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Sleep Environment Recommendations for Future Spaceflight Vehicles NASA/TM-2016-219282 Sleep Environment Recommendations for Future Spaceflight Vehicles Erin E. Flynn-Evans, PhD MPH Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory NASA Ames Research Center Zachary A. Caddick San Jose State University Research Foundation Kevin Gregory San Jose State University Research Foundation National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas 77058 December 2016 NASA STI Program ... in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected to the advancement of aeronautics and space papers from scientific and technical science. The NASA scientific and technical conferences, symposia, seminars, or other information (STI) program plays a key part in meetings sponsored or co-sponsored helping NASA maintain this important role. by NASA. The NASA STI program operates under the SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, auspices of the Agency Chief Information technical, or historical information from Officer. It collects, organizes, provides for NASA programs, projects, and missions, archiving, and disseminates NASA’s STI. The often concerned with subjects having NASA STI program provides access to the NASA substantial public interest. Aeronautics and Space Database and its public interface, the NASA Technical Report Server, TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. English- thus providing one of the largest collections of language translations of foreign scientific aeronautical and space science STI in the world. and technical material pertinent to Results are published in both non-NASA channels NASA’s mission. and by NASA in the NASA STI Report Series, which includes the following report types: Specialized services also include creating custom thesauri, building customized databases, TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of and organizing and publishing research results. completed research or a major significant phase of research that present the results of For more information about the NASA STI NASA Programs and include extensive data program, see the following: or theoretical analysis. Includes compilations of significant scientific and technical data and Access the NASA STI program home page information deemed to be of continuing at http://www.sti.nasa.gov reference value. NASA counterpart of peer- reviewed formal professional papers but has E-mail your question via the Internet to less stringent limitations on manuscript length [email protected] and extent of graphic presentations. Fax your question to the NASA STI Help TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM. Scientific Desk at 443-757-5803 and technical findings that are preliminary or of specialized interest, e.g., quick release Phone the NASA STI Help Desk at reports, working papers, and bibliographies 443-757-5802 that contain minimal annotation. Does not contain extensive analysis. Write to: NASA Center for AeroSpace Information CONTRACTOR REPORT. Scientific and 7115 Standard Drive technical findings by NASA-sponsored Hanover, MD 21076-1320 contractors and grantees. NASA/TM-2016-219282 Sleep Environment Recommendations for Future Spaceflight Vehicles Erin E. Flynn-Evans, PhD MPH Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory NASA Ames Research Center Zachary A. Caddick San Jose State University Research Foundation Kevin Gregory San Jose State University Research Foundation National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas 77058 December 2016 Available from: NASA Center for AeroSpace Information National Technical Information Service 7115 Standard Drive 5301 Shawnee Road Hanover, MD 21076-1320 Alexandria, VA 22312 Available in electronic form at http://ston.jsc.nasa.gov/collections/TRS TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary .........................................................................................................................1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................6 Methods............................................................................................................................................6 Sleep Hygiene ..................................................................................................................................6 Light .............................................................................................................................................6 Noise ............................................................................................................................................9 Ambient Temperature ................................................................................................................14 Air Quality .................................................................................................................................18 Comfort ......................................................................................................................................20 Spaceflight Analog Environments .................................................................................................22 Polar Expeditions .......................................................................................................................22 Underwater Environments .........................................................................................................24 SEALAB II ................................................................................................................................24 Tektite ........................................................................................................................................25 Tektite I ......................................................................................................................................25 Tektite II.....................................................................................................................................25 La Chalupa .................................................................................................................................26 NEEMO .....................................................................................................................................26 Spaceflight and Confinement Analogs ..........................................................................................28 The Skylab Medical Experiments Altitude Test (SMEAT) .......................................................28 Biosphere 2 ................................................................................................................................29 Mars Analogs .............................................................................................................................30 Yuegong-1..................................................................................................................................31 Extreme Environments...................................................................................................................31 Caves ..........................................................................................................................................31 Mountaineering ..........................................................................................................................32 Aircraft .......................................................................................................................................32 Military ......................................................................................................................................34 The Spaceflight Sleep Environment ..............................................................................................37 Vostok ........................................................................................................................................37 Mercury ......................................................................................................................................37 iii Voskhod .....................................................................................................................................37 Gemini........................................................................................................................................38 Soyuz..........................................................................................................................................39 Apollo ........................................................................................................................................39 Salyut .........................................................................................................................................44 Skylab ........................................................................................................................................45 Skylab 2 .....................................................................................................................................46 Skylab 3 .....................................................................................................................................46 Skylab 4 .....................................................................................................................................47 Space Shuttle ..............................................................................................................................47 Mir..............................................................................................................................................50
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