Privacy Injunctions and the Media

A Practice ManuaL

lain Goldrein QC MA (Cantab)

Recorder; Visiting Proj(essor (The Sir Jack Jacob Chair) in Litigation: Nottingham Law School; Companion of the Academy of Experts; Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts; Fellow of the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies; Council Member: International Institute oj'Experts (Hong Kong); Editorial Board: Civil Court Practice; Advisory Editor: Hong Kong Civil Procedure

assisted by Richard Brant LLB (Hons 1st Class)

• II ~\ ~ T'

OXFORD AND PORTLAND. OREGON 2012 Contents

Foreword Vll

Preface IX

User :s' Guide XVI

Table of Cases XXI

Table o.f Legislation XXXV

Part 1 Primary source material and legal principles Part 2 Applicant practice management: Article 6 derogations from open justice 27 Part 3 The interaction of Articles 8 and 10 49 Part 4 Proportionality 75 Part 5 Practice principles underpinning an Article 8 application 103 Part 6 Case management for Article 8 applications 115 Part 7 Applicant proceedings checklist up to (but not including) servIce 147 Part 8 Service checklist for applicants 161 Part 9 Defence practice points in response to an Article 8 application 171 Part 10 Quality control checklist for the courtroom 183 Part 11 Journalist's checklist 193 Part 12 Harassment and the media 197 Part 13 Derogation from open justice and claims by children for approval of large personal injury awards 227 Part 14 Reporting restriction orders in the Family Division 229 Part 15 Template model statement 331 Part 16 Mediation 341 Part 17 Practice Guidance: Interim Non-Disclosure Orders 359 Part 18 Examples of orders from the cases (and a model notice of application) 379 Part 19 Civil Procedure Rules 391 Part 20 Codes of Practice 457 Part 21 Key words highlighted in the Case Digest (and specifically indexed) 463 Part 22 Case Digest 465 Case Digest Keywords Concordance 1155 Index 1159

xx TabLe of Cases

A (A minor) & Others v A Health & Social Services Trust [2010] NIQB 108 897, 931 A, Band C v Ireland [GC], no 25579/05, § 232, 16 December 2010, BALLI!: [2010] ECHR 2032 1024 A, Re (Fam, 15/16 June 2001) 1067 A v A, B v B [2000] 1 FLR 701 305 A vB & C (Flitcroft v MGN Ltd) [2002] EWCA Civ 337; [2003] QB 195 125, 141-2, 179,506-15,521,535,543,565,582,585,596,598,608, 610, 614, 629, 634-5, 637-9, 645, 650,691,789,933,1067,1137,1148,1150 A vB, C, & D [2005] EMLR 26; [2005] EWHC 1651 (QB)38, 53, 55, 57, 73,179,464,563-73 A v M (Family Proceedings: Publicity) [2000] I FLR 562 315,478-9 A v United Kingdom 35373/97 [2002] ECHR 811; (2003) 36 EHRR 51 54, 483-4, 842, 895, 897, 1099 ABC Ltd v Y [2010] EWHC 3176 366 Abdulaziz, Cabales and Balkandali v United Kingdom, 28 May 1985, BAILII: [1985] EHRR 47, Series A no 94 1024 Abrams v United States (1919) 250 US, 616 211, 481 ADT v United Kingdom, no 35765/97, BAILlI: [2000] ECHR 402, ECHR 2000-IX 1024 AF Noonan (Architectural Practice) Ltd v Boumemouth and Boscombe Athletic Community Football Club Ltd [2007] EWCA Civ 848; 1 WLR 2614 305 AG v Greater Manchester Newspapers [2001] EWHC QB 451 109, 169,654 AG v Guardian Newspapers Ltd (No 2) [Spyeatcher] [1988] UKHL 26, [1990] lAC 109 .49, 1, 82, 123, 174, 211, 241, 467, 469, 478, 481, 486, 494, 510, 534, 543-4, 564, 569, 594, 601, 632,647,651,667,692,696, 698, 70~ 1047-8, 1055, 1089, 1102 AG v Leveller Magazine Ltd [1979] AC 440 295-6, 302, 913, 941-2 AG v Newspaper Publishing pic, The Times, 28 February 1990 155, 495, 989-91 AG v Newspaper Publishing pic [1988] Ch 333 ..... 154-5, 181, 381, 492, 494, 829-30, 942, 989, 1053 AG v Observer Ltd [1990] I AC 109 14, 63 AG v Punch Ltd [200 I] QB 1028 989 AG v Punch Ltd [2002] UKHL 50; [2003] 1 AC 1046 .. 151-2, 154, 179, 381, 491-506, 874, 884 AG v Steen [2001] EWCA 403 73 AG v Times Newspapers Ltd [1992] 1 AC 191 24, 155, 492, 494-5, 497-9, 989 AG v Times Newspapers Ltd and Others [2001] EWCA Civ 97, [2001] 1 WLR 885 159, 466-75,503,563,650, 1047 AG's Reference No 3 of 1999: Application by the BBC to set aside or vary a Reporting Restriction Order [2009] UKHL 34; [2009] 3 WLR 142; [2010] 1 AC 145 19, 77, 79,128, 143,176-7,738-43,814,819,821,838,892,929,993,1095 Airey v Ireland 2 EHRR 305 .483 AI-Fagih v HH Saudi Research & Marketing (UK) Ltd [2002] EMLR 13 681 AI-Qaida and Taliban (United Nations Measures) Order 2006 810-11, 823 Albert (Prince) v Strange (1849) I Mac & G 25; 64 ER 293; (1849) 2 De G & Sm; [1849J EWHC Ch 120 xiv. 10.57.593.698 AM (Somalia) v Entry Clearance Offieer [2009J EWCA Civ 634 806 Amann v Switzerland [GC]. no 27798/95. ECHR 2000-11. 30 EHRR 843 561. 760 Ambrosiadou v Coward [20 II J EWCA Civ 409 2. 28-9. 33. 45. 62, 151. 153-4. 360, 1042 American Cyanamid v Ethicon Ltd [1975J AC 396 23. 488-9, 497. 508. 619-20.622,626. 1006-7 AMM v HXW [2010J EWHC 2457 (QB) 28. 68. 360. 873. 877, 923. 962. 966 Archer (Lady) v Williams [2003J EMLR 38 718 Argyll (Duchess) v Argyll (Duke) [1967J I Ch 302 II. 695. 865, 977 Armonienc v Lithuania, no 36919/02. 25 November 2008, BAILII: [2008J ECHR 1526 13. 1012. 1024. 1026. 1028 Artico v Italy. judgment of 13 May 1980. Series A no 37 561 ASG v GSA [2009J EWCA Civ 1574 12.21.23-4,31,41. 104. 149-50. 162. 165. 189, 362,787-91.858,887,911, 1046 Ash v McKennitt [2006J EWCA Civ 1714; [2007J EMLR 113 5, 7-8, 10--11. 20. 41. 43. 45.56-7,59,61-2.67.69-70.81-2,88,121-3.127.141. 147. 171. 173.627-42 Ashley v Chief Constable of Sussex [2008J 2 WLR 975 719 Assicurazioni Generali SpA v Arab Insurance Group [2003J I WLR 577 694 Associated Newspapers Ltd v HRH Prince of Wales [2006J EWCA Civ 1776 [2008J 10. 12. 56.81-3. 123, 126, 134, 141, 174.656-60.835 Aubry v Les Editions Vice-Versa Inc [1998] I SCR 591... 547-8,551.600-1.709.765 Australian Broadcasting Corporation v Lenah Game Meats Pty Ltd (200 I) 185 ALR I 509. 536. 542, 597. 727-9 Author of a Blog v Times Newspapers Ltd [2009J EWHC 1358 (QB) 11. 24. 35. 61. 63.71-3,82,103-4.116,123,135,138.145.744-52 B, Re (A Child) (Disclosure) [2004] EWHC 411 (Fam); [2004J 2 FLR 142 298. 307. 313 B. Re (Care Proceedings: Standard of Proof) [2008J UKHL 35 267 B, Re [2007] EWHC 1622 (Fam); [2008] I FLR 482 314 B, Re [2008] EWHC 270 (Fam) [2008] 1 FLR 1460 314 B v France. judgment of 25 March 1992. Series A no 232-C .491 B v United Kingdom [200 I] 2 FLR 261; [2002J 34 EHRR 19 266. 298 BA (Nigeria) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2009] UKSC 7; [2009] 3 WLR 1253 806 Bacon v Automattic Inc, Wikipedia Foundation and Denver Post LLC [2011] EWHC 1072 (QB) 117 Barrymore v News Group Newspapers Limited [1997] FSR 600 12.83. 122, 1063. 1066 BBC v HarperCollins Publishers Ltd and others [20 10] EWHC 2424 970 BBC v Rochdale MBC and X and Y [2005] EWHC 2862 (Fam). [2007J I FLR 101 66, 246 BCD v Goldsmith [2011] EWHC 674 (QB) .42. 44.117,149,155-6.158-60,162.188. 190-1.364 Beese & Others v Woodhouse & Others [1970]1 WLR 586 105 Bell-Booth Group Ltd v Attorney-General [1989J 3 NZLR 148 624 Beloff v Pressdram Ltd [1973] I All ER 241 50, 706 Bensaid v United Kingdom Bensaid v United Kingdom [2001]33 EHRR 10 4-5,64.237. 490-1, 524. 759. 992-3

