42486-018: Madhya Pradesh Urban Services

Initial Environmental Examination

Document Stage: Draft Project Number: 42486-018 May 2020

IND: Madhya Pradesh Urban Services Improvement Program – Additional Financing (Water Supply Improvement in Bamhani Banjar and Niwas Towns) PART A

Package No: MPUSIP-5I

Prepared by Project Management Unit, Madhya Pradesh Urban Development Company, Government of Madhya Pradesh for the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 10 June 2020) Currency unit – Indian rupee (₹) ₹1.00 = $0.0132 $1.00 = ₹75.495

ABBREVIATIONS

AC – asbestos cement ADB – Asian Development Bank ASI – Archeological Survey of India ASO – Assistant Safeguards Officer CFE – consent for establishment CFO – consent for operation CPCB – Central Pollution Control Board EAC – Expert Appraisal Committee EC – Environmental Clearance EHS – Environmental Health & Safety EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment EMP – environmental management plan ESR – elevated service reservoir GOI – Government of India GMP – Government of Madhya Pradesh IEE – Initial Environmental Examination; NP – Nagar Parishad MOEF – Ministry of Environment and Forest MPPCB – Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board MPUDC – Madhya Pradesh Urban Development Company NOC – no objection certificate PE – Polyethylene PHED – Public Health Engineering Department PIU – project implementation unit PMC – project management consultant PMU – project management unit PWD – Public Works Department REA – rapid environmental assessment checklist ROW – right-of-way SEIAA – State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority SPS – Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 UDHD – Urban Development & Housing Department ULB – urban local body WHO – World Health Organization WTP – water treatment plant

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

°C – Degree Celsius km – kilometer LPCD – litres per capita per day m – meter MLD – million liters per day mm – millimeter Nos – numbers km2 – square kilometer

NOTE In this report, "$" refers to United States dollars.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

CONTENTS Page I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. Background 1 B. Purpose of this IEE Report 1 C. Report Structure 2 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 3 A. Project Area 3 B. Existing Water Supply Situation 4 C. Proposed Project 6 D. Implementation Schedule 9 III. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 20 A. ADB Policy 20 B. National Environmental Laws 20 IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 23 A. Methodology Used for Baseline Study 23 B. Baseline Environmental Profile 23 V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 46 A. Introduction 46 B. Pre-Construction Impacts – Design & Location 47 C. Construction Impacts 63 D. Operation and Maintenance Impacts 70 E. Project Benefits 70 VI. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 72 A. Overview 72 B. Public Consultation 72 C. Information Disclosure 74 VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 75 A. Project Specific Grievance Redress Mechanism 75 B. Purpose of the GRM Manual 75 C. Principles 75 D. Nature and scope of Grievance Redress Mechanism under MPUSIP 76 E. Structure of GRM and its Functions 76 F. Process of Grievance Redress Mechanism 79 G. Monitoring and Evaluation systems of GRM 83 H. Action Plan for the formation of the GRM 84 VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 85 A. Implementation Arrangements 85 B. Environmental Management Plan 85 C. EMP Compliance Responsibilities 106 D. Training Needs 108 E. Monitoring and Reporting 109 F. EMP Implementation Cost 110 IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 111

APPENDICES

1. REA Check list –Bamhani Banjar & Niwas Nagar Parishads under Package 5I 2. National Ambient Air Quality Standards 3. Vehicle Exhaust Emission Norms 4. National Ambient Air Quality Standards in Respect of Noise 5. Extract from Construction and Demolition Management Rules, 2016 6. Salient Features of Major Labor Laws Applicable to Establishments Engaged in Construction of Civil Works 7. Drinking Water Standards 8. Sample Grievance Registration Form 9. Sample Outline Spoils (construction waste) Management Plan 10. Sample Outline Traffic Management Plan 11. Sample Environmental Site Inspection Report 12. Quarterly Reporting Format for Assistant Safeguards Officer 13. Summary of Consultations with Stakeholder 14. Hydraulic Design of Weir for Bamhani Banjar Town WSS 15. Consultation details with the Forest Department for Bamhani Banjar WSS 16. IBAT Proximity Screening Report

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Government of Madhya Pradesh with loan funding from Asian Development Bank (ADB) has proposed to implement Madhya Pradesh Urban Services Improvement Project (MPUSIP), herein after referred as ‘the Project’. Madhya Pradesh Urban Development Company Limited (MPUDC) shall be the Implementing Agency and the State Urban Development and Housing Department (UDHD) shall be the executing agency for the Project.

The Project components are as follows:

(i) Component 1: Improvements to water supply and sewerage services in identified towns • Continuous, pressurized, safe and sustainable drinking water through private household metered connections in 59 towns in the State of Madhya Pradesh in Central India; and • Sewage collection and treatment services proposed initially in six Identified towns (Sanchi, Maihar, Dhamnod, Nagda, Khajuraho and Rajnagar) etc.

(ii) Component 2: Institutional Strengthening • Capacity Building of implementing agencies (IAs), participating Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) and service utilities in contract management and service delivery for ensuring long term sustainability of services; • Setting up of geographic information system (GIS) based water and sanitation asset management and service delivery monitoring; and • Structured behavioral change campaigns to ensure the improvement in public health and cost recovery of service delivery

(iii) Component 3: Project Management and Administration Support • This component will support the smooth and effective implementation and operation of the Project which includes expert support in project design and implementation (design, procurement and Contract and Project Management, safeguards etc.), and project administration through Executing and Implementing Agencies.

The additional financing scope, outcome and outputs. The additional financing will (i) expand water supply infrastructure in extra 59 towns and integrated sewage infrastructure in 6 towns; (ii) expand sustained urban infrastructure operation and management in all the towns; and (iii) expand improved institutional effectiveness and strengthened capacity in all project towns and Madhya Pradesh Urban Development Company Limited. The proposed water supply scheme of Bamhani Banjar and Niwas is under Phase- II of MPUSIP. The Government of Madhya Pradesh (GOMP) was represented by the Urban Development and Housing Department (UDHD), the Executing Agency (EA); and MP Urban Development Company Limited (MPUDC), the Implementing Agency (IA). DEA has agreed on the additional loan amount of 299 million to provide water supply coverage to a total of 128 towns.

The Subproject. Bamhani Banjar and Niwas towns are located in the district of Mandla of Madhya Pradesh state. These are small towns, recently upgraded to Nagar Parishad status, and population as per 2011 census was: Bamhani Banjar- 10266 and Niwas- 8248. Improvement of water supply in these towns will be implemented under a single Design-Build-Operate (DBO) contract package. The objective of the subproject is to achieve safe and sustainable water

services both in terms of services to customers, cost recovery, providing 100% coverage with continuous, pressurized and safe drinking water services and achieving progressively increasing cost recovery by expanding the coverage and increasing operating efficiency. The subproject includes the following civil works.

(i) The proposed water supply scheme for Bamhanibanjar Nagar Parishad include following components: (i) weir across Banjar River- 164 meter (m) long and 4 m height; (ii) Intake well- Circular Dia. 6.0 m, Height – 13 m; (iii) raw water pumping station - Vertical Turbine pumps 2, each 5.16 HP pumps (1 no. working + 1no. standby); (iv) Raw water rising main of length 62 m, Dia. 150 millimeter (mm) DI K9; (v) water treatment plant (WTP)- 1.31 million liters per day (MLD) capacity; (vi) Clear water feeder main of 2700 m length and 100-150 mm dia. DI K9 pipes, (vii) Clear water pump- Centrifugal pumps 2, (1 working + 1 standby); (viii) one OHT of 60 kl; and (ix) laying jointing new distribution system of 22,430 m length; (x) 1,656 house service connections.

(ii) The present proposal for Niwas Nagar Parishad water supply scheme include following components: (i) Intake well in Majhgaon Dam- Circular Dia. 6.0 m, Height – 16 m, (iii) Raw water pumping station - Vertical Turbine pumps 2, each 12.50 HP Pumps (1 working + 1 standby), (iv) raw water rising main of length 6735 m, Dia. 150 mm DI K9, (v) WTP- 1.15 MLD capacity; (vi) clear water feeder main of 7,284 m length and 100-150 mm dia. DI K9 pipes, (vii) clear water pump - Centrifugal pumps 2, (1 working + 1 standby), (viii) One OHT of 100 kl; and (ix) Laying jointing new distribution system of 66,199 m length; (x)1202 house service connections.

Screening and assessment of potential impacts. ADB requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of the Bank’s operations, and the requirements for environmental assessment are described in ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009. As per the GOI EIA Notification, 2006, this subproject do not require EIA study or environmental clearance. The potential environmental impacts of the subproject have been assessed using ADB Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist for Water Supply. Then potential negative impacts were identified in relation to pre-construction, construction and operation of the improved infrastructure.

Categorization. Based on results of the assessment and ADB SPS, the subproject is classified as environmental Category B, i.e., the subproject is judged to be unlikely to have significant adverse environmental impacts. An initial environmental examination (IEE) is required to determine whether significant environmental impacts warranting an environmental impact assessment are likely.

This IEE aims to (i) provide critical facts, significant findings, and recommended actions; (ii) present the national and local legal and institutional framework within which the environmental assessment has been carried out; (iii) provide information on existing geographic, ecological, social and temporal context including associated facilities within the subproject’s area of influence; (iv) assess the subproject’s likely positive and negative direct and indirect impacts to physical, biological, socioeconomic, and physical cultural resources in the subproject’s area of influence; (v) identify mitigation measures and any residual negative impacts that cannot be mitigated; (vi) describe the process undertaken during project design to engage stakeholders and the planned information disclosure measures and the process for carrying out consultation with affected people and facilitating their participation during project implementation; (vii) describe the subproject’s grievance redress mechanism for resolving complaints about environmental

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performance; (viii) present the set of mitigation measures to be undertaken to avoid, reduce, mitigate, or compensate for adverse environmental impacts; (ix) to describe the monitoring measures and reporting procedures to ensure early detection of conditions that necessitate particular mitigation measures; and (x) identify indicative costs and who is responsible for carrying out the mitigation and monitoring measures.

Description of the Environment. The subproject component locations are in Bamhani Banjar and Niwas towns and its surroundings. The immediate surroundings were converted into urban use for many years ago, and there is no natural habitat left at the subproject sites. Towns have undulating topography, situated in the Satpura hill region. The elevation of Bahmani Banjar varies from 445 m to 465 m above mean sea level (MSL) while in Niwas, it is from 640-720 m above MSL. Towns experience hot summers, cold winters, and well distributed rains during the monsoon season. Due to elevation, temperature in Niwas during summers is comparatively lower that other areas. Annual rainfall varies from 1085-1140 mm. Region has large extent of hilly forests, however, there are no forests in the project area, and none of the components are located in any forest area. Most of the components are located within the town, in urban area, and the surrounded by agricultural lands. Banjar river flows along the eastern boundary of Bahmani Banjar, and proposed weir location is also near the urban area. For Niwas, it is proposed abstract water from the existing Majhgaon Dam, about 7 km from the town. Raw water pipeline will be laid along a public works department (PWD) road within the right of way. Flora and fauna found in the area is of local species. Aquatic life in the Rivers/dam is limited to local common species.

Site for WTPs including clear water sumps for Niwas town is located within the municipal boundary of the town, while the WTP including clear water sump for Bamhani Banjar town are proposed close to the intake well,. 62 m, away from intake site, with sufficient government land is available. Other components like – OHTs, distribution pipeline network, domestic connections etc., are proposed within the limit of municipal boundary of both the towns. The raw water transmission mains, which are connecting intake well to WTP, will be laid outside the town and clear water transmission mains from WTP to OHTs will be partly outside and partly within the Municipality limit. None of the components however proposed on any forest land. WTPs and OHTs are located on vacant lands, devoid of any tree cover/ vegetation. Pipelines are located along the public roads. There are no sensitive environmental features like forests within the project area. There are no protected areas, forests and archaeological sites in these towns i.e., Bamhani Banjar and Niwas. Nearest protected area, Kanha National Park, about 15 km away from Bahmani Banjar Town, and therefore there will not be any interference or impacts on these places. The soil in the project area is generally falls under the broad group of deep alluvial soils. The project area is surrounded by agricultural areas and no industries are found. The ground water availability in these areas comes under Safe Zone as per Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) report.

The Weir proposed for Bamhani Banjar town WSS will be constructed across river Banjar that flows in the eastern vicinity of the Bamhani Banjar town. River is shallow, and a seasonal river flowing only during monsoon and post monsoon monthsFlow starts with monsoon in July and flow ceases in the month of January. Banjar River is a major tributary of Narmada River. For Niwas WSS intake well will be built on the right bank of Majhgaon Dam, under the control of Water Resources Department, GOMP. It is about 7 km m away from Niwas town. Majhgaon Dam is built across Nagarath River near Majhgaon village. Impoundment of water in the dam started in the year 1979. Nagrath River is a small stream flowing in the vicinity of the town. In both the towns intake well will be proposed on riverbanks/dam (Bamhani Banjar- Banjar river and Niwas- within existing Majhgaon dam), on government lands.

Potential environmental impacts. The subproject is unlikely to cause significant adverse impacts because: (i) relatively small scale as the population and water demand is minimal, (ii) the components will involve straightforward construction and operation, so impacts will be mainly localized; and (iii) predicted impacts are site-specific and likely to be associated with the construction process and are produced because the process is invasive, involving excavation and earth movements.

Potential impacts were identified in relation to location, design, construction and operation of the improved infrastructure. Environmental impacts as being due to the project design or location are not significant. The proposed water supply schemes include design of new water sources nearest surface water bodies, that include construction of intake for both the towns and weir only for Bamhani Banjar town.

Source sustainability. The proposed water supply schemes include design of new water sources, that include construction of weir (for Bamhani Banjar), and drawing of water from Majhgaon dam for Niwas town. Sustainability of Banjar River for supplying water to Bamhni Banjar was analyzed. River Banjar is a major tributary Narmada River, which is one of the largest rivers in India. Banjar River flows in the vicinity of the Bamhani town and forms its eastern boundary. There is a gauging station located on Banjar River on downstream side of the proposed intake location. In the last ten years, the lowest annual flow recorded was 8.33 MCM (2008-09). Water requirement for the project is 1.20 MLD or 0.44 MCM per year. Although the lowest water availability is much higher than the requirement, given the seasonal/ephemeral nature of the river, water availability is not throughout the year. Banjar River is ephemeral, and flows for about 6-7 months a year, with high flow for about 3-4 months a year during monsoon. Flow of the river ceases in the month of January. River almost run dry during the months of February – June, and up to the arrival of monsoon. Hence it is proposed to create a storage in the Banjar River by constructing a weir (164 m wide and 4 m height) across the Banjar River near Bamhani Banjar town for Bamhani Banjar Nagar Parishad WSS. Water requirement for the project is 1.20 MLD or 0.44 MCM per year, so the period for storage has been taken from November to June i.e. eight months (240) days, and the storage requirement is estimated as 0.35 MCM including 20% losses. This is just 4.2% of minimum annual water availability in river over a period of 10 years. About 17 km downstream of the proposed weir, the river joins the perennial large river, Narmada, there are no notable water abstraction points. Water source is therefore considered sustainable and no downstream impacts likely given just a fraction of abstraction.

Proposed weir will be a vented concrete structure, with solid concrete foundation up to sill level, i.e. slightly (~0.1 m) above the river bed level, and above which it will have rectangular open vents with slots to place removable gates up to the required design height; gates will be placed prior to end of high monsoon flows, and will be removed after the onset next monsoon flows. This type of structure allows heavy monsoon flow freely without any obstruction, and also avoids dam silting. This structure impounds water during low or no flow period, and during heavy river flow, gates will be removed. Even though the river is shallow in many places, but the site selected for the proposed weir have deep valley as well as have sufficient cross section to store the water, and water submergence will be within the river course.

For Niwas town WSS, water will be abstracted from the existing Majhgaon Dam, about 7 km from the town. This is an irrigation dam with a total storage of 8.26 MCM, of which 1.26 MCM reserved for drinking water purposes. Water requirement for the project town Niwas is 1.05 MLD or 0.383 mcm per year, which is about 30% of total water reserved for drinking purpose. WRD permission for abstraction from the river is in process. PMU has already discussed with the WRD, and the permission is likely to be issued soon. Source is sustainable, and no conflicts or downstream

impacts envisaged as the water will be duly allocated to the town from the available drinking water reservation.

In the water treatment plants (WTP), it is proposed to recirculate process wastewater (filter backwash water from filter beds and from clariclucculators), which will be sent to a storage tank, and after allowing adequate time for settlement of solids, clarified water will be pumped to WTP inlet. This arrangement will avoid pollution and also minimize wastage of water. Water treatment process will generate sludge from sedimentation of particulate matter in raw water, flocculated and precipitated material resulting from chemical coagulation, residuals of excess chemical dosage, plankton etc; and waste from rinsing and back washing of filter media containing debris, chemical precipitates, straining of organic debris and plankton. Accumulated sludge from Tube Settler, filter backwash etc., will be disposed-off at sludge drying beds for natural drying. Dried sludge will be disposed off in a land fill or used as soil conditioner if it is suitable

During construction, potential negative impacts mainly arise from disturbance of residents, businesses, increase in traffic, increase in noise level and dusts, and the need to dispose moderate quantities of waste soil during construction phase and generation of sludge from the WTP during operation and maintenance phase. However, there are well-developed methods for mitigation, minimization to acceptable levels. Operation phase impacts are likely to be insignificant.

Environmental Management Plan. An environmental management plan (EMP) has been developed to provide mitigation measures to reduce all negative impacts to acceptable levels. Locations and siting of the proposed infrastructures were considered to further reduce impacts. These include (i) locating facilities on government-owned land to avoid the need for land acquisition and relocation of people; and (ii) laying of pipes in RoW alongside main/access roads, to reduce acquisition of land and impacts on livelihoods specifically in densely populated areas of the town.

The EMP includes design measures such as (i) design of small Weir; (ii) wash water recovery for the WTP to reduce effluent to be discharged and safe sludge disposal (iii) energy efficient pumping equipment and (iv) quick leak detection and rectification to save the resources, etc. During construction, the EMP includes mitigation measures such as (i) implementation of traffic management plan in coordination with local traffic police to minimize traffic impacts; (ii) awareness campaigns and consultations to inform residents and businesses of potential disturbances; (iii) provision of walkways and planks over trenches to ensure access will not be impeded; (iv) use of noise-dampening measures in areas with sensitive receptors such as hospitals, schools, places of worships and other silence-zones; (v) use of dust-suppression methods such as watering and/or covering of stockpiles; and (vi) finding beneficial use of excavated materials to extent possible to reduce the quantity that will be disposed off. As for the O&M phase, facilities will need to be repaired from time to time, but environmental impacts will be much less than those of the construction period as the work will be infrequent, affecting small areas only. The design of the WTP includes dewatering and drying areas as part of sludge management. The EMP includes mitigation measures and monitoring plan to ensure compliance to environmental standards during O&M phase.

The EMP will guide the environmentally sound construction of the subproject and ensure efficient lines of communication between Madhya Pradesh Urban Development Company (MPUDC), project management unit (PMU), project implementing unit (PIU), consultants and contractors. The EMP will (i) ensure that the activities are undertaken in a responsible non-detrimental manner; (i) provide a pro-active, feasible and practical working tool to enable the measurement

and monitoring of environmental performance on site; (ii) guide and control the implementation of findings and recommendations of the environmental assessment conducted for the subproject; (iii) detail specific actions deemed necessary to assist in mitigating the environmental impact of the subproject; and (iv) ensure that safety recommendations are complied with. The EMP includes a monitoring program to measure the environmental condition and effectiveness of implementation of the mitigation measures. It will include observations on- and off-site, document checks, and interviews with workers and beneficiaries. Mitigation measures have been developed to reduce all negative impacts to acceptable levels. Mitigation will be assured by a program of environmental monitoring to be conducted during construction. The environmental monitoring program will ensure that all measures are implemented, and will determine whether the environment is protected as intended. It will include observations on- and off-site, document checks, and interviews with workers and beneficiaries. Any requirements for corrective action will be reported to the ADB.

