA A_alternifolius GA-GTCCGGG-TGG--TAA-GTGCCGCGAC GGCAGGTGGTCGAGAGATCC-A----CGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTTA-GGTCCCC--AA A_austrocaledonicus GA-GTCCGGG--GGACAG--GAGCCGCGAC GACCGGTGGTCGAGAG--CCGACGGGCGAT GGATCGGTCGCGGGCTCT-TGTCC-G-AGA A_ballyi GA-GTCCGGGC-GGCCA---GAGCCGCGAC GGCCGGTGGTGGAGAGATCC-A----GGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTTC-GG-CCCC-AAA A_chevalieri GA-GTCCGGGC-GG--TAA-GTGCCGCGAC GGTAGGTGGTCGAAAGATCC-A----CGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTTC-GGTCCCC-AGG A_excelsus GA-GTCCGGGG-G-ACAG--GAGCCGCGAC GACCGGTGGTTGAGAGCTT--AGAGCCGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGGCTCT-TGTCC-G-AGA A_longifolius_25 GA-GTCCGGGCTG--CAA--GAGCCGCGAC GGCCGGTGGTCGAGAGATCC-A----CGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GGTCCC--AAA A_longifolius_160 GA-GTCCGGGCTG--CAA--GAGCCGCGAC GGCCGGTGGTCGAGAGATCC-A----CGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTAC-GGTCCC--AAA A_macrocalyx_166 GA-GCCCGGGCTG--CAC--GAGCCGCGAC AGTCGGTGGTCGAGAGATCC-A----CGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GGTCCC--AAA A_macrocalyx_172c GA-GACCGGGCTG--CAC--GAGCCGCGAC AGTCGGTGGTCGAGAGATCC-A----CGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GGTCCC--AAA A_macrocalyx_167 GA-GCCCGGGCTG--CAC--GAGCCGCGAC AGTCGGTGGTCGAGAGATCC-A----CGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GGTCCC--AAA A_plagiopterus_176 GA-GCCCGGGCTG--CAC--GAGCCGCGAC AGTCGGTGGTCGAGAGATCC-A----CGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GGTCCC--AAA A_plagiopterus_6 GA-GCCCGGGCTG--CAC--GAGCCGCGAC AGTCGGTGGTCGAGAGATCC-A----CGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GGTCCC--AAA A_natalitius GA-GTCCGGGC-GG-CAA--GAGCCGCGAC GGCCGGTGGTGGAGAGATCC-C----GGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GG-CCCCAAAA A_smeathmannii_1 AA-GTCCTGGC-GG-CAC--GGGCCGCGAC GACCGGTGGTCGAGAGATCC-A----CGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCCGC-AG-CCCCGAAA A_smeathmannii_75d AA-GTCCTGGC-GG-CAC--GGGCCGCGAC GACCGGTGGTCGAGAGATCC-A----CGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCCGC-AG-CCCCGAAA A_smeathmannii_161 AA-GTCCTGGC-GG-CAC--GGGCCGCGAC GACCGGTGGTCGAGAGATCC-A----CGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCCGC-AG-CCCCGAAA A_smeathmannii_168b AA-GTCCTGGC-GG-CAC--GGGCCGCGAC GACCGGTGGTCGAGAGATCC-A----CGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCCGC-AG-CCCCGAAA A_smeathmannii_169 AA-GTCCTGGC-GG-CAC--GGGCCGCGAC GACCGGTGGTCGAGAGATCC-A----CGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCCGC-AG-CCCCGAAA A_staudtii GA-GCCCGGGCTG--CAC--GAGCCGCGAC AGTCGGTGGTCGAGAGATCC-A----CGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GGTCCC--AAA A_zanzibaricus GA-GTCCGGGC-GG-CAA--GAGCCGCGAC GGCCGGTGGTGGAGAGATCC-A----GGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTTC-GG-CCCCAAAA A_socotranus_21787 GA-GCCCGGGC-GG-CAA--GAGCCGCGAC GGCCGGTGGTGGGGAGATCC-C----GGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GG-CCCCAAAA A_socotranus_21925 GA-GCCCGGGC-GG-CAA--GAGCCGCGAC GGCCGGTGGTGGGGAGATCC-C----GGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GG-CCCCAAAA A_socotranus_21926 GA-GCCCGGGC-GG-CAA--GAGCCGCGAC GGCCGGTGGTGGGGAGATCC-C----GGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GG-CCCCAAAA A_socotranus_21928 GA-GCCCGGGC-GG-CAA--GAGCCGCGAC GGCCGGTGGTGGGGAGATCC-C----GGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GG-CCCCAAAA Acrdiocarpus_orientalis GA-GTCCGGGC-GG-CAG--GAGCCGCGAC GGCCGGTGGTGGAGAGATCC-A----GGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GG-CCCCAAAA A_orientalis_21788 GA-GTCCGGGC-GG-CAA--GAGCCGCGAC GGCCGGTGGTGGAGAGATCC-A----GGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GG-CCCCAAAA A_orientalis_21789 GA-GTCCGGGC-GG-CAA--GAGCCGCGAC GGCCGGTGGTGGAGAGATCC-A----GGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GG-CCCCAAAA A_orientalis_21790 GA-GTCCGGGC-GG-CAA--GAGCCGCGAC GGCCGGTGGTGGAGAGATCC-A----GGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GG-CCCCAAAA A_orientalis_21931 GA-GTCCGGGC-GG-CAA--GAGCCGCGAC GGCCGGTGGTGGAGAGATCC-A----GGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GG-CCCCAAAA A_orientalis_21932 GA-GTCCGGGC-GG-CAA--GAGCCGCGAC GGCCGGTGGTGGAGAGATCC-A----GGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GG-CCCCAAAA A_orientalis_21933 GA-GTCCGGGC-GG-CAA--GAGCCGCGAC GGCCGGTGGTGGAGAGATCC-A----GGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GG-CCCCAAAA A_orientalis_21934 GA-GTCCGGGC-GG-CAA--GAGCCGCGAC GGCCGGTGGTGGAGAGATCC-A----GGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GG-CCCCAAAA A_orientalis_21941 GA-GTCCGGGC-GG-CAA--GAGCCGCGAC GGCCGGTGGTGGAGAGATCC-A----GGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GG-CCCCAAAA A_orientalis_21791 GA-GTCCGGGC-GG-CAA--GAGCCGCGAC GGCCGGTGGTGGAGAGATCC-A----GGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GG-CCCCAAAA A_orientalis_21792 GA-GTCCGGGC-GG-CAA--GAGCCGCGAC GGCCGGTGGTGGAGAGATCC-A----GGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GG-CCCCAAAA A_orientalis_21793 GA-GTCCGGGC-GG-CAA--GAGCCGCGAC GGCCGGTGGTGGAGAGATCC-A----GGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GG-CCCCAAAA A_orientalis_21794 GA-GTCCGGGC-GG-CAA--GAGCCGCGAC GGCCGGTGGTGGAGAGATCC-A----GGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GG-CCCCAAAA A_orientalis_21929 GA-GTCCGGGC-GG-CAA--GAGCCGCGAC GGCCGGTGGTGGAGAGATCC-A----GGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GG-CCCCAAAA A_orientalis_21930 GA-GTCCGGGC-GG-CAA--GAGCCGCGAC GGCCGGTGGTGGAGAGATCC-A----GGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GG-CCCCAAAA A_orientalis_21935 GA-GTCCGGGC-GG-CAA--GAGCCGCGAC GGCCGGTGGTGGAGAGATCC-A----GGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GG-CCCCAAAA A_orientalis_21937 GA-GTCCGGGC-GG-CAA--GAGCCGCGAC GGCCGGTGGTGGAGAGATCC-A----GGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GG-CCCCAAAA A_orientalis_21938 GA-GTCCGGGC-GG-CAA--GAGCCGCGAC GGCCGGTGGTGGAGAGATCC-A----GGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GG-CCCCAAAA A_orientalis_21939 GA-GTCCGGGC-GG-CAA--GAGCCGCGAC GGCCGGTGGTGGAGAGATCC-A----GGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GG-CCCCAAAA A_orientalis_21940 GA-GTCCGGGC-GG-CAA--GAGCCGCGAC GGCCGGTGGTGGAGAGATCC-A----GGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GG-CCCCAAAA A_orientalis_21942 GA-GTCCGGGC-GG-CAA--GAGCCGCGAC GGCCGGTGGTGGAGAGATCC-A----GGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GG-CCCCAAAA A_orientalis_21943 GA-GTCCGGGC-GG-CAA--GAGCCGCGAC GGCCGGTGGTGGAGAGATCC-A----GGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GG-CCCCAAAA A_orientalis_21944 GA-GTCCGGGC-GG-CAA--GAGCCGCGAC GGCCGGTGGTGGAGAGATCC-A----GGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GG-CCCCAAAA A_orientalis_21945 GA-GTCCGGGC-GG-CAA--GAGCCGCGAC GGCCGGTGGTGGAGAGATCC-A----GGAT CGATCGGTCGCGGCCTGC-GG-CCCCAAAA

