VOLUME 06 ISSUE 09-SEPTEMBER 2013 VOLUME 06 ISSUE

OILFIELD TECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER 2013 www.energyglobal.com  UVUV_PKPaPUN HTLYPJHZ'^H[LYHKKP[P]LZJVT ¶OPNOS`LMMLJ[P]L  )PVJPKLZ Ž (U[PZJHSHU[Z  Ž *VU[HJ[\Z[VKH`!   HZPHWHJPÄJ'^H[LYHKKP[P]LZJVT  TPKKSLLHZ['^H[LYHKKP[P]LZJVT  L\YVWL'^H[LYHKKP[P]LZJVT  ^^^^H[LYHKKP[P]LZJVT  )>(Z\WWVY[ZVPSHUKNHZZLY]PJLJVTWHUPLZ  )LSSHZVSZJHSLPUOPIP[VYZHYLLU]PYVUTLU[HSS`  5L^)LSSHJPKL )LSSHJPKL  :\Z[HPUHISL:VS\[PVUZMVY :L]LYL:LY]PJL*VUKP[PVUZ )LSSHZVS  IPVJPKL[OH[PTWYV]LZOLHS[OHUKZHML[`>PKLS`\ZLK  PUO`KYH\SPJMYHJRPUN ‹ )>(>H[LY(KKP[P]LZPZ[OLNSVIHSSLHKLYPUZ\Z[HPUHISL ^H[LY[YLH[TLU[ZVS\[PVUZMVY[VWZPKLVYKV^UOVSL WYVK\J[PVUZLH^H[LYPUQLJ[PVUVYZX\LLaL[YLH[TLU[ ‹ ‹  PUV]LY JV\U[YPLZ  MYPLUKS`OPNOWLYMVYTHUJLHU[PZJHSHU[WVS`TLYZ 

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| 03 | EDITORIAL COMMENT | 41 | DRIVING DRILLING EFFICIENCY Matt Regan and Ben Lovell, Kongsberg Oil & Gas Technologies, | 05 | WORLD NEWS Norway, show how access to real time data is becoming a fundamental part of drilling optimisation.

| 10 | BRACING FOR THE BRAZILIAN BOOM | 45 | WORKING WITH THE WONDERS OF WIRELESS Simon Coton, NES Global Talent, UK, discusses skills shortages and Victor Garcia and Adrienne Lutovsky, ProSoft Technology, USA, solutions in Brazil’s oil and gas sector. and Chris Deakin, Boss Automation, USA, take a look at the varied applications of wireless technology in an oilfield environment. | 13 | SEIZING THE ONSHORE OPPORTUNITY IN BRAZIL José de Sá, John Norton and Juan Carlos Gay, Bain & Company, | 49 | KEEPING AN EYE ON THE MARGINS show that Brazil’s oil and gas industry has tremendous new Mark Patton, Wireless Automation Group, USA, shows how wireless opportunities onshore, but to make the most of these new reserves, monitoring of oilfield assets can cut risks and boost profits. operators will need new capabilities and the ability to operate efficiently. | 53 | WORKING WITH THE 4TH DIMENSION | 18 | INNOVATION AT ISLAY Graham Brew, Dynamic Graphics Inc., USA, and Jane Wheelwright, Dynamic Graphics Ltd., UK, discuss the integration of 4D seismic data Sylvain Denniel and Brian Lynch, Technip UK, show how Total’s Islay into the reservoir management workflow. project is a key example of the kind of innovation required in today’s E&P and subsea service delivery market. | 58 | WATER, WATER, EVERYWHERE | 25 | WHAT CAN YOU DO WITH CO ? Tony Robertson, NEL, UK, looks at the challenge of dealing with 2 waste water from unconventional gas production in the UK. Oilfield Technology correspondent, Gordon Cope explains how although combining enhanced oil recovery with carbon sequestration sounds like a win-win situation, significant hurdles stand in the way. | 63 | THE DEVIL IS IN THE DETAILS Joy Sutton, Harry Kaufman, Arash Shadravan and George Song, | 29 | AUTOMATING ARTIFICIAL LIFT MANAGEMENT CSI Technologies, USA, examine cementing best practices to prevent gas migration and counter annular pressure build-up. Julian Cudmore, Zenith Oilfield Technology, UK, takes a look at a well surveillance system that can allow operators to automate the processes involved in optimising artificially lifted wells. | 67 | TAKING TUBULARS OFFLINE Aaron Sinnott, Weatherford, USA, details a streamlined tubular | 32 | FINDING THE PATH OF LEAST RESISTANCE management programme that can reduce costs and improve wellsite performance. Sarah Mitchell and Rob Nordlander, WWT International Inc., USA, examine the importance of bearings in reducing friction in extended reach wells. | 73 | FUTURE-PROOFING Dr. Rod Martin, Element Materials Technology, UK, explains why the | 37 | VANQUISHING VIBRATION development of advanced oilfield technology is key to the future of ultra-deepwater subsea processing. Brad Harkey, Richard Hewlett, Richard Schultze and Daan Veeningen, NOV Downhole, USA, provide a historical perspective on the oil and gas industry’s progress in bringing clarity in downhole dynamics, and | 77 | HIGH DEMAND, LOW SUPPLY reveal/discuss the resulting technological developments. Mark Guest, OilCareers.com, UK, explains how training and development investment are seen as critical to easing the skills shortage as unconventionals take centre stage.