The contractor will be required to submit to PMU, for review and approval, a site environmental plan (SEP) including (i) proposed sites/locations for construction work camps, storage areas, hauling roads, lay down areas, disposal areas for solid and hazardous wastes; (ii) specific mitigation measures following the approved EMP; (iii) monitoring program as per SEP; and (iv) budget for SEP implementation. No works are allowed to commence prior to approval of SEP. A copy of the EMP/approved SEP will be kept on site during the construction period at all times. The EMP included in the bid and contract documents. Non-compliance with, or any deviation from, the conditions set out in this document constitutes a failure in compliance.

Consultation, disclosure and grievance redress mechanism. The stakeholders were involved in developing the IEE through discussions on-site and public consultation at several places in the town, after which views expressed were incorporated into the IEE and in the planning and development of the project. The IEE will be made available at public locations and will be disclosed to a wider audience via the ADB, MPUDC and PMU websites. The consultation process will be continued and expanded during project implementation to ensure that stakeholders are fully engaged in the project and have the opportunity to participate in its development and implementation. A grievance redress mechanism is described within the IEE to ensure any public grievances are addressed quickly.

Implementation Arrangements. Urban Development and Housing Department (UDHD) of Government of Madhya Pradesh is the Executing Agency and Madhya Pradesh Urban Development Company (MPUDC) is the Implementing Agency. Project Management Unit (PMU) attached to MPUDC is responsible for implementation and will be supported by Program Implementation Units (PIUs). Several teams of Design Consultants, and a Program Management Consultant (PMC), will support PMU & PIUs. Infrastructure will be designed, built, and operated by DBO contractor for 10 years, after which it will be transferred to ULBs. Project Officer (Environment) at PMU and Assistant Safeguard Officer (ASO) at each of the PIU will be responsible for environment safeguards tasks and will be supported by PMC. Contractor personnel will include an Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) supervisor.

Monitoring and Reporting. The PMU and PMC will be responsible for monitoring. The PMC will submit quarterly and semi-annual monitoring reports to PMU, and the PMU will review and send the semi-annual monitoring reports to ADB. ADB will post the environmental monitoring reports on its website.

Conclusions and Recommendations. The subproject is therefore unlikely to cause significant adverse impacts. The potential impacts that are associated with design, construction and

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operation can be mitigated to standard levels without difficulty through proper engineering design and the incorporation or application of recommended mitigation measures and procedures. Based on the findings of the IEE, there are no significant impacts and the classification of the project as Category “B” is confirmed. No further special study or detailed environmental impact assessment (EIA) needs to be undertaken to comply with ADB SPS (2009) or GOI EIA Notification (2006). Project will require permission of Water Resources Department (WRD) for water abstraction, Weir/intake construction, and consent of Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board (MPPCB) for WTPs. It will be obtained for both the proposed WTPs. These permissions/approvals shall be obtained prior to award of contracts.

This IEE will be updated during the detailed design stage by the DBO contractor to reflect any changes, amendments and will be reviewed and approved by PMU. The final IEE report will incorporate results of additional baseline monitoring (e.g., air, noise, surface water quality) and be submitted to ADB for approval.

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Background

1. Project background and context. Government of Madhya Pradesh (GoMP) through Government of India (GOI) is negotiating a loan under multi-tranche financing facility (MFF) with the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for the proposed Madhya Pradesh Urban Services Improvement Program (MPUSIP). The Program envisages to deliver:

(i) Continuous, pressurized, safe and sustainable drinking water through private household metered connections in 128 tier II towns in the State; (ii) Sewage and storm water collection and treatment system in 7 identified towns (Sanchi, Khajuraho- Rajnagar, Dhamnod, Mandsaur, Jabalpur II and Maihar); and (iii) Non-physical investments comprising of establishing GIS system, capacity building of participating urban local bodies in contract management, improving local operators’ capability through global partnership and building capacity of the implementing agency, urban local bodies and services utilities for ensuring long term sustainability of services.

2. Tranche II of the program will cover water supply interventions for 64 towns, sewerage and storm water collection system for 5 towns and non-physical investments in the participating local bodies as mentioned above. Subproject for improvement of Bamhni Banjar and Niwas town’s water supply system is proposed under Tranche II.

3. The subproject towns of Bamhani Banjar and Niwas area located in the South- east part of Madhya Pradesh state, and improvement of water supply in these towns is one of the subprojects proposed under MPUSIP. The objective of the subproject is to achieve safe and sustainable water services both in terms of services to customers, cost recovery and conservation of precious water resources. The subproject envisages providing 100% coverage of population with continuous, pressurized and safe drinking water services and achieving progressively increasing cost recovery by expanding the coverage and increasing operating efficiency. The subproject includes civil works (Weir, intakes, WTPs, raw and clear water transmission, storage tanks, distribution network, consumer connections and flow meters), project implementation and management, and non-physical investments. A detailed description of the components is provided in Section III.

B. Purpose of this IEE Report

4. ADB requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of the Bank’s operations, and the requirements for environmental assessment are described in ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009. The potential environmental impacts of the subproject have been assessed using ADB Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist for Water Supply (Appendix 1). Then potential negative impacts were identified in relation to pre-construction, construction and operation of the improved infrastructure, and results of the assessment show that the subproject is unlikely to cause significant adverse impacts. Thus, this initial environmental examination (IEE) has been prepared in accordance with ADB SPS’s requirements for environment category B projects.

5. This IEE is based on the preliminary engineering report prepared by the DPR consultant team namely, “LN Malviya infra Pvt. Ltd.” and will be finalized during implementation stage by DBO contractor to reflect any changes and latest subproject designs. The IEE was based mainly

on field reconnaissance surveys and secondary sources of information. No field monitoring (environmental) survey was conducted however, the environmental monitoring program developed as part of the environmental management plan (EMP) will require the contractors to establish the baseline environmental conditions prior to commencement of civil works. The results will be reported as part of the environmental monitoring report and will be the basis to ensure no degradation will happen during subproject implementation. Stakeholder consultation was an integral part of the IEE.

C. Report Structure

6. This Report contains the following 10 sections:

(i) Executive summary; (ii) Introduction (iii) Description of the project (iv) Policy, legal and administrative framework (v) Description of the environment; (vi) Anticipated environmental impacts and mitigation measures; (vii) Public consultation and information disclosure; (viii) Grievance redress mechanism; (ix) Environmental management plan, and, (x) Conclusion and recommendation.

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

A. Project Area

7. Project area comprises the urban areas and surroundings of Bamhani Banjar and Niwas municipalities in Mandla District, in Madhya Pradesh State. Subproject for improvement of water supply system in the towns of Bamhani Banjar and Niwas is proposed under Tranche II, MPUSIP.

8. Bamhani Banjar subproject town is located in Mandla district. Mandla district is located in south- eastern part of Madhya Pradesh. As per census 2011, population of Bamhni Banjar town is 10266. As per 2011 data, the area of the Bamhani Banjar town is spread over in 8887.00 Ha (8.88 square kilometer [km2]). The town area is divided in 15 wards. Out of the total 15 wards, the highest population is in Ward No 13 while in Ward No 7 is having lowest population.

9. Niwas town is located in Mandla district. Mandla district is located in south- eastern part of Madhya Pradesh. As per census 2011, population of Niwas town is 8248. As per 2011 data, the area of the Niwas town is spread over in 500 Ha (5.00 km2). The town area is divided in 15 wards. Out of the total 15 wards, the highest population is in Ward No 11, while in Ward No 1 is having lowest population

10. The subproject components locations are in Bamhni Banjar and Niwas towns. For Bamhani Banjar town proposed Weir and intake will be located within Banjar River, and the WTP location is on a vacant government land about 62 m away from intake site, outside the town. For Niwas town proposed intake will be located on the bank of existing Majhgaon dam, and the WTP location is on a vacant government land in ward no. 9, within the town. The immediate surroundings were converted into urban use for many years ago, and there is no natural habitat left at the subproject sites. All other components are located within the towns. All the locations of the OHTs and GLSR are government-owned barren land with no notable tree cover.

Figure 1: Madhya Pradesh State Map with subprojects local towns

B. Existing Water Supply Situation

1. Bamhani Banjar

11. Water supply is one of the most critical and important basic urban services. As water is a scarce commodity and the study area has limited water aquifer within its boundary, therefore water supply is a crucial urban service that needs special attention. Though the town is situated along the river Banjar still owing to its non-perennial nature, the main sources for supplying drinking water in the town are the tube wells, which are located in the various parts of the town. There are 4 tube- wells which are used to supply water to the entire population. Apart from this, there are around 9 nos. of Hand-pumps which are located in various parts of the town and are also used as a source of water supply for the town.

12. The per capita water supply per day is about 25 liters per capita per day (LPCD), depending on the different locations of the town. This supply accounts to only 0.34 MLD of daily water supply.

13. The water is being supplied to the town after chlorination. At present there is no water treatment plant (WTP). There are three sump wells of total capacity 240 kiloliter (kl) (1 sump of 80 kl is still not in use, it has been constructed recently) and two overhead tanks of total capacity 350 kl in Bamhani Banjar. One OHT of 150 kl capacity located at Ward No. 2 and another OHT of 200 kl capacity is located in ward no. 14. The condition of two overhead tanks is good. Total capacity of two OHT’s in Bamhani Banjar is 350 kl through which water is supplied to all 10 wards (ward nos. 2,4,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 &15). In rest of five wards water is supplied directly. Water is stored in overhead tanks through pumping from two nos. of sump well each having capacity 80 kl.

14. Bamhani banjar Nagar Parishad supplies approximately 0.34 MLD of water per day. The duration and frequency of water supply is 60 minute per day. The per capita supply of water is 25 LPCD. The total number of household service connections is 1097. Apart from this, 09 hand pumps are catering to water supply. It is observed that the commercial service connections are less numbering to mere 09.

15. The distribution network covers 90 per cent of the developed area but Nagar Parishad is able to use only 50 per cent distribution network due to its bad condition. In water distribution network, CI and GI pipes are used having diameter ranging from 50 mm to 150 mm. There are no AC pipes found in the town as confirmed by Nagar Parishad. The assessment made by the officials at Nagar Parishad, Bamhani banjar suggests that the distribution and transmission losses are about 20 per cent. Water is being supplied for a total of 60 minutes per day. The per capita supply works out to 25 LPCD.

2. Niwas

16. Presently the water supply of the town is based on Surface water source, from River Nagarath located at a distance of about 4-5 km from the town in Bijholi village. Water is distributed to 4 nos. ward by gravity from 100 kl sump near WTP at Laadha Tola (ward no. 8). Apart from this the ULB is also fetching ground water from 6 tube wells for supplying water to the entire population of the town. About 72 hand-pumps are also used by the local people for fulfilling their requirement of potable water for daily purposes. These tube-wells and hand-pumps are located within the ULB limits.

17. The water is being supplied to the town, after treatment from WTP. WTP is not in poor condition and is not considered for future use. There are two sumps well and three overhead tanks in Niwas. Condition of all three tanks is structurally good. But only 30 kl overhead tank is in use. Remaining two overhead tanks are not in use because since the treatment capacity is not sufficient to meet the demand of the town. The Water from tube well is supplied directly to the pipeline. Through 30 kl capacity OHT water is being supplied to ward no. 1 of Niwas Nagar Parishad. One tube well has also been drilled for this OHT.

18. The distribution network covers 50 percent of the developed area. In water distribution network, CI, PVC and GI pipes are used having diameter ranging from 50mm to 200 mm. There are no AC pipes found in the town as confirmed by Nagar Parishad.

19. At present, considering the transmission and distribution loss around 20 %, 25 LPCD

water is supplied in Niwas town. One of the major problems of water supply is the old and small capacity of treatment facility and lowering of ground the water level even up to 183 m. Niwas Nagar Parishad supplies approximately 0.28 ML of water per day from all sources. The duration and frequency of water supply is one hour in alternate day. The per capita supply of water is 25 LPCD.

20. The existing water supply system is very poor and has become obsolete for the present needs. The acute water shortage is affecting the social development of the city adversely.

C. Proposed Project

21. As part of this project, it is proposed to develop comprehensive water supply schemes in both the project towns. Proposals include new water sources, treatment facilities, storage reservoirs, pumping, and transmission and distribution infrastructure. Project will also provide consumer connections with flow meters. Bulk flow meters are proposed at strategic locations to monitor the system performance efficiency.

22. Following Table 1 shows the proposed water supply systems along with nature and size of components in the subproject towns. Figure 2 to Figure 11 show the proposed water systems, component layouts etc.

Table 1: Proposed Water Supply Subproject Components

Particulars Bamhani Banjar Niwas 1 Base year 0.92 MLD 0.76 MLD (2018) 2 Design year 1.06 MLD 0.90 MLD (2033) 3 Ultimate year 1.20 MLD 1.05 MLD (2048) I. Proposed Source 1 Alternatives 1. Ground Water 1. Ground water 2. Narmada River 2. Nagrath River 3. Banjar River 3. Narmada River 4. Majhgaon Dam 2 Selected Banjar River Majhgaon Dam source Weir and Intake well on Banjar river. Intake well within the existing Majhgaon dam. II. Proposed project 1 From source Raw water abstraction from Banjar Raw water abstraction from Majhgaon → to consumer river → raw water transmission raw water transmission (pumping)→ supply (pumping) → treatment → clear water treatment→ clear water transmission transmission (pumping) → storage → (pumping) → storage → distribution → distribution → house connections with house connections with meters meters 2 Water Intake Weir: Dimensions: 4 m height and In the bank of Majhgaon Dam, Arrangement 164 m long weir across Banjar River R.C.C. intake well of 6 m diameter and s near Bamhani Banjar town about 62 m 16 m height to collect and lift water up to away from proposed WTP site. treatment works.

Gross storage capacity: 0.438 MCM

Particulars Bamhani Banjar Niwas Type of weir: a vented concrete structure, with solid concrete foundation up to sill level, i.e. slightly (~0.1 m) above the river bed level, and above which it will have rectangular open vents with slots to place removable gates up to the required design height; gates will be placed prior to end of high monsoon flows, and will be removed after the onset next monsoon flows. This type of structure allows heavy monsoon flow freely without any obstruction, and also avoids dam silting. This structure impounds water during low or no flow period, and during heavy river flow, gates will be removed

3 Raw water The proposed raw water rising main is The proposed raw water rising main is transmission 62 m long 150 mm dia. DI K9 from 6735 m long 150 mm dia. DI K9 from proposed Intake well to proposed proposed Intake well to proposed WTP. WTP. Pipeline will be mostly laid along the

main roads (PWD road). Pipes will be Pipelines will be mostly laid along the laid underground. main road (PWD road). Pipes will be laid underground. 4 WTP Capacity: 1.31 MLD Capacity: 1.15 MLD Process/components (same for all towns): Coagulation &flocculation, sedimentation, rapid gravity filtration, chlorination, wash water recovery, sludge drying beds, tube settlers & miscellaneous infra (compound wall, landscaping, lighting, rest rooms etc.). Location: On Government land near Location: Proposed site located in intake well about 62 m away from Ladhatola in Ward No. 8, within the intake site on Banjar River boundary of Niwas town and is under government possession 5 Reservoirs / 1 OHT of 60 kl capacity 1 OHT of 100 kl capacity and 1 GSR of tanks 60 kl capacity Location: On Govt. land in ward no.5 Location: On Govt. land in ward no.11

and in ward no. 13.

Two Existing OHTs with 150 kl and Three Existing OHTs with 30 kl, 100 kl 200 kl capacity are used in proposed and 150 kl located at ward no. 4, 3 and 5 scheme; these are located at ward no. respectively are used in proposed 2 and 14 respectively scheme. 6 Clear water 2700 m length, 100-150 mm diameter 7284 m length, 100- 150 mm diameter DI transmission DI pipe from WTP to storage pipes from the clear water sump to the reservoirs. proposed OHT, along the main roads. Transmission pipelines will be mostly laid Transmission pipelines will be mostly along the main roads within right of way laid along the main roads within ROW (ROW) of existing roads. Pipes will be laid underground.

Particulars Bamhani Banjar Niwas (PWD road). Pipes will be laid underground.

7 Distribution Total length – 22430 m, HDPE pipes Total length – 66199 m, HDPE pipes. network of diameter 110 - 250 mm Diamet Length Material Diamet Length Material er (m) er (m) (mm) (mm) 110 16,727 HDPE PN 90 19,375 HDPE PN 10 10 140 2363 HDPE PN 110 35,431 HDPE PN 10 10 160 1979 HDPE PN 140 5302 HDPE PN 10 10 180 741 HDPE PN 160 2282 HDPE PN 10 10 200 575 HDPE PN 180 2525 HDPE PN 10 10 250 45 HDPE PN 200 1284 HDPE PN 10 10 Total 22,430 Total 66,199

Location: Pipes will be laid Location: Pipes will be laid underground underground along the public roads; along the public roads; this work will this work will cover entire area of the cover entire area of the towns; in narrow towns; in narrow roads, where there is roads, where there is no place, the no place, the pipeline will be laid within pipeline will be laid within the tarmac; the tarmac; where the roads are very where the roads are very wide (15m or wide (15m or more), the pipelines will more), the pipelines will be laid on both be laid on both sides of the road sides of the road 8 Bulk Water Electromagnetic Bulk flow meter will be installed to monitor the bulk flow in the Meters main components i.e. at the inlet of the raw water mains to know the quantity of water coming to the WTP, outlet of the clear water sump to know the quantity of water going for the distribution, outlet of the service reservoirs to know the quantity of water going in the distribution zone or DMA. This will help in maintaining the UFW in the limit and also equitable distribution of the water. 9 Consumer Domestic – 1,656 nos. Domestic – 1,202 nos. connects with non- domestic - 50 nos. Non- domestic - 50 nos. meters

23. Construction works. Civil works in the project include linear excavation for laying pipes along the roads, placing pipes in the trench and refilling with the excavated soil. The trenches will be of 0.4 m – 0.7 m wide and 0.8 to 1 m depth. Subsequent to completion of works, road reinstatement will be undertaken by the contractor as part of the civil works. The roads in the core city area of both the towns are very narrow and congested with pedestrians and vehicles, while the roads in outer areas are wide. Other civil works in the subproject include construction of Weir & intake well in the reservoir, water treatment plant, water tanks, pumping stations, at the identified sites. These works will be confined to sites, and construction will include general activities like excavation for foundation, construction of foundations, columns, walls and roof in cement concrete and masonry, and fixing of mechanical and electrical fixtures, etc. Construction of weir

will be scheduled during low water level period i.e. late winter months to pre monsoon. Intake well and weir works will be completed prior to start of monsoon. Works will be avoided as far as possible during the river flow period. Jack well cum pump house in the dam will involve construction near the bank, and within the water body. A temporary enclosed area (about 10 m dia) will be created using appropriate material and the water will be pumped out to make the area dry for construction. Once this is created, the rest of the construction will follow the general construction procedures to create a RCC well of size 6 m diameter. Once the work is over, the temporary structure will be removed.

24. Project benefits. The subproject aims to achieve safe and sustainable water services both in terms of services to customers, cost recovery and conservation of precious water resources. The subproject will provide continuous, pressurized and safe drinking water services to entire population of the towns (100% coverage). Besides achieving progressively increasing cost recovery by expanding the coverage and increasing operating efficiency, the subproject will improve the overall environmental quality of the town. It will reduce the reduced time and costs of households in accessing alternative sources of water and will lead to better public health particularly reduction in waterborne and infectious diseases.

D. Implementation Schedule

25. After the approval of the detailed project report, bid has been prepared and tender invited by March 2020, and the contract will be awarded by May 2020. Construction is likely to start in July 2020 and will take about 24 months.

Figure 2: Proposed Water Supply Zones and Transmission System- Bamhni Banjar Town

Figure 3: Google Map showing Proposed Components of WSS – Bamhani Banjar Town

Figure 4: Zone Wise Distribution Network System –Bamhni Banjar Town

Figure 5: Intake Arrangement- Bamhni Banjar Town

Figure 6: Typical Cross section and Plan with and without gate for Weir on Banjar River– Bamhni Banjar town

Figure 7: Typical Cross-Section of Weir – Bamhni Banjar town

Figure 8:Proposed Water Supply Zones and Transmission System- Niwas Town

Figure 9:Google Map showing Proposed Components of WSS – Niwas Town

Figure 10: Intake Well Arrangement- Niwas Town

Figure 11: Layout Plan of WTP of Bamhani Banjar & Niwas Towns

III. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

A. ADB Policy

26. ADB requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of ADB’s operations, and the requirements for environmental assessment are described in ADB SPS, 2009. This states that ADB requires environmental assessment of all ADB investments.

