by Derham Groves with a foreword by Elaine Mae Woo and photographs by Lee McRae

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ANNA MAY WONG’S LUCKY SHOES: 1939 AUSTRALIA THROUGH THE EYES OF AN ART DECO DIVA Copyright © 2011 by Derham Groves and Lee McRae.

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ISBN: 978-1-257-71315-8

Cover design by Huey Groves Interior layout by polytekton.com Photography and digital imaging by Lee McRae, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia For Khoo Ping Tiang Table of Contents

Forword 5 Sarah MacIsaac 63 in Australia 6 Paul Mak 64 Acting Career 6 Niquita Mascarenhas 65 Going to Australia 8 Daniela Melzer 66 Arrives in Sydney 11 Katie Miller 67 Arrives in Melbourne 13 Lachlan Michael 68 !e Show 14 Sandra Mrowetz 70 Living in Melbourne 20 Scott O’Reilly 71 Living in Sydney 27 Kim Peeters 72 Going Home 34 Dylan Fangyin Peng 73 Designing Shoes for Callista Sie 74 Anna May Wong 36 Ahmad Faaris Suden 75 Amanda Pei-er Tan 76 Student Work Francisca Sugiarto 78 Steve Zhirui Yu 41 Jia Peng Wu 79 Muhammad Abid 42 En Yee Teh 80 Lavanya Arulanandam 43 Joris Van Dijk 81 Rubina Barooah 44 Francis Van Oss 82 Christopher Berzins 45 Lodewijk Vinckier 83 Justin Bolton 46 Alexandra Wall 84 Tim Clarke 47 Claire Welsh 85 Rebecca De Haas 48 Enjie Wu 86 Kate Fitzgerald 49 Tracy Xia 87 Neo Fu 50 Si Xiong 88 Maria Haenichen 51 David Young 89 Ryan Hajeb 52 Nur Zafira Zainal Abidin 90 Linton Hart 53 Audrey Zefara 91 Cheryl Siew Wan Heap 54 Bo Zhang 92 Jasmine Heo 56 Yue Zhao 93 Yoke Kim Lee 57 Jia Yuan Yang 94 Zoe Lewis 58 Will Liheng Xu 95 Ying Li 60 Linna Zheng 96 Maggie Ma 61 Yindong Ma 62 Endnotes 97 Foreword Elaine Mae Woo

!e Chinese American actress, Anna Derham Groves reflects the desire May Wong (1905-1961), was—and of many people to bring back to the still is to this day—one of the most spotlight this puzzling Chinese Amer- glamorous and memorable female ican woman who was nearly forgot- movie stars of color to ever grace the ten, but has resurfaced in the last few silver screen. She was the first Asian- years and is finding her proper place American actress to achieve interna- in our cinema history. It will help tional stardom. people around the world and in the future to know a little more about this Anna’s career in Hollywood began as marvelous pioneering actress, who at a lamp-bearing extra in the silent film, a particular time in history persevered !e Red Lantern (1919), starring Alla when there was much discrimination Nazimova. She went on to star herself towards people of Chinese origin and in !e Toll of the Sea (1922), Tech- only limited opportunities for them nicolor’s ground-breaking two-color in Western society. film, and !e !ief of Bagdad (1924) with Douglas Fairbanks Sr., while Intriguingly, Derham’s detailed re- Shanghai Express (1932), the talking search on Anna’s visit to Australia in film directed by 1939 is illustrated with pairs of shoes in which she co-starred with Marlene designed and made for the actress by Dietrich, is still a classic. architecture students from his Popu- lar Architecture and Design course at Anna was involved in over sixty films. the University of Melbourne. She was a versatile actress who con- stantly wanted to prove herself not only in motion pictures, but also as a performer on radio, stage, television, and—surprisingly—in vaudeville throughout the world. Elaine Mae Woo wrote, directed and In many ways, Anna May Wong’s produced the documentary, Anna May Lucky Shoes: 1939 Australia !rough Wong—Frosted Yellow Willows: Her the Eyes of an Art Deco Diva by Dr. Life, Times and Legend (2007).

