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TRACKS of SIDDHA MEDICINE in ANDHRA PRADESH Ala Narayana*, T

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TRACKS of SIDDHA MEDICINE in ANDHRA PRADESH Ala Narayana*, T r Journal Ind. Med. Heritage Vol.XXXIX - 2009. Pp.81 to 102 TRACKS OF SIDDHA MEDICINE IN ANDHRA PRADESH Ala Narayana*, T. Saketh Ram** & R. Rajasekaran*** ABSTRACT There are various theories and postulates regarding the originating place of Siddha medical tradition. Invariably owing to its current spread and wide practice in Tamil Nadu, it is very natural to attribute the origins to Tamil land. In one way this concurrence has helped it to survive in its original form as it guaranteed credibility, state support even today. On the contrary it also has limited its scope to only Tamil Nadu which in reality reduces its status to only a regional variant of medical form which is not desirable. A review in the history of Dravida land down south of Vindhya Mountains, Eastern ghats covering Andhra Pradesh (across Orissa borders), Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala together paint a different picture. If this region is considered as a unit, to track the history, geography, cultural and religious links, the picture of Siddha sampradiiya is different & much wider geographical territory than the Tamilnadu. This study makes a humble attempt to trace such links of Siddha sampradiiya (tradition) from Andhra Pradesh. In the process it attempts to narrate the relationship of places like Mahendragiri (of Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh) with sage Agastya (OI~e of the very important Siddhars of Siddha medicine) and possible origins of very old common religion (.5aiva Siddhiinfa) propagated by Dakshinamurti, through his four disciples from this place. An attempt is made to look into possible links from Jaina literature and relevant resources to substantiate the points. In Andhra Pradesh we find many Archeological sites which show the evidences to the presence of Shiva and Siddhanta worship. A small survey of names of villages of Andhra Pradesh, district wise has been attempted at the end of the article to demonstrate how closely many places are distributed through out the state bearing names like Siddha, Sangam, Nandi which are still used in the same sense as they were used from time immemorial. Like in the case of Bhakti movement, cultural traditions Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu share a common legacy to share with each other. The tracks of Siddha medicine, Siddha sampradiiya are very clear everywhere in Andhra Pradesh. This paper welcomes scholars working on the topics related to Siddha, to take up further studies in this direction and enrich the Siddha literature. *Director, **Senior Research Fellow / Ph.D. Scholar (Ay.) & ***Research Officer (Siddha), National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage, Osmania Medical College Building, Putlibowli, Hyderabad-500095, India. 82 Joumallnd.Med. Heritage Vol.XXXIX - 2009 Unity in diversity is the inherent character of Indian civilization. Medical pluralism, co existence of different types of medical practices is a common feature in this country from by gone ages. One can find & experience this unity of spirit with all its regional diversities from aseluhimacala i.e. Adam's Bridge (RamaseluWalasetu) to Himalayas. As a culturally vibrant society, India excelled in all aspects of human excellence, out of which Medicine is one of the main branches and it is integral part of human race for the survival, health and longevity. Siddha system of medicine as is known today has its deep roots in the ancient belief systems, religion and philosophy. In principle and practice it has its uniqueness in terms of independent lineage, philosophy and practice. There are various theories and postulates regarding the originating place of this medical tradition. Invariably owing to its current spread and wide practice in Tamilnadu, it is very natural to attribute the origins to Tamil land. In one way this concurrence has helped it to survive in its original form as it guaranteed credibility, state support even today. On the contrary it also has limited its scope to only Tamilnadu which in reality reduces its status to only a regional variant of medical form which is not desirable. In the process it attempts to narrate the relationship of places like Mahendragiri (of Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh) with sage Agastya (one of the very important Siddhars of Siddha medicine) and possible origins of very old common religion (&ziva Siddhanla) propagated by Dakshinamurti, through his four disciples from this place. The article also tries to look into possible links from Jaina literature and relevant resources to substantiate the points. In Andhra Pradesh we find many Archeological sites which show the evidences to the presence of Siva and Siddhanla worship. A small survey of names of villages of Andhra Pradesh, district wise has been attempted at the end of the article to demonstrate how closely many places are distributed through out the state bearing names like Siddha, Sangam, Nandi which are still used in the same sense as they were used from time immemorial. Andhra Pradesh - Native Medical Traditions an over