STD- VII INDIA IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.

Answer these : Q1. When did the rule of the Great Mughals end? Ans- The rule of the great Mughals ended with the death of in 1707A.D.

Q2. Name one Later Mughal ruler whose murder was masterminded by a kingmaker. Ans- was one of the later Mughal rulers whose murder was masterminded by the king makers.

Q3. Name a medieval India banker who got the name Jagat seth. Ans- Fateh Chand got the name of Jagat Seth in Medieval India.

Q4. Which state did Saadat khan govern? Which city become a cultural centre under him and his successors? Ans- Saadat Khan ,a mughal officer was appointed as the Governor of Awadh in 1722. Under Saadat Khan and his successors, Lucknow became a centre of of Art and literature.

Q5. Who started the Asaf Jahi dynasty? Ans- Chin Quilich Khan started the Asaf Jahi dynasty. He got the title of Nizam- Ul- Mulk.

Q6. Which officer become the real ruler of the Marathas by the end of Shahu's reign? Ans- Peshwa become the real ruler of marathas by the end of Shahu's reign.

Q7. In which year was the third battle of Panipat fought? Ans - In year 1761A.D the third battle of Panipat was fought.

Q8. After the death of Guru Gobind Singh, who led the ' struggle against the Mughals? Ans- After the death of Guru Gobind Singh in 1708 ,his follower Banda Bahadur led the Sikhs' struggle against the Mughals.

GURU GOBIND SINGH

Q9. What was the effect of Aurangzeb's prolonged absence from ? Ans- Due to Aurangzeb's prolonged absence from Delhi and his intolerance polices the following impacts were observed: •The Deccan wars drained the Mughal treasury. •Nobles and officials become very powerful in Delhi. •The princes could not be trained in statecraft. * Jats, Satnamis, Rohillas and Sikhs rose up against the Mughals due to the intolerant policies of Aurangzeb.

AURANGZEB Q10. Why were ijaradars appointed in Awadh? Ans- Nawab Saadat Khan appointed certain revenue officers called ijaradars to collect revenue from the cultivators and make time bounded payments to the state. This way the treasury of the state grew rich.

Q11. How did the Marathas anger the Jats, Rohillas and other Indian power? Ans- The Marathas angered the Jats, the Rohillas and even the Nawab of Oudh by raiding their territories and forcing them to pay tribute.

Q12. Name two taxes collected by Shivaji. Ans- The Chauth and Sardeshmukhi were two taxes collected by Shivaji.

Q13. Which organization bound the Sikh misls together? Ans- bounded the Sikhs misls together.

Q14. Who founded the Sikh state of Punjab? Ans- Maharaja Ranjit Singh united the Sikhs living west of river satluj and created the independent state of Punjab.

Q15. Explain how the nobles caused problems for the Later Mughals. Ans- The later Mughals were not as powerful as the greater mughal and faced tremendous problems at the hands of their noble men: •The nobles become so powerful that they conspired to place their favourites on the Mughal . • The Sayyid brothers became the king makers, they even killed two Mughal emperor as Faruk Siyar and Alamgir II and blinded Shah Alam II. •The nobles became so powerful that they conspired to place their favourite on the Mughal Throne • Many of them like Chin Qulich Khan forced the Mughal emperor to give them the loftly titles like Nijam-ul-mulk. • Powerful nobles gradually broke away from the Mughal emperor and set up their own kingdoms.

Q16.Mention the different independent states that arose during the Later Mughals period. Ans -The Independent states that arose during the later Mughal period are : • Bengal. • Awadh • Hyderabad. * The qutba was read in the name of the Mughal Emperor. * The royal coins had the imprint of the Emperor . * However for administrative purposes , these states were independent.

Q17. Why were bankers and moneylenders powerful in Bengal and Awadh? Ans- The bankers and moneylenders were very powerful in the state of Oudh and Bengal because: * They gave loans to traders who traded and paid taxes to the state, thus making it rich. *These bankers were so rich that even the Nawabs took loan from them . * They even financed the British East India company at times. Thus tgese bankers became financially and politically very powerful.

Q18. How did Asaf Jah show his loyalty to the Mughal emperor? Ans- Qilich Khan had been loyal to emperor Faruk Saiyar and had helped him rule. So, he was rewarded with the governor of Deccan and he was given the title of Nizam-ul - Mulk. • He later helped Rangila to get rid of Sayyid brothers. • Mohammad Shah gave him the title of Asaf Jah. • Nizam-ul- Mulk ,Asaf Jah, ruled independently from the Deccan, however he issued coins in the name of Mughal emperor and also read Khutuba( Friday prayer) in the Emperor's name.

Q19. What were the contributions of Sawai Raja Jai Singh? Ans- Maharaja Jai Singh II of Amber was also bestowed with the title of 'Sawai' and made the Governor of Malwa and Mathura by later Mughals. • He set up the city of Jaipur. • He was deeply interested in astronomy and built many observatories at Delhi ,Jaipur, Ujjain, Vanarasi and Mathura.

Q20. Describe the changes in revenue administration in Bengal under Murshid Quli Khan? Ans- Murshid Quli Khan was a very competent administrator . • He transferred Mughal Jagirdars from Bengal to Odisha and took over their land as Crown land. • He got all the cultivable land surveyed and assessed. • He fixed new revenue rates. • Revenue collectors were appointed and they signed contracts to make timely payment to the state . • They later becomes Zamindars. • If they could not collect and pay revenue to king they would take loans from money lenders and bankers. Q21. Whe did Nadir Shah invade India? What were the impacts of his attack? Ans.Nadir Shah invaded India in 1739 A.D. and defeated Mohammed Shah Rangila in the Battle of Karnal. * He unleashed terrible atrocities in Delhi and nearly 50,000 people were killed. * He took huge amount of wealth, the Peacock throne and the Kohinoor diamond from India. * His attack exposed the weakness of the Mughal rule.

NADIR SHAH