27. Screening and categorization. The nature of the environmental assessment required for a project depends on the significance of its environmental impacts, which are related to the type and location of the project; the sensitivity, scale, nature, and magnitude of its potential impacts; and the availability of cost-effective mitigation measures. Projects are screened for their expected environmental impacts, and are assigned to one of the following four categories:

(i) Category A. Projects could have significant adverse environmental impacts. An EIA is required to address significant impacts; (ii) Category B. Projects could have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree or significance than those in category A. An IEE is required to determine whether significant environmental impacts warranting an EIA are likely. If an EIA is not needed, the IEE is regarded as the final environmental assessment report; (iii) Category C. Projects are unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts. No EIA or IEE is required, although environmental implications are reviewed; and (iv) Category FI. Projects involve a credit line through a financial intermediary or an equity investment in a financial intermediary. The financial intermediary must apply an environmental management system, unless all projects will result in insignificant impacts.

28. Environmental management plan. An EMP, which addresses the potential impacts and risks identified by the environmental assessment, shall be prepared. The level of detail and complexity of the EMP and the priority of the identified measures and actions will be commensurate with the project’s impact and risks.

29. Public disclosure. ADB will post the safeguard documents on its website as well as disclose relevant information in accessible manner in local communities:

(i) for environmental category A projects, draft EIA report at least 120 days before Board consideration; (ii) final or updated EIA and/or IEE upon receipt; and (iii) environmental monitoring reports submitted by the implementing agency during project implementation upon receipt.

B. National Environmental Laws

30. Environmental assessment. The GOI EIA Notification of 2006 (replacing the EIA Notification of 1994), sets out the requirement for Environmental Assessment in India. This states that environmental clearance is required for specified activities/projects, and environmental clearance must be obtained before any construction work or land preparation (except land acquisition) may commence. Projects are categorized as A or B1 or B2 depending on the scale of the project and the nature of its impacts. None of the components of this water supply subproject falls under the ambit of the EIA Notification 2006, and, therefore no category assigned,

and thus no EIA study and environmental clearance required for the subproject.

31. Applicable environmental regulations. Besides EIA Notification 2006, there are various other acts, rules, policies and regulations currently in force in India that deal with environmental issues that could apply to infrastructure development. The specific regulatory compliance requirements of the subproject are shown in Table 2.

Table 2: Applicable Environmental Regulations Law Description Requirement Madhya Prepared in accordance with the National Water Permission of WRD, GOMP: Pradesh State Policy, it states that “for environmental balance, • Construction of weir& intake Water Policy, skillful and planned management of all types of cum pump house and water 2003 developmental activities, economic use on allocation / abstraction from equitable basis and in view of the prime Banjar River for WSS importance of water for all human and other living Bamhani Banjar town beings, an effective and sound water policy is • Construction of intake cum necessary”. pump house and water Policy is detailed in 17 sections dealing with allocation / abstraction from different aspects of water resources. No. 7 deals Majhgaon Dam for WSS with Water Allocation Priorities, and according to Niwas town. which drinking water supply shall have the highest priority followed by irrigation, power, tourism, etc. Water Resource Department is nodal department for permitting different uses of water resources. Policy also states that “clear provision for reservation of drinking water shall be made in irrigation projects” Water Act was enacted to provide for the prevention and For the proposed WTP of (Prevention and control of water pollution and the maintaining or capacity 1.31 MLD for Bamhani Control of restoring of wholesomeness of water, by Central Banjar & 1.15 MLD for Niwas Pollution) Act of and State Pollution Control Boards and for towns require CTE (prior to start 1974, Rules of conferring and assigning to CPCB/SPCBs of constriction) and CTO (prior to 1975, and powers &functions relating to water pollution start of operation) from MPPCB. amendments control. Application has to be submitted Control of water pollution is achieved through online at administering conditions imposed in consent http://www.mppcb.nic.in/xgn.html issued under to this Act. These conditions regulate the quantity and quantity of effluent, the location of discharge and the frequency of monitoring of effluents. Any component of the subproject having the potential to generate sewage or trade effluent will come under its purview. Such projects have to obtain Consent to Establish (CTE) & Consent to Operate (CTO) under Section 25 from Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board (MPPCB) Environment Emissions and discharges from the facilities to be Appendix 2 provides applicable (Protection) Act, created or refurbished or augmented shall standards for ambient air quality. 1986 and CPCB comply with the notified standards Appendix 3 provides vehicular Environmental emission norms Standards.

Law Description Requirement Noise Pollution Rule 3 of the Act specifies ambient air quality Appendix4provides applicable (Regulation and standards in respect of noise for different noise standards. Control) Rules, areas/zones. 2000 amended up to 2010. Municipal Solid Rules to manage municipal solid waste Solid waste generated at Wastes generated; provides rules for segregation, proposed facilities shall be Management storage, collection, processing and disposal. managed and disposed in Rules, 2016 accordance with the MSWM Rules Construction & Rules to manage construction & to waste Construction & demolition waste Demolition resulting from construction, remodeling, repair generated from the project Waste and demolition of any civil structure. Rules define construction shall be managed Management C&D waste as waste comprising of building and disposed as per the rules Rules, 2016 materials, debris resulting from construction, re- (Appendix 5) modeling, repair and demolition of any civil structure. Labor Laws The contractor shall not make employment Appendix 6 provides applicable decisions based upon personal characteristics labor laws including amendments unrelated to job requirements. The contractor issued from time to time shall base the employment relationship upon applicable to establishments equal opportunity and fair treatment and shall not engaged in construction of civil discriminate with respect to aspects of the works. employment relationship, including recruitment and hiring, compensation (including wages and benefits), working conditions and terms of employment or retirement, and discipline. The contractor shall provide equal wages and benefits to men and women for work of equal value or type.

32. ADB SPS, 2009 Requirements. During the design, construction, and operation of the project the PMU and PIUs are required to apply pollution prevention and control technologies and practices consistent with international good practice, as reflected in internationally recognized standards such as the World Bank Group’s Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines. (IFC’s General EHS Guidelines 1 and Sector Specific (Water and Sanitation) Guidelines 2). These standards contain performance levels and measures that are normally acceptable and applicable to projects. When Government of India regulations differ from these levels and measures, the PMU and PIUs will achieve whichever is more stringent. If less stringent levels or measures are appropriate in view of specific project circumstances, the PMU and PIUs will provide full and detailed justification for any proposed alternatives that are consistent with the requirements presented in ADB SPS, 2009. International acceptable air and noise quality guidelines are provided below:

1https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/554e8d80488658e4b76af76a6515bb18/Final%2B%2BGeneral%2BEHS%2BG uidelines.pdf?MOD=AJPERES 2https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/e22c050048855ae0875cd76a6515bb18/Final%2B%2BWater%2Band%2BSani tation.pdf?MOD=AJPERES

Table 3: WHO Ambient Air& Noise Quality Guidelines

IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

A. Methodology Used for Baseline Study

33. Data collection and stakeholder consultations. Data for this study has been primarily collected through literature survey, discussion with stakeholder agencies, and field visits to the proposed subproject sites.

34. The literature survey broadly covered the following:

(i) Project details, reports, maps, and other documents prepared by technical experts of design consultant team; (ii) Discussions with technical experts, municipal authorities, and relevant government agencies like WRD, Forest Department, MPPCB, etc.; (iii) Secondary data from previous project reports & published articles, if any; and (iv) Literature on land use, soil, geology, hydrology, climate, socioeconomic, and planning documents collected from Government agencies and websites.

35. Ocular inspection. Several visits to the project sites were made during IEE preparation period in 2015-2018 to assess the existing environment (physical, biological, and socioeconomic) and gather information with regard to the proposed sites and scale of the proposed project. A separate socioeconomic study was conducted to determine the demographic information, existing service levels, stakeholder needs and priorities.

B. Baseline Environmental Profile

36. Following Table 4, presents the baseline environmental profile of subproject towns of Bamhani Banjar and Niwas. It is organized in terms of physical, ecological, economical, and socio- cultural resources. Relevant data tables, further information, if any, are provided in appendices for further reference.

Table 4: Baseline Environmental Features of the Subproject Towns Baseline characteristic Bamhani Banjar Niwas Location Bamhani banjar is a small town situated in Mandla Niwas is a small town in Mandla district of Madhya Pradesh. district of Madhya Pradesh’s Mahakoshal region. It lies Mandla is situated in the Mahakoshal region. It lies in the upper in the upper and eastern reaches of the Narmada River and eastern reaches of the Narmada River valley. valley. The city is situated along Banjar River; a seasonal The geographical Location of Town “Niwas” is given as below. river and tributary of Narmada River and which defines Latitude - 230 20’ N the eastern boundary of Bamhani Banjar Nagar Longitude - 800 26’ E Parishad. The physiography of Bamhani Banjar consists Town is situated at average elevation of 662 m from Mean Sea of a rugged high table land on the northern slopes of the Level. Satpura mountain ranges. The geographical Location of Town “Bamhani Banjar” is given as below. Latitude- 220 28’40’’ N Longitude- 800 22’12’’ E Connectivity All urban centers exist in a regional context. Bamhani The nearest railway station is Mandla, 60 km from the town, on Banjar is in close proximity to the District Headquarter meter gauge. On broad gauge; Jabalpur station is 64 km away of Mandla and is equidistant from the Divisional from Nagar Parishad Niwas. Mandla adjoins Jabalpur district Headquarter at Jabalpur and another District and Chhattisgarh state. Niwas town is well connected to Headquarter at Balaghat. The distance of Bamhani surrounding towns and villages, and neighbouring state of Banjar from other major towns are- Chattisgarh via Mandla town. Mandla to Bamhani banjar – 20 km Niwas‘s nearest airport is Jabalpur Airport situated at 42.0 km Jabalpur to Bamhani banjar – 147 km distance. The distance of Niwas from other major towns are- Bhopal to Bamhani banjar- 451 km Jabalpur- 69 km Balaghat to Bamhani banjar – 107 Km Bhopal- 378 Km Main road, the state highway 11A and 11B, connecting Mandla- 65 Km Jabalpur to Seoni passing through the town forms the Barela- 49 Km central movement spine, around which the town has been developed. Bamhni Banjar has a railway station. nearest airport is Jabalpur Airport situated at 140 km distance. Area & Population The area of the town is 888.7 ha (8.88 km2) and as per The area of the town is 500 ha (5 km2) and as per census, 2011, census, 2011, population is 10,266. population is 8248.

Topography The town of Bamhani banjar is having undulating The town of Niwas is having undulating topography. There is a topography with ponds, ridges and river flowing nearby. large pond on the northern outskirts of the town. The overall There are six ponds at various locations of the city and slope of the town is towards the River Nagrath, flowing in the also having a major nallah (drain) flowing in the southern eastern part of the town. The elevation varies from 640 m to 720

Baseline characteristic Bamhani Banjar Niwas part of the habitation. The overall slope of the town is m above msl. Due to variation in topography the difference towards the River Banjar flowing in the eastern part of between maximum and minimum slope varies from 24.1% to the town. Town elevation varies from 445 m to 465 m 4.1% within the town above mean sea level (msl). Due to variation in topography the difference between maximum and minimum slope varies from 41% to 6.8% with in the town. Soils & geology The lands of Bamhani banjar primarily hold mixed red The lands of Niwas primarily hold mixed red and black type soils, and black type soils, falling under the world soil falling under the world soil classification of Brown earth. These classification of ―Brown earths‖. These soils develop soils develop from granite gneiss and quartzite schist complexes from granite gneiss and quartzite schist complexes and and are of a rather deep yellow, brown and red colour. are of a rather deep yellow, brown and red colour. The texture includes coarse to medium in texture. Other soils in the area include black cotton soil existing in low-lying areas, and alluvial soil along nalas and streams. Due to weathering, the soil on sloping areas is shallow while in the plains it is quite deep.

Climate The climate of Bamhani Banjar can be divided into three Climate of the town is tropical with moderate winter and severe distinct seasons: Monsoon lasting from mid-June to summers and well distributed rainfall received from southwest September, winters from November to February and monsoon. However due to higher general elevation and summers from March to mid-June. The month of October abundance of forests in the area, summer temperature do not witnesses the transition from monsoon to winter. The city rise as much as in other areas. The city experiences hot summer experiences hot summer and cold winter with and cold winter with temperature ranging from an average low temperature ranging from an average low of around 60C of around 6oC to an average high of around 45oC. Minimum to an average high of around 450 C. Minimum temperature reaches 6oC during winters. temperature reaches 6 degree centigrade during Rainfall: The annual average rainfall in Niwas is 1085 mm. The winters. rains usually break in the month of June, with the maximum number of rainy days experienced during the months of July and august. Wind: The average wind speed is at 15 kms/hr whereas towards the eastern border there is a range of Maikal hills where the average wind speed is at 35 km / hr.

Baseline characteristic Bamhani Banjar Niwas Rainfall: The average annual rainfall in Bamhani Banjar is 1140 mm. The rains usually break in the month of June, with the maximum number of rainy days experienced during the months of July and august. Wind: For majority of a year the monsoon winds blow from South west direction whereas during October to February it blows from North to East. During colder seasons the directions sometimes reverse totally. The average wind speed is @15 km/hr whereas towards the eastern border there is a range of Satpura hills where the average wind speed is @35 km/hr. Surface water The town of Bamhani Banjar is having six ponds at The town of Niwas has a major pond on the northern outskirts of various locations of the city and also having a major the town. nallah flowing in the southern part of the main habitation. Narmada River: Narmada River flows at approximately 15 km River Banjar flows in the eastern part of the town and from the Niwas town. It is Perennial River. forms its eastern boundary. The overall slope of the town Nagrath River: This is a small stream flowing in the vicinity of is towards River Banjar, and runoff flows and joins the the town. It is a seasonal stream and flows only during monsoon river. and post monsoon months. Flow of the stream ceases in the Banjar River: - The Banjar River is a major tributary of month of the November /December. An irrigation dam has been Narmada River. River Banjar meets Narmada River at constructed upstream to the Bijholi Village in this stream near Mandla town (located approx 20 km from Banjar town in Majhgaon village. Only seepage water flows in this stream. north direction). Narmada is one of the largest and most Majhgaon Dam: Majhgaon dam is an irrigation dam and has important interstate rivers in India. It is the largest west been constructed upstream of Nagarath River near Majhgaon flowing river and joins the Arabian Sea. Total length of village. It is about 6,735 m away from the Niwas town. The total Banjar river is 266.7 km. The catchment area of the river live capacity of 8.26 mcm in which for irrigation 7.00 mcm water consists some of the best Sal forests of the district. The is used and rest 1.26 mcm of water is reserved for drinking river Sulkum, locally called a nullah, is a tributary of the water. Banjar River, flows throught the town and joins River Banjar near the town. The Kanha National Park is situated in the upper courses of Narmada, along the banks of the Banjar River.

Narmada River: - Narmada River flows at approximately 13 km from Bamhani Banjar town. It is Perennial River. Narmada River originates from Amarkantak and flows from east to west and joins Arabian Sea. Total drainage area of the river is 98796 km², out of which 85149 km²

Baseline characteristic Bamhani Banjar Niwas lies in Madhya Pradesh after formation of Chhattisgarh, which has 710 km². Total length or river is 1312 km and inMadhya Pradesh the river flows for a length of 1077 km. Major tributaries of the river Narmada are Banjar, Heran, Kolar, Sukta, Tawa, Tendoni, Beda, Sher, Shakkar, Mān, Jobat and Goi, rivers. Groundwater As per CGWB report 2013, for Mandla district is As per CGWB report 2013, for Mandla district is characterized characterized by variety of geological formations by variety of geological formations representing vast period of representing vast period of geological time. The geological time. The Predominant Geological Formations are Predominant Geological Formations are Alluvium, Alluvium, Laterite, Deccan Trap basalts and Lameta formation, Laterite, Deccan Trap basalts and Lameta formation, Archaeans (Granites, Granites Gneisses etc. Major Water Archaeans (Granites, Granites Gneisses etc. Major Bearing Formation are Alluvium sand & Gravels, Water Bearing Formation are Alluvium sand & Gravels, Weathered/vesicular basalt, flow contacts and fractured Weathered/vesicular basalt, flow contacts and fractured basasalt, Lameta Sandstone Weathered & fractures Granites basasalt, Lameta Sandstone Weathered & fractures etc. Granites etc. The pre-monsoon (May 2012) depth to water levels (DTW) The pre-monsoon (May 2012) depth to water levels ranges from 1.90 to 10.70 mbgl. However, in major part the (DTW) ranges from 1.90 to 10.70 mbgl. However, in depth to water level is between 4 and 8 mbgl. The post- major part the depth to water level is between 4 and 8 monsoon (Nov. 2012) depth to water levels (DTW) ranges from mbgl. The post-monsoon (Nov. 2012) depth to water 0.10 to 5.05 mbgl. Analyses of long term groundwater level levels (DTW) ranges from 0.10 to 5.05 mbgl. Analyses trend in last 10 years (May 2003 to May 2012)) of pre-monsoon of long term groundwater level trend in last 10 years period indicate that there is declining trend in the range of 1.34 (May 2003 to May 2012)) of pre-monsoon period to 13.69 m/yr. indicate that there is declining trend in the range of 1.34 to 13.69 m/yr. Dynamic ground water resources of Niwas block have been estimated for base year -2008/09. There are nine assessment Dynamic ground water resources of the district have units (block) in the district which fall under non-command (95 been estimated for base year -2008/09 on block-wise %) and command (5.%- Mandla and Nainpur) sub units. All basis. There are nine assessment units (block) in the blocks of the district including Niwas block are categorized as district which fall under non-command (95 %) and safe blocks, and highest stage of ground water development is command (5.%- Mandla and Nainpur) sub units. All computed as 20 % for Niwas Block. The net ground water blocks of the district are categorized as safe blocks, and availability in the Niwas block is 3467 ham and ground water highest stage of ground water development is draft for all uses is 693 ham, making Stage of Ground water computed as 40.3 % for Mohgaon Block. The net development 20% as a whole for Niwas block. After making ground water availability in the district is 53779 ham and allocation for future domestic and industrial supply for next 25 ground water draft for all uses is 8205ham, making years, balance available ground water for future irrigation would Stage of Ground water development 15% as a whole for

Baseline characteristic Bamhani Banjar Niwas district. After making allocation for future domestic and be 2716 ham of ground water development’s safe limits in the industrial supply for next 25 years, balance available block. ground water for future irrigation would be 44,658 ham at 50 % stage of ground water development’s safe limits Quality of Ground Water: The Electrical conductance ranges in the district. from 406 to 1780 micro mhos per cm at 25°C. The nitrate ranges from 11 mg/l to 143 mg/l. The concentration of Fluoride is high Quality of Ground Water: The Electrical conductance in parts of the district mainly in Mandla and Ghughri blocks. ranges from 406 to 1780 micro mhos per cm at 25°C. The nitrate ranges from 11 mg/l to 143 mg/l. The Also, as per hydro geomorphologic map of the area prepared by concentration of Fluoride is high in parts of the district National Remote Sensing Agency, Department of Space, Govt. mainly in Mandla and Ghughri blocks. of India, Hyderabad, the recharge conditions in the area is Also, as per hydro geomorphologic map of the area moderate. Rock is highly porphyritic basaltic lava flows / prepared by National Remote Sensing Agency, Amarkantak group/Decan trap cretaceous to palaeocene, Department of Space, Govt. of India, Hyderabad, the landform is butte. The HGM of the area is given below in Figure recharge conditions in the area is moderate. Rock is 13. Gneiss-Granitoid complex pediplain moderately weathered. The hydro geomorphologic map of the area is given below in Figure 12. Air quality There is no data on ambient air quality in Bamhani Banjar and Niwas towns, which are not subject to monitoring by the Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board (MPPCB) as there are no major industries. particulate matter is likely to be high, particularly during summer months due to dry weather. Traffic is the only significant pollutant, so levels of oxides of sulphur and nitrogen are likely to be well within the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).