On this month’s cover >>

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Copyright © Palladian Publications Ltd 2013. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. All views expressed in this journal are those of the respective contributors and are not necessarily the opinions of the publisher, neither do the publishers endorse any of the claims made in the articles or the advertisements. Printed in the UK. Images courtesy of www.bigstockphoto.com. CUSTOMER FOCUS OUR FOCUS IS YOUR SUCCESS.

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eadlines over these fi rst days of September have centred on Middle East, oil prices tend to climb. Representative of traders oil and gas geopolitics, Syria and rising crude prices, as the growing worried about seemingly likely military intervention in Syria, Hcost of a barrel recently hit a two-year high. West Texas Intermediate crude for October delivery settled at Syria dominated the 2013 G-20 Saint Petersburg Summit, US$ 110.53, its highest since May 2011. October Brent rose to trade where US President Barack Obama and Russian President above US$ 116/bbl. Analysts anticipate supply to recover in due Vladimir Putin clashed over a united response to last month’s course, yet not quickly enough to check a short-term spike in prices. chemical weapons attack on civilians, which left more than Despite the fact that Syria neither exports much oil nor controls 1400 dead in a suburb of Damascus. No one has taken responsibility a critical trade route, its civil war has become a proxy battle for the for the assault, and at time of press, a promised preliminary UN world’s largest energy producers, with Russia and Iran backing report on the chemical attack has yet to be published. The US states President Bashar al-Assad, and Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the US it has proof that the attack was carried out by government forces, supporting the rebels. Adding to the world’s unease and pushing while Moscow, an ally of President Bashar al-Assad’s regime, claims up prices, production is currently down in several OPEC countries the attack was the work of rebels to attract a foreign-led strike. such as Iran (down 1.2 million bpd); Libya (1.2 million bpd); Nigeria Earlier this summer, President Putin told journalists that the (300 000 bpd); and Iraq (250 000 bpd) due to sanctions, labour Syria question was an appropriate topic for the summit and brazenly strikes, thefts and attacks. added that: “I will be addressing Obama not as my colleague, not Perhaps this is why some have chosen to focus on innovation as the US President but as the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize.” coming out of the US Eagle Ford Shale this month, where producers In the aftermath of the summit, Russia has set forth a plan to put are driving down the cost of their wells by using techniques such as Syria’s chemical weapons under international control. Although ‘pad drilling’: sending multiple wells radiating off in different directions requirements remain vague, the Russian news agency Interfax has from a single site. quoted Syrian Foreign Minister Walid Muallem as saying that his William Thomas, Chief Executive of EOG Resources, said last country agrees with Russia and that the initiative would “remove the month that it had cut the average cost of a well in the Eagle Ford grounds for American aggression”. The US and France have spoken Shale from US$ 6 million to US$ 5.5 million. The long-term outlook on out in support of Moscow’s plan, but will want to keep military this US industry is still debatable, although the International Energy options open to avoid a game of cat and mouse. Agency has predicted that before the end of the decade the US Although not a major exporter, Syria holds 2.5 billion bbls of would be the world’s largest oil producer2 and the shale revolution crude oil as of January 2013, the largest proved reserve of crude oil has undoubtedly a large part to play in realising this goal. in the eastern Mediterranean, besides Iraq.1 However, after two and As the oil and gas industry soldiers on we look forward to a half years of civil war, exploration has come to a standstill, with hearing about new technologies and successful case studies from international oil companies once operating in Syria abandoning their across the globe. operations due to escalating violence and sanctions targeting the If you’ve picked up a copy of this issue at SPE ATCE, then country’s energy sector. come and say hello to the Oilfi eld Technology team at booth 353. To Currently, Russia is the only remaining international partner still share news and interact from further afi eld, join our discussions on working to develop Syria’s oil and gas resources over the past year. LinkedIn (Oilfi eld Technology group), Twitter (@Energy_Global), and Understandably, when there is the threat of trouble in the on Facebook (EnergyGlobal). Looking forward to hearing from you!