5 Anna May Wong in Australia Derham Groves “Oh, How the Ghost of You Clings”1

Anna May Wong’s Lucky Shoes: 1939 by her drop-dead good looks and Australia !rough the Eyes of an Art Steve McQueen coolness (Fig. 1). Deco Diva showcases the amazing Reading Graham Russell Gao shoes created by the architecture stu- Hodges’ biography of the actress, dents who did my Popular Architec- Anna May Wong: From Laundry- ture and Design course in 2010 at man’s Daughter to Hollywood Legend the University of Melbourne (Aus- (2004), I learned that she had come tralia), where I teach, for the remark- to Australia in 1939 to star in a vari- able Chinese-American actress, Anna ety show called Highlights From Hol- May Wong (a.k.a. Wong Liu Tsong), lywood (1939) at the Tivoli !eater who was born on Tuesday the 3rd of in Melbourne. However, Hodges January 1905 and died suddenly on does not say very much about her !ursday the 2nd of February 1961. trip, and nor do Wong’s other biog- But before viewing the wonderful raphers.2 My curiosity piqued, be- photographs of the shoes taken by the cause I live in Melbourne I felt that I Melbourne University photographer, was well placed to fill in some of the Lee McRae, let me say something gaps. !erefore, I have tried to give firstly about Wong, and secondly a thorough, chronological account about the shoe project. of Wong’s stay in Australia, based on local newspaper reports, and using her own words whenever possible. Acting Career As it turns out, the 107 days that she Ever since I first saw Anna May Wong spent in Australia provides a snap- in the otherwise somewhat dreary shot of the actress at a crossroads in Sherlock Holmes movie, A Study in Fig. 1: Anna May Wong. (Derham Groves’ her career and the country unwit- Scarlet (1933), I have been smitten collection.) tingly on the verge of war.

6 Last but probably not least, “Aus- tralia’s own gymnasts,” the Athrillos (a.k.a. the !ree Athrillos), were “neat in their acrobatics,”115 commented !e Argus. Clearly, this type of theater was not named “variety” for noth- ing. “Bright vaudeville this, in which song and dance predominate,”116 was how !e Argus summed up Highlights From Hollywood as a whole.

On Saturday the 1st of July 1939, Anna May Wong’s act was unexpectedly re- vamped, as !e Argus announced: “A timely dramatic episode entitled ‘At the Barricade,’ based on an actual in- cident in the Eastern situation, will be introduced by Miss Anna May Wong in [the] Highlights From Hollywood production at the Tivoli !eater to- day.”117 !e event alluded to was the Tientsin (a.k.a. Tianjin) Blockade, which was dramatically unfolding at the time. On the 30th of July 1937, the Japanese army invaded Tientsin in northeast China, but they continued to respect the rights of the large num- ber of foreigners living there. Howev- er, when four Chinese nationalists ac- cused of murdering a Japanese official on the 9th of April 1939 took refuge in the part of the city under British con- trol, the Japanese army retaliated by turning away supplies of food and fuel for the British quarter, and also strip- searching in public anyone entering or leaving the area. For a while, it looked like there might be an Anglo-Japanese war, especially when hostile accounts Fig. 4: The Highlights From Hollywood theater program. (The Performing Arts of British subjects being maltreated Museum.)

17 tions that exist between shoes and wrap-around shoes for the French architecture. Once upon a time, es- clothing company, Lacoste,246 and pecially in England, a well-worn shoe Frank Gehry (born 1929), who de- was concealed within the structure of signed some men’s leather button-up a new building so as to placate any boots for the French shoemaker, J.M. malevolent spirits that happened to Weston. “It’s just part of an archi- be present. It was actually a substi- tect’s work,” remarked Gehry. “Shoes tute for a human sacrifice, because are very architectural and always have in those days people believed that a been […] and even more recently shoe was synonymous with a person, there are new shoes like Miuccia as the English physician, Dr. E.T. [Prada’s]—they’re buildings […] You Renbourn, the author of “!e Foot shouldn’t have to differentiate be- and Shoe in Body and Mind” (n.d.), tween disciplines.”247 explained: “To the primitive mind there was a sympathetic connec- To introduce the shoe project to the tion between a man or his feet and Melbourne University architecture his footprint—in which he believed students, I gave them a lecture on the soul resided.” 242 Furthermore, the Wong’s visit to Australia, and also bottom of a foot and a shoe are both showed them King of Chinatown, her called a sole; and the idea that shoes film that was playing at the Capitol can sometimes stand-in for people is !eater while she was in Melbourne. enshrined in common sayings like My instructions to the students were “Walk a mile in his/her shoes” and “I very straightforward: “Create a pair wouldn’t like to be in his/her shoes.” of (lucky?) shoes for Anna May Wong by altering (i.e. cutting, covering, !e old English nursery rhyme, painting, re-building, etc.) an old “!ere was an Old Woman Who pair of shoes purchased from an op Lived in a Shoe,”243 established once shop. Don’t hold back!” !e students and for all the architectonic charac- also received some useful tips from ter of shoes. Indeed, many buildings Andrew Robinson, a Melbourne shoe look like shoes, either deliberately, designer who teaches at R.M.I.T. such as the shoe-shaped guesthouse University (Fig. 17). Let me briefly (1948) near Hallam, Pennsylvania,244 discuss a small sample of the students’ or inadvertently, like the shoe-shaped shoe designs. headquarters of I.N.G. (2000) in Amsterdam.245 A number of architects “Anna May Wong strikes me as be- have also designed shoes, including ing akin to a flower of the Orient: she the Pritzker Architecture Prize win- is delicate, beautiful, strong, and re- ners, Zaha Hadid (born 1950), who silient,” said Alexandra Wall. “In de- Fig. 16: Anna May Wong in high heels. designed some women’s rubberized signing a pair of shoes for her to wear, (Derham Groves’ collection.)

