Early Ohio Botanical Collections and the Development of the State Herbarium1

EARLY OHIO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE HERBARIUM1

RONALD L. STUCKEY, Department of Botany, College of Biological Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210

ABSTRACT. It was nearly 90 years after Ohio was admitted to the Union before a State Herbarium was organized in Columbus. The earliest collections of vascular plants in the state were made by Manasseh Cutler (1788), Andre Michaux (1793), Frangois Andre Michaux(1802), and Thomas Nuttall (1810, 1816). By 1810, permanent residents began recording the flora and preparing herbarium specimens. First among these was Dr. Daniel Drake of Cincinnati, who was foremost in promoting the study of botany in the Ohio Valley. During the 1830s, the golden years of plant collecting by the pioneer botanists in Ohio, Drake's efforts came to fruition in his student, Dr. John L. Riddell, who through his field work, teaching, and publications on the flora and techniques for making herbarium specimens, involved a number of individuals in the study of botany early in the decade. Many of these individuals contributed specimens to the Flora of North America project of Drs. John Torrey and Asa Gray of New York City later in the decade. At this time, institutional herbaria were formed within newly organized scientific, medical, and philosophical societies, but these early attempts at institutional herbaria failed. The private herbaria of the pioneer collectors were either donated to larger institutions outside the state, left to an institution within the state that remained small or later disappeared, retained by family members, or destroyed by fire or lost. The development of private and institutional herbaria in the state was extremely quiescent from 1850 until the 1890s, after which Professor William A. Kellerman founded the State Herbarium at The Ohio State University. From specimens contributed largely by volunteers, the herbarium expanded under Professor John H. Schaffner.

OHIO J. SCI. 84 (4): 148-174, 1984

INTRODUCTION physicians, businessmen, educators, an The herbarium, an institution which amateurs of varied interests. These privai houses and maintains dried plant speci- herbaria were the first sources for doci mens, documents the flora of a particular menting the checklists and catalogues < region at any given time and place and plants, or floras, that were being writte serves as a source of primary data for stud- at the local and/or state level. A stat< ies related to morphologic, systematic, supported herbarium was not establishe geographic, and evolutionary botany. until approximately 70 years after Ohi Collecting and preserving plants to make was admitted to the Union in 1803- Tr herbaria began in Ohio in the late 1700s nucleus of this herbarium was organize as personal avocational efforts, first by within the newly-created Ohio Agricu traveling naturalists, then by resident tural and Mechanical College, now Tr Ohio State University, Columbus, founde in 1870. Shortly after his arrival in 189- 'Revised and updated from a presentation at a William Ashbrook Kellerman, the fir: symposium, "The Herbarium Resources of Ohio: Professor of Botany, designated a Stai Present Status and Future Directions," organized for Herbarium that has since served as the m; the Meetings of The Ohio Academy of Science, Col- umbus, Ohio, 24 April 1982. Manuscript received jor source of documentation for the flora < 26 April 1984 and in revised form 14 July 1984 Ohio. The survival of the State Herbariui (#84-19). is provided for bv law. Statute 3335.1 OhioJ. Sci. DEVELOPMENT OF HERBARIA IN OHIO 149 of the Ohio Revised Code states that to make the purchase. He met with the "The board of trustees of the Ohio state directors of the Company at Marietta from university shall secure and keep in the uni- 19 August to 15 October 1788, and al- versity a collection of specimens in ... though not the most favorable season for botany, and other specimens pertaining to botanical investigation, Cutler examined natural history and the sciences. . . . Such and collected plants that were new to him. specimens shall be properly classified and These specimens are thought to be the first kept for the benefit of the university." obtained in Ohio and are believed to be The primary objectives of this paper are part of his personal herbarium which was to trace the early development of herbaria later destroyed by fire (Cutler 1895). in Ohio, prior to the establishment of the Andre Michaux (1746-1802), a French State Herbarium, and to provide a brief botanist, was commissioned in 1785 by the history of the State Herbarium during its French government to study the trees of first 50 years. This account then is essen- North America toward determining their tially a history of botanical exploration by suitability for the construction of naval those individuals who prepared herbaria vessels, and to obtain young plants and and who wrote local catalogues or floras seeds for restoration of the severely de- during the 19th and the first half of the pleted forests of France (Chinard 1957, 20th centuries in Ohio. Deleuze 1804, MacPhail 1981, Michaux 1889, Savage 1970). During the next ROLE OF EXPLORER NATURALISTS 10 years, Michaux established nursery gar- BEFORE 1820 dens at Bergen, New Jersey, and near The earliest collections of vascular Charleston, South Carolina, and explored plants from Ohio were made by explorer the eastern part of the country for plants. naturalists, prominent among them being In August 1793, he traveled by flatboat Manasseh Cutler, Andre Michaux, Francois down the Ohio River from Pittsburgh to Andre Michaux, and Thomas Nuttall. Limestone, now Maysville, Kentucky, and While in Ohio, these naturalists collected from there his travels in the Ohio Valley only a few plants, and at best, their speci- extended into central Kentucky, southern mens were generally small fragments. Indiana, and southern Illinois, as far west Many of their specimens were lost; those as St. Louis. While along the Ohio River that survive are in herbaria outside of he noted in his journal many of the woody Ohio. Most of these document, as type and herbaceous plants he had seen and specimens, species originally described collected. At least 16 of his collections from Ohio. from the Ohio Valley formed the bases for The Reverend Manasseh Cutler (1742- new species described in his Flora Boreali- 1823), a graduate of Yale College, was Americana (1803), the first attempt at a pastor of the church at Ipswich, Massachu- comprehensive flora of eastern North setts, where he resided his entire life America. His specimens from the Ohio (Cutler and Cutler 1888, Lloyd 1903). Valley are now part of the herbarium at the With strong scientific inclinations, he be- Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle in came proficient in astronomy, meteorology, Paris (Uttall 1984). and botany. He collected and observed Frangois Andre Michaux (1770-1855), plants locally and was the first to write for accompanied his father to the United New England An Account of Some of the States in 1785, traveled on several of his Vegetable Productions, Naturally Growing in expeditions, and assisted in the care of this Part of America, Botanically Arranged transplants in the nursery gardens (Chi- (1785). In 1787, the Ohio Company was nard 1957, Durand 1857, MacPhail 1981, organized to purchase land for a Western Savage 1970, Schramm 1957, True 1937). Colony, and Cutler was hired as the Com- In 1790, young Michaux returned to pany's agent to the United States Congress France for a formal education, which in- 150 R. L. STUCKEY Vol. 84 eluded the study of botany at the Museum of his new species from the Ohio River in Paris. He returned to the United States Valley, and at least four additional Ohio in 1801 to report on the condition of the specimens, survive in the herbarium of the nursery gardens and to make a more de- Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel- tailed study of the trees of North America phia, where Nuttall deposited collections for his government. With an eye toward made before 1818 (Stuckey 1966b). those woody species that might enrich the Examination of Nuttall's specimens re- forests of France, Michaux explored the veals the general level of quality of the eastern and midwestern portions of the collections prepared by itinerant natural- country, and traveling by canoe, followed ists of this period. The specimens were his father's route down the Ohio River usually small plant fragments, and by to- in July 1802. He wrote of his travels in day's standards the data on the labels were the Voyage a I'Ouest des Monts Alleghanys extremely cryptic, consisting only of (1804). His major botanical contribution the scientific name of the plant and per- was the Histoire des Arbres Fores tiers de haps a locality, such as "Ohio River" or I'Am'erique Septentrionale (1810-1813), "Marietta." The name of the collector was reissued in a three-volume translation as not usually included, or if it was, it might The North American Sylva (1817-1819). The be indicated by the first letter of the col- younger Michaux's collections are also lector's name, e.g. "P" for Pursh. Later preserved in the herbarium of the Museum curators often added the collector's name, National d'Histoire Naturelle. e.g. "Nutt." for Nuttall. The year of col- Thomas Nuttall (1786-1859), a self- lection was seldom written on the labels, educated English naturalist, came at age although sometimes the month was given. 