xxii Beoku-Betts v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2008] UKHL 39, [2009] AC 115 1038 Bernstein of Leigh (Baron) v Skyviews and General Ltd [1978] I QB 479 96 Bestobell Paints Ltd v Bigg [1975] FSR 421 171 Biriuk v Lithuania, no 23373/03, 25 November 2008, BAILIl: [2008] ECHR 1528 1013 B1M v Eyre and Others [2010] EWHC 2856 (QB) 228 BKM v BBC [2009] EWHC 3151 (Ch) .... 19, 21-2, 24,118,120,129,143,151,178-9,791-805 Black-Clawson International Ltd v Papierwerke-Asehatfenburg AG [1975] AC 591 623 Black v Yates [1992] QB 526; 4 All ER 722 926 Blackshaw v Lord [1984] QB I 680 Bladet Troms0 and Stensaas v Norway [GC], no 21980/93, BAILll: [1999] ECHR 29, ECHR 1999-111 472, 558,1025 Blair v Associated Newspapers Ltd. QBD, 10 March 2000 1089 Bloomsbury Publishing Group and lK Rowling v News Group Newspapers [2003] EWHC 1205 (Ch); [2003] 1 WLR 1633 110, 150,651-2,854 Bonnard v Perryman [1891] 2 Ch 269.99, 106, 171-2, 219-20, 463, 604, 616, 618-22, 624, 626, 636, 829, 842-3, 846, 852, 855, 966 Bonnick v Morris [2002] UKPC 31; [2003]1 AC 300 93, 686, 716, 840 Botta v Italy (1998) 26 EHRR 241 483, 524, 556, 558 British Steel Corporation v Granada Television [1981] AC 1096 61 I, 702 Broadcasting Corp of New Zealand v Att-Gen [1982] I NZLR 120 941 Browne of Madingley (Lord) v Associated Newspapers Ltd [2007] EWCA Civ 295; [2008J QB 103 7,28-9,38,43,46-7,50,52,62,67,77,81-2, 118, 123, 125, 139, 153, 168,360,380,688-97,788,856,865,888,911, 1035-6, 1046, 1080, 1082, 1120, 1139 Burghartz v Switzerland (1994) 18 EHRR 101 65, 491, 556, 739, 759-60 C, Re (A Minor) (unreported) 15 March 1990 475 C, Re (Adult Patient: Publicity) [1996] 2 FLR 251 287 C, Re (unreported) 15 March 1990 477, 479 C Pic v P (AG intervening) [2008] Ch I 1053 Cambridge Nutrition Ltd v BBC [1990] 3 All ER 523 488 Campbell v Frisbee [2002] EWCA Civ 1374; [2003] ICR 141 659 Campbell v MGN Ltd [2004] UKHL 22; [2004] 2 AC 457 5-8, 17,20,40,56,60-1,65, 70-1,73,75,77, 79-81, 83-8,90,94,96-8, 100, 107, 125, 128, 130, 140, 148, 175-7,236, 238,286,296,516,532,533-53,566, 569, 583,600,605-6,608,614,624,626,628,643,657, 663,671,684,694,697,705,708,718,724,725-6,738-9, 742, 744, 760, 764, 797, 818, 821, 836,838,860,904,933,983,989,997, 1035, 1041, 1046, 1056, 1060-1, 1081-2, 1084, 1095, 1117-19,1135,1143,1146,1151 Campmany y Diez de Revenga and Lopez Galiacho Perona v Spain (dec.), no 54224100, ECHR 2000-XIl 560 Caroline of Monaco (Princess) and Murray v Express Newspapers plc [2008] EWCA Civ 446, [2008] 3 WLR 1360 7, 96, 222, 559, 571, 592, 725, 737, 739, 758, 818 Carr v News Group Newspapers Ltd [2005] EWHC 97] (QB) 5,135-6,237,615,993 Cassell v Broome ]972 ACI027 72] CC v AB [2006] EWHC 3083 (QB) ]3, 15, 19, 22--3, 39-40, 47, 52, 55-6, 6], 63, 72, 77, 85,87,90,96,99-100, 1]5, 117-21, 125-6, 129-30, 135, 139, 141, 145, 172, 174, 185, 604--15,714,788-9

xxiii CDE & FGH v MGN Limited [2010] EWHC 3308 (QB) 61,78,116,933--44,1062 Ceylan v Turkey [GCL no 23556/94, BAILII: [1999] ECHR 44, ECHR 1999-IV I027 Charman v Orion Publishing Group [2007] EWCA Civ 972 679, 682 Chester v Afshar [2005] I AC 134 719 Child, A v Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust [2011] EWHC 454 (QB) 228 Child X, Re (Residence and Contact: Rights of Media Attendance) [2009] EWHC 1728; [2009] EMLR 26; [2009] 2 FLR 1467 300, 3 I8, 970 Cinpres Gas Injection Ltd v Melea Ltd, [2005] EWHC 3180 757 Clayton v Clayton [2006] EWCA Civ 878, [2007] FLR I J 268, 309, 1061 Cleveland Bridge UK Ltd v Multiplex Constructions (UK) Limited [2005] EWHC 2 I01 (TCC) 303 Clibbery v Allan [200 I] 2 FLR 819 3 I0, 523 Clibbery v Allan [2002] EWCA Civ 45, [2002] Fam 26 I; [2002] 1 FLR 565 299, 305-6, 310, 312,322,369,523 Cobra Golf Inc v Rata [1996] FSR 8 I9, 830-832 I053 Coco v AN Clark (Engineers) Ltd [1969] RPC 41 14, 52, 6 I, 534, 536, 593--4, 598, 60 I, 661, 698, 752 Coe v Central Television pic [1994] EMLR 433 975 Commissioners for Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs v Banerjee [2009] EWHC 1229 (Ch) and [2009] EMLR 24 55 Compaq Computer Corp v Dell Computer Corp Ltd [1992] FSR 93 17 I Cork v McVicar [1984] Times 31 October 89 Costello-Roberts v United Kingdom, judgment of 25 March 1993, Series A no 247-C. .49 I Cream Holdings Ltd v Banerjee [2005] lAC 253, [2004] UKHL 44 22-3, 153,286,359, 553--4, 573, 58 I, 584, 610, 622, 646, 67 I, 689, 788, 799, 860, 910, 923, 934, 938, 989, 997, 1006-7, 1049, 1083, 1105 Creation Records Limited v News Group Newspapers Ltd [1997] EMLR 444 601 Crest Homes v Ascott [1980] FSR 396 2 I9 CTB v News Group Newspapers Ltd and Imogen Thomas (No I) [2011] EWHC 1232 (QB) 9,41,52--4,61,78,86-7,89,106, 135, 137, 158, 1042-50 CTB v News Group Newspapers Ltd and Imogen Thomas (No 2) [20 I I] EWHC 1326 (QB) 8, 15,51,53,69,73,83,85,121,126,130,136,148,174,180, 242,1050-7,1089 CTB v News Group Newspapers Ltd and Imogen Thomas (No 3) [2011] EWHC 1334 (QB) 9,54,1057-8 Cumpiinii and Maziire v Romania [GC], no 33348/96, BAlLI!: [2004] ECHR 692, ECHR 2004 XI 604, 1027 o v 0 [2009] EWHC 946 (Fam); [2009] 2 FLR 324 312 o v L [2003] EWCA Civ 1169; [2004] EMLR I 97, 600, 708 Dain AO v Davis Frankel and Mead [2004] EWHC 2662 (Comm); [2005] I WLR 2951 303 De Haes and Gijsels v Belgium, 24 February 1997, BAlLI!: [1997] ECHR 7 1025 Dendron GmbH v University of California [2005] I WLR 200 1053 Department of Economic, Policy and Development of the City of Moscow v Bankers Trust Co [2004] EWCA Civ 314; [2005] QB 207 124 Derbyshire CC v Times Newspapers Ltd [1993] AC 534 2 I I, 48 I OFT v TFD [2010] EWHC 2335 (QB) 6--7, 13,29,41-2,45,51,68,73,85, 125, 139, 155-7,162,166,175,185,361-2,367,379,857-65,873, 896, 921, 923, 925, 941, 966, 997