 2305.4º>O`0Z:`YPH0TWVY[HU[MVY6PS7YPJLZ&»4VUL`UL^ZJVTO[[W!^^^ TVUL`UL^ZJVT4HYRL[Z:`YPHVPS9\ZZPH4\ZSPTZ PK  5.<@,53º<:6PS6\[W\[[V6]LY[HRL:H\KP(YHIPH»ZI`»)SVVTILYN O[[W!^^^ISVVTILYNJVTUL^Z\Z[VV]LY[HRLZH\KPHYHIPHZVPS James Little Managing Editor: WYVK\J[PVUI`PLHZH`ZO[TS james.little@oilfi eldtechnology.com Deputy Editor: Cecilia Rehn cecilia.rehn@oilfi eldtechnology.com Editorial Assistant: David Bizley Contact information >> david.bizley@oilfi eldtechnology.com Rod Hardy Advertisement Director: Oilfield Technology subscription rates: Annual subscription £80 UK including postage/£95/e130 overseas (postage rod.hardy@oilfi eldtechnology.com airmail)/US$ 130 USA/Canada (postage airmail). Two year discounted rate £128 UK including postage/£152/e208 overseas Ben Macleod (postage airmail)/US$ 208 USA/Canada (postage airmail). Advertisement Sales Executive: ben.macleod@oilfi eldtechnology.com Subscription claims: Claims for non receipt of issues must be made within three months of publication of the issue or they Chris Lethbridge Business Development Manager: will not be honoured without charge. eldtechnology.com chris.lethbridge@oilfi Applicable only to USA & Canada: Oilfield Technology Magazine (ISSN No: 1757-2134, USPS: 025-171) is published Production: Natalie Callow monthly by Palladian Publications Ltd GBR and distributed in the USA by SPP, 17B S Middlesex Ave, Monroe NJ 08831. natalie.callow@oilfi eldtechnology.com Periodicals postage paid at New Brunswick, NJ. Website Editor: Callum O’Reilly Postmaster: Send address changes to Palladian Publications, 17B S Middlesex Ave, Monroe NJ 08831. [email protected] Victoria McConnell Circulation Manager: Palladian Publications Ltd, 15 South Street, Farnham, Surrey GU9 7QU, UK eldtechnology.com victoria.mcconnell@oilfi Tel: +44 (0) 1252 718 999 Fax: +44 (0) 1252 718 992 Subscriptions: Laura Cowell Website: www.energyglobal.com laura.cowell@oilfi eldtechnology.com Catherine Gower Reprint/Marketing Assistant: [email protected] OILFIELD TECHNOLOGY Nigel Hardy Publisher: September 2013  MULTI-STAGE FRACTURING