102

777777777777777777777777777777 777777777777777777777777777777 777777777777777777788888888888 222222222333333333344444444445 555555555666666666777777777778 888888888999999999900000000001 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 Brachylophon_curtisii AG-CGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCATCGTGC ------TCCTTCGG-AGTGTT-GCCA ----TCGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC Barnebya_dispar A--CGGGC-----TTTGG-ACCCTT-GTGC ------T--TTGCTCCTGAGCACT-TCCA -C--T-GCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_adenophorus AG-CGGGCTGA--TGAGG-ACCCTTGGAGC ------CTGGTTGTT----AGG-GT-GGCA GC-GTTGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_alternifolius GAGCGGGC-----TCAGGAACCCCTGGT------GTGCTGCTTCAGTA-G-CT-CCCA TC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_austrocaledonicus AAGCGGGCTCTTGTGAGG-ACCC-TCG-GA GCGAGCTAGCTTCTTCTC-GGG-CT-GGCA CGGCT-GCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_ballyi AGGCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCCTCGTG------CTTCTTCAGTA---GCCCCCA CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_chevalieri A-GCGGTC-----TCGGGAACCCCTCGTG------TGCTTCTTCACTAG--CT-CCCA CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_excelsus AAGCGGGC-----TGAGG-ACCC-TCG-G------AGCTTGTTTTT-AG--GCAGGCA CGGGT-GCGACCCC------AGGTCG-GGC A_longifolius_25 AAGCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCCTCGTG------CTTGTTCACTAG--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_longifolius_160 AA??????-----?????-??????????? ------?????????-??-?????-? ??-???????????------??????-??? A_macrocalyx_166 GAGCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCATCGTGC ------GCCTTTACTGT--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_macrocalyx_172c GAGCTGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCATCGTGC ------GCCTTTACTGT--CTCCC-C CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_macrocalyx_167 GAGCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCATCGTGC ------GCCTTTACTGT--CTCCCCA CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_plagiopterus_176 GAGCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCATCGTGC ------GCCTTCACTGG--CTCCCCA CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_plagiopterus_6 GAGCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCATCGTGC ------GCCTTCACTGG--CTCCCCA CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_natalitius G-GCGGGC-----TCAGGGACCCCTCGTGC ------TTCTTCACTAG--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_smeathmannii_1 G-GCGGGC-----TTGGG-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TCCTTCGAGAG--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_smeathmannii_75d G-GCGGGC-----TTGGA-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TCCTTCGGGAG--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_smeathmannii_161 G-GCGGGC-----TTGGG-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TCCTTCGAGAG--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_smeathmannii_168b G-GCGGGC-----TTGGG-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TCCTTCGAGAG--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_smeathmannii_169 G-GCGGGC-----TTGGG-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TCCTTCGAGAG--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_staudtii GAGCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCTTCGTGC ------GCCTTCACTGT--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_zanzibaricus G-GCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TTCTTCACTAG--CCCCC-A CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_socotranus_21787 G-GCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TTCTTCACTAG--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGC------A_socotranus_21925 G-GCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TTCTTCACTAG--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_socotranus_21926 G-GCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TTCTTCACTAG--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCGACCCCATC-TTAACTCA-GGC A_socotranus_21928 G-GCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TTCTTCACTAG--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCAACCC--T------Acrdiocarpus_orientalis G-GCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TTCTTCACTAG--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_orientalis_21788 G-GCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TTCTTCACTAG--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCGACCCC------A------A_orientalis_21789 G-GCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TTCTTCACTAG--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCGACCCCTTC---AGGTCA-GGC A_orientalis_21790 G-GCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TTCTTCACTAG--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGTTCA-GGC A_orientalis_21931 G-GCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TTCTTCACTAG--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCGACCCCTTCCTTAGGTCA-GGC A_orientalis_21932 G-GCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TTCTTCACTAG--CTCCC-A CC-GCGGCGACCC--TCC--AGGTCA-GGC A_orientalis_21933 G-GCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TTCTTCACTAG--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_orientalis_21934 G-GCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TTCTTCACTAG--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCGACCC--TCAG-TGCTCA-GGC A_orientalis_21941 G-GCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TTCTTCACTAG--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_orientalis_21791 G-GCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TTCTTCACTAG--CTCCC-A CCCGTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_orientalis_21792 G-GCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TTCTTCACTAG--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_orientalis_21793 G-GCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TTCTTCACTAG--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_orientalis_21794 G-GCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TTCTTCACTAG--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_orientalis_21929 G-GCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TTCTTCACTAG--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_orientalis_21930 G-GCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TTCTTCACTAG--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCAGAGC A_orientalis_21935 G-GCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TTCTTCACTAG--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_orientalis_21937 G-GCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TTCTTCACTAG--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCGCCCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_orientalis_21938 G-GCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TTCTTCACTAG--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_orientalis_21939 G-GCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TTCTTCACTAG--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_orientalis_21940 G-GCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TTCTTCACTAG--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_orientalis_21942 G-GCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TTCTTCACTAG--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_orientalis_21943 G-GCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TTCTTCACTAG--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_orientalis_21944 G-GCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TTCTTCACTAG--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC A_orientalis_21945 G-GCGGGC-----TCAGG-ACCCCTCGTGC ------TTCTTCACTAG--CTCCC-A CC-GTGGCGACCCC------AGGTCA-GGC