xxiv Dickson v United Kingdom [GC], no 44362104, BAlLII: [2007] ECHR 1050, ECHR 2007 XIII 1025 Dobson v Hastings [1992] 2 WLR 414 305 Donald v Ntuli [2010] EWCA Civ 1276 [2011] 3 WLR 294 1, 3,17,23,28,30,38,40,43, 47,54,56,60-1,64,81,98, 104, 109, 134, 141, 149, 152, 155, 157,360,367,386,902-16, 923,925,934,941,943,945-6,949,971,980,994,1042, 1086, 1090-1, 1095, 1118 Doncaster Metropolitan Borough Council v Haigh and Tune and Others [20 II] EWHC BI6 (Fam) 87,260-83 Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 .485 Douglas v Hello' Ltd (No I) [200 I] QB 967, [2000] EWCA Civ 353 10, 142, 48390, 508,514,539,542,607,707,819 Douglas v Hello' Ltd (No 2) [2003] EMLR 28 15 Douglas v Hello! Ltd (No 6) [2003] 3 All ER 996 (at first instance); and in the Court of Appeal at [2005] EWCA Civ 595; [2006] QB 125 xv, 6,13-14,564-5,583,590-602, 628,660,692,708-9,718,836,847,1007,1046 Douglas v Hello! Ltd and others [2007] UKHL 21 6, 14,660-70 DPP v Collins [2006] I WLR 2223 938 Dudgeon v United Kingdom, 22 October 1981, BAILII: [1981] ECHR 5, Series A no 45; [1981] 4 EHRR 149 84, 86, 491, 546, 655, 710, 715, 1024, 1063, 1066 E, Re (A Minor) (Child Abuse: Evidence) [1991] I FLR 420 306 E v Channel Four Television Corporation [2005] EWHC 1144 (Fam) 141 Editions Pion v France, no 58148/00, ECHR 2004-1V; 42 EHRR 36 8, I I 8, 559-60, 894, 1064-6 Edwards v National Audubon Society 556 F. 2d 113 682 Entiek v Carrington (1765) 19 Howell's State Trials 1030; 95 ER 807 96, 823 ETK v News Group Newspapers [2011] EWCA Civ 439 6,8, 18,20,39,52,61,64, 73,77-8,98,125,134,136,139,167,183,190,999, 1033--42, 1080, 1086 Evans v United Kingdom [GC], no 6339/05, BAlLI!: [2007] ECHR 264, ECHR 2007 IV I024~·5 F, Re [1977] Fam 58 623 F v Newsquest Ltd and others [2004] EWHC 762 (Fam) [2004] EMLR 29 241 Ferdinand v MGN Ltd [2011] EWHC 2454 1126-54 Financial Times Ltd and Others v United Kingdom, no 821/03, 15 December 2009, BAILII: [2009] ECHR 2065 166, 830, 1025 Flood v Times Newspapers Ltd [2010] EWCA Civ 804 955, 1121 Franeome v Mirror Group Newspapers Ltd [1984] I WLR 892 50, 97,101,707,718,848 Fraser v Evans [1969] 1 QB 349 619,705,842 Fressoz and Roire v France (1999) 31 EHRR 28 94, 143,546,550,709,742,838 Friedl v Austria, judgment of 31 January 1995, Series A, no 305B, opinion of the Commission, 21 EHRR 83 65,67,98,491,556,760,768,770 Friel v Scott 2000 JC 86 812 G & G v Wikimedia Foundation Inc [2009] EWHC 3148 (QB) 3,30-1,38-9,44, 107-8, 117,150,158-9,365-8,752-7,852,984,1066 Galloway v Daily Telegraph [2006] EWCA Civ 17 at [68], [2006] EMLR 221 694 Gartside v Outram (1857) 26 LJ Charity 113 50, 89, 569, 706 Gaskin v United Kingdom (1990) 12 EHRR 36 525 Gibert and EI Hogar Y La Moda J.A. v Spain (dec.), no 14929/02, 13 May 2003 560 Gilbert v Star Newspaper Company Limited (1894) 51 TLR 4 601

xxv GIO Personal Investment Services Ltd v Liverpool and London Steamship Protection and Indemnity Association Ltd [1999] I WLR 984 303 Giral UK Ltd v Richardson [200 I] FSR I CA 912 Gleaner Company Ltd v Abrahams [2004] I AC 628 723 Goldsmith and anor v BCD [2011] EWHC 674 (QB) 42, 44, 117, 149, 155-6, 158-60, 162, 188, 190-1, 388, 977-88 Goodwin (Sir Frederick) v NGN Ltd [2011] EWHC 1309 (QB) 387 Goodwin (Sir Frederick) v NGN Ltd and VBN (No 3) [2011] EWHC 1437 (QB) 6-7, 9,11, 13,15,19,33,47,52,64,67,71,73,85,92,94,98,121, 134, 137--8, 144-5, 148, 160, 165-6, 169,173,175,181,186-7,239,242,1067-1104,1150 Goodwin v United Kingdom (1996) 22 EHRR 123 547 Goodwin v United Kingdom [GC], no 28957/95, ECHR 2002 VI, BAILlI: [2002] ECHR 588 1024 Gouriet v UPOW [1978] AC 435 1053 Governing Body of JFS, Re appeals by [2009] UKSC I; [2009] I WLR 2353 806 Gray v UVW [2010] EWHC 2367 (QB) . 2-3,24,29--31,35,40-1,68,81,93-4,106-7,131, 154, 158-60, 163, 176,360, 365,379,865-79,915,923,951,972,980 Green Corns Limited v Claverley [2005] EMLR 748 793 Green v DB Group Services (UK) Ltd [2006] EWHC 1898 (QB) 202 Greene v Associated Newspapers [2004] EWCA Civ 1462 68, 604, 616-27, 829, 966 Guardian News and Media Ltd, Re [2010] 2 WLR 325, [2010] UKSC 1 2, 9, 19,44,65,68, 98,143,243,254,296·-7,314,805-26,865,879,915,927, 946, 957, 971, 980, 987,1056,1095 Gulf Oil (G8) Ltd v Page [1987] Ch 327 172, 844, 846 Gutierrez Suarez v Spain, no 16023/07, 1 June 2010, BAILII: [201 0] ECHR 2225 1025 H (A Healtheare Worker) v Associated Newspapers [2002] EMLR 23 516 H, Re (Freeing Orders: Publicity) [2005] EWCA Civ 1325; [2006] I FLR 815 269, 313 Haehette Filipaeehi Assoeics (ICI PARIS) v France, no 12268/03, 23 July 2009, BAILII: [2009] ECHR 1425 1026-7 Halford v United Kingdom, no 20605/92, [1997] ECHR 32 556, 561 Handyside v United Kingdom (1979-80) 1 EHRR 737 1143 Handyside v United Kingdom, judgment of 7 December 1976, BAILII: [1976] ECHR 5, Series A no 24 472, 558, 10245, 1143 Harris v Harris; AG v Harris [200 I] 2 FLR 895 179, 311, 314, 475, 528, 563, 650 Harrow LBC v Qazi [2003] UKHL 43; [2004] lAC 983 57, 1120, 1123 Hasan and Chaush v Bulgaria [GC], no 30985/96, ECHR 2000-XI, 34 EHRR 55 775 Hatton and Others v United Kingdom [GC], no 36022/97, ECHR 2003 VIlI, BAILII: [2003] ECHR 338 1024 Hellcwell v Chief Constable of Derbyshire [1995] I WLR 804 88, 127, 595, 634 Herbage v Pressdram Ltd [1984] I WLR 1160 619 Herbage v Times Newspapers Ltd, The Times, 30th April 1981 620, 622-3 Hirschfeld v McGrath [20 II] EWHC 249 (QB) 39, 42, 388 HM, Re (A Vulnerable Adult: Abduction) [2010] EWHC 870 (Fam); [2010] 2 FLR 1057 302, 324 HM, Re (A Vulnerable Adult: Abduction) [2010] EWHC 1579 (Fam); [2011] I FLR 97 314 Hodgson and Others v Imperial Tobacco and Others [1998] I WLR 1056 299 Holden v Express Newspapers Ltd (QBD, 7 June 200 I 1067 xxvi Holley v Smith [1997] EWCA Civ 2914, [1998] QB 726 171, 616, 620 Home Office v Harman [1983] 1 AC 280 305 Hosking v Runting [2003] 3 NZLR 385 Hosking v Runting [2004] NZCA 34, [2003] NZLR 385 534, 548, 551, 583, 658, 698, 733··6, 765 Howlett v Holding [2006] EWHC 41 (QB) 8, 56, 96, 98-9,140,202,216-18220,222, 224, 584, 966 HRH The Prince of Wales v Associated Newspapers Ltd [2007] 3 WLR 222, [2008] Ch 57 697, 861, 998, 1046 Hunter v Canary Wharf Ltd [1997] AC 655 516 Hutcheson (formerly known as 'KGM') v News Group Newspapers Ltd & Ors [2011] EWCA Civ 808 5, 18-20,47, 52, 57-9, 64, 75·6, 81, 85, 87, 99, 118, 120, 136, 144,187,1110-12,1114,1116,1118,1120,1122,1124,1127,1138 Imutran Ltd v Uncaged Campaigns Ltd [2002] FSR 508 Independent News and Media Ltd v A [2010] EWCA Civ 343; [2010] EMLR 22; [20 I0] 2 FLR 1290 303, 325 Initial Services Ltd v Putterill [1968] I QB 396 88, 249, 702 Inquiry under the Company Securities (Insider Dealing) Act 1985, In Re An [19881 AC 660 ... 116 Interbrew SA v Financial Times [2002] EWCA Civ 274, [2002] EMLR 446 71, 641 Intcroute Telecommunications (UK) Ltd v Fashion Gossip Ltd, The Times, November 10, 1999 757 lordachi v Moldova, February 10,2009, BAILII: [2009] ECHR 256 786 Iveson v Harris (1802) 7 Yes Jun 251 990 Jaggard and Brown v United Kingdom (1997) 24 EHRR 39 491, 711 Jamccl and others v Wall Street Journal Europe Sprl [2006] UKHL 44 62, 92-4, 143, 178, 193, 611, 68~ 686-8, 707, 716, 738, 84~ 1049 Jennison v Baker [1972] 2 QB 52 .492 Jersild v Denmark, 23 September 1994, BAlLI!: [1994] ECHR 33, Series A no 298 17,87, 95,213,215,217,482,546,550,556,741-2,838,1026 JIH v News Group Newspapers Ltd (No I) [2010] EWHC 2818 2, 8, 11,24,28,53,98, 118,154, 163, 167-8, 173,183, 190,242,382,879-902,916,923,946-7,951,954,956, 960-1,972, 1064, 1089 JIH v News Group Newspapers Ltd (No 2) [2010] EWHC 2979 (QB) 166-7, 172, 179, 916-23,951,956,972 JIH v News Group Newspapers Ltd [2011] 2 All ER 324, [2011] EMLR 15, [2011] EWCA Civ 42 1, 29-33, 35, 37-8, 40-2, 45-6, 53, 59-60, 63, 85, 98, 118, 126, 131, 134-5, 154, 157, 163, 167-8, 180,245,360-1,365-6,369,382,948-59,967,972,987-8, 1044, 1056, 1066, 1092, 1121 Jockey Club v Buffham [2003] QB 462 366, 652, 874, 884, 989 John (Sir Elton) v Associated Newspapers [2006] EWHC 1611 (QB) 7,23,33,38, 167, 173,580-90 John v MGN Ltd [1997] QB 586 720, 723 Jones v Pollard [1997] EMLR 233 720 Jones v University of Warwick [2003] 1 WLR 954 220, 814 JXF v York Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust [2010] EWHC 2800 (QB) 28-9, 227-8, 925-33 Karak6 v Hungary, no 39311/05, BAILII: [2009] ECHR 712, 28 April 2009 815-16, 1023 Karsai v Hungary, no 5380107, BAILlI: [2009] ECHR 1974, I December 2009 1027 Kay v Lambeth LBC [2006] UKHL 10, [2006] 2 AC 465 97, 725, 777