22 to Philadelphia and was employed by If a specimen was given to another indi- Benjamin Smith Barton (1766-1815), Pro- vidual, the recipient usually recorded the fessor of Materia Medica, Natural History, name of the donor on the label. and Botany in the University of Pennsyl- vania. He explored the northern portions of the continent and collected specimens ROLE OF RESIDENT PIONEER for Barton's contemplated flora of North BOTANISTS MOSTLY BEFORE 1830 America (Graustein 1967, MacPhail 1983, By 1810, permanent residents began to Pennell 1936). Nuttall made two trips into record the flora and to make herbarium Ohio before 1818, the first in the spring of specimens. As with the explorer natural- 1810 when he walked along the south ists, the resident botanists retained their shore of Lake Erie from Erie, Pennsylvania, specimens as private collections. Promi- to Huron, Ohio, and the second in the fall nent among these botanists active before of 1816, when he traveled by boat down the 1830s were Daniel Drake of Cincinnati, the Ohio River from Pittsburgh to Cincin- Samuel Prescott Hildreth of Marietta, and, nati. His botanical observations in Ohio to a lesser extent, Daniel Steinhauer of were recorded in his now classic book The Zanesville and Chillicothe. Genera of North American Plants, and a Daniel Drake (1785-1852), the pioneer Catalogue of the Species to the Year 1817 physician and medical educator of Cincin- (1818), the first comprehensive flora of the nati, organized or founded colleges, hospi- continent written in English and pub- tals, clinics, libraries, and literary, scientific, lished in the United States. Nuttall de- and professional societies (Horine 1961, scribed as new to science four species from Juettner 1909, Mansfield 1855). Born in the Lake Erie shore and 15 from the Ohio New Jersey, Drake's boyhood was spent in River Valley. He lost most of his Ohio Mays Lick, Kentucky. At the age of 15, he specimens from the earlier trip (Stuckey was taken to Cincinnati to study medicine. 1967b). However, specimens for all 15 As a scientist, Drake was most interested OhioJ. Sci. DEVELOPMENT OF HERBARIA IN OHIO 151 in the now largely-forgotten subject of extent and whereabouts, if it still exists, medical topography, which gave him occa- are not known (Stuckey 1969). sion to study such disciplines as geology Samuel Prescott Hildreth (1783-1863), and botany. Throughout his career, Drake long-time practicing physician, legislative successfully promoted the study of botany representative, and esteemed scholar of in the Ohio Valley (Stuckey 1978). He was Marietta, arrived from New England in the first resident of the West to provide 1806 (Southwick 1955, Waller 1944). He information on botany in books that were made mention of medicinal and other published west of the Allegheny Moun- plants occurring in his vicinity in several of tains. In his first book, Notices Concerning his early publications (Hildreth 1809, Cincinnati (1810), he described the phenol- 1812, 1826, 1827). In 1830, he began the ogical progress, or flowering times, of se- serious preparation of a cabinet of natural lected plants observed in the Cincinnati history specimens, which included dried neighborhood during the spring of 1809, plants (Hildreth 1849, 1915, Stimson and he noted the habitat, phenology, and 1863). The entire cabinet of approximately medicinal properties of the columbo root, 4,000 specimens was donated to Marietta Frasera carolinensis. In his second book, College in 1850, but the plants were not Natural and Statistical View, or Picture of cared for and were subsequently destroyed Cincinnati, and the Miami Country. . . by insect pests (Walp 1951). Hildreth ("1816" [1816}), Drake (1) listed the published extensively in the fields of medi- native trees (61 genera and 102 species) cine, geology, conchology, meteorology, growing in the Miami country, (2) re- local history, and biography. He had a viewed the characteristics of two species of wide influence throughout the state, but buckeye, one of which he thought was new his contributions to the development of to science and described under the name botany during the 1830s would have Aesculus maxima (Stuckey 1969), (3) listed been minimal had he not launched John L. 66 plants useful in medicine and the arts, Riddell into the study of the flora of Ohio. noting the medicinal properties of each Hildreth also offered encouragement and plant and the part of the plant to be used, suggestions to Increase A. Lapham in his and (4) provided a floral calender. In 1818, efforts to develop an herbarium as part of Drake became the first individual west of the cabinet of natural history established the Alleghenies to give public lectures on by the Historical and Philosophical Society botany. These lectures were continued by of Ohio, in Columbus. him and others and met with a consid- Daniel Steinhauer (1785-1852), an Eng- erable response. Another of his botanical lishman and Moravian educator, estab- firsts for the Western country was a set of lished and taught private schools for young guidelines for the collection of plants and ladies in Zanesville (1819-1820) and preparation of herbarium specimens by Chillicothe (1820-1822), before relocating medical students. In concluding a review to Philadephia. While in Ohio he collected of the principal reference books on Ameri- plants in the vicinities in which he lived and can botany required by a medical student probably developed his own herbarium. to gain an understanding of that subject, His chief botanical mentor and corre- Drake (1828) urged that the student spondent was the foremost Moravian cler- "should collect and arrange an Herbarium gyman, the Reverend Lewis David von or Hortus Siccus of the plants within his Schweinitz (1780-1834) of Bethlehem, reach, an undertaking of easy and most Pennsylvania. Steinhauer sent Schweinitz progressive accomplishment." He listed specimens from Ohio, at least 50 of which five rules for collecting plants. Evidence have been located in the herbarium of the exists from four contemporary sources that Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel- Drake had his own herbarium, but its phia, where Schweinitz's extensive col- 152 R. L. STUCKEY Vol. 84

lections were deposited following his ietta Advertiser, Riddell (1832b,c) had death. These plants that Steinhauer sent to printed a list of local plants with notes on Schweinitz are believed to be the oldest habitat, abundance, morphology, and me- extant herbarium specimens of Ohio vascu- dicinal properties (Walp 1951). However, lar plants obtained by a resident of the Riddell desired a more stable financial sit- state (Stuckey 1967a). uation and sought a teaching position in a ROLE OF RESIDENT PIONEER medical school, although he did not yet BOTANISTS DURING THE have, but wished for, a medical degree 1830s AND 1840s (Stuckey 1978, Waller 1945). In the fall of 1832 he was appointed Lecturer in Chem- Drake's efforts to promote botany as an istry in the Reformed Medical College at adjunct to the study of medicine came Worthington, Ohio. While there he con- to fruition in his student, John Leonard tinued to collect plants, principally in the Riddell (1807-1867). At age 27, the vicinity of Worthington, in the Darby ambitious, attractive, and socially adept Plains west of Columbus, and along the Riddell came to Cincinnati, became associ- canal south of Columbus. He published a ated with Drake, and obtained a medical Catalogue of Plants, Growing Spontaneously in degree from him (Stuckey 1978, Waller