103

8888888888888888888888 1111111112222222222333 1234567890123456789012 Brachylophon_curtisii GGGATCACCCGCTGAGTTTAAG Barnebya_dispar GGGACTACCCGCTGAGTTTAAG A_adenophorus GGGATGACCCGCTGAGTTTAAG A_alternifolius GGGATTACCCGCTGAGTTTAAG A_austrocaledonicus GGGATCACCCGCCGAGTTTAAG A_ballyi GGGATTACCCGCTGAGTTTAAG A_chevalieri GGGATTACCCGCTGAGTTTAAG A_excelsus GGGATCACCCGCTGAGTTTAAG A_longifolius_25 GGGATTACCCGCTGAGTTTAAG A_longifolius_160 ?????????????????????? A_macrocalyx_166 GGGATTACCCGCTGAGTTTAA? A_macrocalyx_172c GGGATTACCCGCTGAGTTTAAG A_macrocalyx_167 GGGATTACCCGCTGAGTTTAAG A_plagiopterus_176 GGGATTACCCGCTGAGTTTAAG A_plagiopterus_6 GGGATTACCCGCTGAGTTTAAG A_natalitius GGGATTACCCGCCGAGTTTAAG A_smeathmannii_1 GGGATCACCCGCTGAGTTTAAG A_smeathmannii_75d GGGATCACCCGCTGAGTTTAAG A_smeathmannii_161 GGGATCACCCGCTGAGTTTAA? A_smeathmannii_168b GGGATCACCCGCTGAGTTTAAG A_smeathmannii_169 GGGATCACCCGCTGAGTTTAAG A_staudtii GGGATTACCCGCTGAGTTTAAG A_zanzibaricus GGGATTACCCGCTGAGTTTAAG A_socotranus_21787 ------A_socotranus_21925 CGGATTACCCGCTGAGT----- A_socotranus_21926 GGGATTACCCGCTGAGTTTAAG A_socotranus_21928 ------Acrdiocarpus_orientalis GGGATTACCCGCCGAGTTTAAG A_orientalis_21788 ------A_orientalis_21789 GGGATTACCCGCTGAGTTTAAG A_orientalis_21790 G------A_orientalis_21931 GGGATTACCCGCTGAGTTTAA- A_orientalis_21932 GGGATTACCCGCTGAGTTTAAG A_orientalis_21933 GGGATTACCC------A_orientalis_21934 GGGATTACCCGCTGAGTTTAAG A_orientalis_21941 GGGATTACCCG------A_orientalis_21791 GG-A-TACCCGCCGAGTTTAAG A_orientalis_21792 G------A_orientalis_21793 GG------A_orientalis_21794 GG------A_orientalis_21929 GGGATTACCCGCCGAGTTTAA- A_orientalis_21930 GGGATTACCCGCCGAGTTTAA- A_orientalis_21935 GGTATTACCCGCCG------A_orientalis_21937 GGGATTACCCG------A_orientalis_21938 GGGATTACCCG------A_orientalis_21939 GGGATTACC------A_orientalis_21940 GGGATTACCCGCCGAGTTTAA- A_orientalis_21942 GGGATTACCCGCCGAGTTTAA- A_orientalis_21943 GGGATTACCCGCCG------A_orientalis_21944 GGGATT------A_orientalis_21945 GGGATTACCCG------

104

APPENDIX 5: ndhF data matrix ndhF data set of Acridocarpus (number of taxa = 48, number of characters = 730), where missing data = ?, Gaps = -.

105

000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000 000000000111111111122222222223 333333333444444444455555555556 666666667777777777788888888889 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 Brachylophon_curtisii ??????????tTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA Barnebya_dispar AtTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTtACTTACTTTtGAAGGGCATTTCAATCT TTTTTTTCAAAATTACAg???????????? A_adenophorus ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_alternifolius ATTAACTGCATTTtATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_austrocaledonicus ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_ballyi ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_chevalieri ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_excelsus ATTAACtGCatTTTATAtGtTTCGGGTCTA TTTaCTTACtTTTGAAGGACATTTAaaTcT TTATTtTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAa A_longifolius_25 ?????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? A_longifolius_160 ATTAACCGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_macrocalyx_166 ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_macrocalyx_172c ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_macrocalyx_167 ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_plagiopterus_176 ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_plagiopterus_6 ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAaATCT TTATttTCAAAATTACaGCGGCgAaAaAAA A_natalitius ATTGACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGTGGCGAAAAAAA A_smeathmannii_1 ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGTGGCGAAAAAAA A_smeathmannii_75d ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_smeathmannii_161 ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGTGGCGAAAAAAA A_smeathmannii_168b ATTAACTGCatTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGTGGCGAAAAAAA A_smeathmannii_169 ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGTGGCGAAAAAAA A_staudtii ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_zanzibaricus ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_socotranus_21787 ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGGTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_socotranus_21925 ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGGTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTT?AAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_socotranus_21926 ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGGTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA Acrdiocarpus_orientalis ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_orientalis_21788 ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_orientalis_21789 ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_orientalis_21790 ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_orientalis_21933 ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_orientalis_21934 ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_orientalis_21941 ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_orientalis_21791 ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_orientalis_21792 ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_orientalis_21793 ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_orientalis_21794 ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_orientalis_21929 ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_orientalis_21930 ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_orientalis_21935 ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_orientalis_21937 ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_orientalis_21938 ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_orientalis_21939 ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_orientalis_21940 ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_orientalis_21942 ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_orientalis_21943 ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_orientalis_21944 ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA A_orientalis_21945 ATTAACTGCATTTTATATGTTTCGGGTCTA TTTACTTACTTTTGAAGGACATTTAAATCT TTATTTTCAAAATTACAGCGGCGAAAAAAA