xxvii Kaye v Robertson (1991) FSR 62 xiv, 484, 487, 514, 595 KD v Chief Constable of Hampshire [2005] EWHC 2550 (QB) 225 Keegan v Ireland, judgment of 26 May 1994, Series A no 290 558 Kelly (A Minor) v BBC [2000] EWHC 3 (Fam), [200 I] Fam 59, [200 I] I FLR 197 3, 39, 107, 109, 152,296,367,475-9,519,522-4,547,563 Kelso School Board v Hunter (1874) 2 R 228 501 KG v Austria, no 31457/96, ECHR 2000-1 559 KGM v News Group Newspapers Ltd [2010] EWHC 3145 (QB) 52, 1138, 1140 Khashoggi v Smith [1980] 124 SJ 14 CA 69 Khashoggi v IPC 1 WLR 1412 619, 621, 625 Khorasandjian v Bush [1993] QB 727 [2002] EMLR 398 516 KJH v HGF [2010] EWHC 3064 (QB) 23,29-31,41,81,121,180,922-5,966 KJO v XIM [2011] EWHC 1768 (QB) 8, 15,51-2,63,77,148 Krone Verlag GmbH & Co. KG v Austria, no 34315/96, 26 February 2002 559-60, 1027 KU v Finland, no 2872/02, BAlLI!: [2008] ECHR 1563,2 December 2008 1017, 1028 L, Re (A Child: Media Reporting) [2011] EWHC B8 (Fam) 269 L, Re (Care: Assessment: Fair Trial) [2002] EWHC 1379 (Fam), [2002] 2 FLR 730 296 Lakeside Homes Ltd v BBC, unreported, 14th November 2000 801 Laskey, Jaggard and Brown v United Kingdom (1997) 24 EHRR 39 491,711 Leander v Sweden, 26 March 1987, Series A, no 116,9 EHRR 433 67, 760, 815 Leeds City Council and Ors v Channel Four Television Corp [2007] FLR 678, [2005] EWHC 3522 Fam 10, 12, 18,24,71,88, 129, 138, 142-3,670-3,801 Leeds NHS Trust v A & B [2003] I FLR 1091.. 287 Leempoel & SA ED Cine Revue v Belgium, no 64772/01, 9 November 2006, BAlLI!: [2006] ECHR 2002 127, 715, 994, 1026 Lehideux and Isomi v France (1998) 30 EHRR 17, 213, 217, 482 Lesnik v Slovakia, no 35640/97, BAILlI: [2003] ECHR 124, ECHR 2003-IV1... 1027 Letang v Cooper [1965] I QB 232 841 Liberty v United Kingdom [2008] ECHR 58243100, July I, 2008 786 Lindon v France [2007] ECHR 836 683, 1024 Lion Laboratories Ltd v Evans [1985] QB 526 50, 706 Local Authority v A & F & A [2011] EWHC 1764 (Fam) .4, 7,11-12,15,53-4,65, 67,69,86,92,118-19,135,137,142,164,174,229-59 Local Authority v W, L, W, T and R [2005] EWHC 1564 (Fam); [2006] I FLR I D v L [2003] EWCA Civ 1169 100, 238, 607 London Borough of Hillingdon v Neary [20 II] EWHC 413 325-6 Long Beach Limited v Global Witness Limited [2007] EWHC 1980 (QB) 55, 89, 133,701-2 Lonrho v Fayed [1993] I WLR 1489 625 Lopez Ostra v Spain 20 EHRR 277 .483 Loutchansky v Times Newspapers Ltd (Nos. 2-5) [2002] QB 783 680 Lukowiak v Unidad Editorial SA [2001] EMLR 46 679 Lumley v Gye [1853] EWHC QB 173 667 Lykiardopulo v Lykiardopulo [2010] EWCA Civ 1315; [2011] I FLR 1427 296, 312-13 M v BBC [1997] I FLR 51 519 M v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions [2006] 2 AC 91 59, 173, 630, 655 xxviii Maccaba v Lichtenstein [2004] EWHC 1578; [2005] EMLR 9 11, 13,86, 121 McKennitt v Ash [2005] EWHC 3003 (QB); [2008] QB 73 15, 64, 69, 125, 242, 244, 250, 297,369,674,699,704-5,718,727,731,737,744,831,845, 890, 905-6, 909, 947,1046, 1050,1056,1060,1080,1118,1136,1140,1143,1146,1148 Mahad v Entry Clearance Officer [2009] UKSC 16; [2010] 1 WLR 48 806 Mahmood v Galloway and Another [2006] EWHC 1286 (QB) 68, 104, 167,573-80,746 Malone v Metropolitan Police Commissioner [1979] Ch 344 88-9 Malone v United Kingdom (1985) 7 EHRR 14 773--4 Marckx v Belgium (1979) 2 EHRR 330 297, 629, 1023 Marper v United Kingdom (Applications nos 30562/04 and 30566/04, judgment delivered on 4 December 2008, [2008] ECHR 1581 7, 9, 740, 759-60, 771, 774-5, 777,781-2,786 Memory Corporation v Sidhu and another (No 2) [2000] I WLR 1443 104, 756-7, 865, 898 Mersey Care NHS Trust v Ackroyd [2007] EWCA Civ 101 694 MGN Ltd v Attard, 9 October 2001, unreported 733 MGN Ltd v United Kingdom, no 39401/04,18 January 2011, BAlLI!: [2011] ECHR 66 983, 1024, 1152 Micallef v Malta, no 17056/06, [2009] ECHR 1571 360, 884, 887 Mikulic v Croatia, no 53176/99, ECHR 2002-1, BAlLI!: [2002] ECHR 27 759 Mills McCartney v McCartney [2008] EWHC 401 (Fam); [2008] 1 FLR 1508 313 Miloslavsky, Tolstoy v United Kingdom (1995) 20 EHRR 442 720, 908 Minister for Work and Pensions v M [2006] UKHL 11 173 MJN v News Group Newspapers Ltd [2011] EWHC 1192 (QB) 7, 20, 32-3, 45-6, 106,124-5,151,174,176,183,387,995-1000,1059 MNB v News Group Newspapers Ltd [2011] EWHC 528 (QB) 33, 37-8, 108, 153, 172, 306, 967-77 Montgomery v HM Advocate [2003] 1 AC 641 743 Morris v Beardmore [1981] AC 446 .485 Mosley v News Group Newspapers Ltd [2008] EWHC 687 (QB) 702-3, 1054 Mosley v News Group Newspapers Ltd [2008] EWHC 1777 (QB) 12-13, 15,20,24,56-7, 60-1,73,77,81,84,88,91,93-4,96,99-101,120,122, 126-8, 136, 139, 145, 147, 175, 177, 241, 703-24, 840, 861, 939--40, 998, 1046, 1054, 1065, 1097, 1120, 1130, 1136, 1140 Mosley v United Kingdom App no 48009/08 Judgment 10th May 2011, BAlLI!: [2011] ECHR 774 7, 9,13,19-20,24-5,73,77,80,85,93,95,98-9,120,136, 139, 142-3, 179,1000-33,1049,1055,1063,1097,1130,1141-2,1147 M 'Pherson v Daniels (1829) lOB & C 263 843 Murray v Express Newspapers pic and Big Pictures (UK) Ltd [2008] EWCA 446 7, 12, 60, 63,76,82,86,96-7,100,123-30,152,173,179,697-701, 724-37, 739,760,762,836,847, 860-1,937,997,1035,1046,1060,1081-2,1117,1137 Murray v United Kingdom (1994) 19 EHRR 193 772, 786 N, Re (Family Proceedings: Disclosure) [2009] EWHC 1663 (Fam); [2009] 2 FLR 1152 305 Napier v Pressdram Ltd [2009] EWCA Civ 443 II, 63, 82, 123, 743-5 NEJ v Helen Wood and Persons Unknown [2011] EWHC 1972 (QB) 38, 137, 1104-10 Neulinger v Switzerland (20 I0) 28 EHRC 706 78, 1039--40 News Verlags GmbH & Co KG v Austria (200 I) 31 EHRR 8 243, 559, 815, 821, 1095