37 Student Work

Steve Zhirui Yu

41 Cheryl Siew Wan Heap

54 55 Jasmine Heo

56 Yoke Kim Lee

57 Zoe Lewis

58 Ahmad Faaris Suden

75 Amanda Pei-er Tan

76 77 Linna Zheng

96 7 Lon Jones. “Anna May Wong to Visit 1972).” Australian Dictionary of Biography Australia. Chinese Star Will Arrive in Few Online Edition: . New South Wales), the 1st of May 1939: 8. 18 Jones. 8 “Anna May Wong. Impatient of Being 19 “Hollywood’s Oriental Star Here Next ‘Typed.’” !e Age, the 6th of June 1939: 8. Week.” !e Herald (Melbourne), the 3rd of 9 F.K.M. “Going Back-Stage to Meet the Star! June 1939: 42. !e Table Talk Interviewer Sees a Talkie— 20 Chan: 131. and !en Meets the Leading Actress! An In- 21 Hodges: 198. terview with Attractive Anna May Wong, the 22 On page 148 of his biography, Anthony Famous Film Star Now at the Tivoli.” Table B. Chan claimed that Wong donated much Talk (Melbourne), the 15th of June 1939: 5. of her Australian earnings to the China War 10 W.J. Passingham. “Influences of Screen on Relief Fund, but he did not give any refer- Lives of Women. ‘Hundreds of Colberts and ences to substantiate it. However, I doubt its Endnotes Shearers.’ Changes in the East.” !e Sydney validity, because in the very extensive Austra- Morning Herald, Women’s Supplement, the 7th lian newspaper coverage of the film star’s trip, 1 !is is a line from the song, “!ese Foolish of July 1936: 8. her intention to do this was never mentioned !ings” (1936), which was written by Eric 11 See “Frank Neil’s Death. Accident Finding.” (more about this later). Maschwitz for Anna May Wong (more about !e Argus (Melbourne), the 9th of January 23 “Philosophy is a Heritage. Importance of this later). 1940: 5. Frank Van Straten. Tivoli: 109. Mel- Relaxing.” !e Sydney Morning Herald, the 2 See Graham Russell Gao Hodges. Anna bourne: !omas C. Lothian Pty. Ltd., 2003. 18th of July 1939: 4. May Wong: From Laundryman’s Daughter to 12 Nancye Bridges and Frank Crook. Curtain 24 See Karen J. Leong. !e China Mystique. Hollywood Legend: 198. Maryland: Palgrave Call: 67. North Ryde: Cassell Australia Ltd., Pearl S. Buck, Anna May Wong, and the Trans- Macmillan, 2004. Anthony B. Chan. Per- 1980. formation of American Orientalism: 57-105. petually Cool: !e Many Lives of Anna May 13 “Centenary Vaudeville. Many Overseas Berkeley: University of California Press, Wong (1905-1961): 80. Lanham, Maryland: Artists Engaged.” !e Argus, the 28th of July 2005: 57-105. Scarecrow Press Inc., 2003. Philip Leibfried 1934: 22. See “Revue for Australia. Mr. Frank 25 Hodges: 198. and Chei Mi Lane. Anna May Wong: A Com- Neil’s Plans. !ree Companies Engaged.” !e 26 Unfortunately, I did not have access to any plete Guide to Her Film, Stage, Radio and Tele- Argus, the 5th of September 1934: 6. Honolulu newspapers to either confirm or vision Work: 156. Jefferson, North Carolina: 14 “Personal.” !e Sydney Morning Herald, refute what I strongly suspect. McFarland & Company, Inc., 2004. the 30th of August 1934: 9. 27 Hodges: 198. 3 “World Famous Chinese Actress.” !e Age 15 F.K.M. 28 Jones. (Melbourne, Victoria), the 3rd of June 1939: 16. 16 Jones. 29 !e full names of the Tivoli artists were 4 “!e Feminine Angle.” !e Canberra Times 17 True enough, however Wong seems to written on the “Personal Statement and Dec- (Canberra, Australian Capital Territory), the have forgotten about the Chinese-Australian laration” migration forms of the following: 17th of May 1939: 3. actress, Rose Quong (1879-1972), who she Lorenzo Andreini; Frank Andrini; Alfredo R. 5 See Leibfried and Lane: 77-78. appeared with in the play, !e Circle of Chalk Garcia; Jack Vinton Lane; Howard Alan Wil- 6 “News of the World.” Northern Territory (1929). See “!e World of Women. Rose son; Joaquin Aguilar Garay; William Frank Times (Darwin, Northern Territory), the 17th Quong’s Success.” !e Argus, the 18th of Jan- Evers; and Merrill La Fontaine. (!e Na- of January 1930: 2. uary 1939: 7. “Quong, Rose Maud (1879- tional Archives of Australia, Canberra.) !e