No field monitoring (environmental) survey was conducted however, the environmental monitoring program developed as part of the environmental management plan (EMP) will require the contractors to establish the baseline environmental conditions prior to commencement of civil works. The results will be reported as part of the environmental monitoring report and will be the basis to ensure no degradation will happen during subproject implementation. Ecological Project area mostly comprises urban areas, agricultural Project area mostly comprises urban areas, agricultural areas of areas of Bamhani Banjar town. Niwas. There are no forests or eco- sensitive areas in the project There are hilly forest areas around the town, however area. There are hilly forest areas around the town, however none none of the components are located in the forest areas. of the components are located in the forest areas. Nearest protected area is Kanha National park, and none of the components are located in or close to the The nearest protected area is Kanha National Park, about 80 km protected area. away from Niwas town. There is a fossil garden known as The Kanha National Park is situated in the upper courses Ghughwa Fossil Park which is about 85 km from the town. of Narmada, along the banks of the Banjar River. The area to the east and south is occupied by Kanha national From proposed intake to WTP, RWRM will be laid along the Park and Tiger Reserve. Boundary of the town is 14-15 existing PWD road within ROW. CWFM from WTP to

Baseline characteristic Bamhani Banjar Niwas km from the boundary of the Kanha National Park. An OHTs/GSR to be laid along the main road within RoW. The Land Eco sensitive zone has been notified around the national belong to PWD/Nagar Parishad-Niwas and there is sufficient park, as a buffer zone to the national park. The boundary land for pipe laying. There is no tree cutting involved during of this eco sensitive zone is about 7 km from the project construction period. There is no involvement of forest land or areas. Therefore, there is no interference in the eco required any permission for implementing this project. sensitive zone or national park due to project activities.

Project area is screened and proximity analysis carried out using During the IEE study, consultation has been conducted Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (IBAT) to identify the with the National Park authority and location of the location of protected areas with respect to the project location. project and the boundary of the park and eco sensitive IBAT screening proximity report is attached at Appendix 16. As zone discussed and confirmed that the project location per the proximity report, there are no protected areas or key is away, and there is no likely interference. Written biodiversity areas within 10 km radius of the project area. confirmation letter has been obtained from the authority that none of the project components comes in the eco sensitive zone/national park Refer Fig – 14 & 15, below. Town is about 40 km away from the Khatia Gate of Kanha National Park which is one of the only two entry points to the famed Tiger Reserve. Nainpur forest range is about 12 km away from the town.

Transmission pipelines from intake well to WTP and from WTP to OHTs will be laid along the main existing PWD roads within ROW). Pipes will be laid underground. There is no tree cutting involved during construction period. There is no involvement of forest land or required any permission for implementing this project. Basic info about This protected area is about 14-15 from Bahmani Banjar and about 80 km from Niwas. Basic information of national provided Flora & Fauna of here as a supplemented information, and the park is not under the influence area of the project. Kanha National Kanha Tiger Reserve comprises of Kanha National Park and the Phen Wildlife Sanctuary. It is located in the Mandla Park and Balaghat districts of Madhya Pradesh. The area of the Kanha National Park is 940 square kilometres and that of the Phen Wildlife Sanctuary is 110.74 square kilometers. Hence total area of Kanha Tiger Reserve is 1050.74 km2. The Protected Area possesses a wide range of typical floral and faunal attributes of the central Indian highlands. The boundaries of the Kanha National Park and the Phen Wildlife Sanctuary form the inter-state boundary between Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, with a total length of 49.25 kilometres and 5.35 kilometres. Extent and boundaries of Eco-sensitive Zone. - (1) The extent of Eco-sensitive Zone varies from Zero kilometres (due to interstate boundary) to 30 kilometres around the Kanha Tiger Reserve (Kanha National Park and the Phen Wildlife Sanctuary). The area of the Eco-Sensitive Zone is 1193.829 km2. The map of the Protected Area demarcating the Eco-

Baseline characteristic Bamhani Banjar Niwas sensitive Zone boundary is annexed as Fig-16. Also Refer Google Map Showing ESZ boundary and Boudary of Kanha National Park from Bamhani Banjar Town, which is Annexed as Fig- 15. The Kanha National Park is a part of the Kanha Tiger Reserve in addition to the Buffer Zone, the Phen Wildlife Sanctuary is also administratively under the Kanha Tiger Reserve. The Phen Wildlife Sanctuary harbours typical floral, faunal and physiographical attributes of the Kanha National Park, and lies to the north of the Supkhar range of the park. Such high potential wildlife areas require a special treatment along with a corridor connectivity linking the adjacent wildlife protected areas enjoying a relatively higher degree of protection. Presently, the Kanha National Park, the Buffer Zone and the Phen Wildlife Sanctuary are contiguous to each other, and this corridor has tremendous potential for animal movement. This corridor may also be extended through the Chhattisgarh State to the Achanakmar Tiger Reserve. Flora: The Sal and miscellaneous forests of the Kanha Tiger Resrve (Kanha National Park and the Phen Wildlife Sanctuary) is in an excellent condition with several clear vegetal cover types, and with 850 species of 10 varieties of Angiosperms belonging to 506 genera and 134 families, and 22 species of Pteridophyte belonging to 14 genera and 14 families. The floral diversity also includes 2 species of Gymnosperm belonging to 2 genera and 2 families, with around 50 species of aquatic plants and 18 species of rare plants. The Kanha Tiger Reserve (Kanha National Park and the Phen Wildlife Sanctuary), with surrounding large forested areas, are regarded as parts of a very important tiger landscape and excellent ecological nucleus for the source population of tigers, and fragmentally connected with a few protected areas. They command by far the most promising biological connectivity with the Pench Tiger Reserve and the Achanakmar Tiger Reserve respectively; Fauna: Besides conserving the highly endangered tiger and some other carnivore species, the Sanctuary is also renowned for its excellent grassland habitats sustaining thousands of ungulates of at least 9 major species, including the highly endangered hard ground barasingha. Major fauna of the sanctuary include Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris), Leopard (Panthera pardus), Wild Dog (Cuon alpinus), Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus), Bengal Fox (Vulpes bengalensis), Jungle cat (Felis chaus), Wolf (Canis aureus), Jackal (Canis lupus), Swamp Deer (Rucervus duvaucelii branderi), Gaur (Bos gaurus), Langur (Presbytis entellus), Python (Python molurus), Mouse Deer (Moschiola indica), etc. Economic The main Economic base of Bamhani banjar Agriculture, The main occupation of the population is agriculture and development - and beedi manufacturing (household tobacco industry) . agriculture related activities. Paddy is the main cultivated crop Principal crops of the town are wheat, paddy, soyabean of the town, and the city is also surrounded by forest and many Land use and maize etc. people are also engaged in the forest based employment such Agriculture wood cutting, selling herbs, etc., and many people are also &industry The total workers in Bamhani banjar are classified migrated to the other major cities in the absence of industries. classified into 4 categories based on the census, as The Jabalpur road, Mandla road and Dindori road are meeting Cultivators, Agricultural Labourers, Household Industry at the centre of the town due to which many commercial Workers and Other Workers. Out of total workers in 2001 activities are also operated from this area, in which restaurants, census, Cultivators and Agricultural Labourers constitute shops of daily uses goods, etc. Niwas is a Tehsil Town, and 16.6% and 24.8% respectively and 14% and 31% in that itself essentially means a strong presence of Government 2011. Percentage of people working population in Employees. household industries (5.9% in 2001 and 2% in 2011). In terms of Trade and commerce the town is catering two market Remaining 52.7% in 2001and 53% in 2011 of people zones one near bus stand in ward no 7 and in ward no 9. The

Baseline characteristic Bamhani Banjar Niwas work as other workers which include government town also has a weekly market (Haat bazaar) every Friday. servants, municipal employees, teachers, factory People from nearly 50-60 nearby villages come to this bazaar workers, plantation workers, those engaged in trade, for their weekly purchase commerce, business, transport banking, mining, The town is surrounded by hills and forests which act as Construction, Political or Social work, Priests or physical barrier for the spatial expansion of the town. entertainment artists etc. as per census. Remaining area around the town is almost flat surrounded by agricultural fields. Infrastructure - The old town areas of Bamhani Banjar is characterized Roads are very narrow in the old town. The main roads, where transport by very narrow roads that are frequently congested with there are commercial and transport activities, are congested traffic and pedestrians. In contrast the remainder of the with pedestrians, traffic and activities. The core city area is highly town has a relatively good road system, particularly in congested with narrow streets, vehicles, pedestrians, hawkers the outer areas, where streets are wide and not heavily and vendors. Roads are surface either with bitumen or concrete, used by traffic. Roads are surface either with bitumen or and roads in the outer areas are mostly unpaved. Most of the concrete, and roads in the outer areas are mostly roads are maintained by respective Nagar Parishad except the unpaved. Most of the roads are maintained by respective main roads connecting other towns and villages, which are municipal councils except the main roads connecting maintained by the Public Works Department (PWD). Road the other towns and villages, which are maintained by the condition is generally poor, with many roads in need of repairs Public Works Department (PWD). Road the condition is and resurfacing. Niwas Nagar Parishad is currently improving generally poor, with many roads in need of repairs and some of the important roads in the town. resurfacing. Bamhani Banjar Nagar Parishad is currently improving some of the important roads in the town. Niwas is well connected with other parts of the district through roads. All the Gram Panchayat & block headquarter are linked The connectivity of the city to the neighbouring cities is with the districts headquarter, very good. There is no form of public transportation system in town. Due to There is no form of public transportation system in town. the small size of the town most of commuting in city is either by Due to the small size of the town most of commuting in own vehicles or on foot. There is one only bus stand in the city city is either by own vehicles or on foot. There is a bus which acts as the main. stand in the city which acts as the main Bus terminal & catering private operators. Sewerage, The city does not have an underground sewage system. The city lacks an efficient drainage system which is a major sanitation & Also there is no separate sewerage and storm water cause of flooding even during short spells of Rainfall. Sewage drainage network in the city. In the older residential areas and storm water flows through common open drains. The traditional methods of sewage disposal are still practiced houses have their own Soak pits. Even the pour flush latrines (such as pit latrines). In the newly developed residential and toilets blocks are usually connected to septic tanks which areas, individual septic tanks are being constructed but are further connected to drain/ nallah. Sanitation in the town is the sewage from the septic tanks is released in the open very poor. The sewage flows through open drains which drains. The city also does ultimately flow into low lying areas & agriculture fields of not have a planned storm water management system. the town. There is no form of treatment before disposal.

Baseline characteristic Bamhani Banjar Niwas Solid waste The main sources of waste in Bamhani Banjar city are There is no proper solid waste management system in the town. management individual houses, slums, commercial establishments, Solid waste collection and disposal in the town is the vegetable markets, road sweepings, hospitals and responsibility of Nagar Parishad. Presently Solid Waste household industries. Management practices are highly unsatisfactory. There is no effective system for primary collection of waste in the town. There is no proper solid waste management system in Some part of the town is done by the sweepers of the respective the town. Nagar Parishad is responsible for SWM Nagar Parishad. There is only one tractor used for transportation services their areas. Waste generated in the town are of solid waste. There is no processing of waste is done in the collected and disposed by crude open dumping method town. Disposal is done in most unsatisfactory method. Generally in the outskirts of the towns. crude open dumping is adopted for disposal of waste in low lying areas of the town.

Demographic The Bamhani Banjar Nagar Parishad has population of The Niwas Nagar Parishad has population of 8,248 of which characteristics 10,266 of which 5,159 are males while 5,107 are females 4,185 are males while 4,063 are females as per report released as per report released by Census India 2011. by Census India 2011.

Population of Children with age of 0-6 is 1116 which is Population of Children with age of 0-6 is 998 which is 12.10 % 10.87 % of total population of Bamhani Banjar (NP). of total population of Niwas (NP). Moreover, Child Sex Ratio in Moreover, Child Sex Ratio in Bamhani is around 892 Niwas is around 887 compared to Madhya Pradesh state compared to Madhya Pradesh state average of 918. average of 918.

Female Sex Ratio is of 990 against 1000 males, higher Female Sex Ratio is of 971 against 1000 males, higher than the than the state average of 931. state average of 931.

Literacy rate of Bamhani Banjar city is 84.75 % higher Literacy rate of Niwas city is 78.28 % higher than state average than state average of 69.32 %. In Bamhani, Male literacy of 69.32 %. In Niwas, Male literacy is around 87.42 % while is around 91.40 % while female literacy rate is 78.13 %. female literacy rate is 68.98 %. About 1610 (15.68%) of the population are scheduled tribes (ST) and about 637 (6.20%) belong to scheduled About 3156 (38.26%) of the population are scheduled tribes (ST) castes (SC). and about 650 (7.88%) belong to scheduled castes (SC).

According to the census, the population of Bamhani According to the census, the population of Niwas was 8248 in Banjar was 10266 in 2011, increased from 9612 in 2001, 2011, increased from 7229 in 2001, which shows an increase of which shows an increase of 6.81 % over the decade. The 14.09 % over the decade. The previous decade of 1991-2001 previous decade of 1991-2001 experienced a slightly experienced a slightly high growth of 22.53%. The town area is high growth of 19.52%. The town area is divided in 15 divided in 15 wards. Out of the total 15 wards, the highest wards. Out of the total 15 wards, the highest population population - 811 is in Ward No 11, while Ward No 1 is having - 1559 is in Ward No 13, while Ward No 7 is having lowest population - 406. With an area of 5.00 km2 under the

Baseline characteristic Bamhani Banjar Niwas lowest population - 374.With an area of 8.88 km2 under municipal limits, gross population density is slightly high (1649 the municipal limits, gross population density is slightly persons/ km2), but this varies across the area, as most of this high (1156 persons / km2), but this varies across the area is undeveloped, and in the core area of the town, population area, as most of this area is undeveloped, and in the core is dense. Main language spoken the project areas is Hindi. area of the town, population is dense. Main language spoken the project area is Hindi. History, culture & There are no protected or notable historical, cultural or There are no protected or notable historical, cultural or tourism tourism tourism places in the town. places in the town. Town is about 40 km away from the Khatia Gate of A fossil garden known as Ghughwa Fossil Park, is located at Kanha National Park which is one of the only two entry about 85 km from the town. A famous historical town named as points in the famed Tiger Reserve. Ram Nagar is only 30 km from Mandla city known for the Gondwana Kingdom.

Figure 12: Hydro Geomorphologic (HGM) Map of Bamhani Banjar Town

River flow direction

Figure 13: Hydro Geomorphologic (HGM) Map of Niwas Town

Figure 14: Google Map Showing Protected Areas Nearby Bamhani Banjar Town

Figure 15: Google Map Showing Distance of Kanha National Park from Bamhani Banjar Town

Showing the ESZ Boundar y of Kanha National Park

Showing the Boundary of Kanha National Pak

Figure 16:Google Map Showing Eco-Sensitive Zones Around Kanha National Park

ESZ Boundary

Phen Wild Life Sanctuary

Boundary of National Park Kanha National Park

Buffer Zone

Figure 17: Google Map Showing Protected Areas Nearby Niwas Town

C. Subproject Site Environmental Features

37. Features of the selected subproject sites are presented in the following table.

Table 5: Site Environmental Features – Bamhani Banjar S. No Infrastructure Location & Environmental Features Site Photograph 1 Weir & Intake well To enhance source reliability and cum pump house in sustainability, one weir is proposed Banjar River across Banjar River (64 m length and 4m height) from Bed level at D/S side of Intake well to store the water at the abstraction point. Height of weir is lower than the river banks, and the total storage capacity for 240 days is (0.35 MCM including 20% losses) at ultimate design stage. Weir & Intake well cum pump house will be built in the Banjar River, under the control of Water Resources Department, GOMP. The river Banjar flows in the vicinity of the Bamhani town. River Banjar flowing

in the eastern part of the town. River is shallow. Flow of the river ceases in the month of November & December. The Banjar River is the major tributary of the Narmada. River Banjar meets Narmada from the south It passes through the Mandla District in the state of Madhya Pradesh. Total length of Banjar river 266.7 km. The catchment area of the river contains some of the best Sal forests of the district. The river Sulkum, locally called a nullah, is a tributary of the Banjar River. Site is currently vacant and covered with shrubs and bushes and sparse tree cover. Site is surrounded by agricultural lands. Aquatic life in the river is limited to local specifies of fishes, and aquatic plants. There are no notable sensitive features. Nearest protected area is the Kanha National Park, situated in the upper courses of Narmada, along the banks of the Banjar River, on the upstream of proposed weir. Eco-Sensitive Zone boundary of Kanha National Park is about 7 km away from intake Site. Boundary of Kanha National Park is almost 15 Km from proposed intake & Bamhani Banjar town, features several wild animals including the tiger.

S. No Infrastructure Location & Environmental Features Site Photograph 3 WTP WTP site is located adjacent to the Banjar river about 62 m away from proposed intake well cum pump house and about 1 km away from nearest houses/habitation. Site is owned by Revenue Department GoMP. Land required is 0.5 ha. The land is vacant, unused and without any settlement/ squatter /cultivation. Site is covered with vegetation and trees are on the periphery of the site, which will not be cut down during construction. Site is surrounded by agricultural lands. Site not comes under low lying/ flood prone area OHT One new 60 kl OHT is proposed in zone 3 in ward no. 5 at Khasra no. 410/3. Land is under possession of Nagar Parishad Bamhani Banjar.site is currently vacant,and covered with vegetation and sparse tree cover. One building is adjacent to the site. Construction needs to be done carefully by choosing proper method so that there is no impacts on the building.

5 Transmission Main The transmission main will be within the (RWRM & CWFM) boundary of ULB. The proposed raw water rising main of 62 m long and 150 mm dia. DI K9 from proposed Intake well to proposed WTP laid along the existing road of PWD department. 2700 m length, 100-150 mm diameter DI pipe from WTP to storage reservoirs, along the State Highway 11 and local road under the jurisdiction of ULB. Transmission pipelines from intake well to WTP and from WTP to OHTs will be laid along the main existing PWD roads within ROW). Pipes will be laid underground. There is no tree cutting involved during construction period. RWRM Alignment Photograph

S. No Infrastructure Location & Environmental Features Site Photograph

CWRM Alignment Photograph

6 Distribution network Pipes will be laid within the road right of way (ROW) - in road’s earthen shoulder in wider roads, and within the carriageway in narrow roads, where there is no space. Roads in the Bamhani Banjar are quite broad everywhere and pipelines can be laid easily by the side of road on the earthen shoulder. There are no trees along the road. There is no forest land within the prescribed limit of the town. Hence there is no involvement of forest land or required any permission for implementing this project. There is no tree cutting involved during construction period.

Table 6: Site Environmental Features: Niwas S. No Infrastructure Location & Environmental Features Site Photograph 1 Intake well Intake well will be built in the bank of Majhgaon Dam at right bank, under the control of Water Resources Department, GoMP. It is about 6735 m away from the Niwas town. Majhgaon Dam which is built across Nagarath River near Majhgaon village. Impoundment of water in the dam started in the year 1979. Majhgaon dam is an irrigation dam and has been constructed across Nagarath River near Majhgaon village. Water level in the dam is usually high in the post monsoon season, and recedes with release of water in the period of October /November to January / February. Nagrath River is a small river flowing in the vicinity of the town. But flow of the stream ceases in the month of the November December. Due to construction of irrigation dam upstream to the Bijholi Village in this stream near Majhgaon village, only seepage water flows in this stream.

Aquatic life in the reservoir is limited to local specifies of fishes, and aquatic plants. There are no notable sensitive features.

Raw water pipeline will be laid underground from the jack well intake to WTP site along an existing PWD road 2 WTP WTP of 1.15 MLD capacity is proposed at Ladhatola in ward no. 08 at Khasra No. 587. Land required is 0.5 ha. Site under the possession of Revenue Department, GoMP. Proposed site is vacant, unused and without any settlement/ squatter /cultivation or other use. Site is free from any kinds of vegetation and tree. Only one tree has been report at the site which will not be removed during construction of WTP. Site is surrounded by agricultural fields. Site not comes under low lying/ flood prone area.