xxix Niemietz v Gennany, judgment of 16 December 1992, Series A no 251-B; (1993) 16 EHRR 97 524, 556 Nilsen and Johnsen v Norway [1999J 30 EHRR 878 16, 210, 480 Norfolk County Council v Webster [2006J EWHC 2898 (Fam); [2007J 2 FLR 415 304 Norwich Pharmacal v Customs and Excise Commissioners [1974J AC 133 3, 22,117,359 Ntuli v Donald [2010J EWCA Civ 1276; [20llJ I WLR 294 1, 3,17,23,28,30,38,40, 43,47,54,56,60-1,64,81,98,104,109,134,141,149, 152, 155, 157,360,367,386,902-16, 923,925,934,941,943,945-6,949,971,980,994,1042, 1086, 1090-1, 1095, 1118 NWL Ltd v Woods [1979J 1 WLR 1294 .497 OBG v Allan [2007J UKHL 81 67, 658, 684-5 OBQ v BJM and CJM [2011J EWHC 1059 (QB) 236 Observer and Guardian v United Kingdom (1992) 14 EHRR 153 .490, 607, 625 Observer and Guardian v United Kingdom (1999) 14 EHRR 152 17, 211, 481, 558, 560, 607, 1023, 1025, 1027 Odievre v France [GC], no 42326/98, ECHR 2003 Ill, BAlLI I: [2003J ECHR 86 1023 OPQ v BJM [2011J EWHC 1059 38-9, 136, 139, 155, 163--4,988-95 Otchakovsky-Laurens and July v France [GC], nos 21279/02 and 36448/02, ECHR 2007 XI, BAILlI: [2007J ECHR 836 1024 P, ex p, The Times 3 I March 1998 806, 814 P, Q and R v Quigley [2008J EWHC 1051 (QB) 70 P, Re (A child) (Residence Order: A Child's Welfare) [1999J 2 FLR 573 276-7 P-B, Re (A Minor) [1996J EWCA Civ 510; [1996J 2 FLR 765 296 Peck v United Kingdom, no 44647/98, BA1L11: [2003J ECHR 44, ECHR 2003 I, 36 EHRR 41 8,64,67,95,98,223,542, 556, 584, 709, 729, 759-60 Pedersen and Baadsgaard v Denmark [GC], no 49017/99, BAILII: [2004J ECHR 693, ECHR 2004-X 1026 Pelling v Bruce-Williams (Secretary of State for Constitutional Affairs Intervening) [2004J 2 FLR 823 266, 309, 327 Pepper v Hart [1993J AC 593 209,224 Petrina v Romania, no 78060/0 I, BAILII: [2009J ECHR 2252 816, 819 Pfeifer v Austria (2007) 48 EHRR 175 816 PG and JH v United Kingdom, no 44787/98, ECHR 2001-IX 8, 98, 222, 556, 561 Pickering v Liverpool Post [1991 J 2 AC 425 249, 255 Pink Floyd Music Ltd v EMI Records [201OJ EWCA Civ 1429 168 PIon v France, no 58148/00, ECHR 2004-IV; 42 EHRR 36 8, 118,559-60,894, 1064-6 POI (Private) v The Persons Known as 'Lina' [2011 J EWHC 234 39, 41, 53, 365, 959-60, 962-3 Polanski v Condi Nast Publications Ltd [2005J I WLR 637 609, 712, 789 Polly Peck Holdings PIc v Trelford [1986J QB 1000 619 Prager and Oberschlick v Austria, judgment of 26 April 1995, Series A no 313 558 Preston Borough Council v McGrath [2000J Times 19 May 89 Pretty v United Kingdom (2002) 35 EHRR I, [2002J 2 FLR 45 65,515-16,525,533,759 Prince Albert v Strange (1849) I Mac & G 25; 64 ER 293; (1849) 2 Dc G & Sm; [1849J EWHC Ch J20 xiv, 10, 57, 593, 698 Prince Radu of Hohenzollem v Marco Huston and Sena Julia Publications Ltd [2007J EWHC 2735 68-9, 91, 147, 678-84

xxx Princcss Carolinc of Monaco and Murray v Express Ncwspapers pic [200R] EWCA Civ 446, [2008] 3 WLR 1360 7, 96, 222, 559, 571, 592, 725, 737, 739, 75R, RI8 Printers and Finishers Limited v Holloway [1965] RPC 239 743,745 Prisma Presse v France (dec), nos. 66910/01 and 71612101, I July 2003, BAILlI: [2003] ECHR 715 558, 560, 1026 Private POI v The Persons Known as •Lina' [20 I I] EWHC 234 39, 41, 53, 365, 959-60, 962-3 R (A, 13,X and Y) v East Sussex County Council [2003] EWHC 167 525 R (Binyam Mohamed) v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs [2010] EWCA Civ 65 295,826,866,885,952 R (Bright) v Central Criminal Court [2000] EWHC 560 (013) II R (Bryant & Ors) v Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis [20 II] EWHC 1314 16 R (Countryside Alliance) v A-G [2007] UKHL 52 5, 685-6 R (Daly) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [200 I] 2 AC 532 502 R (Gillan) v Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis [2006] UKHL 12, [2006] 2 AC 307 173, 761, 764, 770 R (Pretty) v Director of Public Prosecutions [200 1] 3 WLR 1598 502 R (Razgar) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2004] UKHL 27 533 R (Rottman) v Commissioner of Police for the Mctropolis [2002] UKHL 20, [2002] 2 AC 692 623 R (S) v Chicf Constable of the South Yorkshire Police [2004] UKHL 39, [2004] I WLR 2196 740 R (Wood) v Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis [2009] EWCA Civ 414; [20 10] I WLR 123 5,9,58-9,62,65,67,71-2,79-80,95,97,100, 138, 140, 173,757-87, 888, 1119 R, Re (Court of Appeal: Order against Identification) [1999] 2 FLR 145 327 R v Advertising Standards Authority Ltd, ex p Vemons Organisation Ltd [1992] I WLR 1289 490 R v Broadcasting Complaints Commission, ex p Granada [1995] EM LR 163 A v 13& C [2002] EWCA Civ 337 [2003] 013 195 6, 130, 1048 R v Broadcasting Standards Commission, ex p I3BC [2001] 013 885; [2000] 3 WLR 1327 6, 465-6, 542, 691, 738 R v Brown [1994] lAC 212 711 R v C (Sean Peter) [2001] EWCA Crim 1251 201,522 R v Central Independent Television PLC [1994] Fam 192 508, 518-20, 522, 644, 732 R v Chief Constable of the North Wales Police, ex p Thorpe [1999] OB 396 73, 749 R v Chief Registrar of Friendly Societies, ex p New Cross Building Society [1984] OB 227 3, 28, 360 R v Dept of Health, ex p Source Infomatics Ltd [2001] OB 424 (CA 12 R v Derby Magistrates' Court, ex p B [1996] AC 487 II R v Dymont [1988] 2 SCR 417 534 R v G [2008] I WLR 1379 656 R v Home Secretary, ex p Simms [2000] AC 126 211, 481 R v Khan [1997] AC 558 .485 R v Legal Aid Board, ex p Kaim Todner [1999] OB 966 28, 465, 689, 806, 849, 866, 885, 913, 927, 932-3, 944 R v Lewes Crown Court, ex p Hill [1991] 3 Cr App R 60 11 R v Lewes .J ustices, ex p Home Secretary [1973] AC 388 II