106

000000000111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111 999999999000000000011111111112 222222222333333333344444444445 555555555666666666777777777778 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 Brachylophon_curtisii CAGCTCATTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG GAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACC?????????AATGAC Barnebya_dispar ????????????????????CTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGAATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA ATTTTCTTTATTACCTTTATTAACAATGAC A_adenophorus CAGCTCATTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAACAATGAC A_alternifolius CAGCTCATTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAGCAATGAC A_austrocaledonicus CAGCTCATTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAACAATGAC A_ballyi CAGCTCGTTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAGCAATGAC A_chevalieri CAGCTCATTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAGCAATGAC A_excelsus CAGCTCATTCTATtCAATATCTCTATGGGG GAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATaCTAAAAAAAAA AAttCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAACAATGAC A_longifolius_25 ???????TTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCCAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAGCAATGAC A_longifolius_160 CAACTCATTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAGCAATGAC A_macrocalyx_166 CAGCTCATTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG GAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATGCCTTTATTACCTTTCTTAACAATGAC A_macrocalyx_172c CAGCTCATTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTCTTAACAATGAC A_macrocalyx_167 CAGCTCATTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTCTTAACAATGAC A_plagiopterus_176 CAGCTCATTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTCTTAACAATGAC A_plagiopterus_6 CAGCTcATTCTATTCAATATCACTATGGGG GAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTCTTAACAATGAC A_natalitius CAGCTCGTTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAGCAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAGCAATGAC A_smeathmannii_1 CAGCTCATTCTATTCAATATCTCtATGGGG TAAAgAAGTATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATGCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAACAATGAC A_smeathmannii_75d CAGCTCATTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG GAAAGAAGCATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATGCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAACAATGAC A_smeathmannii_161 CAGCTCATTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGCATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATGCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAACAATGAC A_smeathmannii_168b CAGCTCATTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGCATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATGCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAACAATGAC A_smeathmannii_169 CAGCTCATTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGCATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATGCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAACAATGAC A_staudtii CAGCTCATTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATGCCTTTATTACCTTTCTTAACAATGAC A_zanzibaricus CAGCTCGTTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAGCAATGAC A_socotranus_21787 CAGCTCGTTTTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAGCAATGAC A_socotranus_21925 CAGCTCGTTTTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAGCAATGAC A_socotranus_21926 CAGCTCGTTTTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAGCAATGAC Acrdiocarpus_orientalis CAGCTCGTTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AAttCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAGCAATGAC A_orientalis_21788 CAGCTCGTTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAGCAATGAC A_orientalis_21789 CAGCTCGTTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAGCAATGAC A_orientalis_21790 CAGCTCGTTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAGCAATGAC A_orientalis_21933 CAGCTCGTTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAGCAATGAC A_orientalis_21934 CAGCTCGTTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAGCAATGAC A_orientalis_21941 CAGCTCGTTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAGCAATGAC A_orientalis_21791 CAGCTCGTTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAGCAATGAC A_orientalis_21792 CAGCTCGTTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAGCAATGAC A_orientalis_21793 CAGCTCGTTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAGCAATGAC A_orientalis_21794 CAGCTCGTTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAGCAATGAC A_orientalis_21929 CAGCTCGTTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAGCAATGAC A_orientalis_21930 CAGCTCGTTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAGCAATGAC A_orientalis_21935 CAGCTCGTTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAGCAATGAC A_orientalis_21937 CAGCTCGTTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAGCAATGAC A_orientalis_21938 CAGCTCGTTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAGCAATGAC A_orientalis_21939 CAGCTCGTTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAGCAATGAC A_orientalis_21940 CAGCTCGTTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAGCAATGAC A_orientalis_21942 CAGCTCGTTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAGCAATGAC A_orientalis_21943 CAGCTCGTTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAGCAATGAC A_orientalis_21944 CAGCTCGTTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAGCAATGAC A_orientalis_21945 CAGCTCGTTCTATTCAATATCTCTATGGGG TAAAGAAGGATCAAAAATACTAAAAAAAAA AATTCCTTTATTACCTTTATTAGCAATGAC

107

111111111111111111122222222222 222222222222222222222222222222 222222222222222222222222222222 888888888999999999900000000001 111111111222222222233333333334 444444444555555555566666666677 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 Brachylophon_curtisii TAATAATGAAAAGGCTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAGAAAATATATCAAATTGATGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACGCGTCCCTTTATTACTAT Barnebya_dispar TAATAATGAAAaGGCTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAGAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACGCGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_adenophorus TAATAATGAAAAGGCTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAGAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACGCGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_alternifolius TAATAATGAAAAGACTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACGCGTCCCTTTGTTACTAT A_austrocaledonicus TAATAATGAAAAGGCTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAGAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAACGT AAGAAATATGACGCGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_ballyi TAATAATGAAAAGATTTCTTTTTTT???TT CAAAAAAATATATCAAATCGaCGGtaaTGT AAGAAATATGaCgCgtCCCTTTATTACTAT A_chevalieri TAATAATGAAAAGACTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACGCGTCCCTTTGTTACTAT A_excelsus TAATAATGAAAaGGCTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAGAAAATATATCAAATTGaCGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACGCGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_longifolius_25 TAATAATGAAAAGACTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACGCGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_longifolius_160 TAATAATGAAAAGACTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACGCGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_macrocalyx_166 TAATAATGAAAAGGATTCTCTTTTT???TT GAAGAAAATATATCAAATTGAGGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACGCGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_macrocalyx_172c TAATAATGAAAAGGATTCTCTTTTT???TT GAAGAAAATATATCAAATTGAGGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACGCGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_macrocalyx_167 TAATAATGAAAAGGATTCTCTTTTT???TT GAAGAAAATATATCAAATTGAGGGGAATGT AAGAAATATGACGCGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_plagiopterus_176 TAATAATGAAAAGGATTCTCTTTTT???TT GAAGAAAATATATCAAATTGAGGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACGCGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_plagiopterus_6 TAATAATGAAAAGGATTCTCTTTTT???TT GAAGAAAATATATCAAATTGAGGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACGCGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_natalitius TAATAATGAAAAGATTTCTTTTTTTTTTTT CAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGCCGGGAATGT AAGAAATATGACGCGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_smeathmannii_1 TAATAATGAAAAGACTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACGCGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_smeathmannii_75d TAATAATGAAAAGACTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACGCGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_smeathmannii_161 TAATAATGAAAAGACTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGCCGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACGCGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_smeathmannii_168b TAATAATGAAAAGACTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACGCGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_smeathmannii_169 TAATAATGAAAAGACTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACGCGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_staudtii TAATAATGAAAAGGATTCTCTTTTT???TT GAAGAAAATATATCAAATTGAGGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACGCGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_zanzibaricus TAATAATGAAAAGATTTCTTTTTTT???TT CAAAAAAATATATCAAATCGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACGCGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_socotranus_21787 TAATAATGAAAAGATTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACGCGTCCCTTTATTAGTAT A_socotranus_21925 TAATAATGAAAAGATTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACGCGTCCCTTTATTAGTAT A_socotranus_21926 TAATAATGAAAAGATTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACGCGTCCCTTTATTAGTAT Acrdiocarpus_orientalis TAATAATGAAAAGATTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACACGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_orientalis_21788 TAATAATGAAAAGATTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACACGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_orientalis_21789 TAATAATGAAAAGATTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACACGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_orientalis_21790 TAATAATGAAAAGATTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACACGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_orientalis_21933 TAATAATGAAAAGATTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACACGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_orientalis_21934 TAATAATGAAAAGATTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACACGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_orientalis_21941 TAATAATGAAAAGATTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACACGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_orientalis_21791 TAATAATGAAAAGATTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACACGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_orientalis_21792 TAATAATGAAAAGATTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACACGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_orientalis_21793 TAATAATGAAAAGATTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACACGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_orientalis_21794 TAATAATGAAAAGATTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACACGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_orientalis_21929 TAATAATGAAAAGATTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACACGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_orientalis_21930 TAATAATGAAAAGATTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACACGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_orientalis_21935 TAATAATGAAAAGATTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACACGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_orientalis_21937 TAATAATGAAAAGATTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACACGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_orientalis_21938 TAATAATGAAAAGATTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACACGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_orientalis_21939 TAATAATGAAAAGATTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACACGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_orientalis_21940 TAATAATGAAAAGATTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACACGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_orientalis_21942 TAATAATGAAAAGATTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACACGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_orientalis_21943 TAATAATGAAAAGATTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACACGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_orientalis_21944 TAATAATGAAAAGATTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACACGTCCCTTTATTACTAT A_orientalis_21945 TAATAATGAAAAGATTTCTTTTTTT???TT GAAAAAAATATATCAAATTGACGGTAATGT AAGAAATATGACACGTCCCTTTATTACTAT