S. No Infrastructure Location & Environmental Features Site Photograph 3 Transmission From proposed intake to WTP, RWRM will be Main laid along the existing PWD road within ROW. CWFM of 7284 m from WTP to OHTs/GSR to be laid along the main road within RoW. The Land belong to PWD/Nagar Parishad-Niwas and there is sufficient land for pipe laying. There is no tree cutting involved during construction period.

Transmission pipelines will be mostly laid along the main roads. Pipes will be laid underground.

Photograph of RWRM

Photographs of CWRM 4 OHT – 100 KL OHT of 100 kl capacity is proposed in ward no. 11 at Khasra no. 703. Proposed site is vacant and barren land under the possession of Revenue Department, GoMP. There is no tree cover at the proposed site. Trees and bushes are on the periphery of the site, which will not be removed during implementation. Site is surrounded by agriculture fields. Site is presently covered with rubble.

S. No Infrastructure Location & Environmental Features Site Photograph 5 GSR – 60 KL GSR of 60 kl capacity is proposed in ward no.13 at Khasra no. 176/1. Site is owned by Revenue Department, GoMP. Site is surrounded by agriculture fields. Site is covered with shrubs & vegetation. No tree has been reported.

6 Distribution Pipes will be laid within the road right of way network (28672 (ROW) - in road’s earthen shoulder in wider m) roads, and within the carriageway in narrow roads, where there is no space. Roads in the old part of the town are quite narrow and pipes will be laid mostly in the centre of the road. There is no forest land within the prescribed limit of the town. Hence there is no involvement of Forest land or required any permission for implementing this project. There is no tree cutting involved during construction period.

V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

A. Introduction

38. Potential environmental impacts of the proposed infrastructure components are presented in this section. Measures to minimize/mitigate negative impacts, if any, are recommended along with the agency responsible for implementation. Monitoring actions to be conducted during the implementation phase is also recommended.

39. Screening of potential environmental impacts are categorized into four categories considering subproject phases: location impacts and design impacts (pre-construction phase), construction phase impacts and operations and maintenance phase impacts.

(i) Location impacts include impacts associated with site selection and include loss of on-site biophysical array and encroachment either directly or indirectly on adjacent environments. It also includes impacts on people who will lose their livelihood or any other structures by the development of that site. (ii) Design impacts include impacts arising from Investment Program design, including technology used, scale of operation/throughput, waste production, discharge specifications, pollution sources and ancillary services. (iii) Construction impacts include impacts caused by site clearing, earthworks, machinery, vehicles and workers. Construction site impacts include erosion, dust, noise, traffic congestion and waste production. (iv) O&M impacts include impacts arising from the operation and maintenance activities of the infrastructure facility. These include routine management of operational waste streams, and occupational health and safety issues.

40. Screening of environmental impacts has been based on the impact magnitude (negligible/moderate/severe – in the order of increasing degree) and impact duration (temporary/permanent).

41. This section of the IEE reviews possible project-related impacts, in order to identify issues requiring further attention and screen out issues of no relevance. ADB SPS (2009) require that impacts and risks will be analyzed during pre-construction, construction, and operational stages in the context of the project’s area of influence.

42. The ADB Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist in http://www.adb.org/documents/guidelines/environmental_assessment/eaguidelines002.aspis used to screen project for environmental impacts and to determine the scope of the IEE.

43. In the case of this project (i) most of the individual elements are relatively small and involve straightforward construction and operation, so impacts will be mainly localized and not greatly significant;(ii) proposed water abstraction from the sources is very small compared to overall water availability, and the proposed Weir height and location across Banjar River is identified such that the submergence is confined to river course itself; for Niwas water is being sourced from an existing dam with permission from WRD from water allocated to drinking purposes (iii) most of the predicted impacts are associated with the construction process, and are produced because that process is invasive, involving excavation and earth movements; and some works are located in the reservoir and (iv) being mostly located in an urban area, will not cause direct impact on biodiversity values. The project will be in properties held by the local government and access to the project location is through public rights-of-way and existing roads hence, land acquisition and

47 encroachment on private property will not occur.

B. Pre-Construction Impacts – Design & Location

44. Design of the Proposed Components. Technical design of the (i) intake facilities, including Weir only for Bamhni Banjar town, (ii) water treatment plant; (iii) raw water and clear water mains, (iv) storage reservoirs, and (v) distribution network, connections, flow meters, etc., follows the relevant national planning and design guidelines, focusing on providing a robust system which is easy to operate, sustainable, efficient and economically viable. Besides, the project also included the following environmental considerations:

(i) Discontinuation of current unsustainable groundwater source and creating a new water supply system based on nearest surface water sources; (ii) Recovering backwash water from treatment process; (iii) Treatment and reuse of sludge from treatment process; (iv) Minimizing water losses from pipelines by perfect jointing and alignments using appropriate techniques (HDPE pipes up to 150 mm dia joined by electro fusion couplers using on-site electro fusion welding, and all higher dia pipes by on site butt welding); (v) Designing the entire system to maintain optimal flow and terminal pressure, and optimising the overall energy usage; (vi) Reducing the incidence of water borne diseases by providing 100% population including urban poor with potable water supplies; (vii) Improve water use efficiency and reduce water wastage at household level by recording and monitoring the water usage, and charging the consumers as per usage; due consideration to urban poor; (viii) Minimize unaccounted for water (UFW) losses using district metered area approach with flow meter and pressure logging arrangements to identify and rectify the leaks, and unauthorized connections; and (ix) Using low-noise and energy efficient pumping systems.

45. Water Source Selection, Sustainability and Impacts association with water abstraction. As the subproject, towns are located far from each other there was no possibility of a combined source/ bulk water scheme. Distance of Bamhani Banjar from Niwas town is about 65km. Therefore, independent water supply schemes are proposed for both towns separately based on the most feasible water source considering techno-economic and environmental considerations as elucidated below.

1. Bamhani Banjar Town WSS

46. Source Identification: The following water sources are identified for proposed water supply scheme for Bamhani Banjar; (i) Ground Water Source, (ii) Narmada River, and (iii) Banjar River has been studied, and Banjar River is selected based on the techno-economic and environment considerations as elucidated below.

(i) Groundwater. Presently Bamhni Banjar water supply is primarily based on ground water. Tube wells are the major source of water supply in this Town. There are 4 tube wells in the town. Water is drawn from these tube wells. Total 0.34 ml water is supplied at an average rate of 25 LPCD. But during the summer yield of the tube wells reduces considerably. Drying up of existing tube wells, in the summer months is a common feature in the town. Private tube wells are extra deep ranging

from 150 m to 180 m and even more. The drawl from these tubes well is very high. Hence ground water source is not considered a sustainable source for meeting total projected demand; (ii) Narmada River. There is Narmada River approximately 13 km from the Bamhani Banjar town. It is Perennial River. But bringing water from Narmada River will not be economical proposal. Hence it has not been considered as water source for the town; and (iii) Banjar River: - Banjar River originates from Banjarpur Villages in Chhuikhadan, Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh. The Banjar River is the major tributary of the Narmada. River Banjar meets Narmada from the south. It passes through the Mandla District in the state of Madhya Pradesh. The river Banjar flows in the eastern part of Bamhani Banjar town. Total length of Banjar river 315km. The catchment area of the river contains some of the best Sal forests of the district. The Kanha National Park is situated in the upper courses of Narmada, along the banks of the Banjar River on upstream. Proposed weir is on the downstream of the national park. River is shallow at many places. Flow of the river ceases in the month of November & December.

Figure 18: Origin & Destination of Banjar River

Figure 19: Narmada River Basin Map Showing Banjar River & Gauging Station on Banjar River at Bamni Site

Guaging Location & Water Quality Monitoring site on Banjar River at Bamhani Site by CWC

Banjar River Origin & Destination

47. River Flow. Banjar River is an ephemeral with very high flow during monsoon period in the month of July and August and reduces significantly in the month of November and December and very low flow during January. River runs dry during the months of February – June, and up to the arrival of monsoon as mention in Table 7, below. A river gauging station is located on Banjar River on downstream side of the proposed weir/intake location (approx.10 km downstream). Observed Discharge Data Banjar River was collected from Integrated Hydrological Data Book (Jan 2015), Central Water Commission (CWC), Government of India, New Delhi, for last 10 years from year 2002–2012 and analysed. The summary is given below in Table 7.

Table 7: Baseline Information of Banjar River Length of River List any River flow Characteristics Total from dams/weirs Very Low – Name length Origin to u/s of high Medium very low Complete of of Proposed proposed Ephemeral flow High flow flow flow dry Location River River weir Site weir site / Perennial period period period period period February Bamhni November January 315 July & September to June Banjar Banjar 298 km N.A. Ephemeral to to km August to October Town January February Source: DPR Consultant.

Table 8: Volume of Banjar River at Bamhni Banjar Location Unit- MCM Site 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 2007- 2008- 2009- 2010- 2011- 2012- 2013- Name Season 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 Monsoon 584.15 1360.08 700.16 1342.18 670 545.82 483.95 246.85 460.09 707.3 476 1260 Bamni Non- 56 116 Monsoon 13.6 39.16 16.81 89.38 27.6 21.84 8.33 23.35 16.56 37.65 Annual 597.75 1399.24 716.97 1431.55 697.6 567.66 492.28 270.2 476.65 744.95 532 1376 Source: Integrated Hydrological Data Book (Jan 2017), CWC, New Delhi.

48. Finalization of Source: From the above river Discharge Guage analysis it is observed that minimum volume in Banjar River in last 10 years at Bamhani was 8.33 MCM, while the estimated requirement of WSS for the ultimate design year (2048) is 1.20 MLD or 0.44 MCM, which is about 0.87%. of the water required for design period. Since it is in the vicinity of Bamhni Banjar town, it is adopted as sustainable water source for the proposed water supply scheme of Bamhani Banjar town.

49. Requirement of Weir. Banjar river is a major tributary of River Narmada. There is a gauging station located on Banjar River on downstream side of the proposed intake location. As presented in the above Table 8, in the last ten years, the lowest annual flow recorded was 8.33 MCM (2008-09). Water requirement for the project is 1.20 MLD or 0.44 MCM per year. Although the lowest water availability is much higher than the requirement, given the seasonal/ephemeral nature of the river, water availability is not throughout the year. As per information provided local persons/officers with knowledge of river in local conditions around the proposed intake site and discussion with the WRD and municipal staff managing water supply, and the local people, indicate that Banjar River is ephemeral, and flows for about 6-7 months a year, with high flow for about 3-4 months a year during monsoon. Flow of the river ceases in the month of January. River almost run dry during the months of February – June, and up to the arrival of monsoon. Due to this, as the flow started to reduce from November, and up to the next monsoon season, raw water storage is required to meet the demand of this lean flow/no flow period. Hence it is proposed to create a storage in the Banjar River by constructing a weir (164 m wide and 4 m height) across the Banjar River near Bamhani Banjar town for Bamhani Banjar Nagar Parishad WSS. Water

requirement for the project is 1.20 MLD or 0.44 MCM per year, so the period for storage has been taken from November to June i.e. eight months (240) days, and the storage requirement is estimated as 0.35 MCM including 20% losses. It will be sufficient for storing of require amount of water (0.35 mcm including 20% losses) at ultimate stage.

Requirement of water for 365 days i.e. = 365 * 1.20 MLD 1 January to 31 December (12 months) = 438 MLD = 0.438 MCM Requirement of water for 240 days i.e. (8 months) = 0.438*240/365 = 0.288 MCM Total storage required for 240 days with 20% losses = 0.288*1.20 = 0.35 MCM

Table 9: Details of volume with contour height for Weir Cumulative Cumulative Contour Area Volume Volume Volume in MCM 438 25,923 439 110,596 68,259.5 68,259.5 0.0682595 440 222,041 166,318.5 234,578 0.234578 441 311,129 266,585 501,163 0.501163 442 363,258 337,193.5 838,356.5 0.8383565 443 389,790 376,524 1,214,880.5 1.2148805 444 413,477 401,633.5 1,616,514 1.616514 445 440,256 426,866.5 2,043,380.5 2.0433805

Figure 20: Capacity Curve of Weir on Banjar River

Table 10: Design of Weir in the Banjar River at Bamhani

50. For the construction of weir on Banjar River, near Bamhani site has been selected considering the distance and also the valley in the Banjar River is quite sufficient for construction

of weir and to store the water. Proposed Weir site is located in Mandla district about 0.5 -1.0 km away from Bamhani Banjar town. For the selected location of weir, the water catchment area is coming 1864 km2 as given in Table 11, below. The proposed length of weir is 164 m and height is 4 m.

Figure 21: Google Map Showing Narmada River, Banjar River and Bamhani Banjar Town

Proposed Anicut

Proposed Intake

51. Source Water Sustainability and Environmental Considerations: Although the Banjar River is ephemeral & major tributary of River Narmada, Banjar River has its separate catchment. Catchment area of Banjar River is 1864 km2 at Bamhani site. As stated above, the water requirement of the town is just 4.2% of the minimum annual water availability recorded in a period of 10 years. The proposed weir location is about 17 km from the river joining point with Narmada, a perennial large river. There are no notable water abstraction points in the downstream. Even though the river is shallow in many places but the site selected for the proposed weir have deep valley as well as have sufficient cross section to store the water. It is also considered that the weir height should be as low as possible so that the submergence is limited to the river course, and it is found that there shall be no any submergence when the height of weir (stop dam) is kept at 4 m at proposed site on River Banjar. On the basis of area basin survey, it is estimated that this dam will have a storage capacity of 0.35 MCM, which can meet the above lean period demand, and will be sufficient for about 240 days only. Referring to Table 9 and 11, given above – For required storage capacity of weir for 08 months of water demand. (for detailed hydraulic design

of weir referring to Appendix 14).

Figure 22: Catchment Area of River Banjar

52. Impacts due to Weir on downstream users and ecosystem: As discussed above the river flow has very high seasonal variation, with significant flows in monsoon – post monsoon to very low flows in summer. The flow in the river reduced in the month of the November to December and gets dry after January up to the next monsoon season. The proposed dam to store the water requirement for the low-flow period of 8 months is a small stop dam, height (4m from the bed level (437 m) of the river; which is lower than the river banks and much below the HFL (448 m) of the River as the height of dam will be up to the level of 441m, which is 7m below from HFL of River. The total storage capacity of weir is 0.35 MCM. The height of the dam (4m) to store required water is fixed in such way that top level of structure is well below the High Flood Level of the river as the HFL (448 m) of the river is 11m above from the bed level (437 m) of river and height of the dam is 7 m below from HFL. The height of the banks of the river are much above the H.F.L. of river, as the height of river bank is about 13 m from the bed level of the river (see photograph of River Banjar appended as Figure 23) and submergence / storage is confined to river course itself, hence there will not be submergence on the upstream. Dam will be a vented concrete structure, with solid concrete foundation up to sill level, i.e. slightly (~0.1 m) above the river bed level, and above which it will have rectangular open vents with slots to place removable gates up to the required design height; gates will be placed prior to end of high monsoon flows, and will be removed after the onset next monsoon flows as shown in drawings annexed as Figure 6 and 7. This type of structure allows heavy monsoon flow freely without any obstruction, and also avoids dam silting. This structure impounds water during low or no flow period, and during heavy river flow, gates will be removed. Given very small storage, dam will be filled at the first monsoon flow itself, and will continue to be full throughout the year, and the water coming from the upstream will overflow freely, and flow downstream without any hindrance. Therefore, the change in flow regime due to this small dam will be negligible. Hence no impact envisaged on downstream side.

Figure 23: Site Photograph of Banjar River at Proposed Weir Site

53. There is no notable, protected or unique aquatic life in the river, and the fish is limited to local varieties (such as Dingra, Roh, Paril, and Loch and water snakes). There is no commercial fishing taking place in this stretch of the river. The catchment area of the river contains some of the best Sal forests of the district. The Kanha National Park is situated in the upper courses of Narmada, along the banks of the Banjar River on upstream of proposed weir site. There are also no notable water abstraction points or users in the downstream of the dam. There is no such industry or town situated in this patch of river, only few agriculture fields are found. As there will be no notable change in the river flow regime, no impacts envisaged on downstream users or river ecosystem. The proposed impoundment, in fact, is likely to benefit the environment through groundwater recharge and propagating aquatic life.

54. Banjar River Water Quality. The catchment area is mostly characterized by agricultural and barren lands, and forest areas. There are no polluting sources like industries or mining in the catchment areas around the proposed Intake site at Bamni site. Habitations are limited to small villages; Mandla town is the main city in this basin approx. 11 km downstream from proposed intake well location, Existing water quality of Banjar River is good, as per MPPCB Banjar river water quality at Raipur Road, Madla comes under category -”C” River and is suitable for domestic supply after conventional treatment and disinfection, which is proposed in the project is adequate to make the water usable for drinking purposes. A regular water quality regime needs to be established for checking the raw water quality. The water supplied to the consumers at all-time must meet the drinking water standards (Appendix 7). During project preparation water quality test not done by DPR Consultant and not available at this stage. it will be done during detailed design stage by DBO Contractor and surface water quality monitoring has been included in monitoring plan. Water quality data provided by CWC for the years 2010-2011, 2011-2012 and 2013-2014 (the monitoring location is about 500 m upstream of proposed weir site, for details Refer Table 11 to 13), indicated that all the parameters of water quality in comparison with drinking water standards are well within the limits, however, raw water shows presence of BOD, the maximum BOD (2.2 mg/l) & Minimum BOD (0.3 mg/l). There are no wastewater drains joining the upstream side of the weir location, and local information indicated, may be due to presence of cattle, grazing lands along the river, and entry of cattle into river for drinking purpose may be the reason for BOD. Nevertheless, the BOD values are low. Conventional water treatment and

56 disinfection which is proposed in the project is adequate to make the water usable for drinking purpose.

Table 11: Banjar River Quality at “Bamhani” Site During 2010-2011, 2011-2012 and 2013- 2014 Drinking Water Parameters Year Bamhani Standards* Min 2010-2011 27 Max 29 Min 16 Temperature, oC 2011-2012 Max 26.5 Min 16 2013-2014 Max 24 Min 7.6 2010-2011 Max 7.8 Min 7.9 pH 2011-2012 6.5-8.5 Max 8.3 Min 7.50 2013-2014 Max 8.20 Min - 2010-2011 Max 86 Min 55 Total hardness (mg/l) 2011-2012 300 - 600 Max 107 Min 49 2013-2014 Max 96 Min 16 2010-2011 Max 23 Min 11 Calcium (mg/l) 2011-20212 75 - 200 Max 28 Min 11 2013-2014 Max 24 Min 2.7 2010-2011 Max 7.1 Magnesium (mg/l) Min 4.1 2011-2012 30 - 100 Max 10.7 Min 2.70 2013-2014 Max 9.20 Min 4.7 2010-2011 Max 8.1 Min 4.8 Chlorides (mg/l) 2011-2012 250 - 1000 Max 16.3 Min 4.20 2013-2014 Max 14.90

Min 27.9 2010-2011 Max 33.4 Min 4.1 Sulphate (mg/l) 2011-2012 200 - 400 Max 10 Min 6.50 2013-2014 Max 13.20 Min 0.26 2010-2011 Max 0.42 Min 0.08 Fluoride (mg/l) 2011-2012 1.0 - 1.5 Max 0.34 Min 0.03 2013-2014 Max 0.54 Min 0.82 2010-2011 Max 1.34 Min 0.08 Nitrate (mg/l) 2011-2012 45 - 100 Max 3.2 Min 0.05 2013-2014 Max 0.80 Min 4.1 2010-2011 Max 5.5 Min 4.7 DO (mg/l) 2011-2012 Max 7 Min 4.80 2013-2014 Max 7.70 Min 0.4 2010-2011 Max 2 Min 0.1 BOD3-270C (mg/l) 2011-2012 Max 2.2 Min 0.30 2013-2014 Max 1.30 Source: Water Quality Yearbook (Narmada Basin) for the period of (2010-2011 to 2011-2012 and 2013- 2014)

Table 12: Critical Absolute Values of Water Quality Parameters Crossing Tolerance Limits for class A by Season during 2013-2014 Winter Summer.0 Monsoon (November to (March to June) (July to October) February) Value Value Site Name Value Date (mg/l) Date (mg/l) Date

Bamni BOD=2.0 03.09.2010 DO=4.9 01.11.2010 DO=4.1 01.07.2010 DO=5.5 02.08.2010

DO=5.0 01.09.2010

Winter Summer.0 Monsoon (November to (March to June) (July to October) February) Value Value Site Name Value Date (mg/l) Date (mg/l) Date DO=4.7 04.10.2010 BOD=2.2 01.08.2011 DO=4.7 01.11.2011 DO=5.6 01.08.2011 DO=4.9 01.12.2011 DO=5.3 02.09.2011 DO=4.0 02.01.2012 DO=5.5 03.10.2011 DO=4.8 01/07/2013 DO=6.0 01/08/2013 DO=6.0 02/09/2013

Source: Water Quality Data Book (June 2010 to May 2011, June 2011 to May 2012 to June 2013 to May 2014) at Banjar River, Narmada Basin.