xxxi R v Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex p Simms [2000] 2 AC 115 \1 R v Shaylcr [2001] EWCA Civ 403, [2001] QB 1028 492-3,502 RA, Re Judicial Review [2010] N[QB 27 897, 931 Radio France ct autres v France (Application No 53984/00) (unreported) 30 March 2004 604, 624, 683 Raybos Australia Pty Ltd v Jones (1985) 2 NSWLR 47 814 Redwing Ltd v Redwing Forest Products Ltd [1947] 64 RPC 67 109,654 Reklos and Davourlis v Greece, petition no 1234/05,6 September 2007 737 Reynolds v Times Newspapers Ltd [1999] UKHL 45; [2001] 2 AC 127 . 17,90-1,93,116,144,193, 535, 62~ 67~ 68~ 71~ 718, 74~ 84~ 843 Rice v Connolly [1966] 2 QB 414 772-3 Roberts v Gable [2007] EWCA (Civ) 457 91, 679, 681-2 Robinson v Sunday Newspapers [20 \1] N[CA 13 32 Roddy, Re (A Minor) [2004] EMLR 127 801, 1144 Rogers v Television New Zealand Limited [2007] NZSC 91 735 Rotaru v Romania [GC], no 28341/95, ECHR 2000-V 561 RR v EE [1999], NZ case number 000621 269 RST v UVW [2009] EWHC 2448 (QB) 162,362,861 S, Re (A Child) (Identification: Restrictions on publication) [2004] EWCA Civ 963; [2004] Fam 43 (CA); [2004] UKHL 47; [2005] 1 AC 593; [2005] EMLR 2; [2005] 1 FLR 591 5, 77, 219, 236, 238, 250, 286, 296, 298, 304, 314, 359, 519, 532-3, 606,626,637,643-4,657,705,798,812,814,819,821-2, 837, 839, 861, 865, 881, 904, 929, 934,989-91,993,998,1035,1046,1048,1061,1081,1095, 1118, 1136-7,1141,1144,1152 S, Re [2003] 3 WLR 1425 517-18, 550 Saltman Engineering Co Ltd v Campbell Engineering Co Ltd (1948) 65 RPC 203 594 Schcring Chemicals Ltd v Falkman Ltd [1982] 1 QB 89, 486 SchUsscl v Austria (dec.), no 42409/98, 21 February 2002 556 Sciacca v Italy, no 50774/99, ECHR 2005-[, 43 [2005] EHRR 20 66, 636, 701, 760 Scott v Scott [1913] AC 417 29,156,295-6,302,360,623,689, 811, 866, 885-6, 913, 928,941-2,952,991 Secretary of State for the Home Department v AP (No 2) [2010] UKSC 26, [2010] 1 WLR 1652 2, 29, 40-1, 44, 360, 897, 914, 941, 945 Sheffield and Horsham v United Kingdom, 30 July 1998, BA1L11: [1998] ECHR 69, Reports 1998 V 1024 Silver v United Kingdom (1983) 5 EHRR 347 712,773 Societe Prisma Prcsse v France (dec), nos. 66910/01 and 71612/01,1 July 2003, BAILI[: [2003] ECHR 715 558,560, 1026 South Cambridgeshire District Council v Persons Unknown [2004] EWCA Civ 1280 653 Spencer (Earl) v United Kingdom (1998) 25 EHRR CD 105 xv Spencer v Spencer [2009] EWHC 1529 (Fam); [2009] EMLR 25; [2009] 2 FLR 1416 300, 306, 310,312,323,993 Sports and General Press Agency v Our Dogs Publishing [1916] 2 KB 880 96 Standard Verlags GmbH v Austria (No 2), judgment of 4 June 2009 ECtHR 131, 891, 894 Stedman, Rc [2009] EWHC 935 (Fam); [2009] 2 FLR 852 53, 246, 315 Stephens v Avery [1988] 12, 608, 789, 1063, 1066

xxxii Stjema v Finland 24 EHRR 194 .483, 558, 592 Stone v South East Coast Strategic Health Authority and Ors [2007] UKHRR 137 85 Stubbings and Others v United Kingdom, 22 October 1996, BAILII: [1996] ECHR 44, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 1996 1023 Sugar v BBC [2010] EWCA Civ 715; [2010] 1 WLR 2278; [2010] EMLR 24 303 Sunday Times v United Kingdom (no 1), 26 April 1979, BAILII: [1979] ECHR 1, Series A no 30 I025 Sunday Times v United Kingdom 2 EHRR 245 773 Tammer v Estonia, no 41205/98, ECHR 2001-1; (2001) 37 EHRR 857 547,550,558-9,610 Tanase, no 7/08, ECHR 2010 1025 Tarsasag a Szabadsagjogokert v Hungary (No 37374/05) 303 Tekeli v Turkey, no 29865/96, ECHR 2004 X (extracts), 42 EHRR 53 65, 759 Terry (previously 'LNS') v Persons Unknown [2010] EWHC 119 (QB), [2010] EMLR 400 7, 10, 17, 19,23,30,32,38--40,43--4,46,56,63,67,69,73,83--4, 89,91-2,105-6,111,116-17,119-21,124-5,129,133, 136, 141, 144, 148, 150-1, 154-9, 162,165-6, 172, 176,202,216,249,361,365-7,369,381,826-56,859,864, 873, 923, 981, 1120, 1122, 1138, 1142 Thane Investments Ltd v Tomlinson [2003] EWCA Civ 1272 158,755, 757 Theakston v MGN Ltd [2002] EWHC 137 (QB) 13,61,72,96, 126, 141,515,596, 599,608,613,709,1152 Thomas Marshall (Exports) v Guinle [1979] 3 All ER 193; [1979] Ch 227 14, 122 Thomas v News Group Newspapers Ltd and Simon Hughes [2001] EWCA 1233 9,17,23, 72, 144, 178,202, 204, 20~ 208, 210, 212, 214, 217, 222, 479-82, 96~ 1090 Times Newspapers Ltd v MGN Ltd [1993] EMLR 443 109, 149,908 Times Newspapers Ltd v United Kingdom (nos 1 and 2), no 3002/03 and 23676/03, BAILII: [2009] ECHR 451 1026 Torbay Borough Council v News Group Newspapers [2004] EMLR 8; [2003] EWHC 2927 141,518-32 Trinity Mirror pic, Re [2008] EWCA Crim 50; [2008] QB 770; [2009] EMLR 3 311 TSE and ELP v News Group Newspapers Ltd [2011] EWHC 1308 (QB 6, 8, 12,20, 39,45,53--4,78-9,86-7,91,100,130,134,159,176, 1035, 1058-67, 1089 Tse Wai Chun Paul v Albert [2001] EMLR 31 605 TUV v Persons Unknown [2010] EWHC 853 104, 111, 153, 169, 181, 191,856-8,899 Unilever pic v Chefaro Proprietaries Ltd (Practice Note) [1995] I WLR 243 168, 365 Venables and Thompson v News Group Newspapers Ltd [2001] Fam 430 51, 82,135-6,237, 247,249,287,510,548,596,991-2, 1048 Venables v News Group Newspapers Ltd [2001] 1 All ER 908 644 Verliere v Switzerland (dec.), no 41953/98, ECHR 200/-VI!.. 558,593 Vestergaard Fransden A/S v Bestnet Europe Ltd [2009] EWHC 1456 (Ch), [2010] FSR 29 970 Von Hannover v Germany (2005) 40 EHRR 1 7, 9, 20, 68, 72, 84, 90, 96-8, 138, 173, 177, 222,464,554-63,571,583,587,592,600,608,612,632, 636-8, 657, 692, 699-701, 708-9, 715,724-5,733,736-7,739,741,749,758,760-2,765, 813, 818-19,894,907, 940,958, 989, 994,1023,1026-8,1036,1047,1065-6,1085,1135,1141, 1146, 1148, 1150, 1152 Von Vondel v Netherlands [2007] ECHR 871 135 W, Re (A Minor) (Wardship: Restrictions on Publication) [1992] I WLR 100 527-8 W v Egdell [1989] EWCA Civ 13 I I