Franklin County, Central Ohio. . . (1834b), 1945). Riddell already had much exposure the first checklist of plants for an Ohio to botany, having graduated in 1829 from county. the Rensselaer School at Troy, New York, where he had studied under the noted sci- Riddell was successful as a teacher in the entific educator, Amos Eaton (1776-1842). Reformed Medical College, but he con- Following graduation, Riddell traveled tinued to seek a position in the "regular" widely in New York, Pennsylvania, and or more recognized medical schools. southern Canada as an itinerant lecturer in Toward that end, he sought Hildreth's chemistry, botany, and geology (Riess assistance in becoming associated with 1977). Upon his arrival in Marietta in the Drake, but initially no help seems to have summer of 1832, he met Samuel P. Hild- come from either physician. Undaunted, reth, who encouraged him to study the Riddell moved to Cincinnati in the spring local flora and to prepare sets of herbarium of 1834, and two days after his arrival, as specimens for sale to subscribers. Riddell noted in his Diary (Vol. 11, p. 27, Tues. (1832a) advertised his wares in a local 18 April 1834): "Called on Dr. Drake and was well received. ..." Drake tendered no newspaper, the American Friend and Marietta offer of a position in a medical school at Gazette, as follows: that time, but he did introduce Riddell I would respectfully give notice, to those who may feel interested, that I shall be engaged the to most of the botanists in Cincinnati. remaining part of the summer, in making bo- Riddell made local botanical excursions tanical investigations in this county. Specimens with them, visited in their homes, exam- of all the native plants, flowers and forest trees, ined their herbaria, and exchanged speci- will be collected and preserved; so that physi- mens. Within a month of his arrival in cians and others wishing for a suit, as a reference to the spontaneous productions, growing in this Cincinnati, he began giving public lec- region of the country, can possess the same by tures on botany, as had Drake 16 years paying one of the following prices. $4,50 for 100 earlier. As advertised, his lectures at the different species. $1,00 being allowed for paper, hall of the Ohio Mechanics Institute were and $3,50 for specimens including the trouble of collecting, preserving, labelling and arranging, "on the methods of forming herbaria, and $6,50 for 150 species, $8,75 for 200 species, on the affinities of plants, illustrated by a $10,75 for 250 species. beautiful exhibition of specimens, taken J. L. RIDDELL, A.B.R.S. mostly from the forest and prairies of MARIETTA JULY 12, 1832 Ohio" (Riddell, Repository, Vol. 6, p. 29, That same summer, in another local 1834). Ladies and gentlemen were invited newspaper, the Western Republican and Mar- to attend. Two months later, Riddell OhioJ. Sci. DEVELOPMENT OF HERBARIA IN OHIO 153

(1834a) published directions for collecting surviving components of his herbarium of and preserving plants. This paper, adapted Ohio plants are now widely dispersed in in part from a similar work (1833) by Pro- this country and abroad (Stuckey 1978). fessor Charles Wilkins Short (1794-1863) Portions of his personal herbarium are at of Transylvania University, listed in con- the United States National Museum and siderable detail the procedures for making Tulane University. Specimens he sent to an herbarium, and included descriptions William Darlington (1782-1863), Charles and uses of needed equipment, directions W. Short, and John Torrey (1796-1873) for collecting, drying, and pressing the were part of their herbaria which are today plants, and instructions for arranging the in the herbaria at West Chester (Pennsyl- dried specimens in the paper, providing vania) University, the Academy of Natural labels with necessary information, ar- Sciences of Philadelphia, and the New ranging specimens in the cabinet, and ex- York Botanical Garden, respectively. Two changing specimens with other collectors small herbaria of Ohio plants made by so as to increase one's knowledge. Riddell Riddell survive in the Lloyd Library, continued active field work, by making Cincinnati (Lloyd and Lloyd 1931), and at plant collections on a trip to the prairies Marietta College. The latter collection was near Dayton in the fall of 1834, and on an recently located in the Public Library at extended excursion from Cincinnati via Marietta (Walp and Ortt 1974). These are Portsmouth, Columbus, Newark, Cos- not the specimens that Hildreth obtained hocton, and Akron, to Cleveland, mostly from Riddell that were later part of the following the Ohio-Erie Canal, in the Hildreth herbarium, since destroyed, at summer of 1835. Riddell's major con- Marietta College (Walp 1951). tribution, Synopsis of the Flora of the Western Cincinnati of the 1830s and the early States ("1834" [1835]), was the first com- 1840s was certainly one of the most active prehensive flora for the region west of the botanical centers in the country. In addi- Allegheny Mountains to St. Louis. It was tion to Drake and Riddell, its botanical followed by his . . . Supplementary Catalogue circle included such businessmen as of Ohio Plants (1836). Thomas Gibson Lea, Joseph Clark, Robert Riddell's achievements were noticed by Buchanan, and George Graham; physi- his fellow Cincinnatians. He continued his cians Isaac Colby, John Eberle, and John public lectures in botany in the spring of Locke; and educators Alexander Kinmont, 1835. In June, he was appointed Adjunct John Locke, Milo G. Williams, and John Professor of Chemistry and Lecturer on Samples. Botany in Drake's newly-created Medical Thomas Gibson Lea (1785-1844), a na- Department of the Cincinnati College. tive of Wilmington, Delaware, came via Riddell also attended classes and received Pittsburgh to Cincinnati in April 1822. his medical degree in the spring of 1836, Following retirement from the mercantile a member of the first graduating class. In business in 1827, he pursued a strong in- the summer of 1836, he studied the botany terest in botany and prepared a creditable and geology of northcentral Ohio for the herbarium of plants collected within 10 newly-organized Geological Survey of miles of Cincinnati (Lea and Lea 1906, Ohio. In the fall of that year, he left Cin- Wilson and Fiske 1888). Lea was one of the cinnati for New Orleans, where he had most careful of workers and included ex- been appointed Professor of Chemistry in tensive information on his labels, includ- the Medical College of Louisiana. There he ing habitats and place names. Following settled permanently and continued to grow his death, his good friend William S. in scientific stature. Sullivant arranged for publication of his Because Riddell collected plants exten- Catalogue of Plants, Native and Naturalized, sively, and exchanged them liberally with Collected in the Vicinity of Cincinnati, Ohio, his friends or sold them to subscribers, the during the Years 1834-1844 (1849), the 154 R. L. STUCKEY Vol. 84

first comprehensive local list of plants serving as first president of both or- published for the region. Lea's herbarium ganizations. His herbarium was deposited passed to his son, James McClyment Lea with the Cincinnati Society of Natural (1827-1895), who in 1870 deposited it in History shortly after its organization in the herbarium of the Academy of Natural 1870 (Graham et al. 1880). Today these Sciences of Philadelphia. A comprehensive collections are part of the herbarium at the study of Lea's herbarium was made by University of Cincinnati. E. Lucy Braun (1934), and provided a George Graham (1798-1881) came to valuable comparison of the flora of Cincin- Cincinnati in 1822 and engaged in numer- nati in the 1830s with that of a century ous business enterprises, including the later. construction of roads, canals, and heavy Joseph Clark (1782-1858), a native of machinery. He was a careful reader, a close Scotland, came to Cincinnati in 1823 and observer, and a critical thinker, who ac- prepared an herbarium of plants of the quired considerable practical and scientific area, which served as the basis for his knowledge. He was active in the organi- Catalogue of Flowering Plants and Ferns zation of the city's scientific societies and a Observed in the Vicinity of Cincinnati (1852), leader in the educational efforts of its published by the Western Academy of schools. His collections of shells, fossils, Natural Sciences. At his death, Clark's and plants, stored in a warehouse, were herbarium passed to a relative and was destroyed by