108

222222222222222222222222222223 333333333333333333333333333333 333333333333333333333333333333 777777777888888888899999999990 000000000111111111122222222223 333333333444444444455555555556 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 Brachylophon_curtisii TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTTC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGTGTTGGTACTATTTAT Barnebya_dispar AAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTTC CTATCCCCATGAAACGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGTGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_adenophorus TAATAATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTTC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGTGTTAGTACTATTTAC A_alternifolius TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTCC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGTGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_austrocaledonicus TAATAATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTTC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGTGTTAGTACTATTTAC A_ballyi TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTCC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGtGTtGGtACTATTTAC A_chevalieri TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTCC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGTGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_excelsus TAATAATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTTC CTATCCCCATGAAGTGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGTGTTAGTACTATTTAC A_longifolius_25 TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTCC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGTGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_longifolius_160 TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTCC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGTGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_macrocalyx_166 TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTTC CTATCCCCAGGAAGTGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGTGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_macrocalyx_172c TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTTC CTATCCCCATGAAGTGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGTGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_macrocalyx_167 TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTTC CTATCCCCATGAAGTGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGTGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_plagiopterus_176 TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTTC CTATCCCCATGAAGTGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGTGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_plagiopterus_6 TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTTC CTATCCCCATGAAGTGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGTGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_natalitius TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTCC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGTGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_smeathmannii_1 TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATCTTTTTTC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGTGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_smeathmannii_75d TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATCTTTTTTC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGTGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_smeathmannii_161 TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATCTTTTTTC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGTGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_smeathmannii_168b TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATCTTTTTTC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGTGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_smeathmannii_169 TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATCTTTTTTC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGTGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_staudtii TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTTC CTATCCCCATGAAGTGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGTGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_zanzibaricus TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTCC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGTGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_socotranus_21787 TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTCC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGTGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_socotranus_21925 TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTCC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGTGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_socotranus_21926 TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTCC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGTGTTGGTACTATTTAC Acrdiocarpus_orientalis TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTCC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGCGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_orientalis_21788 TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTCC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGCGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_orientalis_21789 TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTCC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGCGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_orientalis_21790 TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTCC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGCGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_orientalis_21933 TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTCC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGCGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_orientalis_21934 TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTCC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGCGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_orientalis_21941 TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTCC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGCGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_orientalis_21791 TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTCC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGCGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_orientalis_21792 TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTCC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGCGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_orientalis_21793 TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTCC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGCGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_orientalis_21794 TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTCC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGCGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_orientalis_21929 TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTCC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGCGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_orientalis_21930 TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTCC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGCGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_orientalis_21935 TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTCC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGCGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_orientalis_21937 TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTCC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGCGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_orientalis_21938 TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTCC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGCGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_orientalis_21939 TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTCC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGCGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_orientalis_21940 TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTCC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGCGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_orientalis_21942 TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTCC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGCGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_orientalis_21943 TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTCC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGCGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_orientalis_21944 TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTCC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGCGTTGGTACTATTTAC A_orientalis_21945 TAATCATTTTTTCACGAAAAATATTTTTCC CTATCCCCATGAAGCGGATAATACTATGTT ATTTCCTATGCTTGCGTTGGTACTATTTAC

109

333333333333333333333333333333 333333333444444444444444444444 444444444444444444444444444444 666666667777777777788888888889 999999999000000000011111111112 222222222333333333344444444445 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 Brachylophon_curtisii TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT GGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC Barnebya_dispar TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAA?????????GAAGGAACTAATTT GGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_adenophorus TTTGTTTATTGGATCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAAGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_alternifolius TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_austrocaledonicus TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAATTGTTAACTCCGTC A_ballyi TTTGTTTATTGgAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_chevalieri TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_excelsus TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_longifolius_25 TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_longifolius_160 TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_macrocalyx_166 TTTATTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT CGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_macrocalyx_172c TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_macrocalyx_167 TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_plagiopterus_176 TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_plagiopterus_6 TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_natalitius TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_smeathmannii_1 TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_smeathmannii_75d TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_smeathmannii_161 TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_smeathmannii_168b TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_smeathmannii_169 TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTCATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_staudtii TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT CGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_zanzibaricus TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_socotranus_21787 TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_socotranus_21925 TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_socotranus_21926 TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC Acrdiocarpus_orientalis TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_orientalis_21788 TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAACCTGTTAACTCCGTC A_orientalis_21789 TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAACCTGTTAACTCCGTC A_orientalis_21790 TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAACCTGTTAACTCCGTC A_orientalis_21933 TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAACCTGTTAACTCCGTC A_orientalis_21934 TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_orientalis_21941 TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAACCTGTTAACTCCGTC A_orientalis_21791 TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_orientalis_21792 TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_orientalis_21793 TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_orientalis_21794 TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_orientalis_21929 TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_orientalis_21930 TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_orientalis_21935 TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_orientalis_21937 TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_orientalis_21938 TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_orientalis_21939 TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_orientalis_21940 TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_orientalis_21942 TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_orientalis_21943 TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_orientalis_21944 TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC A_orientalis_21945 TTTGTTTATTGGAGCTATAGGAGTTCCTTT CAATCAATTCAATCAAGAAGGAAGTAATTT AGATATATTATCCAAACTGTTAACTCCGTC