xxxiii W v H (Family Division: Without Notice Orders) [2001] 2 WLR 253; [2001] 2 FLR 927 286 W v Westminster CC [2004] EWHC 2866 (OB); [2005] I FLR 8 J 6 68, 603-4 Wainwright v Home Office [2003] UKHL 53; [2003] 3 WLR 1137; [2004] 2 AC 4 xiv, 68, 516,534,548,624,628 Ward, Re (A Child) [2010] EWHC 16 (Fam); [2010] I FLR 1497 308,314 Ward v CAFCASS [2007] EWHC 616 (Fam); [2007] 2 FLR 765; [2007] Fam Law 704 314 Webster, Re (A Child) [2006] EWHC 2733; [2007] EMLR 7; [2007] 1 FLR 1146 295-6, 298-9,301,304,306,309 Wellesley v Duke of Beaufort (1827) 2 Russ 1 990 WER v REW 2009] EWHC 1029 (08); [2009] EMLR 17 69, 147, 154, 162, 165, 181, 191, 673-8,846,851 West v BBC OBD, 10 June 2002 1089 William Coulson and Sons v James Coulson and Co (1887) 3 TLR 617 Wingrove v United Kingdom (1996) 24 EHRR 1 607 Wood v Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis [201] 1 WLR 123 6-7,20,758,760,762, 764,766, 768, 770, 772, 774, 776, 778, 780, 782, 784, 786, 1139 Woodward v Hutchins [1977] 1 WLR 760 488, 635 X & Y v Netherlands [1985] 8 EHRR 235 8, 143,483,557,592,629, 1023, 1028 X & Y v Persons Unknown [2006] EWHC 2783 (08), [2007] EMLR 290 989, 1089 X (formerly Bell) v O'8rien [2003] EWHC 1101 (08) 237, 991 X, Re (A Child) (Injunctions Restraining Publication) [2001] 1 FCR 541 296 X, Re (A Minor) (Wardship: Jurisdiction) [1975] Fam 47 236, 519, 522 X, Y, Z, Re (Morgan v A Local Authority) [2011] EWHC 1157 (Fam) 304, 308, 329 X, Y and Z v United Kingdom, 22 April 1997, 8A1L1!: [1997] ECHR 20 1025 X and Y v News Group Newspapers and MGN Limited [2003] EWHC 1101 (OB) 525 X and Y v Persons Unknown [2006] EWHC 2783 (OB) 9,22,30,39,53,55-6,77, 104-7, 109, III, 130-3, 147, 150-1, 154, 158, 160, 162-5, 174, 177, 17980, 189,361,365,367,380, 642-55,874,884,989, 1047, 1089 X and Y v Persons Unknown [2007] I FLR 1567 1047 X County Council v A [1985] 1 All ER 53 990 X v Iceland [1976] 5 DR 86, E Comm HR 135 X v Persons Unknown [2006] EWHC 2783 (08); [2009] EMLR 290 677,835,850,855, 1036 X v United Kingdom, no 5877/72 768 XvY[1990] 1 OB220 11 XJA v News Group Newspapers [2010] EWHC 3174 (08) 35, 135, 365, 943-6 Y v HM AG [2003] EWHC 1462 (Ch) 929 YF v Turkey, no 24209/94, ECHR 2003 IX, 39 EHRR 34 759 Z, Re (A Minor) (Identification: Restrictions on Publications) [1997] Fam 1.. 236, 519-20 Z v Finland, 25 February 1997, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 1997 I, 25 EHRR 371 65, 550, 759 ZAM v CFW & TFW [2011] EWHC 476 (08) 126, 963-7 ZH (Tanzania) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2011] UKSC 4 78, 1039

xxxiv Table of Legislation

Note that the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights is dis- cussed and referred to throughout the work. For this reason, only references to specific Articles and the initial discussion of its provisions are cited below.

European/International

Data Protection Convention Art 6 65, 759 European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR) 1-21,236 Art I 483, 486 Art 2 249,489,812,854,866,877,943,991-2 Art 3 237,249,483,812,854,866,877,991-2 Art 6 1-2, 4, 19, 27, 29, 35, 40, 160, 191, 246, 250-I, 295, 297, 338, 343, 348, 353, 389,522,677,743,826,829,849-50,864,866,872,878, 928, 943, 949, 953, 1009 Art 6( 1) 237-8, 360 Art 8 xiv, 3-5, 7-9, 17, 19-20, 24, 27, 29, 35-6, 39-43, 49-73, 75-10 I, 103--45, 150, 160,164,166,168,171-81, 184, 186, 191,217,222-3,227,229,237-9,242-55,286,297, 300,314,325,335,341,359,361,366,484,489,491, 506, 515-16, 520-7, 533, 535-6, 544-66, 592-3, 596-8, 604, 606, 610, 613, 624, 626-7, 629-30, 634, 637-8, 656-8, 660, 663,672, 683-6, 690-7, 699-701, 705, 707, 709-10, 715, 718-19, 724, 726-8, 730-1, 733,738--42, 748, 757-78, 781, 783--4, 788-9, 797, 802, 805, 807, 812-21, 825-9, 837, 839, 842-3, 847, 850, 854, 860-1, 864, 866-7, 872-6, 878, 886-8, 891-2, 894-5, 904-7, 914,921-2,924-5,929-30,932-3,935,937,939--40,943, 947-9, 951, 961-2, 967, 970-1, 973-6,987,989,992-5,997,999,1001-35,1037--42, 1045-8, 1056-7, 1061, 1063-5, 1072, 1080-2,1090,1106,1108,1113-14,1118-25,1135-6, 1138-9,1141,1144,1146,1150, 1153--4 Art 8( I) 5, 20, 58, 71, 80, 224, 483, 485, 536, 544, 549, 633, 657, 692, 740, 761-7, 769, 771-2,775,785,813,817,1119-20,1136 Art 8(2) 19-20, 589, 71-3, 75, 80, 223-5, 250, 483, 523, 527, 536, 544, 549, 657, 710, 727,731,741,761--4,766,770,772-3,778,781-2,785,836,861, 962,1082,1118-19, 1135 Art 10 xiv, 4-5, 7,16-17,20,22-3,27,31,36,41-2,49-73,75-101,115, 128, 135, 137-8, 140-5, 164, 166, 168, 172, 185-7,210,218,229,237-8,245,248,251,253,286, 295-7,303,309,325,341,359,364,471-2,474,481,489, 501, 506, 511-12, 517, 520-4, 526-8, 535-6, 545-7, 553, 567, 574, 593, 625, 629-30, 634, 637-8, 642, 657-8, 672, 675, 677,683-4,694,701,705,709,726-7,729,731,733,741-3, 748-9, 778, 788-9, 794-5, 797-8, 801, 803, 805, 814-25, 827-9, 836-8, 842-3, 850, 861, 864, 867, 872, 874, 878, 886-7,904-5,907,910,924,929-30,932,934-5,937,939, 943, 948, 953,961-2, 967, 973, 976, 989, 992, 994, 996, 999, 1010, 1016, 1018, 1021-3, 1025-7, 1031-2, 1034, 1037-41, 1045,1048,1050,1057,1060-1,1064,1070,1080-1,1083, 1087, 1098, 1106-7, 1118, 1120-2,1135,1141-2,1144,1146,1153 Art 10(1) 75,502,505,544-5,815,1136 Art 10(2) 9, 16,75,99,145,487,502,514,517,536,544,549,607,656, 658, 748, 815, 819, 877, 888, 922, 1020, 1090, 1106, 1135 Art 11 629, 778 Art 13 1001, 1012-13 Art 14 699, 778 Art 29(1) 1001 Art 34 1001 Art 35(3) 1015 European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights Art 24 1039 European Union Directive 95/46/EC 10 12 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child Art 3(1) 732, 1039

National

United Kingdom

Statutes

Administration of Justice Act 1960 306, 313, 623, 870 s 12 297, 303-4, 308, 313-14, 321, 327, 369, 475 s 12(1) 285, 306-8, 316, 318-20, 323-4, 326 s 12( 1)(a)(i) 306 s 12(1)(a)(iii) 323 s 12(1)(b) 324,326 s 12(2) 529-30 Adoption and Children Act 2002 300, 306, 308, 318-19 s 101 319 Broadcasting Act 1990 s 71(IB)(a) 311 Child Support Act 1991 323

xxxvi Children Act 1989 229, 231, 260, 266-7, 270, 296-7, 300, 304, 306, 316-19, 321, 428, 603 Pt IV 260 s 1(1) 280 s I(3) 280 s 8 285 s 34(4) 260 s 91(14) 276-7 s97 812 s 97(2) 268, 285, 297, 304, 308-9, 316, 318-20, 327, 475 s 97(4) 309 s 98 .428 Children and Young Persons Act 1933 228 s 39 285, 311, 327, 812 Children and Young Persons Act 1963 ss 57( I) and 64(3) and Sch 5 311 Children, Schools and Families Act 2010 268,295 Civil Partnership Act 2004 s 58 309 Sch 5 309 Sch 27 para 29(2) 309 Civil Procedure Act 1997 s 7 .412 Communications Act 2003 1145 s 127 938 s 127(1 )(a) 938 Contempt of Court Act 1981.. 255, 461, 747, 870 s 2 .476 s 2(2) 245 s 9 456 s II 285, 311, 369, 814 Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 Pt II 666 County Courts Act 1984 s 52 .412-15 s 52(1) .415 s 53(3) .415 s 148( I ) .420 Sch 2 Pt V, para 64 .420 Criminal Justice and Police Act 200 I s 82 740 Data Protection Act 1998 148, 186,463,516,724,775,1005,1012,1015,1020,1028,1063 s 2 248