2. Niwas Town WSS

55. Source Identification: The following water sources are identified for proposed water supply scheme for Niwas town; (i) Ground Water Source, (ii) Narmada River, (iii) Nagrath River, and (iv) Majhgaon Dam has been studied, and Majhgaon Dam is selected based on the techno- economic and environment considerations as elucidated below.

(i) Groundwater. Presently Niwas water supply is based on surface water & ground water. A small capacity water treatment plant is located near village Bijholi. Seepage water from the dam on the river Nagrath flows to the Bijholi. Here it treated and supplied. But quantity is small compared to the requirement. The Balance water is drawn from the tube wells. Tube wells are the major source of water supply in this Town. There are 6 nos of tube wells in the town. Water is drawn from these tube wells. Total 0.28 ml water is supplied at an average rate of 25 LPCD from the both sources. But during the summer yield of the tube wells reduces considerably. Private tube wells are extra deep ranging from 150 m to 200 m and even more. The drawl from these tubes well is very high. Hence ground water source is not sustainable & suitable; (ii) Narmada River. There is Narmada River approximately 15 km from the Niwas town. It is Perennial River. Bringing water from Narmada River will not be economical proposal. Hence it has not been proposed as water source; (iii) Nagrath River. This is a small stream flowing in the vicinity of the town. But flow of the stream ceases in the month of the November December. An irrigation dam has been constructed upstream to the Bijholi Village in this stream near Majhgaon village. Only seepage water flows in this stream. This flow is not sufficient to meet the demand 0.38 mcm for Niwas town; and (iv) Majhgaon Dam. Majhgaon dam is an irrigation dam and has been constructed upstream of Nagarath River near Majhgaon village. It is about 6735 m away from the Niwas town. The total live capacity of 8.26 mcm in which for irrigation 7.00 mcm water is used and as per information of officials of the Nagra Parishad rest 1.26 mcm of water is reserved for drinking water. Hence the Majhgaon dam is adopted as sustainable water source for the proposed water supply scheme of Niwas town.

56. Dam Water Sustainability and Environmental Consideration. The total live storage capacity of Majhgaon dam is 8.26 mcm in which for irrigation 7.00 mcm water is used and as per information of officials of the Nagar Parishad, rest 1.26 mcm of water is reserved for drinking water, while the water requirement for the project town Niwas is 1.05 MLD or 0.383 mcm per year, which is about 4.64% and 30.40% of total live storage capacity as well as total water reserved for drinking purposes of Majhgaon dam, which is 21.57 times as well as 3.29 times more than the annual water demand of Niwas town and is adequate to meet the project yearly demand of the design year. Based on above study, it has been decided to go for Majhgaon Dam as a water source for Niwas town water supply scheme. Nagrath river flow has very high seasonal variation, with significant flows in monsoon – post monsoon to very low flows/no flow in summer. Majhgaon dam is an irrigation dam and has been constructed across Nagarath River near Majhgaon village, upstream of Niwas. It is about 6735 m away from the Niwas town.

Table 13: Salient Features of Majhgaon Dam S. No. Particulars Details 1. Type of dam Earthen dam 2. Purpose of Dam Irrigation 3. Year of Completion 1979 4. Operated & Maintained By WRD, GOMP 5. FTL 668.50 m 6. TBL 670.00 m 7. Dam Bed Level 654.50 m 8. Height above Lowest 19.20 m Foundation 9. Length of dam 617.18 m 10. Gross Storage 8200 103 m3 11. Reservoir Area 1627.71 103 m3 12. Effective Storage Capacity 7400 103 m3 13. Live Storage Capacity 8.26 mcm 14. Dead Storage Capacity 0.8 mcm 15. Provision for Irrigation 7.00 mcm 16. Provision for Drinking Water 1.26 mcm Supply

Figure 24: Google Map Showing Majhgaon Dam and Niwas Town

Nagrath River

57. Dam Water Quality. The catchment area is mostly characterized by agricultural and barren lands, and forest areas. There are no polluting sources like industries or mining in the catchment areas. Habitations are limited to small villages, there is no major town located in the catchment. Open green pastureland is reported along the dam site, in particular proposed location of intake well. It is recommended to provide fencing to both the sites of intake well and separate location for drinking water for cattle. A regular water quality regime needs to be established for checking the raw water quality. The water supplied to the consumers at all-time must meet the drinking water standards (Appendix 7). During project preparation water quality test not done by DPR Consultant and not available at this stage. it will be done during detailed design stage by DBO Contractor and surface water quality monitoring has been included in monitoring plan. Convention water treatment and disinfection which is proposed in the project is

adequate to make the water usable for drinking purpose.

58. Use of Chlorine as disinfectant. It is proposed to use chlorine at WTP to disinfect the water prior to supply to consumers. There is invariably a safety risk when chlorine is handled. Although facilities are not located close to habitations, safety precautions are necessary to ensure the safety of workers and citizens. To avoid any risk, chlorination facility will be provided with safety provisions, which are presented below:

(i) Chlorine neutralization pit with a lime slurry feeder; (ii) Proper ventilation, lighting, entry and exit facilities; (iii) Facility for isolation in the event of major chlorine leakage; (iv) Personal protection and safety equipment for the operators in the chlorine plant; (v) Provide training to the staff in safe handling and application of chlorine; this shall be included in the contract of Chlorinator supplier; and (vi) Supplier of Chlorinator equipment shall provide standard operating manual for safe operation and as well as maintenance and repairs; preferably these shall be provided both in English and Hindi Languages.

59. Sensitive project locations. Both the towns Bamhani Banjar & Niwas – Project area mostly comprises urban areas, agricultural areas of the Bamhani Banjar & Niwas town. There is no eco- sensitive area in the vicinity of the town. The Kanha National Park is situated in the upper courses of Narmada, along the banks of the Banjar River about 15 km upstream of the proposed weir location. The area to the east and south is occupied by Kanha national Park and Tiger Reserve features several wild animals including the tiger. Bamhani Banjar town is just 7 km away from the Eco-sensitive zone boundary of Kanha National Park and about 15 km away from the boundary of Kanha national park (Refer – 14 to 16). it is about 40 km away from the Khatia Gate of Kanha National Park which is one of the only two entry points in the famed Tiger Reserve. Nainpur forest range is just 12 km away from the town. Niwas town is 80 km away from the Kanha National Park. Therefore, there is no likely interference with these protected areas due to proposed project.

60. None of the subproject components are located in the forest areas, nor any pipeline is aligned through the forests. Transmission pipelines from intake well to WTP and from WTP to OHTs will be laid along the main existing PWD roads within ROW. Pipes will be laid underground. There is no tree cutting involved during construction period. There is no forest land within the prescribed limit of the town. Hence there is no involvement of forest land or required any permission for implementing this project. Along the Right of way some small shrubs and bushes are mixed with sparse tree cover like – Tamarind (Imli) (Tamarindus indica), Babul (Vachellia nilotica), Blackberry (Syzygium cumini), Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Mahua Tree (Madhuca longifolia) are present. There are forest areas around the towns, and therefore precautions are necessary to avoid entry of workers into forests and damaging the forest lands. Almost all components in Bahmani Banjar are located within the urban area, while in Niwas, proposed intake is outside the town. Pipeline will be laid along an existing road. No tree cutting will be required as the earthen shoulder is sufficient wider to laying the pipelines, hence no harm to the trees. Removal of trees and vegetation will be minimizing by best alignment and layout planning of facilities. However, this cannot be avoided fully. Appropriate measures in terms of compensatory tree plantation is included in the EMP.

(i) Avoid removal of vegetation / tree cutting; (ii) If unavoidable, minimize as far as possible, and obtain tree-cutting permit; (iii) Plant 10 trees for every one cut;

(iv) No construction material storage/ancillary works shall be conducted in the forest area; this shall be limited to actual construction area and the access roads; (v) No labour camps shall be located near forests (maintain minimum 1km buffer); (vi) Limit the work to daylight hours only; no work after sunset; (vii) No workers /personnel shall enter forest areas; it is the DBOC responsibility to take necessary precautions & prevent workers removing/damaging trees/vegetation, hunting animals; (viii) Create awareness among workers on environment & safety; (ix) No high noisy works shall be conducted; and (x) Barricade the construction area properly so that no wild animals entre the work area.

61. For Bamhani Banjar town WSS; Weir will be constructed across Banjar River and Intake well is proposed in Banjar River. For Niwas WSS; Intake well will be built in the Majhgaon Dam. Proposed works in the riverbed (for dam and intake) may damage the riverbed, lead to degradation of water quality due to increase in turbidity and contamination from fuels and lubricant used in construction work. Increase in silt content and water turbidity, chemical quality can affect the aquatic life. Though there are no notable aquatic life and also works are small scale, following mitigation measures are suggested:

(i) Select a construction methodology that is least disturbing, and appropriate for the in-situ soil condition, and able to complete the construction work prior to onset of monsoon; (ii) Schedule the construction works during low water level period – late winter months to pre monsoon (February – June/July); ensure that works are completed during the same period to prior to onset of monsoon; confirm with dam authorities on release of water; avoid scheduling the works during water release period; (iii) Erect temporary barriers to form enclosed construction area with least disturbance; (iv) Allow adequate time to settle the distributed solids to prior to pumping out water; only clear/clarified water shall be pumped back into the reservoir; any silt laden water should be pumped to a silt pond; and (v) Avoid/minimize use of fuels, chemicals and lubricants; ensure no spillage.

62. Utilities. Telephone lines, electric poles and wires, water lines within the proposed project locations may require to be shifted in few cases. To mitigate the adverse impacts due to relocation of the utilities, the contractor, in collaboration with ULB will be required to implement appropriate measures. These are given in the EMP.

63. Site selection of construction work camps, stockpile areas, storage areas, and disposal areas. Priority is to locate these near the project location. However, if it is deemed necessary to locate elsewhere, sites to be considered will not promote instability and result in destruction of property, vegetation, irrigation, and drinking water supply systems. Residential areas will not be considered for setting up construction camps to protect the human environment (i.e., to curb accident risks, health risks due to air and water pollution and dust, and noise, and to prevent social conflicts, shortages of amenities, and crime). Extreme care will be taken to avoid disposals near forest areas and water bodies.

64. Site selection of sources of materials. Significant quantities of coarse aggregate and fine aggregate will be required for construction works. Requirement of gravel is limited. Contractor should procure these materials only from the quarries permitted/licensed by Mines and Geology

Department. Contractor should, to the maximum extent possible, procure material from existing quarries, and creation of new quarry areas should be avoid as far as possible. It will be the construction contractor’s responsibility to verify the suitability of all material sources and to obtain the approval of Department of Mines & Geology and local revenue administration.

C. Construction Impacts

65. Construction works. Civil works in the project include linear excavation for laying pipes along the roads, placing pipes in the trench and refilling with the excavated soil. The trenches will be of 0.4 m – 0.7 m wide and 0.8 to 1 m depth. Subsequent to completion of works, the contractor as part of the civil works will undertake road reinstatement. The roads in the core city area of all the towns are very narrow and congested with pedestrians and vehicles (mainly 2-wheelers), while the roads in outer areas are wide.

66. Earthwork excavation will be undertaken by machine (backhoe excavator) or manually and include danger lighting and using barricades at every 100 m Sufficient care will be taken while lying so that existing utilities and cables are not damaged and pipes are not thrown into the trenches or dragged, but carefully laid in the trenches. As trenches are a maximum of 1.2 m, there is no risk of collapse of trenches or risk to surrounding buildings.

67. Once they are laid, pipes will be joined as per specification and then tested for any cracks of leakages. The minimum working hours will be 8 hours daily, the total duration of each stage depends on the soil condition and other local features. About 95% of the excavated soil will be used for refilling the refilling the trench after placing the pipe and therefore residual soil after pipe laying and refilling is not significant. This excess soil shall be used for construction of WTP in ground leveling . 68. Other construction works. Other civil works in the subproject include construction of weir across river Banjar for Bamhani Banjar town WSS, intake cum pump house for both the towns in the Banjar river/Majhgaon dam in the river/dam that will connect to intake well, water treatment plants, water tanks (ground level / overhead), pumping stations at identified sites. These works will be confined to sites, and construction will include general activities like excavation for foundation, construction of foundations, columns, walls and roof in cement concrete and masonry, and fixing of mechanical and electrical fixtures, etc.

69. Weir and intake well cum pump house will involve construction within the water body. An enclosed area (about 10 m dia) will be created at the selected site using temporary barriers like sandbags or sheet piles and the water will be pumped out to make the area dry for construction. Once this is created, the rest of the construction will follow the general construction procedures to create an RCC well of size 6 m diameter. Once the work is over, the temporary barriers will be removed.

70. Sources of Materials. Significant amount of sand and coarse aggregate will be required for this project. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Use material sources permitted by government; (ii) Verify suitability of all material sources and obtain approval of PIU; and (iii) Submit to PIU on a monthly basis documentation of sources of materials.

71. Air Quality. Emissions from construction vehicles, equipment, and machinery used for

excavation and construction will induce impacts on the air quality in the construction sites. Anticipated impacts include dusts and increase in concentration of vehicle-related pollutants such as carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, particulate matter, nitrous oxides, and hydrocarbons. These however will be temporary, limiting to construction activities only. To mitigate the impacts, construction contractors will be required to:

(i) Damp down exposed soil and any stockpiled material on site by water sprinkling; (ii) Use tarpaulins to cover sand and other loose material when transported by trucks; (iii) Clean wheels and undercarriage of haul trucks prior to leaving construction site; (iv) Disallow access in the work area except workers to limit soil disturbance and prevent access by barricading and security personnel; and (v) Fit all heavy equipment and machinery with air pollution control devices which are operating correctly.

72. Surface Water Quality. Run-off from stockpiled materials and chemical contamination from fuels and lubricants during construction works can contaminate downstream surface water quality of the streams. As the rainfall in the project areas is mostly confined to monsoon, these potential impacts are short-term and temporary. However, to ensure that these are mitigated, construction contractor will be required to:

(i) All earthworks be conducted during the dry season to prevent the problem of soil run-off during monsoon season; (ii) Avoid stockpiling of earth fill especially during the monsoon season unless covered by tarpaulins or plastic sheets; (iii) Prioritize re-use of excess spoils and materials in the construction works. If spoils will be disposed, only designated disposal areas shall be used; (iv) Install temporary silt traps or sedimentation basins along the drainage leading to the water bodies; (v) Place storage areas for fuels and lubricants away from any drainage leading to water bodies; (vi) Dispose any wastes generated by construction activities in designated sites; and (vii) Conduct surface quality inspection according to the Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

73. Construction of Weir for Bamhani Banjar town WSS and jack well cum pump house for both the towns in the reservoir may lead degradation of water quality due to increase in turbidity and chemical contamination from fuels and lubricant used in construction work. Increase in silt content and water turbidity, chemical quality can affect the aquatic life, silting/chocking of spill ways/ canals etc. Though there are no notable aquatic life, to ensure that any negative impacts are mitigation, the contractor will be required to:

(iv) Allow adequate time settle the distributed solids to prior to pumping out water; only clear/clarified water shall be pumped back into the reservoir; any silt laden water should be pumped to a silt pond; and (v) Avoid/minimize use of fuels, chemicals and lubricants; ensure no spillage.

74. Generation of Construction Wastes. Solid wastes generated from the construction activities are excess excavated earth (spoils), discarded construction materials, cement bags, wood, steel, oils, fuels and other similar items. Domestic solid wastes may also be generated from the workers’ camp. Improper waste management could cause odor and vermin problems, pollution and flow obstruction of nearby watercourses and could negatively impact the landscape. The following mitigation measures to minimize impacts from waste generation shall be implemented by the contractor:

(i) Prepare and implement a Construction Waste Management Plan (ii) Stockpiles, lubricants, fuels, and other materials should be located away from steep slopes and water bodies; (iii) Avoid stockpiling any excess spoils. Excess excavated soils should be dispose to approved designated areas; (iv) Domestic solid wastes should be properly segregated in biodegradable and non- biodegradable for collection and disposal to designated solid waste disposal site; (v) Residual and hazardous wastes such as oils, fuels, and lubricants shall be disposed in disposal sites approved by local authorities; The contractor will store at the site, and the facility operator will collect from the site, for processing, reuse, and disposal. (vi) Prohibit burning of construction and domestic waste; (vii) Ensure that wastes are not haphazardly dumped within the project site and adjacent areas; and (viii) Get approval of PIU in writing that the necessary environmental restoration work has been adequately performed before acceptance of work.

75. Noise and Vibration Levels. Except Weir, intake and WTP, all the construction works will be conducted at selected sites and along the roads in the town urban area and surroundings, where there are houses, schools and hospitals, religious & historical places and small-scale businesses. The sensitive receptors are the general population in these areas. Increase in noise level may be caused by excavation, particularly breaking of cement concrete or bitumen roads, operation of construction equipment like concrete mixers, and the transportation of equipment, materials, and people. Vibration generated from construction activity, for instance from the use of pneumatic drills, will have impact on nearby buildings and monuments. This impact is negative but short-term, and avoidable by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Plan activities in consultation with PIU so that activities with the greatest potential to generate noise are conducted during periods of the day which will result in least disturbance; (ii) Horns should not be used unless it is necessary to warn other road users or animals of the vehicle’s approach; (iii) Minimize noise from construction equipment by using vehicle silencers, fitting jackhammers with noise-reducing mufflers, and use portable street barriers to minimise sound impact to surrounding sensitive receptor; and (iv) Maintain maximum sound levels not exceeding 80 decibels (dBA) when measured at a distance of 10 m or more from the vehicle/s.

(v) Identify any buildings at risk from vibration damage and avoiding any use of pneumatic drills or heavy vehicles in the vicinity; 76. Surface and Groundwater Quality. Another physical impact that is often associated with excavation is the effect on drainage and the local water table if groundwater and surface water collect in the voids. In all the towns groundwater is deeper than the proposed excavation depths, and rains are limited to short duration during monsoon. However, to ensure that water will not pond in pits and voids near project location, the construction contractor will be required to conduct excavation works in non-monsoon season to the maximum extent possible.

77. Accessibility. Excavation along the roads, hauling of construction materials and operation of equipment on-site can cause traffic problems. Roads in the core/old town areas of Bamhni Banjar and Niwas towns are very narrow. However, most of the roads are used by pedestrians and two wheelers, and four wheelers vehicles are very limited. Potential impact is negative but short term and avoidable by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Confine work areas along the roads to the minimum possible extent; all the activities, including material & waste/surplus soil stocking should be confined to this area. Proper barricading should be provided; avoid material/surplus soil stocking in congested areas – immediately removed from site/ or brought to the as and when required; (ii) Leave spaces for access between mounds of soil; (iii) Provide walkways and metal sheets where required to maintain access across for people and vehicles; (iv) Plan transportation routes so that heavy vehicles do not use narrow local roads, except in the immediate vicinity of delivery sites; (v) Schedule transport and hauling activities during non-peak hours; (vi) Locate entry and exit points in areas where there is low potential for traffic congestion; (vii) Keep the site free from all unnecessary obstructions; (viii) Drive vehicles in a considerate manner; (ix) Coordinate with Traffic Police for temporary road diversions, where necessary, and for provision of traffic aids if transportation activities cannot be avoided during peak hours; and (x) Notify affected public by public information notices, providing sign boards informing nature and duration of construction works and contact numbers for concerns/complaints.