fire, but until his death he later deposited in the Cincinnati Female kept his devoted interest in natural history Seminary. There Rachel L. Bodley (James et al. 1881). (1831-1888), a pioneer among profession- Among the Cincinnati physicians in ally educated women, arranged the speci- Riddell's circle were Isaac Colby, John mens and had printed a Catalogue of Plants Eberle, and John Locke. Isaac Colby Contained in the Herbarium of Joseph Clark, (1792/3-1866), of whom relatively little is Arranged According to the Natural System known, was curator of the herbarium of the (1865). The Catalogue was the first list of Cincinnati Medical Society. He published plants written by a woman in Ohio. Clark's a paper (1834) on the methods of preparing herbarium was lost when the Female Semi- specimens for the Society's herbarium nary was destroyed by fire. and frequently accompanied Riddell on Robert Buchanan (1797-1879), a native field excursions. No later than 1846 he of northwestern Pennsylvania, arrived in left Cincinnati for Concord, New Hamp- Cincinnati in 1823 and became one of the shire (Smith 1893a,b). John Eberle most distinguished members of its busi- (1787-1838), Professor of Practice in the ness community. During leisure time he Medical College of Ohio at Cincinnati, ac- acquired considerable knowledge in the quired in his day an international reputa- horticultural and natural sciences, and pre- tion as a medical educator (Eberle 1924, pared an herbarium of local plants. His Juettner 1909 p. 136-140, Mitchell 1861, manuscript checklists of vascular plants Radbill 1936). In his younger days in observed in the vicinity of Cincinnati were Lancaster, Pennsylvania, he botanized with published by Atwater (1838) and as the Rev. Henry Muhlenberg (1753-1815) "Addenda" to Joseph Clark's Catalogue and amassed an herbarium. Riddell, who (1852). Buchanan facilitated the exchange was particularly critical of the quality of of specimens among the botanists of pressed plants, commented in his Diary Cincinnati and their correspondents (Vol. 11, p. 40, Mon. 14 April 1834) that throughout the Ohio Valley and the coun- Eberle's "plants are badly preserved. He try as a whole. He was a prime mover in came home with me, and looked over some the founding of the Western Academy of of my plants, which he admired much." Natural Sciences in 1835 and of the John Locke (1792-1856), who had aban- Cincinnati Horticultural Society in 1843, doned the practice of medicine before com- OhioJ. Sci. DEVELOPMENT OF HERBARIA IN OHIO 155

ing to Cincinnati, was better known as 1844, Williams was authorized to organize an inventor and as a teacher of botany, the botanical collections of the Western chemistry, and other physical sciences Academy of Natural Sciences, but little (Tucker 1952, Waller 1946, Winchell work was accomplished. He soon moved 1894, Wright 1857). In Cincinnati, he to Dayton, and the organization of the organized a nationally recognized school Academy's botanical collections was left to for young ladies, lectured at the Ohio Joseph Clark. Mechanics Institute, and held the position Two of Williams' close botanical friends of Professor of Chemistry in the Medical from southwestern Ohio were educators College of Ohio. Riddell, in his Diary John Samples and John W. Van Cleve. (Vol. 11, p. 44, Wed. 16 April 1834), Samples (d. 1842) taught in a private commented that the plants in Locke's her- school in Urbana in the early 1830s and in barium were "rather neatly preserved." a common school in Cincinnati from 1838 Any surviving remnants of the herbaria to 1839- He prepared an extensive herbar- originally assembled by these three indi- ium of over 700 species, principally from viduals are not known. Although Eberle Champaign County (Stuckey 1966a), (1818) and Locke (1819) each published a which came into the possession of Adams small book explaining botanical terms to Jewett (1807-1875), a physician of Day- students, neither prepared a catalogue or ton. Following his death, his son, Henry local flora. In Locke's book, four pages are Smith Jewett (1846-1929), presented the devoted to instruction for making an herbarium of some 2,500 specimens to the herbarium. University of Michigan, where it survives Among the educators in Riddell's circle today. At Dayton, civic leader and some- was Alexander Kinmont (1799-1838), a time mayor John Whitten Van Cleve native of Scotland, who came to Cincinnati (1801-1858) was associated with Williams in 1826 and conducted an academy which in teaching at the Dayton Academy. stressed the classics, mathematics, and He developed an extensive herbarium of freedom from discipline (Coyle 1962). He plants from that community, about 200 of frequently botanized with Riddell, but which survive. These were given to the nothing is known of his collection of Cooper Female Seminary in Dayton, and plants. It is doubtful that Riddell had a later passed to William B. Werthner botanical acquaintance with Milo G. (1855-1929), a well-known teacher of Williams or John Samples, both of whom botany in the Dayton Central High School, taught briefly in schools in Cincinnati. who presented them to the Museum of the Williams (1804-1880), born and educated Dayton Public Library, now the Dayton in Cincinnati, conducted private schools Museum of Natural History (Morse there and in Dayton, was principal of the 1967a,b). high school in Springfield, and founded In central Ohio, in the communities of Urbana University (now Urbana College). Worthington, Columbus, and Frank- Although he did not accept the formal title linton, another center of botanical study of president, he was the institution's first developed during the 1830s and continued chief executive, and served as professor of into the 1840s. The Reformed Medical science, dean of the faculty, president, and College, established in 1830 in Worthing- later secretary of the Board of Trustees ton, was organized on the "eclectic" plan (Murdoch 1945). Williams' herbarium, of practice, which stressed the use of less assembled from the neighborhoods of toxic remedies and the extensive use of Cincinnati, Dayton, Springfield, and native plants (Felter 1902, 1903, Stuckey Urbana, reportedly consisted of several 1978). Although initially successful, the thousand sheets (Johnson 1930, Schaffner College met with various difficulties and 1931), many of which survive at Urbana was forced to close in 1839- During its College. While in Cincinnati from 1840 to existence, the Medical Department offered 156 R. L. STUCKEY Vol. 84 a viable instructional program in materia through development and expansion of a medica and botany. Among its lecturers in number of the business enterprises of his these disciplines were Drs. Ichabod Gibson late father, and now devoted his leisure Jones (1807-1857), John Leonard Riddell, time to science (Meyer 1983, Rodgers and Jonathon Roberts Paddock (1803-1878). 1940). He undertook the study of flower- In 1834, Jones left Worthington to estab- ing plants, particularly the grasses and lish a private practice in Columbus and sedges of central Ohio, and began traveling Riddell went to Cincinnati. Jones is to various parts of the state to obtain speci- supposed to have written botanical papers mens for his herbarium. These efforts re- and prepared a "complete and beautiful sulted in a published Catalogue of the herbarium" of the plants of central Ohio Plants, Native or Naturalized, in the Vicinity (Loving 1904, 1912). Following his death, of Columbus, Ohio (1840), and an extensive Jones' herbarium, consisting of grasses, exchange of specimens with botanists flowering shrubs, and other plants indige- throughout the country. With his second nous to the region, went eventually to his wife, Eliza Griscom Wheeler Sullivant daughter, Emma (1848-1939). Miss Jones' (1817-1850), of New York City, whom he estate has yet to be traced, and no further married in 1834, Sullivant engaged in a information on this herbarium has become thorough study of North American mosses available. and liverworts which continued as a labor Following the close of the Worthington of love until her death. Following a third college, Paddock moved to Maysville, marriage, Sullivant pursued his scientific Kentucky, and practiced privately until his studies to the extent that he achieved a death. He has been described by a contem- reputation as the world's foremost North porary as a skillful physician, classical American bryologist. scholar, and splendid botanist able "to In the early years of his studies with name all the plants and trees of the state