97 descriptions of the artists are from Highlights 39 See “Negress Film Star. Nina Mae McKin- 52 Ibid. From Hollywood: unpaged. Melbourne: !e ney.” !e Argus, the 7th of September 1937: 10. 53 Ibid. Tivoli Circuit, 1939. (Note: !ere is an early 40 E. Chapple. “!e General Manager. Anna 54 Ibid. printing of the Melbourne theater program May Wong,” the 18th of May 1939. (!e Na- 55 See “George Zaharias.” Wikipedia: . and a later printing of it in the Performing 41 Letter to Charles Brandreth from C.J.A. 56 See “Babe Didrikson. Outstanding Sports Arts Museum, Melbourne.) Moses, the 20th of May 1939. (!e National Woman. Visitor to Sydney. Tremendous 30 !is information is recorded on the artists’ Archives of Australia.) Driver at Golf.” !e Sydney Morning Herald, “Personal Statement and Declaration” forms. 42 See “Today’s Radio Programs.” !e Adver- the 5th of June 1939: 15. 31 “Luncheon. R.M.S. Aorangi. Cabin Class. tiser (Adelaide, South Australia), the 12th of 57 “Coming by the Aorangi.” !e Sydney 14th May 1939.” (Derham Groves’ collection.) July 1939: 16. Morning Herald, the 30th of May 1939: 16. 32 “Dinner. R.M.S. Aorangi. Cabin Class. 43 See “Today’s Radio Programs.” Examiner 58 “Twenty Tidy Little Choristers.” !e Syd- 14th May 1939.” (Derham Groves’ collection.) (Launceston, Tasmania), the 12th of July ney Morning Herald, the 5th of June 1939: 4. 33 “Returning by the Aorangi.” !e Sydney 1939: 9. 59 See “News in Films”. Morning Herald, the 23rd of May 1939: 4. 44 See Highlights From Hollywood. 60 !e Sydney Morning Herald, the 3rd of June 34 “Heir to the DJs Dynasty was Proud to be 45 See “Chickenpox in Aorangi.” !e Couri- 1939: 2. ‘In Trade.’” er-Mail (Brisbane, Queensland), the 30th of 61 See “Anna May Wong. Film Star Arrives in . 47 See “News in Films.” !e Courier-Mail, Cancelled.” !e Sydney Morning Herald, the 35 Bridges and Crook: 83. the 10th of June 1939: 9. 1st of June 1939: 20. 36 Letter to C.J.A. Moses from Charles Bran- 48 See “Broadcasting. A Touring Studio. 63 “China’s Friendship. Young Lady Diplo- dreth, the 9th of May 1939. (!e National Many Records. Under and Above Sydney.” mat. On Refugee Organization.” !e Cairns Archives of Australia.) !e Sydney Morning Herald, the 21st of June Post (Cairns, Queensland), the 26th of June 37 C.J.A. Moses. “Memorandum to the Fed- 1939: 7. 1939: 9. eral Program Controller, the Controller of 49 “Hollywood ‘Saner’ Now. Anna May 64 “!eater Notes. Shaw Tilts at Dictators. Celebrity Concerts, the Federal Controller Wong in Sydney.” !e Courier-Mail, 5th June Big Stage Freeze.” !e Argus, the 2nd of June of Music, the Federal Controller of Produc- 1939:3. !e identical story also appeared in 1939: 12. tions,” the 11th of May 1939. (!e National !e Argus, the 5th of June 1939: 2, !e West 65 See !e Age, the 6th of June 1939: 15. Archives of Australia.) Australian (Perth), the 5th of June 1939: 10 66 “In Person. Anna May Wong. !e Famous 38 In Shanghai Express, Anna May Wong and !e Advertiser, the 5th of June 1939: 28. Stage and Screen Star.” !e Age, the 3rd of played a high-class Chinese prostitute named 50 “Chinese Film Star Arrives.” !e Courier- June 1939: 36. Hue Fei. !e other members of the cast in- Mail, the 7th of June 1939: 3. Also see “Miss 67 See Te Pana (Nelson Burns). “Chinese Star cluded , Clive Brook and Anna May Wong.” !e Townsville Daily Bul- Silent on Hollywood.” !e Argus, the 6th of Warner Oland. In 1932, the film won the letin (Townsville, Queensland), the 13th of June 1939: 4. Academy Award for Best Cinematography June 1939: 8. 68 See “In Person. Anna May Wong. !e Fa- and received Academy Award nominations 51 “Gardening and Cooking. Chinese Star’s mous Stage and Screen Star.” for Best Production and Best Director. See Hobbies.” !e Sydney Morning Herald, the 5th 69 See “Chinese Film Star Arrives.” !e Argus, Leibfried and Lane: 95-100. of June 1939: 4. the 6th of June 1939: 5.