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// China & Kazakhstan // 22 agreements worth inbrief US$ 30 billion signed; Kashagan stake included USA US Interior Secretary Sally Jewell stated China and Kazakhstan have signed in 2000, also happens to be the world’s that there appeared to be no sense of 22 separate agreements worth largest oil discovery in 30 years. urgency amongst offshore drillers to US$ 30 billion. Kazakhstan’s President, According to Sauat Mynbayev, the return to the Arctic. Nursultan Nazarbayev was quoted as head of Kazakhstan’s state-owned “I have not heard from any saying, “Among these, there are oil and gas company KazMunaiGas, companies an urgency to go forward large-scale ones, including on CNPC will pay a further US$ 3 billion until they’re ready and they are co-operation in the oil and gas sector, towards the funding of the second confident they can do it in a safe and which are essential for us.” phase of development at the Kashagan responsible way”, stated Jewell. Included in the bundle of field; the field is expected to begin Statoil, Eni and Repsol all hold agreements is an agreement worth production from 2020. Arctic leases, but with their enthusiasm US$ 5 billion involving the Caspian Sea The agreements come as part of potentially having been cooled by Kashagan field. China’s President Xi a concerted effort to boost relations Shell’s slow progress, they have yet to said, “An agreement has been reached between the two countries, as well as put forward any exploration plans. betwen the two countries about China’s the deals covering investment in the oil participation in the development of the and gas industry. Xi and Nazarbayev LIBYA Kashagan field.” signed a pledge to strengthen their An official from Libya’s The deal will see China National nations’ strategic partnership. Xi stated: National Oil Corp. was reported as Petroleum Corp. (CNPC) gain an “Our co-operation is entering a new saying that, due to ongoing protests 8.33% stake in the massive field, level [...] As they say, close neighbours and disruption, the country’s oil which contains recoverable reserves of are closer than distant relatives. We production had fallen to approximately approximately 13 billion bbls. of crude assign high priority to our relations with 150 000 bpd with exports dropping to oil. The field, which was discovered the Central Asian countries.” 80 000 bpd. Naji Mukhtar, the head of the // Oasis Petroleum // // Lukoil // Q2 net General National Assembly said that “production has stopped as a result of US$ 1.5 billion in deals income doubles the port closures and production has reached almost zero.” Mukhtar warned Houson-based Oasis Petroleum Russian independent oil and gas that Libya’s reputation was being has offered US$ 1.515 billion across company Lukoil has announced damaged and that it was at risk of four deals for 116 000 acres of that its net income for Q2 2013 was losing long-term customers. North Dakota’s Williston Basin, giving US$ 2.1 billion, more than double last the company “high quality acreage year’s figure. One explanation for the UZBEKISTAN in the heart of the Bakken and significantly higher figure is that income Tethys Petroleum has received final Three Forks play.” for last year was hit by an increased presidential approval for a production The purchases increase the tax bill. enhancement contract (PEC) covering company’s total acreage by almost However, despite the significant the Chegra group of oilfields in southern 50%, bringing the overall figure to rise in income, the figure still fell Uzbekistan. 492 000 acres. The newly acquired short of analysts average estimate of The PEC must now be registered assets currently produce approximately US$ 2.25 billion. with various government bodies, in 9300 boepd and are expected to In recent years, the company has order for work to begin; this process is bring Oasis’ total production to had to deal with declining production, expected to take two months. Tethys’ 43 000 boepd. as its fields in Western Siberia (which Executive Chairman and President, The acreage, most of which is make up the majority of its assets) have Dr David Robson said, “It was a great situated in the West Williston area of begun to deplete. In a bid to combat pleasure to receive confirmation of the North Dakota, holds proved reserves this decline, the company has bought presidential approval.” of 45.7 million boe with a net value just into assets outside of Russia, such as short of US$ 900 million. the giant West-Qurna 2 field in Iraq.