78. Wherever road width is minimal, there will be temporary loss of access to pedestrians and vehicular traffic including 2 wheelers during the laying of pipes. Under those circumstances, contractor shall adopt following measures:

(i) Inform the affected local population 1-week in advance about the work schedule; (ii) Plan and execute the work in such a way that the period of disturbance/ loss of access is minimum; and (iii) Provide pedestrian access in all the locations until normalcy is restored. Provide wooden/metal planks over the open trenches at each house to maintain the access.

79. Socio-Economic – Income. The project components will be located in government land and there is no requirement for land acquisition or any resettlement. Construction works will

impede the access of residents to specific site in limited cases. The potential impacts are negative and moderate but short-term and temporary. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Leave spaces for access between mounds of soil; (ii) Provide walkways and metal sheets where required to maintain access across for people and vehicles; (iii) Increase workforce in the areas with predominantly institutions, place of worship, business establishment, hospitals, and schools; (iv) Consult businesses and institutions regarding operating hours and factoring this in work schedules; (v) Provide sign boards for pedestrians to inform nature and duration of construction works and contact numbers for concerns/complaints; (vi) Notify community/ water users in advance about likely interruptions in water supply; and (vii) Provide alternate sources of clean water until water supply is restored.

80. Socio-Economic – Employment. Manpower will be required during the 24-months construction stage. This can result in generation of temporary employment and increase in local revenue. Thus, potential impact is positive and long-term. The construction contractor will be required to employ local labour force to the maximum extent possible in construction works, if available.

81. Occupational Health and Safety. Workers need to be mindful of the occupational hazards which can arise from working in height and excavation works. Potential impacts are negative and long-term but avoidable by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Comply with all national, state and local labour laws (see Appendix 9); (ii) IFC’s General EHS Guidelines 3 and Sector Specific (Water and Sanitation) Guidelines; 4 (iii) Develop and implement site-specific occupational health and safety (OH&S) Plan which will include measures such as: (a) excluding public from the site; (b) ensuring all workers are provided with and use personal protective equipment; (c) OHS Training 5 for all site personnel; (d) documented procedures to be followed for all site activities; and (e) documentation of work-related accidents; (iv) Ensure that qualified first aid is provided at all times. Equipped first-aid stations shall be easily accessible throughout the site; (v) Provide medical insurance coverage for workers; (vi) Secure all installations from unauthorized intrusion and accident risks;

3https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/554e8d80488658e4b76af76a6515bb18/Final%2B%2BGeneral%2BEHS%2BG uidelines.pdf?MOD=AJPERES 4https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/e22c050048855ae0875cd76a6515bb18/Final%2B%2BWater%2Band%2BSani tation.pdf?MOD=AJPERES 5 Some of the key areas that may be covered during training as they relate to the primary causes of accidents include (i) slips, trips and falls; (ii) personal protective equipment; (iii) ergonomics, repetitive motion, and manual handling; (iv) workplace transport; and (v) legislation and responsibilities. Training can provide the foundations of competence but it does not necessarily result in a competent worker. Therefore, it is essential to assess staff competence to ensure that the training provided is relevant and effective. Supervision and monitoring arrangements shall be in place to ensure that training has been effective and the worker is competent at their job. The level of supervision and monitoring required is a management decision that shall be based on the risks associated with the job, the level of competence required, the experience of the individual and whether the worker works as part of a team or is a lone worker.

(vii) Provide supplies of potable drinking water; (viii) Provide clean eating areas where workers are not exposed to hazardous or noxious substances; (ix) Provide H&S orientation training to all new workers to ensure that they are apprised of the basic site rules of work at the site, personal protective protection, and preventing injuring to fellow workers; (x) Provide visitor orientation if visitors to the site can gain access to areas where hazardous conditions or substances may be present. Ensure also that visitor/s do not enter hazard areas unescorted; (xi) Ensure the visibility of workers through their use of high visibility vests when working in or walking through heavy equipment operating areas; (xii) Ensure moving equipment is outfitted with audible back-up alarms; (xiii) Mark and provide sign boards for hazardous areas such as energized electrical devices and lines, service rooms housing high voltage equipment, and areas for storage and disposal. Signage shall be in accordance with international standards and be well known to, and easily understood by workers, visitors, and the general public as appropriate; and (xiv) Disallow worker exposure to noise level greater than 85 dBA for duration of more than 8 hours per day without hearing protection. The use of hearing protection shall be enforced actively. (xv) Develop and implement detailed site-specific health and safety plan with measures to manage COVID-19 impacts in accordance with national and local requirements and international guidelines of WHO, IFC, etc. (xvi)

Impacts due to COVID19 Pandemic: In light of covid19 Pandemic, potential biological hazards in municipal waste, water and waste management practices may be anticipated. Municipal waste and sewage may contain disease-causing organisms that may be dispersed in water or air. Disinfection and containment will follow WHO’s guidance on water, sanitation, hygiene and waste management for the COVID-19 virus and to be considered in the detailed engineering design to avoid any risks of diseases or illnesses to the workers and the community such as the spread of viruses. Site specific EMP’s developed in such situations will follow international guidelines 6 and any other WHO or national guidelines that may be applicable.

82. Asbestos Materials. There are no AC pipes found in both the towns in existing water supply distribution networks as confirmed by respective Nagar Parishads Officials. If found during laying of distribution networks, these will be left in situ and replaced by new pipes, because of the health risks. Plan pipeline alignments carefully to avoid any conflict or damage.

83. Community Health and Safety. Hazards posed to the public, specifically in high- pedestrian areas may include traffic accidents and vehicle collision with pedestrians. Potential impact is negative but short-term and avoidable by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Plan routes to avoid times of peak-pedestrian activities;

6 Useful guidance notes: (i) Getting your workplace ready for COVID-19 (WHO)–https://www.who.int/docs/default- source/coronaviruse/getting-workplace-ready-for-covid-19.pdf (ii) Guidance on Preparing Workplaces for COVID-19 (U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration); https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3990.pdf (iii) IFC Interim advice on supporting workers in the context of COVID-19

(ii) Liaise with PIU in identifying risk areas on route cards/maps; (iii) Maintain regularly the vehicles and use of manufacturer-approved parts to minimize potentially serious accidents caused by equipment malfunction or premature failure; and (iv) Provide road signs and flag persons to warn of on-going trenching activities.

84. Central parts of the towns are characterized by narrow roads and some of which are accessible only by foot/two wheelers. Besides impeding the access, the trench excavation and pipe laying will pose safety risks to pedestrians, and the people living in these areas. Though the width (~400 mm) and depth (~700 mm) of trench is minimal, it will pose safety risk, especially for children and elders. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Provide prior information to the local people about the nature and duration of work; (ii) Conduct awareness program on safety during the construction work; (iii) Undertake the construction work stretch-wise; excavation, pipe laying and trench refilling should be completed on the same day; and (iv) Provide barricades and deploy security personnel to ensure safe movement of people and also to prevent unnecessary entry and to avoid accidental fall into open trenches.

85. Work Camps. Operation of work camps can cause temporary air and noise pollution from machine operation, water pollution from storage and use of fuels, oils, solvents, and lubricants. Potential impacts are negative but short-term and avoidable by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Consult PIU before locating project offices, sheds, and construction plants; (ii) Minimize removal of vegetation and disallow cutting of trees; (iii) Provide drinking water, water for other uses, and sanitation facilities for employees; (iv) Ensure conditions of liveability at work camps are maintained at the highest standards possible at all times; (v) Prohibit employees from poaching wildlife and cutting of trees for firewood; (vi) Train employees in the storage and handling of materials which can potentially cause soil contamination; (vii) Recover used oil and lubricants and reuse or remove from the site; (viii) Manage solid waste according to the following preference hierarchy: reuse, recycling and disposal to designated areas; (ix) Remove all wreckage, rubbish, or temporary structures which are no longer required; and (x) Confirm to PMU report in writing that the camp has been vacated and restored to pre-project conditions before acceptance of work.

86. Debris disposal. Prior to the commencement of works, contractor shall identify a debris disposal site in consultation with the PIU and adhering to following criteria:

(i) The site shall be selected preferably from barren, infertile lands. In case agricultural land needs to be selected, top-soil stripping, stacking and preservation should be undertaken prior to initiation of any activities; (ii) Debris disposal site shall be at least 200 m away from surface water bodies; (iii) No residential areas shall be located within 100 m downwind side of the site; (iv) The site is minimum 250 m. away from sensitive locations like hospitals, religious places, ponds/lakes or other water bodies; and

(v) The local governing body and community shall be consulted while selecting the site. Impacts during commissioning – Occupational Health and Safety. Hydro testing of pipes for leaks and pressure prior to commissioning, poses safety risk to workers, to access the pipelines in the confined spaces (trenches). Risks include collapse of trench due to loose soil or under uncontrolled water pressure. Workers should be trained in confined space working. Often, improper planning, adopting ad-hoc methods of testing, and use of non-standardized equipment are the main reasons for accidents. Cleaning of pipes, sewers, manholes, etc., if required as per the contract prior to commission, shall be carried out mechanically, and manual cleaning must be avoided. D. Operation and Maintenance Impacts

87. Operation and Maintenance of the water supply system will be carried out by the DBO Contractor for 10 years, and after which the respective municipalities will operate and maintain the infrastructure. During the system design life (15/30 years for mechanical/civil components) it shall not require major repairs or refurbishments and should operate with little maintenance beyond routine actions required to keep the equipment in working order. The stability and integrity of the system will be monitored periodically to detect any problems and allow remedial action if required. Any repairs will be small-scale involving manual, temporary, and short-term works involving regular checking and recording of performance for signs of deterioration, servicing and replacement of parts.

88. Recurrence of pipe bursting and leakage problems can be managed by the leak detection and water auditing surveys. The ULBs will be required to ensure that the leak detection and rectification time is minimized. 89.

90. Since back water is recovered and recirculated in the WTP, no wastewater will be generated from water treatment process. The sludge generated from the wash water storage tank, and sedimentation tanks.

91. Provision for recirculation system for filter backwash – backwash water from filter beds will be sent to a storage tank, and after allowing adequate time for settlement of solids, clarified water will be pumped to WTP inlet. This arrangement will avoid pollution and also minimize wastage of water. Water treatment process will generate sludge from sedimentation of particulate matter in raw water, flocculated and precipitated material resulting from chemical coagulation, residuals of excess chemical dosage, plankton etc.; and waste from rinsing and back washing of filter media containing debris, chemical precipitates, straining of organic debris and plankton. Accumulated sludge from Tube Settler, filter backwash etc., will be disposed-off at sludge drying beds for natural drying. Dried sludge will be disposed off in a land fill or used as soil conditioner if it is suitable

E. Project Benefits

92. During the construction phase, there are likely to be positive impacts through employment generation, increase in local revenue from the project activities. During the operation phase also, there is potential for employment generation, though limited, as the improved and expanded water infrastructure requires additional workforce.

93. The citizens of Bamhani Banjar and Niwas will be the major beneficiaries of the improved water supply system, as they will be provided with a constant supply of better-quality water, piped into their homes at an appropriate pressure. The project will improve the over-all health condition of the towns as water borne diseases will be reduced, so people should spend less on healthcare and lose fewer working days due to illness, so their economic status should also improve, as well as their overall health. This should also improve the environment of these areas, should deliver major improvements in individual and community health and well-being.

VI. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

A. Overview

94. The active participation of stakeholders including local community, NGOs/CBOs, and the media in all stages of project preparation and implementation is essential for successful implementation of the project. It will ensure that the subprojects are designed, constructed, and operated with utmost consideration to local needs, ensures community acceptance, and will bring maximum benefits to the people. Public consultation and information disclosure is a must as per the ADB policy.

95. Most of the main stakeholders have already been identified and consulted during preparation of this IEE, and any others that are identified during project implementation will be brought into the process in the future. Primary stakeholders of the subproject are: residents, shopkeepers and businesspeople who live and work alongside the roads in which network improvements will be provided and near sites where facilities will be built (WTP and water tanks), and government and utility agencies responsible for provision of services in Bamhani Banjar and Niwas, WRD, Forest Department (FD), and MPPCB, etc. Secondary stakeholder are: NGOs and CBOs working in the area, community representatives, beneficiary community in general, government agencies, the executing and implementing agencies (MPUDC, PMU and PIUs), Government of India and the ADB.

B. Public Consultation

96. The public consultation and disclosure program is a continuous process throughout the project implementation, including project planning, design and construction.

1. Consultation during Project Preparation

97. Institutional consultations were conducted with the relevant Governmental Departments such as WRD, PHED, MPPCB, Forest Department, etc. The subproject proposals are formulated in consultation with Bamhani Banjar and Niwas Nagar Parishad to suit the requirements of the respective towns.

98. Focus-group discussions with affected persons and other stakeholders were conducted to learn their views and concerns. A socio-economic household survey has been conducted in the town, covering sample households, to understand the household characteristics, health status, and the infrastructure service levels, and also the demand for infrastructure services. General public and the people residing along the project activity areas were also consulted during visits to the project sites. Formal town-level consultation meetings were conducted in April and August 2018 in the subproject towns. Besides, several other meetings also conducted at ward- level with communities, and at market with street vendors and hawkers. The details of consultation are provided in Appendix 13.

Table 14: Summary of consultation held at Bamhani Banjar Date Location Type and number of Participants 21 August ULB Office Bahmani Banjar CMO-Bamhni Banjar along with staff 2018 21 August ULB Office Bahmani Banjar Elected Ward Parshad of Nagar parishad- Bamhni 2018 Banjar Male =11

Date Location Type and number of Participants Female4 4 21 August Ward Number 8 Shopkeepers at Bamhni Banjar Market 2018 Main Market Area Male-8 21 August Ward Number 10 Main Shopkeepers at Bamhni Banjar Market 2018 Market Area Male-7 21 August Ward Number 13 Residents 2018 Female-7 21 August Ward 11 (ST/SC ward) 5 Female Meeting with SC women 2018 21 August Intake and Weir Site Ward Total=10 2018 Number 13 (Tekari Tola) Male=6 Female=4

Table 15: Summary of Stakeholder Consultation- Niwas Nagar Parishad Date Location Type and number of Participants 07 April At Nagar Parishad office Elected Body of ULB-Niwas along with Chairperson of 2018 ULB, Chief Municipal Officer Total=09 F=05 M=04 07 April Ward No. 13 (Barodi) Local residents 2018 Total=13 F=11 M=02 07 April Shopkeeper (Market area) Local Shopkeepers 2018 Total=9 F=1 M=8 07 April Ward No. 6 Local residents 2018 (Ambedkar ward) Total= 20, F=20, 07 April Ward No. 8 Local residents of general cast 2018 (Ladhatola) Total= 35, F=35, M=0

99. The people are willing to extend their cooperation as the activities are proposed to improve the water supply service levels and the living standards. Stakeholder expressed their concern regarding water charges, affordability, disturbance and loss of business due to the work in market area (dust, road closure etc.). The project team explained the proposed mitigation measures to mitigate / minimize such issues.

2. Consultation during construction

100. Prior to start of construction, ULB and PIU with the assistance of PMC will conduct information dissemination sessions at various places and solicit the help of the local community, leaders/prominent for the project work. At each ward/neighborhood level, focus group meetings will be conducted to discuss and plan construction work with local communities to reduce disturbance and other impacts.

101. A constant communication will be established with the affected communities to redress the environmental issues likely to surface during construction phases and also regarding the grievance redress mechanism. ULB/PIU and PMC will organize public meetings and will appraise

74 the communities about the progress on the implementation of EMP. Meeting will also be organized at the potential hotspots/sensitive locations before and during the construction.

C. Information Disclosure

102. Executive summary of the IEE will be translated in Hindi and made available at the offices of PMU, PIU, Nagar Parishad offices, and also displayed on their notice boards. Hard copies of the IEE will be accessible to citizens as a means to disclose the document and at the same time creating wider public awareness. Electronic version of the IEE in English and Executive Summary in Hindi will be placed in the official website of the MPUDC, PMU after approval of the IEE by Government and ADB. Stakeholders will also be made aware of grievance register and redress mechanism.

103. Public information campaigns to explain the project details to a wider population will be conducted. Public disclosure meetings will be conducted at key project stages to inform the public of progress and future plans. Prior to start of construction, the PMU/PIU will issue Notification on the start date of implementation in local newspapers A board showing the details of the project will be displayed at the construction site for the information of general public.

104. Local communities will be continuously consulted regarding location of construction camps, access and hauling routes and other likely disturbances during construction. The road closure together with the proposed detours will be communicated via advertising, pamphlets, radio broadcasts, road signage, etc.

VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

A. Project Specific Grievance Redress Mechanism

105. Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) is a part of project management that is likely to increase accountability and responsiveness among service providers and provide a friendly environment to the beneficiaries of the project. GRM is considered a tool to measure efficiency and effectiveness of the project as it provides important feedback on the project management. Effectively addressing public grievances is a core component of managing risks under Asian Development Bank (ADB) projects according to the Safeguard Policy Statement (Safeguard Requirement 2: Involuntary Resettlement, Pages 49-50, June 2009) – “The borrower/client will establish a mechanism to receive and facilitate the resolution of affected persons’ concerns and grievances about physical and economic displacement and other project impacts, paying particular attention to the impacts on vulnerable groups. The grievance redress mechanism should be scaled to the risks and adverse impacts of the project. It should address affected persons’ concerns and complaints promptly, using an understandable and transparent process that is gender responsive, culturally appropriate, and readily accessible to the affected persons at no costs and without retribution. The mechanism should not impede access to the country’s judicial or administrative remedies. The borrower/client will inform affected persons about the mechanism”. The statement allows the formation of grievance redress committee in the project areas to facilitate the concerns of affected people under the project areas.

B. Purpose of the GRM Manual

106. This document describes the procedure that shall be followed by the Madhya Pradesh Urban Development Company Limited (MPUDCL) under Madhya Pradesh Urban Services Improvement project (MPUSIP) to address complaints or concerns shared by people affected due to project related interventions.

107. The present document intends to provide clarity to project stakeholders on the grievance redress mechanism procedures to be followed under the project. The document provides clarity on how the complaint shall be received, registered, sorted, assessed, resolved and monitored under MPUSIP. This also includes action plans to be followed for effective implementation.

C. Principles

108. The GRM is based on the following principles and the same shall be used to assess the GRM performance:

1. Accessibility

109. The GRM shall be accessible to all people residing in the project area. It shall be available and provide assistance to all project affected people irrespective of language, literacy level, or cost. Project affected people shall access the GRM without fear of reprisal. Information on the GRM will be disseminated using various means to ensure people know about GRC, its members and procedures.

2. Predictability

110. The GRM shall offer clear procedures with time frames for each stage and clarity on the type of results it can and cannot deliver.

3. Transparency

111. The GRM shall operate in such a way that it is easy for others to see what actions are being performed. This will be undertaken through disclosure of all information to the public and affected people.

4. Credibility

112. The performance of the GRM shall enable affected people to accept and believe that the mechanism works, delivers results and is trustworthy.

5. Fairness

113. The GRM procedures shall be perceived as fair, especially in terms of access to information, and opportunities for meaningful participation in the final decision. Its outcome should be consistent with applicable national standards and should not restrict access to other redress mechanisms.

6. Feedback

114. The GRM shall serve as a means to channel citizen feedback to improve project outcomes for the people.

115. It is difficult to avoid Grievances totally, but much can be done to minimize and manage complaints in order to reduce impacts.

D. Nature and scope of Grievance Redress Mechanism under MPUSIP

116. GRM aims to address complaints of local affected people because of project interventions in the selected towns (64 towns) of MPUSIP during the project period.