98 70 See !e Sun News-Pictorial (Melbourne), 89 “Bright Show at Tivoli. Anna May Wong.” 94 See “!eater Notes. Fine Actress Coming. the 6th of June 1939: 29. 90 I strongly suspect that Betty Burgess and Pauline Lord’s Tour.” !e Argus, the 10th of 71 Te Pana. “Chinese Star Silent on Hollywood.” Sonny Lamont traveled to Australia onboard June 1939: 5. However, Bugs Wilson’s per- 72 “Music and Drama. Anna May Wong— the Aorangi with the other American per- formance is not credited in: “!e Big Broad- Lotte Lehmann’s Recitals—‘I Married an formers in Highlights From Hollywood, how- cast of 1938 (1938).” IMDb: . of March 1939: 20. and Declaration” forms. I know that George 95 See Highlights From Hollywood. Geoffrey 73 Jones. Zaharias definitely traveled to Australia on- Hutton. “!eater Notes. Playgoers Like to 74 “World-Famed Chinese Actress.” board the Aorangi, but I cannot find his form Barrack. Comedienne’s Debut.” !e Argus, 75 See Leibfried and Lane: 161. either, which suggests that some records are 27th of May 1939: 17. “Hollywood High- 76 Jonathan Swift. “Here, !ere and Every- missing or unavailable. I have a newspaper lights.” !e Age, the 10th of June 1939: 10. where.” !e Sun News-Pictorial, the 13th of photograph of Burgess and Zaharias that was “Anna May Wong. A Propagandist Sketch.” June 1939: 7. taken shortly after their wedding on Tuesday !e Sydney Morning Herald, the 21st of July 77 Email from Robert McBride, a nephew of the 5th of January 1960, which has the fol- 1939: 13. Merrill La Fontaine, to Derham Groves, the lowing written on the back of it: “Las Vegas, 96 See “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs 17th of July 2008. Nev. George Zaharias, 50, former husband (1937).” IMDb: . 79 Ibid. rikson, who died last year of cancer, and 97 “Voice of Snow White.” !e Argus, the 11th 80 Ibid. Better Burgess, 42, [of] Los Angeles, former of October 1938: 4. 81 “Bright Show at Tivoli. Anna May Wong.” film actress, were married [on the] 1/5 at 98 See “!eater Notes. Fine Actress Coming. !e Argus, the 13th of June 1939: 12. the Desert Inn in Las Vegas, where they are Pauline Lord’s Tour.” 82 “Anna May Wong.” Table Talk, the 15th of spending their honeymoon. Zaharias, a for- 99 “Anna May Wong. A Propagandist Sketch.” June 1939: 3. mer wrestler now in the real estate business, 100 Highlights From Hollywood. 83 Bridges and Crook: 55. and his wife have known each other for 21 101 “Bright Show at Tivoli. Anna May Wong.” 84 An advertisement in the Highlights From Hol- years.” Given that Burgess and Zaharias first 102 See J.B. Kaufman. South of the Border lywood stated: “!e Beautiful Floral Tributes met each other in 1939 (i.e. 1960 minus 21 with Disney: Walt Disney and the Good Neigh- handed out to the Tivoli Artists on every open- years equals 1939), rightly or wrongly, I am bor Program, 1941-1948: 219. New York: ing night of New Companies are from Miss assuming this happened onboard the Aorangi Disney Editions, 2009. !e !ree Caballe- R. Floyd, Florist, No. 2, ‘C,’ Eastern Market.” while they were both sailing to Australia. ros (1944). IMDb: . 85 Mayfair. “Heard Here and !ere.” !e Syd- Women’s Weekly Film Reviewer. !e Story 103 “Bright Show at Tivoli. Anna May Wong.” ney Morning Herald, the 27th of July 1939: of Irene and Vernon Castle.” !e Australian 104 See Gregg Miner, “‘Notable’ Historical 20. !e same item also appeared in “Gossip.” Women’s Weekly, the 12th of August 1939: Players of Harp Guitars and Related Instru- !e Townsville Daily Bulletin, the 3rd of Au- 60. “!e Story of Irene and Vernon Castle ments.” Encyclopaedia of Harp Guitar Play- gust 1939: 8. (1939).” IMDb: . players/encyclopedia_of_hg_players.htm>. 87 Ibid. 92 “!e Adventures of the Masked Phantom 105 See the “Personal Statement and Decla- 88 See Jack Lane. A Gallery of Stars: !e Story (1939).” IMDb: . Andreini. Baltimore: Luminary Press, 2005. 93 “Bright Show at Tivoli. Anna May Wong.” 106 See Greg Miner.