OILFIELD TECHNOLOGY September 2013 05 world news

diarydates // CGG // 10 000 km2 // Argentina // March Malaysian 3D shoot won auction for Vaca Muerta 22 - 27 September SEG International Exposition and 83rd Annual Petronas has awarded CGG with a According to reports, the Neuquen Meeting contract to complete and process province of Argentina has scheduled Houston, USA 10 000 km2 3D seismic survey offshore the next lease sale for the Vaca Muerta E: [email protected] Sabah and Sarawak in Malaysia. shale field for March next year. www.segorg/web/annual-meeting-2013 The acquisition began in August Patagonia’s regional Energy and is expected to last for five months; Minister said that the auction will cover 30 September - 2 October two vessels, the Viking Vision and a 500 km2 section of the field where SPE ATCE Geowave Voyager, have been deployed companies had earlier won rights to New Orleans, USA in order to ensure that the shoot is operate but later failed to provide the E: [email protected] completed before the monsoon season. investment. He was quoted as saying, www.spe.org/atce/2013 The Vision and Voyager will be covering “The idea is to hold the auction in spreads of 12 x 100 x 8100 m and March or April [...] We are going to 29 - 31 October 8 x 100 x 8100 m respectively in a test the market to see how interested OTC Brasil Broadseis configuration designed to companies are, at least in exploration.” Rio de Janiero, Brazil address the challenging geology. It is estimated that the entire E: [email protected] Although CGG did not specify Vaca Muerta could, underneath its www.otcbrasil.org/2013 exactly which blocks the survey would 3 million acre area, contain up to be covering, the company did mention 661 billion bbls. of oil and 1181 trillion ft3 that the geology covered would include of natural gas. Despite these potential 10 - 13 November carbonate layers, complex channels riches, the recent nationalisation of YPF ADIPEC and shallow gas anomalies. has made foreign investors cautious. Abu Dhabi, UAE E: [email protected] www.adipec.com // UK // So far no technical fault found after Sumburgh heli accident

webnews The UK’s Air Accident Investigation Bureau has released a statement saying that it had so far been unable to find any highlights “causal technical failure” that lead to the crash. However, further detailed examination of the incident is still ongoing and Ì BP discovers gas in Salamat well in could potentially shed more light on the event. Egypt The crash, which resulted in the deaths of four crew members, occurred as 11 year old AS332 LW Ì ABB and Statoil to develop Super Puma helicopter was flying to the Sumburgh airport deepwater subsea power and control in the Shetland Islands. All Super Puma flights were technologies cancelled for six days in the wake of the accident until the Helicopter Safety Steering Group (set up by Oil and Gas UK) Ì Engineers wanted Down Under suggested that the flights could resume. The AAIB has stated that, “At about two miles from the runway threshold the helicopter was approximately 240 ft To read more Scan for the below the vertical approach profile, with a rate of descent of about ENERGY GLOBAL these articles and for iPhone/iPad App about 500 ft/min, and an airspeed of 68 knots.” more event listings go to: “The airspeed continued to reduce below 30 knots and as it did so the helicopter pitched increasingly nose-up. The rate of descent remained constant for a period, before increasing rapidly. Shortly thereafter the helicopter, which was intact, struck the sea in a near level pitch attitude with a slight right bank. Both engines were delivering power until impact.”

OILFIELD TECHNOLOGY 06 September 2013 POWER OF INNOVATION / EXTENDED REACH OPERATIONS

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// Iraq // Maysan oilfield // UK // Shale gas will not endanger environmental goals contracts dished out