117. MPUSIP predicts public complaints because of the nature of the project during the design, implementation and O&M stage of the project. In the design phase, people are expected to raise inconveniences with regards to land acquisition, compensation amount, compensation procedure and environmental issues. During project implementation, grievances may come from individuals or a particular group of people in relation to construction related inconveniences such as dust, noise, blocking drainage, damage roads, walls/boundaries of property and its impact on their daily lives in addition to land acquisition, and compensation. Issues related to corruption shall not be considered by the Grievance Redress Committee (GRC). Corruption related issues shall be forwarded to the State GRC (PMU) directly by the Chairperson of town level GRC at the time of sorting of grievances. The structure, functions of GRC, monitoring & evaluation systems and action plan of its implementation is described below:

E. Structure of GRM and its Functions

118. The GRM will have a three- tier decision making process. The first tier which is at the town level aims to resolve all construction related grievances which require quick and efficient action. The second tier which is at the project implementation unit (PIU) will handle complaints that could not be resolved by the first- tier level and/or grievances related to land acquisition and compensation. The third tier which is at the project management unit (PMU) or state level will handle complaints which are over and above the scope for the first and second tier and/or

complaints which could not be resolved by the first and second tier levels.

119. Contact numbers of GRC chairperson and members, CDO and contractor’s focal person will be placed at appropriate locations like construction sites, urban local body (ULB) office etc.

120. The three-tier Grievance Redress Mechanism under MPUSIP is described below:

(i) 1st tier (at town level

(a) composition of the Grievance Redress Committee (GRC): • A representative of Chief Municipal Officer associated with ULB, Chairperson; • CDO of ULB designated/nominated by ULB. • Field Engineer of Project Management Consultants; • Focal person (GRC Person) of DBO contractor of respective town; • Field Engineer of concerned ULB designated by the respective PIU, Secretary;

(b) Major Functions: The major functions of town level GRC is as follows: • Registration of Grievances by the Local person (GRC person) of DBO contractor of respective town sorting of Grievances by Focal person (GRC person) of DBO contractor of respective town and Chairperson; • Forwarding grievances to concerned authorities i.e. Site Engineer for resolution; • Information to the complainant on the decision taken to address registered complaint and expected time to resolve issue; • Resolution of issues emerged due to construction; • Feedback to the complainant on action completed against registered complaint and seeking complainant feedback on level of satisfaction; and • Closure of grievances by CDO-ULB or forwarding of complaint to PIU GRC if grievance remains unresolved.

(ii) 2nd tier (at PIU level)

(a) Composition of the PIU level GRC • Project Manager, associated with project implementation unit (PIU) of Madhya Pradesh; • Urban Development Company Limited – Chairperson; • An elected member nominated by Mayor in Council / President in Council of associated; • ULB; • A social worker nominated by Mayor in Council / President in Council of associated ULB; • Commissioner of associated ULB / Chief Municipal Officer or Community; • Development Officer/Community Organizer of Urban Local Body. • Community Development Officer CDO-PIU – Secretary.

(b) Major Functions: The following functions will be performed by the PIU level grievance redress committee (GRC): • Registration of complaints by CDO-PIU from the 1st tier GRC and/or affected people; • Eligibility assessment of grievances by the GRC Chairperson; • Information to the complainant about eligibility of the complaint; • GRC meetings to discuss grievances and action required; • Ensuring collection of detailed information about the eligible complaint; • Assessment of complaint, draw conclusion from discussions and make recommendations; • Develop action plan outlining activities required to implement the recommendations; • Ensuring implementation of recommendations by stakeholders or concerned authorities; • Monitoring actions of the recommendations in view of timeline; • Feedback to the complainant on action completed against registered complaint and seeking complainant feedback on level of satisfaction; and • Closure of grievances by CDO-PIU or forwarding of complaint to PMU GRC if grievance remains unresolved.

(iii) 3rd tier (at PMU-State Level)

(a) Composition of State Level GRC: • Engineer in Chief, MPUDC – Chairperson; • Deputy Project Director (T); • Deputy Project Director (A) (Secretary); • Project Officer; • Community Development Officer CDO-PMU; and • PMC TL or representative Advisor.

(b) Major Functions: The state level GRC will be responsible to perform the following functions: • Registration of complaints received from GRC PIU and/or affected people; • Information to the complainant about eligibility of the complaint; • Eligibility assessment of grievances by the GRC PMU chairperson with support of the; • Secretary of state GRC- – whether grievance is eligible for consideration or not at the state-level; • Ensuring collection of required information about the eligible complaint; • Assessment of complaint to draw conclusion from discussions and make recommendations; • Develop action plan outlining activities required to implement the recommendations; • Ensuring implementation of recommendations by stakeholders or concerned authorities; • Monitoring actions of the recommendations in view of timeline;

• Closing complaint after all actions taken as per recommendations and feedback to the complainant; and • Advise to complainants about approach /appeal to the concerned department in case the complainant is not satisfied, or complaint is beyond the scope of the GRC PMU.

Figure 25:Workflow Diagram on GRM

Step 8: Appeal to the Step 1: Receiving Grievances / State Level GRC Complaints and its Registration at town level (24 hours)

Step 2: Review of

Closure of the of the Closure Grievances, : Complaint Sorting, Information and

Step 7 Step Forwarding (1 Day)

Grievance

Redress Mechanism Meeting (3 Days) (3 Meeting

GRC GRC : Eligibility and Preparation for and Preparation : Eligibility (Monthly) Step 3 Step

Monitoring and Reporting Reporting and Monitoring : Step 6 Step

Step 5: Implementation of Step 4: Assessment of the Action Grievance, Meeting and Plan of

F. Process of Grievance Redress Mechanism

121. The following process shall be adopted for receiving complaints and addressing received complaints:

(i) Step 1: Receiving Grievances/ Complaints and its Registration at town Level

• All grievances, complaints, concerns shall be submitted verbally or in writing to CDO contractor’s focal person or any GRC members – by filling the Complaint Registration Slip and putting into the complaint box placed at construction sites or ULB office; and • Received complaints shall be recorded, compiled and Registered (Grievance Number) in a register (database) placed at the ULB by CDO with support of the contractor’s focal person on a daily basis (24 hours). Each grievance shall be given a number to track status.

(ii) Step 2: Review of Grievances, Sorting, Information and Forwarding (24 hours) • Registered grievances shall be reviewed by the CDO with support of the contractor’s focal person; • Based on type of grievances, CDO shall sort out grievances with support of the contractor’s focal person; • CDO (ULB) shall inform the GRC Chairperson about all grievances either by phone or in writing. At that time, CDO may suggest grievances can be managed by the site engineer to the GRC Chairperson; • GRC Chairperson will determine eligibility of the complaints. Inconveniences caused by minor construction related issues shall be referred to the site engineer to resolve immediately or within 24 hours. For example -site engineer shall be instructed to resolve grievances associated with construction at the town such as restoration of road, obstruction in accessing house/shop or any place due to dumping of construction materials, dust etc. Site engineer will be responsible to respond to the complaints immediately. On the other hand, issues which cannot be resolved by the site engineer and if it is complex in nature shall be referred to GRC; and • CDO shall receive acknowledgement from concerned authorities (site engineer) on receipt of the grievances shared with them. CDO shall inform complainants regarding eligibility of their complaint and action to be taken by the concerned authority (site engineer/ GRC) within (24 hours). If the grievance is ineligible, complainants should be informed of the reasons.

(iii) Step 3: Eligibility and Preparation for GRC meeting (3 days) • GRC Chairperson shall receive eligible complaints (copy of written complaint document or verbally recorded messages) from the CDO (ULB) and review details; GRC Chairperson may ask to collect baseline information about the grievances registered, if required; • GRC Chairperson shall share list of documents with the GRC Secretary to collect baseline information on selected grievances to be addressed; • The GRC Secretary shall arrange all documents with the help of CDO-ULB, CDO-PIU or the contractor’s focal person in a proper way to present in front of GRC; and • GRC Chairperson shall call a meeting as per convenient date and time of the committee members.

(iv) Step 4: Assessment of the Grievance, Meeting and Plan of Action (7 days) • If necessary, the GRC shall consult and seek relevant information about complaint from the concerned parties;

• On basis of the collected evidences, GRC shall draw conclusions and make recommendations for a solution; • GRC Secretary shall keep record of the proceedings and decisions taken by GRC members to further track the status as per decided timeline; • The GRC shall agree on the action plan required to be implemented according to the recommendations made. The action plan shall include detailed activities along with timeline; • GRC Secretary shall inform to the complainant about the decisions taken by the committee members and expected date of resolution of the grievance; and • If the complaint is complex, the GRC may request for additional time and resolution after proper assessment or refer the complaint to the GRC-PMU Level.

(v) Step 5: Implementation of Action (30 days) • The concerned parties shall be responsible to implement action plan according to recommendations of the GRC; and • The GRC members may arrange field trip and interact with the concerned persons, if needed before reaching the conclusion.

(vi) Step 6: Monitoring and Reporting (Monthly) • CDO (ULB) shall be responsible to track and record status of all complaints -whether forwarded to site engineer or GRC in the database as follows – Grievance registered, Grievance in process to be resolved, Grievance addressed and closed, and Grievance forwarded to concerned authorities; • CDO (ULB) shall be responsible to report/inform status of the complaints (received, addressed and forwarded) to the contractor for further reporting to respective PIU; and • Overall GRC chairperson shall be responsible for effective management of complaints at the town level.

(vii) Step 7: Closure of the Complaint • GRC Secretary shall prepare a summary of the findings and share with GRC members; • On agreement of all GRC members, GRC Secretary shall provide information to the complainant about decisions taken in writing/verbal on the registered complaint and seek feedback of the complainant about the decisions taken. A copy of the letter shall be kept as record with GRC Secretary and CDO (ULB); • Complaint shall be considered closed if all actions have been taken and the complainant satisfied with the resolution; and • GRC Secretary shall prepare a closure report of the grievances handled by GRC members and the closure shall be documented by the CDO (ULB) in his register.

(viii) Step 8: Appeal to the State level GRC • In the event that GRC PIU cannot make a decision on how to resolve the complaint, or if a complainant is not satisfied with the actions taken to resolve the complaint by the GRC (PIU), an appeal can be made to state

level GRC (PMU) either by the GRC Chairperson (PIU) or complainant directly. • GRC Chairperson (PIU) or complainant shall submit an appeal in writing to the state level GRC established at PMU. • The state GRC Secretary shall register the case in consultation with Chairperson and provide a number of the grievances to be tracked. • The state GRC Secretary shall acknowledge the registration of the grievance to the complainant in writing. • The Secretary of the GRC shall review the registered grievances and collect required evidences from relevant parties to present case to the GRC. • The state GRC Chairperson shall call a GRC meeting to review the complaint. GRC members shall get information about the meeting in advance to ensure their availability in the meeting. • The state GRC shall draw conclusions and recommendations based on the evidence in the meeting. At the same time an action plan shall be developed for implementation with a timeline. • The state GRC Secretary shall communicate decisions of the State GRC to the complainant in writing. The copy of the communication shall be kept with the state GRC Secretary as record. • The recommendations shall be implemented immediately • Upon completion of the recommended actions, the state GRC Secretary shall prepare a report on the closure of the complaint which will be signed by the complainant and state GRC Chairperson. A copy of the same shall be kept for record.

122. The structure and process of GRM is presented below for detailed understanding.

Figure 26: Structure and Process of GRC

G. Monitoring and Evaluation systems of GRM

123. All grievances, concerns and complaints received shall be recorded by concerned authorities to be tracked. The status of the grievances shall be discussed in the review meetings organized at PIU and PMU level. The following indicators shall be monitored and recorded:

(i) Number and type of complaints received; (ii) Number and % of complaints that have been resolved; and (iii) Number and % of complaints that are unresolved;

124. The State GRC shall review grievance related data on monthly basis to evaluate the functionality of the system, as well as to note the followings:

(i) Failures to follow GRM procedures; (ii) Delays in complaint resolution, particularly those that can affect project construction; (iii) Most frequent types of grievances and complaints; and (iv) Location(s) producing the most grievances and complaints;

In the event that the established GRM is not in a position to resolve the issue, the affected person also can use the ADB Accountability Mechanism through directly contacting (in writing) the Complaint Receiving Officer (CRO) at ADB headquarters or the ADB India Resident Mission (INRM). The complaint can be submitted in any of the official languages of ADB’s DMCs. The ADB Accountability Mechanism information will be included in the PID to be distributed to the affected communities, as part of the project GRM

H. Action Plan for the formation of the GRM

Table 16: Action Plan for the formation of the GRM S. No Action Plan Timeline A Action required at PMU/PMC A1 Letter for formation of GRC and follow up Pre -construction A2 Development of GRM Manual Pre -construction Orientation of GRC members by integrating with A3 training/workshops/meetings Construction Integration of GRC topic in BCC – like availability of GRC and its A4 procedure Construction Review of functioning of GRC by integrating with meetings and A5 visits Construction B Action at Town level B1 Formation of GRC at town level and inform to the PMU/PMC Pre -construction Information to All ULB Officials/Public about existence of B2 GRC, its committee members and their function Construction Orientation of all GRC members during visit of PMU and PMC B3 officials Construction B4 Tracking of complaint registered and its status Construction Sharing status of grievances with PIUs with the help of GRC B5 person Construction Training of selected women to maintain grievances at customer B6 service center (Educated Prerak (Motivator) may be considered) Construction Operation and B7 Complaint management maintenance phase

VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Implementation Arrangements

125. Urban Development and Housing Department (UDHD) of Government of Madhya Pradesh will be the Executing Agency for the Program, responsible for management, coordination and execution of all activities funded under the loan. Implementing Agency will be the recently established Madhya Pradesh Urban Development Company (MPUDC), a wholly owned subsidiary of GOMP. A central Project Management Unit (PMU) attached to MPUDC will be responsible for implementing the MPUSIP. The PMU will be supported by Program Implementation Units (PIUs) with a flexibility to redeployment depending upon the implementation requirements.

126. The PMU and PIUs will be supported by several teams of Design Consultants in preparation of preliminary engineering designs.

127. Water Resource Review Committee (WRRC) is constituted to undertake a thorough review of the source when recommended by the Design Consultant in regard to techno-economic feasibility and sustainability especially ensuring climate change resilience, and Technical Review Committee (TRC) to review and approve the preliminary designs developed by the Design Consultants.

128. Program Management Consultant (PMC) centrally located in PMU and with field teams located in PIUs shall be responsible for implementation of the Program. All infrastructure contracts will be procured through performance-based contracts (PBCs) and include build-operate (BO) framework. Based on the preliminary designs prepared by Design Consultants, the DBO (design- build-operate) Contractor will design, construct, commission and operate for 10 years, after which it will be transferred to the respective ULB.

129. Two Committees - an Empowered Committee cum Executive Committee and a Technical Clearance and Tender Committee have been constituted by the Government to be responsible for effective and timely implementation of the Program.

130. Safeguards. At PMU, there will be two safeguard specialists: (i) Project Officer (Environment) and (ii) Social & Gender Offer, who will responsible for compliance with the environmental and social safeguards in program implementation. PO (Environment) will have overall responsibility in implementation of the investment program as per the Environmental Assessment & Review Framework (EARF) agreed between ADB and the government. At individual subproject level, PO will ensure that environmental assessment is conducted, and a project-specific is prepared and implemented, and the compliance, and corrective actions, if any are reported as required.

B. Environmental Management Plan

131. An environmental management plan (EMP) has been developed to provide mitigation measures to reduce all negative impacts to acceptable levels.

132. The EMP will guide the environmentally-sound construction of the subproject and ensure efficient lines of communication between MPUDC, project management unit (PMU), project implementing unit (PIU), consultants and contractors. The EMP will (i) ensure that the activities are undertaken in a responsible non-detrimental manner; (i) provide a pro-active, feasible and

practical working tool to enable the measurement and monitoring of environmental performance on site; (ii) guide and control the implementation of findings and recommendations of the environmental assessment conducted for the subproject; (iii) detail specific actions deemed necessary to assist in mitigating the environmental impact of the subproject; and (iv) ensure that safety recommendations are complied with. The EMP includes a monitoring program to measure the environmental condition and effectiveness of implementation of the mitigation measures. It will include observations on- and off-site, document checks, and interviews with workers and beneficiaries.

133. The contractor will be required to submit to PIU, for review and approval, a site environmental plan (SEP) including (i) proposed sites/locations for construction work camps, storage areas, hauling roads, lay down areas, disposal areas for solid and hazardous wastes; (ii) specific mitigation measures following the approved EMP; (iii) monitoring program as per SEP; and (iv) budget for SEP implementation. No works are allowed to commence prior to approval of SEP.

134. A copy of the EMP/approved SEP will be kept on site during the construction period at all times. The EMP included in the bid and contract documents. Non-compliance with, or any deviation from, the conditions set out in this document constitutes a failure in compliance.

135. For civil works, the contractor will be required to (i) carry out all of the mitigation and monitoring measures set forth in the approved SEP; and (ii) implement any corrective or preventative actions set out in safeguards monitoring reports that the employer will prepare from time to time to monitor implementation of this IEE and SEP. The contractor shall allocate budget for compliance with these SEP measures, requirements and actions.

136. The following tables show the potential environmental impacts, proposed mitigation measures and responsible agencies for implementation and monitoring.

Table 17: Design Stage Environmental Management Plan Responsible Cost and Anticipated for Source of Field Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Funds Design of Unsustainable • Discontinuation of current These measures Part of water source; unsustainable groundwater source are already project supply resource & and creating new water supply included in the costs system energy use system based on a nearest preliminary surface water source designs. • Limiting the height of water impounding structures (dam) in DBO Contractor Bamhani Banjar much below to (DBOC)to the height of the riverbanks so that follow, enhance the storage is limited to the river where possible. course itself. • Design of apron to arrest erosion PMU to ensure of the riverbank of the downstream compliance. of dam • Recovering wash water from treatment process • Treatment and reuse of sludge from treatment process • Minimizing water losses from pipelines by perfect jointing and alignments using appropriate techniques (HDPE pipes up to 150 mm dia joined by electro fusion couplers using on-site electro fusion welding, and all higher dia pipes by on site butt welding) • Designing the entire system to maintain optimal flow and terminal pressure, and optimizing the overall energy usage • Reducing the incidence of water borne diseases by providing 100% population including urban poor with potable water supplies • Improve water use efficiency and reduce water wastage at household level by recording and monitoring the water usage, and charging the consumers as per usage; due consideration to urban poor • Minimize unaccounted for water (UFW) losses using district metered area approach with flow meter and pressure logging arrangements to identify and rectify the leaks, and unauthorized connections • Using low-noise and energy efficient pumping systems

Responsible Cost and Anticipated for Source of Field Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Funds • During the design, construction, and operation of the project, apply pollution prevention and control technologies and practices consistent with international good practice, as reflected in internationally recognized standards such as the World Bank Group’s Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines (IFC’s General EHS Guidelines 7 and Sector Specific (Water and Sanitation) Guidelines 8). Water Project • Obtain permission from Water PMU & No costs; abstraction sustainability resources department, GOMP respective scope of from Banjar & water use o Bamhani Banjar– permission / Nagar Parishads IA River and conflicts water allocation for water (process already Majhgaon abstraction from Banjar and initiated) dam construction of weir & intake o Niwas: permission for construction of intake and water abstraction from Majhgaon dam Raw water • Provide fencing around the intake PIU and Nagar - quality at well and designate a separate Parishad Majhgaon location for drinking water for dam – cattle, away from intake presence of cattle Waste Environmental • Obtain consent from MPPCB for PMU / Nagar No costs; generation pollution WTPs at Bamhanibanjar and Parishad; DBOC scope of from WTP Niwas prior to start of construction to prepare IA & DBO operations application, and assist as required Chlorine Chlorine • Provide the following measure at These measures Project usage as handling the chlorine application unit: are already Costs disinfectant &application o Chlorine neutralization pit with included in the at WTPs risk – health a lime slurry feeder preliminary &safety risk to o Proper ventilation, lighting, designs. workers and entry and exit facilities general public o Facility for isolation in the DBOC to follow, event of major chlorine enhance where leakage (if needed) possible. o Personal protection and safety equipment for the operators in PMU to ensure the chlorine plant compliance.

7https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/554e8d80488658e4b76af76a6515bb18/Final%2B- %2BGeneral%2BEHS%2BGuidelines.pdf?MOD=AJPERES 8https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/e22c050048855ae0875cd76a6515bb18/Final%2B- %2BWater%2Band%2BSanitation.pdf?MOD=AJPERES