99 107 See Highlights From Hollywood. !e 16 124 “Anna May Wong.” !e Sydney Morning 142 “S.O.S. Children’s Hospital Calling… members of the Tivoli Ballet were Jean Bein- Herald, the 15th of July 1939: 9. Gala !eatrical Entertainment. Princess !e- ke; Lorna Belden; Alma Chippendale; Pat 125 “Anna May Wong. A Propagandist Sketch.” ater. Corrigan; Phyl Dolphin; Rosie Fitzgerald; 126 Hodges: 149. 143 “Gala Show at Princess.” Phyl Hall; Sylvia Harvey; Gwennie Mack- 127 Richard Corliss. “Anna May Wong Did 144 “International Club. Aims Explained.” intosh; Elsma Matthews; Irene McGregor; it Right.” Time, the 29th of January 2005: !e Argus, the 6th of April 1935: 12. Claire Miller; Rita Mitchell; Rosie Simpson; . Argus, the 8th of June 1939: 17. 108 “Bright Show at Tivoli. Anna May Wong.” 128 “Anna May Wong. A Propagandist 146 Ibid. 109 Highlights From Hollywood. Sketch.” 147 “Miss Anna May Wong Welcomed.” !e 110 “Bright Show at Tivoli. Anna May Wong.” 129 “Amusements.” !e Sydney Morning Her- Age, the 12th of June 1939: 3. 111 See Jennifer. “Passing Show. Chit Chat.” ald, the 17th of August 1939: 2. 148 Ibid. !e Western Mail (Perth), the 2nd of March 130 Jack Meander. “Eyes and Ears in Town.” 149 See Leibfried and Lane: 122-126. 1939: 33. !e Sydney Morning Herald, the 16th of Au- 150 !e Age, the 15th of June 1939: 15. !e 112 Highlights From Hollywood. gust 1939: 7. caption read: “Miss Anna May Wong, the 113 “Bright Show at Tivoli. Anna May Wong.” 131 Te Pana. “Te Pana’s Film Parade. Screen celebrated Chinese film star, receiving a large 114 See “!e Tivoli.” !e Sydney Morning Idols who Suffer for Art.” !e Courier-Mail, bouquet from a page boy, when she attended Herald, the 19th of October 1936: 6. the 9th of November 1939: 16. the film in which she stars at the Capitol 115 “Bright Show at Tivoli. Anna May Wong.” 132 See “Amusements.” !eater.” 116 Ibid. 133 See Te Pana. “George Robey at Tivoli. 151 !e Argus, the 15th of June 1939: 5. !e 117 “Anna May Wong.” !e Argus, the 1st of Fellow of Great Jest.” !e Argus, the 18th of caption read: “Busy days for Miss Anna May July 1939: 2. July 1939: 4. Wong, screen actress, shown leaving the Cap- 118 See “Tientsin Incident.” Wikipedia: 134 See Leibfried and Lane: 80-83. itol !eater yesterday, where she is making . bourne: Self-published, no date. she is starred is screened. Miss Wong also ap- 119 Highlights From Hollywood. (!e copy in 136 Bugs Wilson gave the Arcade Hotel pears twice daily at the Tivoli !eater.” the Performing Arts Museum.) (a.k.a. the Royal Arcade Hotel) as his tem- 152 “Watched Operation to get Atmosphere.” 120 Jack Meander. “Movement in the City.” porary Melbourne address on his “Personal !e Courier-Mail, the 3rd of August 1939: 19. !e Sydney Morning Herald, the 21st of July Statement and Declaration” form. 153 F.K.M. 1939: 4. 137 Highlights From Hollywood. (!e copy in 154 Ibid. 121 “Philosophy is a Heritage. Importance of the State Library of Victoria.) 155 Shirley Jennifer Lim. A Feeling of Belong- Relaxing.” Also see “Talking to Anna May 138 “S.O.S. Children’s Hospital Calling… ing. Asian American Women’s Public Culture, Wong.” !e Western Mail, the 16th of Febru- Gala !eatrical Entertainment. Princess !e- 1930-1960: 47. New York: New York Uni- ary 1939: 28. ater. Tuesday, the June 6th of 1939.” (Bruce versity Press, 2006. 122 Fred Parsons. A Man Called Mo: 64. Mel- McBrien’s collection.) 156 “King of Chinatown.” !e Sydney Morning bourne: William Heinemann Australia Pty. 139 “Gala Show at Princess.” !e Argus, the Herald, the 31st of July 1939: 5. Ltd., 1973. 7th of June 1939: 15. 157 Raymond Lew-Boar interviewed by So- 123 See “Tivoli—‘Hollywood Highlights.’” 140 “Babies’ Ward. Closing Avoided.” !e Ar- phie Couchman from the Museum of Chi- !e Sydney Morning Herald, the 22nd of July gus, the 1st of June 1939: 12. nese Australian History, Melbourne, no date: 1939: 9. 141 “Gala Show at Princess.” unpaged.