110

444444444444444444444444444444 444444444444444444455555555555 555555555555555555555555555555 555555555666666666777777777778 888888888999999999900000000001 111111111222222222233333333334 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 Brachylophon_curtisii TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAGTCATTATAACTTTTTT Barnebya_dispar TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAGTCATTATAACTTTTTT A_adenophorus TTTAAATCTTTTACATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAGTCATTATAACTTTTTT A_alternifolius TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAGTCATTATAACTTTTTT A_austrocaledonicus TTTAAATCTTTTACATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAGTCATTATAACTTTTTT A_ballyi TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAGTCATTATAACTTTTTT A_chevalieri TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAGTCATTATAACTTTTTT A_excelsus TTTAAATCTTTTACATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAGTCATTATAACTTTTTT A_longifolius_25 TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAGTCATTATAACTTTTTT A_longifolius_160 TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAGTCATTATAACTTTTTT A_macrocalyx_166 TTTAAATCTTTTACATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAGTCATTATAACTTTTTT A_macrocalyx_172c TTTAAATCTTTTACATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAGTCATTATAACTTTTTT A_macrocalyx_167 TTTAAATCTTTTACATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAGTCATTATAACTTTTTT A_plagiopterus_176 TTTAAATCTTTTACATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAGTCATTATAACTTTTTT A_plagiopterus_6 TTTAAATCTTTTACATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAGTCATTATAACTTTTTT A_natalitius TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAGTCATTATAACTTTTTT A_smeathmannii_1 TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAGTCATTATAACTTTTTT A_smeathmannii_75d TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAGTCATTATAACTTTTTT A_smeathmannii_161 TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAGTCATTATAACTTTTTT A_smeathmannii_168b TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAGTCATTATAACTTTTTT A_smeathmannii_169 TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAGTCATTATAACTTTTTT A_staudtii TTTAAATCTTTTACATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAGTCATTATAACTTTTTT A_zanzibaricus TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAGTCATTATAACTTTTTT A_socotranus_21787 TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAGTCATTATAACTTTTTT A_socotranus_21925 TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAGTCATTATAACTTTTTT A_socotranus_21926 TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAGTCATTATAACTTTTTT Acrdiocarpus_orientalis TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAATCATTATAACTTTTTT A_orientalis_21788 TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAATCATTATAACTTTTTT A_orientalis_21789 TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAATCATTATAACTTTTTT A_orientalis_21790 TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAATCATTATAACTTTTTT A_orientalis_21933 TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAATCATTATAACTTTTTT A_orientalis_21934 TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAATCATTATAACTTTTTT A_orientalis_21941 TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAATCATTATAACTTTTTT A_orientalis_21791 TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAATCATTATAACTTTTTT A_orientalis_21792 TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAATCATTATAACTTTTTT A_orientalis_21793 TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAATCATTATAACTTTTTT A_orientalis_21794 TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAATCATTATAACTTTTTT A_orientalis_21929 TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAATCATTATAACTTTTTT A_orientalis_21930 TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAATCATTATAACTTTTTT A_orientalis_21935 TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAATCATTATAACTTTTTT A_orientalis_21937 TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAATCATTATAACTTTTTT A_orientalis_21938 TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAATCATTATAACTTTTTT A_orientalis_21939 TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAATCATTATAACTTTTTT A_orientalis_21940 TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAATCATTATAACTTTTTT A_orientalis_21942 TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAATCATTATAACTTTTTT A_orientalis_21943 TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAATCATTATAACTTTTTT A_orientalis_21944 TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAATCATTATAACTTTTTT A_orientalis_21945 TTTAAATCTTTTGCATCAAAATGAAAATAA TTCTTTTGATTGGTATGAATTTATAACAAA TGCTATTTTTTCAATCATTATAACTTTTTT

111

555555555555555555555555555555 555555555555555555555555555556 666666666666666666666666666666 444444444555555555566666666677 777777777888888888899999999990 000000000111111111122222222223 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 Brachylophon_curtisii TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTTAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGTCC Barnebya_dispar TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATTGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTACTTAACTCGTTT?????????????? A_adenophorus TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGGCC A_alternifolius TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGGCC A_austrocaledonicus TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGGCC A_ballyi TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGGCC A_chevalieri TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGGCC A_excelsus TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGGCC A_longifolius_25 TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGGCC A_longifolius_160 TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGGCC A_macrocalyx_166 TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCTCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGGCC A_macrocalyx_172c TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCTCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGGCC A_macrocalyx_167 TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCTCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGGCC A_plagiopterus_176 TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCTCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGGCC A_plagiopterus_6 TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCTCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGGCC A_natalitius TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGGCC A_smeathmannii_1 TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGGCC A_smeathmannii_75d TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGGCC A_smeathmannii_161 TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGGCC A_smeathmannii_168b TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGGCC A_smeathmannii_169 TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGGCC A_staudtii TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCTCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGGCC A_zanzibaricus TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGGCC A_socotranus_21787 TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA TTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGACC A_socotranus_21925 TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA TTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGACC A_socotranus_21926 TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTTCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGGCC Acrdiocarpus_orientalis TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGACC A_orientalis_21788 TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGGCC A_orientalis_21789 TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGGCC A_orientalis_21790 TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGGCC A_orientalis_21933 TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGGCC A_orientalis_21934 TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGGCC A_orientalis_21941 TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGGCC A_orientalis_21791 TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGACC A_orientalis_21792 TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGACC A_orientalis_21793 TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGACC A_orientalis_21794 TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGACC A_orientalis_21929 TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGACC A_orientalis_21930 TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGACC A_orientalis_21935 TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGACC A_orientalis_21937 TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGACC A_orientalis_21938 TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGACC A_orientalis_21939 TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGACC A_orientalis_21940 TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGACC A_orientalis_21942 TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGACC A_orientalis_21943 TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGACC A_orientalis_21944 TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGACC A_orientalis_21945 TGGAATATTTATAGCGTCTTCCTTCTATAA ACCTCTTTATTCATCGCTACAAAATTTGAA CTTCCTAAATTCGTTTGCTAAAAAAGGACC

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666666666666666666666666666666 666666666666666666666666666666 666666666777777777777777777777 333333333444444444455555555556 666666667777777777788888888889 999999999000000000011111111112 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 123456789012345678901234567890 Brachylophon_curtisii TAAGAGGGGTAGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGTCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTT??????????????? Barnebya_dispar ?????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? A_adenophorus TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGTCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_alternifolius TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_austrocaledonicus TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGTCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_ballyi TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_chevalieri TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_excelsus TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGTCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_longifolius_25 TAAGAGGGGTTGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_longifolius_160 TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_macrocalyx_166 TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGTCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_macrocalyx_172c TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGTCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_macrocalyx_167 TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGTCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_plagiopterus_176 TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGTCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_plagiopterus_6 TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGTCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_natalitius TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_smeathmannii_1 TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGATAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_smeathmannii_75d TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGATAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_smeathmannii_161 TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGATAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_smeathmannii_168b TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGATAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_smeathmannii_169 TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGATAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_staudtii TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGTCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_zanzibaricus TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_socotranus_21787 TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGC TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_socotranus_21925 TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGC TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_socotranus_21926 TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGC TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT Acrdiocarpus_orientalis TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_orientalis_21788 TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_orientalis_21789 TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_orientalis_21790 TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_orientalis_21933 TAAGGGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_orientalis_21934 TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_orientalis_21941 TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_orientalis_21791 TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_orientalis_21792 TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_orientalis_21793 TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_orientalis_21794 TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_orientalis_21929 TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_orientalis_21930 TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCGTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_orientalis_21935 TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_orientalis_21937 TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_orientalis_21938 TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_orientalis_21939 TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_orientalis_21940 TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_orientalis_21942 TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_orientalis_21943 TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_orientalis_21944 TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT A_orientalis_21945 TAAGAGGGGTCGTTGGGACAAAATAATAGG TGTGATATATGATTGGGCCTATAATCGTGG TTATATCGATGTTTTTTATGCAATATTTTT