xxxvii s 3 1006 s 13 1006 s 14 1006 s 32 248 s 32(1) 1005~6 s 32(1)(b) 841 s 32(2) 1006 s 32(3) 1006 s 55(2)(d) 841 Domestic and Appellate Proceedings (Restriction of Publicity) Act 1968 s I 297, 326 s 2 309 Family Law Act 1986 Pt III 309 s 60(4) 301 Family Law Act 1996 306, 323 Pt IV 323 s 68(1) 309 Sch I para 9b 309 Freedom of Information Act 2000 775 Housing Aet 1988 .410 Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008 320 Human Rights Act 1998 xiv, 2, 76, 79, 148, 178, 188, 21 O~II, 236, 241, 295, 359-60, 372, 481,501,506,509,519-20,522, 534, 536,581,603,608,613,621-4,646,655, 659,671, 704, 714~15, 758, 793, 795, 797, 800, 813-14, 834, 866, 881, 885,904,914, 923,944,967, 990~2, 995, 1006, 1017, I045~6, 1060, 1065, 1090, 1097, 1103, 1118 s I(I ) 1080 s 2 97, 212, 456, 482, 593 s 2(1) 236 s 2( I)(a) 486 s 3 212, 482,593 s 3(1) .489 s 6 8, 19, 236, 297, 372, 384, 506, 520, 536, 593, 624, 814, 866, 869~70, 894, 897, 90 I, 929, 966, 1080 s 6(1) 546, 624, 629 s 6(3) 629 s 6(3)(a) 624 s 7(1)(a) 400 s 12 3, 21-4, 37, 103,202,212,239,359,372,472,474,482,487,507,574,576, 593,611,677,690,752,850,860,909,997,1006,1016, 1034, 1070, 1082, 1084, 1105, 1120~3 s 12(1) 489, 1105 s 12(2) 31, Ill, 161~9, 184,188,283,285,290,301,314,359,361,372,963 s 12(2)( a) III, 868, 981 s 12(2)(a) and (b) 107,359 xxxviii s 12(3) 22, 42, 51,103,116-17,145,179,286,359,489-90,500,505, 508, 553--4, 610,615,621-2,675,689,691,787-8,798-9,804,852, 859, 881, 910, 923, 934, 961, 968, 976,979,989,1006-8,1036,1043,1049,1060-1,1072, 1083-4, 1105, 1114, 1121, 1125 s 12(4) 25, 126, 140, 142, 179,210,286,315,360,503,505,508,513-14,517,546, 675,798--9,804,923,961,976, 1061, 1064, 1083, 1105, 1140-1, 1143 s 12(4)(a)(i) 24,55 s 12(4)(a)(ii) 241 2,976 s 12(4 )(b) 240 Seh 1 629 Judicial Proceedings (Regulation of Reports) Act 1926 297, 30910, 811-12 s 1 297 s 1( I)(b) 322 s I(b) 309 Magistrates' Courts Act 1980 297, 3 10-11 s 65 298 s 69(2) 316 s 69(3) 318 s69(4) 316 s 71 310, 316 s 71(2) 319 Matrimonial and Family Proceedings Act 1984 s 32 299 Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 s 27 309 s 48(2) 302 Mental Capacity Act 2005 306, 324, 326 s51 325 s 51(2)(h) 325 s 67( I) 326 Seh 6 para 10 326 Mental Health Act 1983 306, 324 s 136 231 Northern Ireland (Emergency Provisions) Act 1978 772 Official Secrets Act 1989 s 1(1) 501-2, 504-5 Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 623 s 64(1) 740 s 64( IA) 740 Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005 s 2 826 Private International Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1995 ss 11 and 12 15 Protection from Harassment Act 1997 . 148,197-204,20914,217,222-3,225,450,516,584,604, 615, 846, 966,1103

xxxix s 1 197-8 s 1(1)(b) 221 s 1(2) 20 I s 1(3) 223, 964 s 1(3)(a) 224-5 s 1(3)(c) 212,224-5 s IA 964 s 2 198, 201 s 3 198-9, 201, 208, 480 s 3A 964 s 4 199-201 s 5 200 s 6 200-1 s 7 202,212 s 7(2) 204, 221, 964 s 7(3) 964 Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 Pt II 225 Rehabilitation of Offenders Aet 1974 8, 6 I9, 843 Rent Aet 1977 .4 I0 Senior Courts Act 198 I 299, 427 s 37 19, 814, 929 s 61 299 Sexual Offences Act 2003 849 Supreme Court Act 198 I s33 412,414 s 33(1) .415 s 34 .412 s 34(3) .4 I5 s 42 393 s 152(1) .420 Sch 5 .420 Terrorism Act 2000 774 Torts (Interference with Goods) Act 1977 s4 .412 Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 s45 812

Statutory Instruments

Civil Procedure Rules (CPR) ..... 1-3, 29, 37, 39, 45, 107, 159, 204, 285, 303, 305, 360, 375, 380, 391-456, 654, 753, 829, 831, 850, 853, 862, 870, 881-2, 914, 926, 945, 987, 1000, 1009 I 391-2 1.1 391,983

xl 1.2 391 l.2(b) 983 1.3 167, 364, 391 1.4 392 1.4(2) 986 1.4(2)0) 986-7 3.1(2) 986 3.4 697, 724 3.4(2) 204 5 392--4 5.1 392 5.2 392-3 5.3 393 5.4 393, 926 5.4A. 393 5.48 393--4 5.4C 303, 383, 394-5, 753--4, 756, 831-2, 900 5.4C(2) 380, 383, 870, 900 5.4C(4) 380, 383, 753, 870 5.4C(7) 829 5.4D 395 5.5 396 6 396 6.16(1) 980 6.8 162, 396 7 397--401 7.1 397 7.10 400 7.11 400 7.12 .400-1 7.2 397 7.~ 3~ 7.3 397 7.4 397-8 7.5 44, 398, 829 7.5(1 ) 980 7.6 398-9 7.6(1) 44, 829, 980 7.7 399 7.8 399-400 7.9 400 8 .401~ 8.1 .401-2 8.2 402

xli 9 830 9.2 383, 675, 858 10 157 PO 25A 421-9, 878, 882 1.1 421 1.2 .421 1.3 .421 1.4 .421 2.1 421 2.2 .421 2.3 ~I~ 2.4 422 3.1 422 3.2 422 3.3 422 3.4 422 4.1 422 4.2 .423 4.3 423 4.3(3) 188, 361 4.4 423, 870-1 4.4(1) 44, 149,865 4.4(2) 149 4.5 .423-4 5 367 5.1 424 5.IA .424 5.2 424 5.3 424 6.1 425 6.2 425 7.1 .425 7.10 .428 7.11 428 7.2 .425 7.3 425 7.4 .425-6 7.5 .426--7 7.6 .427 7.7 .427 7.8 .427 7.9 .427-8 8.1 .428 8.2 428 xliv 9 37, 103, 113, 169,364,367-8 9.1 .428 9.2 35, 108, 169,365-6, 369, 428-~ 857, 882, 898-900 9.2(2) 368 paras 1-5 3, 360 PO 39A .448-56 1.1 448 1.10 .450 1.11 450-1 1.12 .451 1.13 .451 1.14 .451 1.15 .451 1.2 .448 1.3 .449 1.4 449 I.4A .449 1.5 449-50 1.6 .450 1.7 .450 1.7A .450 1.8 .450 1.9 .450 2.1 451 2.2 .451-2 2.3 452 2.4 452 3.1 .452 3.10 .453 3.2 .452 3.3 .452 3.4 453 3.5 .453 3.6 .453 3.7 .453 3.8 .453 3.9 453 4.1 454 4.2 454 5.1 .454 5.2 .454 5.3 .454-5 5.4 455 5.5 455

xlv 5.6 455 6.1 455 6.2 455 6.3 455 6.4 .455 6.5 455 7 456 8.1 456 Court of Protection Rules 2007 297. 325 I7(1 ) 325 17(2)-(4) 325 18( I) 325 20 325 90 326 90(2) 325 90(3 )(a) 325 91(2)(a) 326 91(3) 326 92 326 92(1) 325 92(2) 325 93 325 Family Procedure (Adoption) Rules 2005 300. 319 78 3 I9 83 319 Family Proceedings (Amendment) (No.2) Rules 2009/85 299 Family Proceedings Rules 199 I 285. 297 2.36( 4) 322 4.16(7) 301.327 I0.20(3 ) 317-18. 322 I0.28 299, 30 I Family Proceedings Rules 20 I0 297, 299 2.1 297 2.3 322 7 303 7.16(1) 321 7.16(3) 321 7.16(5) 322 7.20 321 7.36 322 10.21A. 323 10.5 323 12.7 302,327 12.73 304.316-17 xlvi ]2. 73( 1)(a) 328 12.73( I )(b) 328 12.73(2) 303.327 ]2.73(3) 303.327 12.74(] ) 328 12.74(2) 328 12.75 303--4 12.75(] )(a) 327 12.75(1 )(b) 328 12.75(1)(e) 328 12.75( 1)(d) 328-9 ]2.75(2) 328 12.75(3 ) 329 12.75(3)(a)(i) 328 12.75(3 )(a)(ii) 328 12.75(3 )(b) 328 13.18(3) 321 13.19 321 14.14 319 14.24 319 22.19 303, 321 27.10 299, 317, 3]9-20, 322, 326-7 27.]0(1) 30] 27.]] (] )(a) 299 27.1](I)(b) 320 27.1](2) 299, 3]6-17, 322-3 27.1] (2)(f) 299 27.1](3) 316 27.1] (3)(a) 300 27.1] (3)(b) 300 27.1](3)(b)(i) 300 27.1](3)(b)(ii) 300 27.11(3)(b)(iii) 300 27.2(3) 3]3, 317 29.]2 316-]7, 322 Terrorism (United Nations Measures) Order 2006 808-9, 8]7 Terrorism (United Nations Measures) Order 2009 809-] 0, 8]7, 826

xlvii Other Countries

Canada

Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms Art 5 601, 709

Denmark

Penal Code 215

Germany

Vnited States

second Restatement of Torts art 652D 536

xlviii