100 158 Email from Raymond Lew-Boar to Der- December 1934: 19. “Dogs on Parade. Po- China Women’s Relief Fund Committee.” !e ham Groves, the 28th of September 2009. meranian and Irish Setter Champions.” !e identical photograph and caption also appeared 159 “!e Best Meal I Ever Had…” !e Aus- Courier-Mail, the 31st of August 1936: 19. in !e Advertiser, the 22nd of July 1939: 27. tralian Women’s Weekly, the 5th of August “Dog Show Awards. Sunshine Club.” !e Ar- 186 See !e Sydney Morning Herald, the 18th 1939: 20. gus, the 19th of April 1938: 13. of July 1939: 14. !e caption read: “!e 160 See “Miss Anna May Wong Writes About 169 Jones. Chinese film star, Anna May Wong, arrived Her Remington Portable.” !e Sun News- 170 “Social and Personal.” Healesville and Yar- in Sydney from Melbourne yesterday and Pictorial, the 15th of June 1939: 10. An iden- ra Glen Guardian (Healesville, Victoria), the was welcomed by members of the Chinese tical advertisement also appeared in !e Sun 24th of June 1939: 2. community. She is shown acknowledging the News-Pictorial, the 30th of June 1939: 16. 171 See “Personal.” !e Argus, the 19th of June greetings of the crowd.” 161 Ibid. 1939: 8. 187 “Philosophy is a Heritage. Importance of 162 Letter from Anna May Wong to Fania 172 !e Age, the 19th of June 1939: 15. Relaxing.” and Carl Van Vechten, the 11th of September 173 Jack Meander. “Wit of Miss Wong.” 188 Ibid. 1939. (!e Beinecke Rare Book and Manu- !e Sydney Morning Herald, the 18th of July 189 “Social and Personal. Party for Anna May script Library, Yale University, New Haven.) 1939: 4. Wong.” !e Sydney Morning Herald, the 19th 163 Ibid. 174 “Prima Donna Charms Her Audience.” of July 1939: 7. 164 Meander. “Eyes and Ears in Town.” !e Argus, the 23rd of June 1939: 15. 190 “Anna May Wong.” !e Home, August 165 See !e Argus, the 17th of June 1939: 18. 175 “University Luncheon Parties.” !e Argus, 1939: 50-51. !e caption read: “Miss Anna May Wong, the 24th of June 1939: 7. 191 See “Tivoli !eater.” !e Sydney Morning now appearing at the Tivoli !eater, pho- 176 “Flowers for Artist.” !e Argus, the 30th of Herald, the 1st of July 1939: 10. tographed while shopping at Foy’s Fashion June 1939: 15. 192 “Bright and Fast. New Tivoli Show.” !e Corner.” 177 See “Coming Events.” !e Argus, the 11th Argus, the 2nd of May 1939: 3. 166 Te Pana. “A Film Critic’s Diary. Some Brit- of July 1939: 2. 193 “‘Broadway Hotshots.’ New Tivoli Show.” ish Subjects.” !e Argus, 28 June 1939: 15. 178 “Social Notes, Personal.” !e Argus, the !e Sydney Morning Herald, the 16th of June 167 See “!e Movie Ball. Glimpses of Hol- 27th of June 1939: 7. 1939: 13. lywood.” !e Advertiser, the 12th of July 179 See “Social and Personal.” !e Argus, the 194 “Other Entertainments. Tivoli !eater.” 1929: 19. “Entertainments. Movie Crazy 1st of July 1939: 16. !e Argus, the 8th of May 1939: 4. Ball.” !e Mercury (Hobart, Tasmania), the 180 “Brilliant Ball at Palais. Golden Gate Fi- 195 “‘Broadway Hotshots.’ New Tivoli Show.” 16th of December 1932: 6. “C.W.A. Ball. esta.” !e Argus, the 1st of July 1939: 15. 196 Ibid. Opening of A.L. and S. Ltd. New Premises.” 181 “Back From Melbourne.” !e Mercury, 197 “Amused King. Former U.S. Senator.” !e Cairns Post, the 9th of September 1933: Women’s Realm: Supplement to “!e Mercury”: !e Argus, the 25th of April 1939: 7. 9. “Fancy Dress Movie Ball.” !e Northern the 5th of July 1939: 6. 198 “Bright and Fast. New Tivoli Show.” Standard (Darwin), the 9th of October 1934: 182 See Leibfried and Lane: 161-162. 199 Geoffrey Hutton. “!eater Notes. Ideas 5. “Menzies. Movie Ball.” !e Western Argus 183 F.K.M. From Vienna.” !e Argus, the 28th of April (Kalgoorlie, Western Australia), the 22nd of 184 Meander. “Wit of Miss Wong.” 1939: 3. October 1935: 7. “ !e Reelers’ Ball. Breezy 185 See !e Mercury, the 21st of July 1939: 6. 200 “Music and Drama. A Boom in Con- Non-Stop Show at the Embassy.” !e Sunday !e caption read: “When Anna May Wong, certs—Schnabel and Boys’ Choir.” !e Sydney Times (Perth), the 29th of August 1937: 27. Chinese film star, returned to Sydney this week, Morning Herald, the 10th of June 1939: 12. 168 See Cerberus. “!e Dog World. Canine she was presented with a bouquet of red roses by 201 Meander. “Movement in the City.” Government.” !e Courier-Mail, the 15th of Mrs. Mane on behalf of the New South Wales 202 “Talking to Anna May Wong.”