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7777777777 2222222223 1234567890 Brachylophon_curtisii ?????????? Barnebya_dispar ?????????? A_adenophorus CATTAAAGGT A_alternifolius CATTAAAGGT A_austrocaledonicus CATTAAAGGT A_ballyi CATTAAAGGT A_chevalieri CATTAAAGGT A_excelsus CATTAAAGGT A_longifolius_25 CATTAAAGGT A_longifolius_160 CATTAAAGGT A_macrocalyx_166 CATTAAAGGT A_macrocalyx_172c CATTAAAGGT A_macrocalyx_167 CATTAAAGGT A_plagiopterus_176 CATTAAAGGT A_plagiopterus_6 CATTAAAGGT A_natalitius CATTAAAGGT A_smeathmannii_1 CATTAAAGGT A_smeathmannii_75d CATTAAAGGT A_smeathmannii_161 CATTAAAGGT A_smeathmannii_168b CATTAAAGGT A_smeathmannii_169 CATTAAAGGT A_staudtii CATTAAAGGT A_zanzibaricus CATTAAAGGT A_socotranus_21787 CATTAAAGGT A_socotranus_21925 CAT?AAAGGA A_socotranus_21926 CAT?AAAGGA Acrdiocarpus_orientalis CATTAAAGGT A_orientalis_21788 CATTAAAGGT A_orientalis_21789 CAT?AAAGG? A_orientalis_21790 CAT?AAAGGT A_orientalis_21933 CATTAAAGGA A_orientalis_21934 CAT?AAAGGT A_orientalis_21941 CATTAAAGGT A_orientalis_21791 CATTAAAGGT A_orientalis_21792 CAT?AAAGGT A_orientalis_21793 CAT?AAAGGT A_orientalis_21794 CAT?AAAGG? A_orientalis_21929 CATTAAAGGT A_orientalis_21930 CAT?AAAGGA A_orientalis_21935 CAT?AAAGGA A_orientalis_21937 CAT?AAAGGA A_orientalis_21938 CAT?AAAGGA A_orientalis_21939 CAT?AAAGGA A_orientalis_21940 CAT?AAAGGA A_orientalis_21942 CAT?AAAGGT A_orientalis_21943 CATTAAAGGT A_orientalis_21944 CAT?AAAGGA A_orientalis_21945 CATTAAAGGT

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APPENDIX 6: Data of specimens used for the distribution maps

Herbaria Acronyms: E= Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Herbarium; ON= Oman National Herbarium; OBG= Oman Botanic Garden Herbarium; SQU= Sultan Qaboos University Herbarium.

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Collector name and Name on Label Source Country Locality Alt (m) Latitude Longitude number Miller, Anthony Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. E OM Dhofar, wadi Ghayz. 150 16°57' 0" N 53°52' 0" E George No. 2692 Whitcombe, R.P. No. Acridocarpus cf. orientalis A.Juss. E OM Dhofar, Wadi Nhart. 30 16°46' N 53°31' E 975 Collenette, I S No. Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. ON OM Dhofar, Wadi Afal 180 16°52' 0" N 53°45' 0" E 8912 Al Issaey. G and Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. OM Dhofar, Wadi Aful 94 16°52' 25.6" N 53°43' 14.5" E Knees. S No. 4 Vesey-Fitzgerald, D Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. ON OM Dhofar, Salalah? Jebel Qara. 17°15' 09" N 54°10' 56" E No. 12738/1A Patzelt, A No. APOM Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. SQU OM Dhofar, Wadi Mughsayl 94 16°52' N 53°43' E 786 Al Issaey. G and Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. OM Dhofar, Wadi Aful 94 16°52' 25.6" N 53°43' 14.5" E Knees. S No. 1 McLeish, Ian No. Dhofar: 3.5 km on road out of Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. E OM 375 16°45' N 53°23' E 1524 Rakhyut. Annette, P No. Dhofar, Jabal Qamar, Wadi Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. OBG OM 87 16°52' 23.44" N 53°43' 19.38" E SDB223 Aful Annette, P No. Dhofar, Jabal Qamar, Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. OBG OM 866 16°44' 54.99" N 53°13' 15.34" E SDB329 Roadsides McLeish, Ian No. Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. E OM Dhofar, Wadi Mughsayl. 16°53' N 53°47' E 1525 Mandaville, J P No. Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. ON OM Wadi Sahtan 510 23°23' N 57°19' E 6204 Wadi from Al Awabi to Jabal Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. McLeish, Ian No. 661 E OM 23°21' 35" N 57°39' 07" E Akhdar Patzelt, A No. AP Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. OBG OM Wadi Muaydin 676 22°59' 21.2382" N 57°40' 21.2412" E 2606 Sven Laser No. AP Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. OBG OM Wadi Muaydin 674 22°59' 52.44" N 57°39' 42.7788" E 2587 Jabal Akhdar, Wadi, Saiq Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. Annette, P No. SDB6 OBG OM 2,304 23°4' 11.28" N 57°39' 23.14" E plateau Gallagher, M.D. No. Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. E OM wadi Bani Khalid, Sharqiyah. 550 22°34' N 59°6' E 6733/1 Patzelt, A No. APOM Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. ON OM Nizwa, Suraya, Saiq plateau 2,304 23°04' N 57°39' E 1601 Knees, Miller & Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. E OM Jabal Akhdar, Wadi Muaydin 674 22°59' 50.28" N 57°59' 458.22" E Patzelt No. KMP3