flowering plants, Sullivant encircled him- by sight" (Felter 1902 p. 89-90, 1903). self with the physician-botanists of central He published no catalogues or floras, but Ohio. Among these associates were did engage in correspondence with John Drs. Jones and Paddock of Franklin Torrey, to whom he sent a few herbarium County, and Drs. John Milton Bigelow specimens which survive at the New York (1804-1878) of Lancaster and Asa Horr Botanical Garden. Between 1837 and (1817-1896) of Baltimore, both in Fair- 1839, Paddock assembled an herbarium of field County. In collaboration with Horr, central Ohio plants which was purchased Bigelow published a Florula Lancastriensis in 1919 by the University of Illinois (1841), and later Bigelow (1849) prepared (Anonymous 1920, Stuckey 1978). a list of medicinal plants of Ohio for the In Franklinton, Joseph Sullivant Fairfield County Medical Institute.These (1809-1882), youngest son of Lucas Sul- two gentlemen assembled large private livant (1765-1823), who had founded the herbaria, but each left the state, Bigelow towns of Franklinton and Columbus, was to go to Detroit, Michigan, in I860 devoted to art, literature, science, and edu- (Waller 1942), and Horr to go to Galena, cation but was particularly interested in Illinois, in 1846, and then the next year to the study of natural history (Sullivant settle permanently in Dubuque, Iowa 1874). By the mid-1830s Joseph had as- (Crosby 1915). Bigelow's herbarium is not sembled a cabinet of natural history speci- known to exist, and Horr's herbarium, mens, which included an herbarium containing his plants from Ohio, was left (Curtis 1839, Sullivant 1874). He also to Iowa State University in Ames (Stuckey encouraged his eldest brother, William 1978). Sullivant's entire phanerogamic Starling Sullivant (1803-1873), to study herbarium of 10,000 specimens, repre- natural history. By the mid-1830s, Will- senting 600 species, was sent in 1868 iam had accumulated considerable wealth to Professor Asa Gray (1810-1888) of OhioJ. Sci. DEVELOPMENT OF HERBARIA IN OHIO 157

Cambridge, Massachusetts, where it later newly-organized scientific, medical, and became a part of the Gray Herbarium of philosophical societies, but these early at- Harvard University. About 390 species of tempts were failures in the sense that none Sullivant's phanerogams remain intact as a of them has survived. The earliest of these single unit in the herbarium of The Ohio societies were the Western Museum Soci- State University. These specimens, all ety (1818), the Cincinnati Medical Society labeled with the year 1840, were acquired (1831), and the Western Academy of from the Department of Horticulture, to Natural Sciences (1835), all of Cincinnati, which they had been donated by Joseph the undisputed center of economic and Sullivant, who was instrumental in the cultural activity in the Ohio Valley of founding of the University (Meyer 1983, the 19th century. The Historical and Stuckey and Wentz 1974). Philosophical Society of Ohio, founded in Columbus in 1831, later relocated to Cin- cinnati and merged with the Cincinnati BEGINNINGS OF INSTITUTIONAL Historical Society, under which name it HERBARIA IN AMERICA survives today, but without the herbarium Shortly after the deaths of Henry Muh- envisioned by its original members. lenberg (1753-1815) and Benjamin Smith Barton (1766-1815), their private herbaria THE WESTERN MUSEUM SOCIETY were acquired by the American Philo- sophical Society of Philadelphia. However, The Western Museum Society, founded these acquisitions were scarcely noticed in Cincinnati in the spring of 1818 by and were in no realistic sense activities of Daniel Drake and his associates, was the the Society. Meisel (1924 p. 20-21) listed first organization of its type west of the several early scientific societies and institu- Allegheny Mountains (Drake 1820, Slack tions which housed institutional herbaria. et al. 1818). The Society was committed According to Gordon (1952), only four to the idea of extending knowledge of such herbaria existed in the United States the natural world, and announced plans before 1830. Shetler (1969 Table 8) gave for a library and for scientific collections dates for a few small institutional herbaria in natural history, mineralogy, geology, founded before 1800 and identified 10 and anthropology. Collections were to such North American herbaria founded come from all parts of the United States, before 1830. Of those 10, the herbarium but special emphasis was placed on those of the Academy of Natural Sciences of from the Ohio Valley. Arrangements were Philadelphia, begun in 1812, is now the made to house the collections at the largest and most prestigious, having Cincinnati College. A staff was appointed received the individual herbaria of the to supervise the operations, and included American Philosophical Society on perma- curator Robert Best (1790-1830), a young nent loan in 1897 (Pennell 1950). These assistant in chemistry and physics at early institutional herbaria received plants the Cincinnati College, and John James primarily as gifts, often from the estates Audubon (1785-1851), as Best's assistant. of deceased collectors. The most publicized Prominent scientists in the East were example of a private herbarium that went elected to corresponding memberships. to an institution is that of Zaccheus Collins A course of public lectures provided the (1764-1831) of Philadelphia (Stuckey 1971). West with its first formal scientific train- The early institutional herbaria were poor ing outside of the medical schools. financially, often did not have regular or The Museum was formally opened to appointed curators, and functioned largely the public on 10 June 1820 with Drake as storage places for the collections. (1820) presenting a discourse which out- During the pioneer period in the Ohio lined the Society's scientific hopes and Valley, herbaria were formed within potential benefits to the public. Concern- 158 R. L. STUCKEY Vol. 84

ing the development of the collections in failed to materialize, but in 1835, those natural history, and especially botany, Cincinnatians who were scientifically in- Drake said: clined again came together to organize a new academy. As an Herbarium is contemplated among the future acquisitions of the Society, and as the Managers are desirous of promoting the intro- THE WESTERN ACADEMY OF duction and cultivation of exotic plants, they NATURAL SCIENCES will be pleased to receive any valuable seeds The Western Academy of Natural Sci- and roots of other countries, and will, in return, transmit such of our indigenous vegetable pro- ences of Cincinnati had its inception at ductions as may be requested. a meeting of 21 "friends of science" in the hall of the Cincinnati Medical Society, To foster the cause, Drake contributed to 25 April 1835 (Foote 1855, Hendrickson the Society his own "cabinet of minerals, 1947, Shapiro 1976). Again, Drake was organic remains, fossil bones, and Western at the forefront in the organizational ef- antiquities" (Drake and Mansfield 1827 forts, lending his presence and prestige, p. 45). This cabinet may have included stating the objectives of the organization, Drake's personal herbarium. By 1823, and seconding the resolution offered by the Society possessed 325 botanical speci- James Hall (1793-1868). As recorded in mens. At that time, the Society went into the minutes (W.A.N.S. 1835-1840), the debt as an economic depression came to primary objective was: "... to form a Cincinnati. Personal problems and public Society for the promotion of Natural His- controversies resulted in the loss of Drake's tory; to be composed of such naturalists leadership, as he left the city to teach at and friends of Natural Science as may be Transylvania University for the next four disposed to devote themselves to the years (Hendrickson 1946). The Society's preservation & collection of facts and possessions were offered at auction, but specimens in the various branches of this there were no buyers. Consequently, the department of knowledge." possesions were placed in the care of Joseph Robert Buchanan, prominent business- Dorfeuille (1791-1840), a Frenchman who man with an avocation for natural history, had arrived in Cincinnati about 1820 chaired the initial meeting and then be- (Kellogg 1945 p. 3-5, 23). Dorfeuille came first president of the organization. turned the enterprise into a public mu- Buchanan's prestige as a promoter and seum, which became less scientific as time leader of cultural activities, especially passed. In 1839, he sold