101 203 Ibid. 222 Ibid. 232 Jesse Collings. “!ere is No Virtue in a 204 See “Stage and Screen Personalities.” !e 223 See “Parties Yesterday at University and Shiny Nose.” !e Sydney Morning Herald, the Sydney Morning Herald, Women’s Supplement, International Club.” !e Sydney Morning 14th of August 1939: 4. the 7th of December 1937: 11. Herald, the 28th of July 1939: 4. !e caption 233 “Folk and Traditional Song Lyrics: Home 205 Jonathan Swift. read: “Mrs. Maurice Gulson, the Consul- Sweet Home.” . Sydney Morning Herald, the 20th of July with a buttonhole, and Mrs. De Noskowski 234 Meander. “Eyes and Ears in Town.” 1939: 20. at the cocktail party given by the Interna- 235 “Chinese Clothes in Parade.” !e Sydney 208 Jack Meander. “Among !ose Present.” tional Society yesterday afternoon in honor Morning Herald, the 31st of March 1950: 9. !e Sydney Morning Herald, the 24th of July of the Consul-General and his wife and Miss 236 Meander. “Eyes and Ears in Town.” 1939: 4. Wong.” 237 “From Verity’s Notebook…Interesting 209 “Well-Known People Enjoying !em- 224 “Hollywood Merry-Go-Round. Fortune Travellers.” !e Courier-Mail, the 4th of Oc- selves in Snow and City.” !e Sydney Morning Made From ‘Snow White.’ 1914 Film was tober 1939: 16. Herald, the 27th of July 1939: 17. Best Money Maker.” !e Barrier Miner (Bro- 238 Hodges: 198. 210 See Meander. “Movement in the City.” ken Hill, New South Wales), the 3rd of Au- 239 Letter from Anna May Wong to Fania 211 Meander. “Wit of Miss Wong.” gust 1939: 7. Marinoff and Carl Van Vechten, the 11th of 212 See Kerwin Maegraith. !e Autobiogra- 225 If Anna May Wong did in fact plan to September 1939. (!e Beinecke Rare Book phy of Kerwin Maegraith. Australia: Spaark donate much of her Australian earnings to and Manuscript Library, Yale University, Books, 2010. the China War Relief Fund, as Anthony B. New Haven.) 213 Kerwin Maegraith. “Hollywood is a Chan suggested in his biography of the ac- 240 “Vienna Boys’ Choir.” GNT History: Gamble—Says Anna May Wong. Brother tress, then perhaps she prudently changed . Morning Herald, Women’s Supplement, the Pictures Inc.? 241 G. Aigremont. Foot and Shoe Symbolism 24th of July 1939: 4. 226 “Social and Personal. Welcome Home and Eroticism. Leipzig: Verlags-Aktien-Ge- 214 Ibid. Party.” !e Sydney Morning Herald, the 5th of sellschaft, 1909. Quoted in William A. Ros- 215 Ibid. August 1939: 11. si. !e Sex Life of the Foot and Shoe: 13-14. 216 Email from Hannah Hall to Derham 227 See “Kelly, !omas Herbert (1875- New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1976. Groves, the 30th of July 2008. 1948).” Australian Dictionary of Biography 242 E.T. Renbourn. “!e Foot and Shoe in 217 “From Day to Day in Sydney. Film Star Online Edition: . Rossi: 3-4. the 27th of July 1939: 18. 228 “Welcome Home Party.” !e Sydney 243 Mother Goose. “!ere was an Old Wom- 218 Ibid. Morning Herald, the 9th of August 1939: 7. an Who Lived in a Shoe.” Poetry Founda- 219 “From Day to Day in Sydney. Anna May 229 “!e Silence of Dean Maitland (1934).” tion: . 28th of July 1939: 4. tt0026995/>. 244 Uncle Joey. “Haines Shoe House—!e 220 “Consul-General Entertained. Played in 230 “Chinese Film Star at Ball.” !e Sydney Shoe House of the Wizard.” Off the Beaten ‘Macbeth.’” !e Sydney Morning Herald, the Morning Herald, the 9th of August 1939: 6. Path: . 28th of July 1939: 4. 231 “!e World’s Most Beautiful Chinese 245 “I.N.G. Headquarters, Amsterdam. Mey- 221 Ibid. Girl.” Look, the 1st of March 1938: 36-37. er & Van Schooten Architecten 2002.” Ga-

102 linsky. People Enjoying Buildings Worldwide: People, for All Worlds: . pod.com/features-am-wong.html>. 246 See Lacoste: . statement that accompanied her pair of 247 David Sokol. “Architects Tread in New shoes, 2010. Territory: Shoe Design.” Architectural Record: 257 Susan Johnston and Lindsay Nation. Aus- . Wales: New South Wales University Press, 248 See Leibfried and Lane: 19-20. 2003. 249 See Leibfried and Lane: 20-23. 258 See “Gala Show at Princess.” 250 See Leibfried and Lane: 25-26. 259 Rossi: 30-41. 251 See Leibfried and Lane: 35-39. 260 Rossi: 45. 252 See Leibfried and Lane: 48-51. 261 See “Eric Maschwitz.” Wikipedia: . Hobbies.” 262 “!ese Foolish !ings Lyrics.” LyricsFreak: 254 See “Westminster Flower Show.” !e West . 255 Philip Leibfried. “Anna May Wong. First 263 See “!e Wizard of Oz (1939).” IMDb: Asian American Star!” USAsians.net for All .

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