view. The traditional medicine in Andhra Pradesh is known as Ayurveda (the knowledge of life). Major religions in Andhra Pradesh have claimed the origin of medicine from Tracks of Siddha Medicine - Ala Narayana et al. 83 their Gods. vaishnavaites believe that Dhanvantari, the incarnation of Vishnu as the lord of Ayurveda. Shiava physicians believe that Shiva is the lord of medicine, Vaidyendra, and believe that all the Rasa Sastra (Chemistry) was revealed by Siva or his wife PiirvatJ: Riivana, famous devotee of lord Siva, learned the science from Parvati and wrote Arkaprakiisa. Jains followed a different school of medicine called Samantabhadra School. According to Jaina tradition all knowledge was revealed to Jaina sages by the 'the protector,' and this revealed knowledge was divided into 12 divisions. Medicine is one ofthese twelve divisions and is known as Prfinavaya. Another tradition is the Siddha School of Medicine or Agastya sampradaya, which was founded by sage Agastya in Tamilnadu and spread to Andhra.' Interestingly the observation with respect to sage Agastya reveal that he has moved from north to south i.e. from Andhra Pradesh to Tamilnadu, hinting that there is a possibility of prevalence of Siddha tradition in Andhra Pradesh well before Ayurveda took roots here. With the time it was completely driven out but still continued to show its presence in the form of Rasassstra. The Agastya (Siddha) samprsdays its salient features' This (Siddha) system of medicine is prevalent in the regions south of Vindhya Mountains. It said that this system was proposed (sampradaya pravartaka) by 44 Siddhars, 22 Siddhars and according to some 18 members. The last version is widely accepted today. The descent of this system is as follows: Isvara (Siva) taught to Parvati, Piirtvatitaught to Nandisvara and he taught A svini; from them Dhanvantari -Agastya- Pulastya- Terayyar-Uhamuni etc. Two types of Siddhats are identified amongst whom a. Sanskrit knowing - Agastya, Terayyar Bhogar, Pulippani etc., b. Dravida - Tamil known Siddhars as "ten". In both these systems we find predominant use is of Rasa (mercurial) preparations, which are different from the ones described in Rasasdstra texts viz., Nagarjuna rasatantra etc., for example Gurubhasma- a basma prepared from Mailatuttha, Sauvira which is mixed along with any other metal intended to be converted to Bhasma which 84 Journal Ind.Med. Heritage Vol.XXXIX - 2009 is quite unique to this semprsaiiys: According to Pandita Divigopalacarya, this is more effective method than that is recommended in Rasasiistra texts. Siddha semprediiye describe many drugs-herbs which are indigenous to South India (South of Vindya Mountains). The description of the properties of the drugs does not follow the regular conventions like Rasa, GU(1a, VTrya, Vipaka as described in classic Ayurveda text books. Instead it restricts itself to Prabhava (specific activity), Rupa(description) and GU(1a(properties). Some drugs like Shivanarvembu, Kuppaimeni, Puvarasham etc., are not at all described in Ayurvedic classics like Carakasamhita and others 4. Dravidavagmaya: it is beyond dispute to acknowledge that surround areas of river Tamrapami and cities of Madurai there were many Dravida sangha which were brimming with cultural developments which contributed to a lot of literature in classic Tamil. The books belong to specializations viz., In JyiJti~a (Astrology), Vedanta (Philosophy), Vaidya (medicine), Sangita (Arts) etc., among those around 150 vaidya books are identified. Some of them are Agastyar perumtirattu, Agastyar Ayurvedabhashyam, Agastya bhasmamurai', Another distinguishing contribution is A~!asthana parik~a - first described by these physicians which can be considered as original contribution of Agastya sampradaya to Ayurveda. This is not mentioned as is in Carakasamhita, Susrutasamhita and A~!angah!daycl' . Siddha sampradaya-Review 7 Who is the first yogi or Siddhar?, the corpus of Tamil declares him as yoga Dakshinamurti". He is known as prarama Siva, premesvere, siddhesvara, yogesvara, mahadeva, metiesvere, mahendra, maunamutrti, ga(1a milrti. Tirukku/ambha~a Jaina Tamil work equates the first Tirthankara Ruhan with Siva8• The concept of this has been consolidated by a section of Hindus as Saiva Siddhanta, and by Jains as Siddhanta during 3 B.c. which aged by svetambara Jainas. Historian Nilakantha Sastri states that Saiva Siddhantam has similarities with Sankhya philosophy, and applications of yoga training as its components. Haribhadra a Jain scholar states that Ka(1ada (Vaise~ika darsana), Gautama (Nyaya darsana) are •••••• I Tracks of Siddha Medicine - Ala Narayana et al. 85 9 Slvas • This discussion facilitates to state that Sar7khya and other philosophies have emerged from the teachings of yogi Dakshinamurti. Siddhanta has included additional Padarthas. Sar7khyahas 24 Padarthas, yoga adds Adideva to the same list, where as Siddhantam identifies 36 Padarthas.lO. Served as mother for the religions hinduism, buddism and jainism. Dakshinamurti the first Siddhar/yogi is considered as the propounder of this thought, who is also known as Siva. According to Sir John Marshel Saivamatam is the eldest and living religion, four disciples of yoga Dakshinamurti such as I.
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