part of the con- those that were scientific, along with his tents to a group of Cincinnatians who, financial support, allowed the organiza- under various ownerships, were able to tion to survive. He was continued as maintain the museum as a public facility president through 1838. The organization until 1867. Dorfeuille left Cincinnati with held frequent meetings, and members part of the collections and opened a short- read scientific papers, held discussions lived museum in New York City (Tucker concerning nomenclature and classifica- 1967). The fate of the scientific collection of organisms, elected corresponding tions of the original Western Museum members, and received donations of speci- Society remains unknown. Meisel (1926 mens. Among the officers elected were a p. 391) wrote that the collections were librarian and curators. At some time dur- incorporated into those of the Western ing its existence, the following served as Academy of Natural Sciences, but docu- curators of botanical collections: Bucha- mentation for this statement is lacking, nan, Joseph Clark, John Locke, John L. as no mention of such a transfer appears Riddell, John A. Warder, and Milo G. in the minutes of the Academy's meet- Williams. During the first year, Riddell ings. Drake's dream of the Society as the also served as librarian. He also reported focal point for western scientific activity on the geology and wet prairies of Ohio, OhioJ. Sci. DEVELOPMENT OF HERBARIA IN OHIO 159 read descriptions of plants, and exhibited some of its members were prominent busi- dried specimens. Locke lectured on the nessmen, they did not see to it that the best methods for the preparation and Academy was placed on a sound financial preservation of botanical specimens. Ac- basis. By the 1850s, as movements began cording to the minutes, his remarks were: in the United States for the establishment "... principally confined to the selection of public museums and popular scientific of plants, the structure of a press, the pro- education, the Academy was no longer in cess of drying, and the arrangement of an a position to provide leadership; conse- herbarium. He exhibited to the Society quently it merely faded away. The min- specimens of the whole, at various periods utes of the Academy's meetings ended in which were highly credible to the lecturer, April 1854, but the library and cabinet of both as to taste and mechanical execution." natural history were maintained intact, Of this meeting, Riddell wrote in his although they were unavailable to the Diary (Vol. 13, p. 7, Wed. 3 June 1835): public until 1870, when they were given "Dr. Locke several times in the course to the new Cincinnati Society of Natural of his paper, made creditable mention of History, to form the basis of its collections. myself." Later, Locke (1836) published a drawing and description of his plant THE CINCINNATI SOCIETY press, which he considered to be an im- OF NATURAL HISTORY provement on the one earlier figured and The Cincinnati Society of Natural His- described by Riddell (1834a). tory, organized with 25 members on 19 During the existence of the organiza- January 1870 as a free public educational tion, donations of plants for an herbarium institution, conducted scientific explora- were received from several of its mem- tions and investigations, received collec- bers, including Buchanan, Clark, Drake, tions, and provided lectures on scientific Warder, and Williams. The specimens subjects to the public (Anonymous 1878, presented by Drake were not part of his Shotwell 1902). John Aston Warder (1812- own herbarium but rather were speci- 1883), retired physician and accomplished mens received on exchange from John botanist, horticulturist, and forest con- Stevens Henslow (1796-1861), Regius servationist, served as president for the Professor of Botany at Cambridge Univer- first five years. The six surviving members sity in England, but better remembered of the old Western Academy were elected as Charles Darwin's teacher (Russell- to life memberships. Among them was Gebbett 1977, Stuckey 1969). By 1841, Buchanan, who donated his personal the herbarium contained 2,000 pressed herbarium to the Society (Graham et al. plants (Cist 1941 p. 109). 1880, Hendrickson 1947). By 1883, the On occasion, the Academy undertook Society's herbarium totaled 3,300 species publication of works prepared by its mem- (James 1883). The curators of botany and bers. The only published botanical paper years of their service are listed in table 1. was a Catalogue of Flowering Plants and Its herbarium was acquired by Curtis Ferns Observed in the Vicinity of Cincinnati Gates Lloyd (1859-1926), who made it a (Clark 1852), a 30-page booklet with a list part of the scientific collections of the of 368 genera and 686 species, without Lloyd Library of Cincinnati. In 1940, the descriptions or locations. An "Addenda" Lloyd Herbarium of flowering plants, of 95 species was furnished by Robert comprised of over 29,000 sheets, was sent Buchanan. on long-term loan to the herbarium of The Academy was an organization of a the Department of Botany of the Univer- few devoted members who had a special sity of Cincinnati (Simons 1972). Today, interest in a narrow aspect of natural his- the Society maintains a very active public tory, primarily in the collection, naming, museum of natural history, the Cincinnati and classification of organisms. Although Museum of Natural History. 160 R. L. STUCKEY Vol. 84

TABLE 1 If any persons should have plants whose names Curators of Botany and Years of Service (1870-1906) in they are unable to fully make out, and should the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, compiled from be disposed to send their duplicate specimens, data in the Journal of the Cincinnati Society of numbered, to the Herbarium, accompanied Natural History, Volumes 1-21, 1878-1910. with such remarks respecting the habits of the plants as may occur, the Curatior [sic] will take great pleasure in examining them and will, if in Curator Years his power, return the names attached to the numbers, to those who sent them. Horatio Wood 1870-71 The herbarium of the Cincinnati Medi- William Owens 1871-72 MissM.J. Pyle 1872-73 cal Society was a co-operative enterprise, John Hussey 1873-74 and may represent the best example of an Paul Mohr, Jr. 1874-76 early effort to form a truly institutional Davis L. James 1876-80,1891-95 herbarium. Of the other botanists in Cin- Curtis G. Lloyd 1880-81, 1895-97 Oliver D. Norton 1881-84, 1888-89 cinnati, only John L. Riddell seems to have Miss Sarah C. Stubbs 1884-85 participated; he was elected mineralogist (Became Mrs. Joseph F. in 1835 (Drake 1835) and treasurer in James, 1884) 1836 (Wood 1836). The whereabouts of Miss Nettie Fillmore 1885-87, 1889 the Society's herbarium, if it should still Miss Anna M. Brown 1887-88 Joseph F. James 1888 exist, is not known. The members of the Charles L. Herrick 1889-90 Society must have worked diligently dur- Walter H. Aiken 1897-1906 ing its short life. Accomplishments were many, as shown by the publications of its THE CINCINNATI MEDICAL members in the western medical journals, SOCIETY its preparation of an herbarium of medicinal plants, its assemblage of a cabinet The Cincinnati Medical Society was of pharmacy, and its development of a founded 4 March 1831, principally as a working reference library. The organi- forum for the exchange and dissemina- zation of the Medical Department of the tion of ideas, but also as a social gathering Cincinnati College by Daniel Drake in (Drake 1833, Juettner 1909 p. 439-440). 1835 infused the members with new Throughout most of the year, regular enthusiasm, but the struggle between Wednesday evening meetings were held, Drake's department and the rival Medical at which time it was customary for a member to read a paper on any medical College of Ohio soon involved and drained subject and to defend it in discussion. In the Society, and it was abandoned about 1833, the organization gained stature 1838 (Juettner 1909 p. 439-440). when it obtained a charter from the Ohio THE HISTORICAL AND Legislature. An effort was made to develop PHILOSOPHICAL an herbarium, a cabinet of pharmacy, and SOCIETY OF OHIO a library. The herbarium focused on Organized for the purpose of promoting medicinal plants and was under the cura- the study of the state's civil, political, and torship of Isaac Colby (1834), who natural history, the Historical and Philo- described proper procedures for preparing sophical Society of Ohio was incorporated herbarium specimens and recommended by the Ohio General Assembly 11 February books for the study of plants. He gratefully 1831 and held its first meeting in Co- acknowledged those anonymous persons lumbus on 21 December 1831 (Foote who had already donated dried specimens 1855, Hall 1956, Shepherd 1945). Earlier, for his new herbarium, and he sought vol- on 12 February 1822, the State Legisla- untary contributors who would continue ture had incorporated a Historical Society to add to it. This herbarium offered to its of Ohio, but it soon failed. The new Soci- donors a service not offered by previous ety had the support of prominent indi- institutional herbaria. Colby explained: viduals throughout the state, including OhioJ. Sci. DEVELOPMENT OF HERBARIA IN OHIO 161