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Patzelt, A No. AP Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. OBG OM Jabal Bani Jabir, high plateau 1,428 22°50' 1.1" N 59°1' 37" E 3986 Miller, Anthony Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. E OM Izki to Muscat Road. 150 22°56' 0" N 57°46' 0" E George No. 6587 Edmondson, John R. Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. E OM W. Hajar mts: Jabal Akhdar 1,000 23°15' 0" N 57°20' 0" E No. E. 3181 Maconochie, J.R. No. Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. E OM 10 km Sth Ibra. 22°36' 26.53" N 58°32' 2.91" E 3342 On the main Muscat-Nizwa Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. Ash, R.E. No. 68 E OM 375 23°21' 00" N 58°01' 00" E road Al Issaey. G and Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. OM Wadi Tanuf 662 23°03' 40.7" N 57°28' 03.1" E Knees. S No. 8 Al Issaey. G and Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. OM Jabal Shams 1,591 23°8' 2.1012" N 57°24' 23.8998" E Knees. S No. 7 Annette, P No. Ash Sharqiyah, E. Hajar Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. OBG OM 1,503 22°49' 36.51" N 59°5' 49.77" E SDB855 mountains, Jabal Aswad Costley, D No. DC Western Hajar Nakhl, Wadi Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. ON OM 250 23°10' N 57°04' E 542 Bani Kharus. Nienaber-Roberts, C Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. ON OM Yanqul. 700 23°41' N 56°35' E J No. CJNR 0052P Al Issaey. G and Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. OM Wadi Tanuf 634 23°03' 22.7" N 57°28' 03.7" E Knees. S No. 9 Al Issaey. G and Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. OM Jabal Shams 1,593 23°14' 51.7" N 57°09' 37.2" E Knees. S No. 10 Whitcombe, R. No. Wadi Bani Ghafir near Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. E OM 700 23°26' 46.88" N 57°06' 54.68" E 161 Mahbab (W of Rustaq) Al Issaey. G and Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. OM Wadi Bani Auf 431 23°19' 45.1992" N 57°29' 14.7012" E Knees. S No. 5 Annette, P No. Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. OBG OM Wadi Muaydin 674 22°59' 52.44" N 57°39' 42.76" E CDB17 Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. Al-Farsi, A. No. 144 OBG OM Nakhl, Ayn Al-Thawarah. 312 23°22' 31" N 57°49' 42" E Maconochie, J.R. No. Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. E OM 20 Km N. Nizwa 23°06' 19.99" N 57°30' 58.69" E 3091 Annette, A No. Ash Sharqiyah, Jabal Aswad, Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. OBG OM 1,600 22°49' 8.4" N 59°0' 40.35" E SDB852 Jabal Bani Jabir Miller, Anthony G. & Isolated hill near Wadi Musfa, Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. Nyberg, Jane A. No. E OM 500 22°53' 45" N 58°13' 29" E c. 17 km S of Muscat. M. 9544

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Nienaber-Roberts, C Yanqul, graded road to Al 56°25' Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. ON OM 23°44' 30.04" N J No. CJNR 0020P Wuqbah. 09.87" E Al Hatmi, S., Al Hinai, A. & Ash Sharqiyah, Jabal Aswad, 58°55' Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. OBG OM 1,270 22°55' 22.8" N MacKinnon, L. No. Wadi roadsides 49.4" E 49D Muscat, Wadi Thaika (Daiqa), Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. Rubens, T.G. No. 37 E OM 23°12' 13" N 58°59' 4" E S of Qaryat Costley, D No. DC Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. ON OM Wadi Abyad, W. Hajar 150 23°25' N 57°40' E 277 Patzelt, A No. APOM Wadi between Nakhl and Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. SQU OM 360 23°20' N 57°38' E 917 Rustaq. Whitcombe, R. No. 57°45' 59" Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. E OM Middle of Ghubra Bowl 740 23°13' 17" N 2222 E Ghazanfar, S. No. Wadi Ras Shajar, c. 2Km from Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. SQU OM 22°57' 26" N 59°10' 2" E 2734 imah Annette, P No. Muscat, Mountain foothills, 58°33' Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. OBG OM 181 23°33' 36.6" N SDB59 Al Hamriya track 2.04" E Al Issaey. G and 57°23' Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. OBG OM Jabal Shams 934 23°12' 27.6984" N Knees. S No. 6 19.6008" E Lahham, J., et al., No. 57°49' Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. SQU OM Al Nakheel, Al Thowarah 350 23°22' 31.25" N JL-AT-11 42.34" E Ghazanfar, S A No. Nizwa, Birkat al Mauz, Wadi 57°39' Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. ON OM 450 22°55' 30.53" N 3089 Muadin. 38.39" E Bosveld van Rijn, W 124 km route to Nizwa from Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. ON OM 625 23°20' N 57°08' E No. 0004 Muscat. Al Harthy, L & Al 57°41' Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. OBG OM Jabal Akhdar 1,689 23°0' 08.8" N Jabri, T No. 16 56.9" E Al Issaey. G and 53°43' Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. OM Dhofar, Wadi Aful 94 16°52' 25.6" N Knees. S No. 3 14.5" E Radcliffe-Smith, A S.W. of the Sumail Gap 57°21' 68" Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. ON OM 23°07' 44" N No. 3723 nr.Hamma. E Frey, W & Western Hajar Al Awabi, 57°39' 07" Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. Kurschner, H No. 83- ON OM 2,000 23°21' 35" N Wadi Mistal. E 284 Knees, Miller & 57°59' Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. E OM Jabal Akhdar, Wadi Muaydin 674 22°59' 50.28" N Patzelt No. KMP1 458.22" E Annett, P & Al 57°43' Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. Harthy, L No. OBG OM Wadi Mistal 1,731 23°8' 7.8" N 35.7" E CDB124

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Gallagher, M D No. Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. ON OM Wadi Ghul 23°09' N 57°10' E 8050 Al Issaey. G and 53°43' Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. OM Dhofar, Wadi Aful 94 16°52' 25.6" N Knees. S No. 2 14.5" E Ghazanfar, S. & A few km from falaj Sudaryin, 56°28' Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. Evangelista, L.T No. SQU OM 630 23°39' 54.41" N on way to Marri 25.66" E 770 Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. Lahham, J No. JA-6 SQU OM Jabal Akhdar, Misfah 23°14' 2" N 57°7' 47" E

Ash Sharqiyah, Jabal Aswad, 58°55' Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. Al Hatmi, S No. 93 OBG OM 1,270 22°55' 22.8" N Wadi 49.4" E Baushar, c. 20 km SW muscat, 58°23' 22" Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. Rubens, T.G. No. 3 E OM 85 23°31' 54" N Ahore pool E Whitcombe, R.P. No. By track leading to Wadi Bani 59°06' Acridocarpus orientalis A.Juss. E OM 600 22°32' 48" N 291 Khalid, near Sabt. 54.27" E Miller, A.G., et al., Ras Bashorah c 4 km NE of 53°29' 00" Acridocarpus socotranus Oliv. E YE 30 12°41' 00" N No. M.8379 Qalansiyah E Miller, A.G., et al., Wadi deneghan, c. 7 km SE of 54°02' 00" Acridocarpus socotranus Oliv. E YE 380 12°39' 00" N No. M. 8253A Hadiboh. E Miller, A. G.et al., Wadi Daneghan, c 10 km SE 54°02' 00" Acridocarpus socotranus Oliv. E YE 500 12°39' 00" N No. M. 10375A of Hadiboh. E Miller, A.G., et al., N facing escarpment cliffs 54°30' 00" Acridocarpus socotranus Oliv. E YE 350 12°32' 00" N No. M. 8632 below Dihoof E