The UK Secretary of State, Edward Davey According to the DECC’s Chief The Iraqi Oil Ministry has handed has defended the safe and responsible Scientific Advisor, David Mackay, out contracts to three companies exploration for shale gas in the UK, as he who worked on the report, the “study for the drilling of 39 production wells spoke about a report released by the UK indicated that shale gas, if properly in the Maysan oilfields. The Maysan Department for Environment and Climate regulated, is likely to have a greenhouse fields, operated by CNOOC and Change (DECC) that estimates that “the gas footprint no worse than the other Turkish Petroleum Corp. (TPAO), contain carbon footprint of UK produced shale fossil fuels that society currently depends approximately 2.5 billion boe. gas would likely be significantly less than on.” Weatherford won two contracts worth coal and also lower than imported LNG.” He continued, “To ensure that US$ 94.98 million and US$ 82.39 million. Davey was quoted as saying, “Gas, shale gas exploitation doesn’t increase Bohai Drilling Company won a as the cleanest fossil fuel, is part of the cumulative greenhouse gas emissions, US$ 96.66 million contract, and COSL answer to climate change, as a bridge in it is crucial that society maintains efforts (a unit of CNOOC) was awarded a our transition to a green future, especially to drive down the costs of low-carbon contract worth US$ 73.82 million. TPAO in our move away from coal.” technologies, including carbon capture and CNOOC signed an agreement “We have to face it: North Sea gas and storage.” in 2010 to develop the Maysan fields production is falling and we are becoming The UK has potentially significant with a production target of 450 000 bpd increasingly reliant on gas imports. So shale gas reserves, but despite a by 2016. UK shale gas could increase our energy government keen to begin extraction, Iraq has also announced that it would security by cutting those imports.” public opinion remains divided. be extending its oil export agreement with neighbouring Jordan for an extra year. // Tullow Oil // Makes // Max Petroleum // // Petrobras // July first Arctic discovery Sagiz West & Uytas update production falls 2.5%

Tullow Oil has made its first discovery in Independent oil and gas exploration and Brazilian state oil giant, Petrobras has the Arctic Barents Sea offshore Norway. production company, Max Petroleum, announced that its output for July fell by OMV, the operator of the prospect, has revealed that it has received 2.5% compared to last year’s figures. The in which Tullow holds a 20% stake, positive drilling results from wells in company, which produces the majority of encountered a reservoir that could both its Sagiz West and Uytas fields in Brazil’s oil and gas, said that the drop in hold 65 - 165 million bbls. of oil and Kazakhstan. production was due to maintenance work 10 - 40 billion ft3 of natural gas. The SAGW-5 well located in the at production facilities and platforms. In a statement, OMV said, “The well Sagiz West field was drilled to a total Overall, the company produced results are a breakthrough for the regional depth of 1395 m and hit 16 m of net 2.49 million boepd in July, down from last exploration activities as the presence of pay over a 19 m interval. According to year’s figure of US$ 2.55 million boepd. good quality oil shows the possible large the company, reservoir quality appears Domestic crude output for July was also potential of an area, which will see more to be very good with a porosity range down by 4.6% when compared to June. exploration drilling in the near future.” of 15 - 25%. Once permission from the The company released as statement The appraisal well was drilled to a government has been received, the next saying that, “The decrease in July total depth of 905 m in water depths stage is to begin production tests. The was due to scheduled maintenance of 373 m and will be plugged and drilling rig is now to move on to drilling shutdowns on Campos Basin platforms, abandoned after the completion of the SAGW-6 well. in addition to the completion of an further testing. The drilling rig is then The UTS-13 well in the Uytas field extended well test in the Sapinhoa Norte due to move on to drill the 7323/7-1 S was drilled to 208 m total depth and field, in the Santos Basin pre-salt, at the Wisting Alternative prospect, also uncovered 8 m of net oil pay over a 53 m operated by the itinerant production operated by OMW. interval. Reservoir quality is reportedly unit FPSO Cided de Sao Vincente. In The discovery is a positive result for excellent and, as with SAGW-5, September, a new extended test well will the region after Statoil postponed the production testing is planned to begin be carried out in the Lula Extremo Sul 600 million bbl Johan Casterberg find. once governmental approval is obtained. area.”

OILFIELD TECHNOLOGY 08 September 2013 DECISIONSPACE

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Simon Coton, NES Global Talent, UK, discusses skills shortages and solutions in Brazil’s oil and gas sector.

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 THE BOOM

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