the first president, Benjamin Tappan, Jr. As noted to his brother Darius in a letter (1773-1857) of Steubenville, a knowledge- of 18 May 1834, Lapham also had access able jurist who became well known for to an herbarium of about 450 plants col- his literary achievements and his work lected at Worthington by John L. Riddell in natural history (Dexter 1971). Meet- in 1833. Lapham expected that Riddell's ings were held only once a year, in Decem- collection would become a part of the ber, in Columbus. To further the study Society's herbarium, but no known evi- of natural history, the Society established dence exists that it ever came to the a cabinet, and those initially designated Society. Riddell had left central Ohio in as curators were Gustavus Swan of Co- April 1834, but he had an interest in the lumbus, Samuel P. Hildreth of Marietta, Society. As stated in his Diary (Vol. 9, Edward King of Chillicothe and later Cin- p. 148, 1833), Riddell intended to donate cinnati, B. G. Leonard of Chillicothe, and a labeled collection of minerals to the Jared P. Kirtland of Poland. Later, Joseph Society. Riddell was elected a member Sullivant of Franklinton, also an original of the Society at the December 1834 incorporator, served as a curator. meeting, and he examined the Society's The development of an herbarium as herbarium when he visited Lapham in Co- part of the cabinet of natural history re- lumbus during July 1835. At that time, as sulted chiefly from the efforts of Increase noted in his Diary (Vol. 13, p. 39, Fri. 3 Allen Lapham (1811-1875), who at age 22 July 1835), Riddell promised to add speci- had been appointed Secretary of the State mens to the Society's herbarium. At the Board of Canal Commissioners (Lapham meeting in December 1835, a committee 1811-1875 p. 223, Randall 1909). He ar- was appointed to prepare a catalogue of rived in Columbus from Portsmouth in the the animals, plants, and minerals of the spring of 1833, and was elected a member state of Ohio, with a report expected at and curator of the Society in December. the meeting a year later (Dorfeuille 1835). The following December, he was elected Among the 9 members appointed, the treasurer, and consequently became the following had strong interests in botany: chief officer to whom specimens for the Lapham of Columbus, Buchanan and Rid- cabinet were sent. Hildreth, in a letter of dell of Cincinnati, Hildreth of Marietta, 3 June 1834, encouraged Lapham "to Kirtland of Poland, and Joseph Sullivant of make full collections of the indigenous Franklinton. Evidence is lacking that this plants found in the prairies not only for committee prepared any report on plants. yourself but also for the Phil. & Hist. Soc." By 1838, interest and participation in During the summer of 1834, Lapham and the Historical and Philosophical Society Joseph Sullivant collected a great number became difficult to sustain, and little ac- of indigenous plants for the Society's her- tivity occurred for several years. In 1849, barium, as Lapham informed Hildreth in a the meeting place was changed from Co- letter of 20 September 1834. Lapham also lumbus to Cincinnati, and at that time the sent Hildreth a manuscript catalogue of Society merged with the Cincinnati His- Ohio plants, prepared from his own obser- torical Society, which had been formed in vations and from the writings of others. He 1844. The organization continued opera- asked for information on forming a cabi- tion under the name of the Historical and net, with particular concern for arrange- Philosophical Society of Ohio until 1963, ment of specimens, the most suitable when it again became the Cincinnati His- cases, and the best method of labeling the torical Society, by which name it is known specimens. In his reply of 1 October 1834, today. The fate of the Society's cabinet Hildreth expressed happiness at learning of of natural history, which included the her- the deep interest Lapham was taking in the barium developed principally by Increase establishment of a state cabinet, and he A. Lapham and Joseph Sullivant, has not included suggestions for its preparation. been learned. 162 R. L. STUCKEY Vol. 84

THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Department of Botany and Zoology. His OF OHIO work involved a description, and the com- pletion of catalogues, of all living organic In the mid-1830s, a Geological Survey matter of the State." In his report, Kirt- of Ohio was contemplated by the State land (1838a) described the scope of his Legislature, and encouraged by prominent assignment with the Survey: and geologically knowledgeable individuals in the state. Lapham, who apparently It is designed to make out as full and perfect had gained stature by virtue of his botani- catalogues as possible of all our Animals, . . . and cal studies for the Historical and Philo- all of our vegetables; arranging them according sophical Society of Ohio, used his influence to their classes, families, orders, genera and species; giving each both its scientific and common with the legislature to promote the estab- name, and at the same time noting any peculiar lishment of the survey. In writing to the or important character it may possess. Honorable J. M. Creed in December 1835, Also, to collect and prepare specimens of the Lapham presented a prospectus and stated various species, as far as practicable, for the use that it would require four years to com- of the State. If suitable means be taken, after- wards, to preserve them, they will compose a plete the survey work. He noted that one standard Cabinet, to which all classes of citizens botanist would be necessary, at a salary of can resort, either for amusement, or for the more $1,000 per annum, who "should be profitable pursuit of acquiring a knowledge of directed to make a collection of all the the Natural History of this section of the country. And although it cannot be expected that one species of plants ... of the state as far individual will be able to make out a perfect as practicable and deposit them with the collection, during the time that will probably be other specimens at Columbus. Concise allowed for completing the Geological Survey; descriptions of each should be drawn up yet it may be made so extensive so to form the basis or nucleus, to which additions will be con- and an account of the uses of each given." stantly made, by the labors of naturalists, who Lapham's plan would have established a will be stimulated to exertion by the collection State Herbarium, either as part of the Geo- already formed. logical Survey or as a part of the cabinet of natural history of the Historical and Philo- Kirtland wrote several letters to Hil- sophical Society. In March 1836, the Ohio dreth wherein he discussed his work with Legislature appointed S. P. Hildreth, the Geological Survey (5 August 1837, 19 J. Locke, J. L. Riddell, and LA. Lapham a April 1838, 24 August 1838, 27 Novem- committee "to report to the next Legis- ber 1838). Upon learning that the State lature the best method of obtaining a Legislature would not continue funding complete Geological Survey of the State" for the Survey, Kirtland told Hildreth (Stoddard 1928). The committee recom- that he planned to complete his "cata- mended the appointment of one naturalist, logues of Mammalia, Birds, Reptiles, & and stated that "The Survey . . . ought not Fish & Shells, and then resign — my list only to embrace the simple geology, but of ... Insects and Plants I shall leave also the topography, botany, as far as to without attempting to furnish a list or include a list of trie plants in the State, collection" (19 April 1838). Later (24 Au- forest trees . . ."(Hildreth 1836). In March gust 1838), he noted to Hildreth: "If the 1837, upon acceptance of the separate State wishes to have these branches of reports of Hildreth (1836), Riddell (1837), the Natl. History settled it will be the and Lapham (1837), the first Geological business of another contract, as my present Survey of Ohio was authorized for the years connections with the Board will cease this 1837-1838. The results of the Survey were Season by my resignation." Kirtland reported by William W. Mather et al. (1838b) did complete his catalogue of (1838). Jared P. Kirtland, then associated animals, as projected in the letter to Hil- with the Medical College of Ohio in Cin- dreth, but no plant catalogue was written. cinnati, was appointed second assistant As stated in his report, Kirtland (1838a) and "directed to take charge of the intended to place his collections in Co- OhioJ. Sci. DEVELOPMENT OF HERBARIA IN OHIO 163 lumbus, but whether any plants were ... a correspondence was commenced with every person who was engaged in collecting transferred is not known. In March 1838, plants throughout the State. We received quite as part of the concluding work of the Sur- a number of manuscript catalogues of limited vey, the legislature ordered that all col- localities, which we utilized. In the State Library lections be deposited with the Historical we found a catalogue of the plants of Franklin and Philosophical Society of Ohio (Stod- County, by W. S. Sullivant. In 1859, I met Dr. Bigelow, of Fairfield county, at the State Fair dard 1928). at Zanesville, and he gave me a printed cata- Lapham, with his interest in the devel- logue of the plants of Fairfield county. I obtained opment of the herbarium for the Historical from Robt. Clarke (bookseller) a catalogue of the and Philosophical Society, and Riddell, plants of Hamilton county, by Joseph Clarke [sic], and another of the same by Thomas G. Lee with his extensive botanical knowledge of [sic]. My friends Messrs. J. P. Kirtland and the state and his publication of the Synopsis J. S. Newberry, furnished printed catalogues of ("1834" [1835}) and the Supplementary the plants of Summit[,] Cuyahoga, and Lorain Catalogue (1836), were undoubtedly highly counties. qualified to prepare a plant catalogue for In addition to these manuscripts and printed catalogues, the very extensive herbarium pre- the Geological Survey, but both of them pared by Dr. Howard, formerly of Elyria, was left Ohio in 1836, with Lapham moving on deposit in the State Agricultural Rooms, and to Milwaukee in June, and Riddell to thoroughly utilized to confirm printed or manu- New Orleans in October. Three years later, script catalogues. Mr. E.J. Ferris, of Madison, Riddell published a Monograph of the Lig- Lake county, made a collection of the plants of that region, which he kindly gave for reference neous Plants Indigenous to Ohio (1839), the and study, and which proved of valuable service first annotated list of woody plants for in the compilation. the state. Nothing is known of the "printed" northern Ohio catalogues. Young New- PREPARATION OF HERBARIA AND berry (1844) made a manuscript list of FLORAS BETWEEN 1850 AND 1890 the plants of Summit County. The title The development of private and insti- page of this manuscript, which is now tutional herbaria in Ohio was relatively in the library of the New York Botanical quiescent from 1850 to 1890. The Geo- Garden, is in Klippart's handwriting. No logical Survey of the 1830s had failed to further information has been learned of publish a catalogue of the state's flora, Ferris. Richard Lee Howard (1809-1854) and its collections had since been lost to came from Massachusetts to Portage scientific study. County about 1831 and from there to In early December 1856, John Hancock Elyria about 1836. In 1844, he moved Klippart (1823-1878), then of Cleveland, to Columbus, where he was associated sought and won election to the office of with the old Starling Medical College corresponding secretary of the Ohio State and where he edited the Ohio State Medical Board of Agriculture, in which he con- Journal from 1849 to 1853 (Handerson tinued until his death (Barnett 1928, Cun- 1912). Klippart and Bolander labored ningham 1952). Early in 1857 he came jointly until I860, when for reasons of to Columbus to assume his new office. failing health, Bolander repaired first to He soon "conceived the idea of compiling his native Germany ancl then with success and publishing a catalogue of the 'plants to San Francisco (Jepson 1898). Those her- of Ohio'," and by the end of that year he barium specimens in Klippart's State and Henry Nicholas Bolander (1831-1897) Agricultural Rooms were destroyed by a began "a botanical survey of Franklin, fire in 1872 (Klippart 1878). Madison, Fairfield, Licking, and Delaware In the 1850s, young John Strong New- coun[ties}" (Klippart 1878). Herbarium berry (1822-1892), who later distinguished specimens were collected and prepared himself as a geologist, paleontologist, and chiefly by Bolander (Klippart I860). paleobotanist of North America, prepared Meanwhile, according to Klippart (1878), a list of the plants of the state as part of a 164 R. L. STUCKEY Vol. 84 report to the Medical Society of Ohio. The plant catalogue is quoted and praised, and I am list was eventually published under the ti- denied any credit or merit whatever — not by Mr. Newberry; he has, on all occasions since tle Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and the publication, always accorded to me all the Ferns of Ohio (Newberry I860), as part of credit that I felt I merited — but by those who Klippart's Fourteenth Annual Report of the know the history of the compilation, I feel that Ohio State Board of Agriculture . . . for the longer silence on my part would result in injus- Year 1859 (I860), and is usually consid- tice to myself. ered the first state plant catalogue. The scientific and common names and no- In the fall of 1873, Henry C. Beardslee, tations of the general area of the state (e.g., Sr. (1807-1884), of Painesville, prepared a northern, southern, or specific county) in second state plant catalogue, for publica- which the species could be located were tion in the final report of the Second given for 1,394 taxa. The Catalogue was Geological Survey of Ohio. Because of fi- not based entirely on herbarium speci- nancial difficulties, the Survey was discon- mens, but was compiled from previously tinued that same fall. Beardslee published published local checklists and from the a condensation of the work, entitled Cata- author's own manuscript catalogues of logue of the Plants of Ohio, including Flowering plants for Summit and Cuyahoga counties. Plants, Ferns, Mosses and Liverworts (1874), Many years later, Klippart (1878) and four years later, Klippart reprinted it claimed to have played a crucial role in in the . . . Annual Report of the Ohio State compiling Newberry's Catalogue. Board of Agriculture . . . for the Year 1877. This Catalogue of 1,988 taxa gave the sci- {Bolander and my} catalogue of the plants of entific names of the plants, along with Ohio . . . was the first attempt of which I have localities generalized after the manner of any knowledge of making a catalogue embracing Newberry's Catalogue. Beardslee's work the plants of the entire State. . . . After we had was based on his own herbarium speci- completed the catalogue, we employed Miss Mary Short (known as "Cultivator Mary") to mens, which eventually were deposited in make a neat and clean manuscript copy for the the herbarium of Oberlin College, and on printer. When this was completed I showed it to catalogues listing plants from Ohio. my friend, Prof. John S. Newberry, who had A Supplement to Beardslee's Catalogue many kind words of commendation to give me for the labor and care bestowed on it, and con- was published by William R. Lazenby cluded by saying that he would be glad to take and William C. Werner (1890) of the it along home, examine it carefully, as it was the Department of Botany and Horticulture first attempt at a State catalogue, it was too at The Ohio State University. Their list important a work to put to press without rigid examination. I not only gave him "Mary's" copy, was based on specimens in the herbarium but gave him, at the same time, all the printed at the University. catalogues I had collected, and asked him to During the period from 1850 to 1890 write some appropriate prefatory remarks, to be a few other local floras were prepared published with the catalogue in the Agricultural Report for 1859. ... which were documented by herbarium specimens. Among these were the cata- He never returned "Mary's" catalogue, but sent me, as he wrote me, the catalogue revised by logues prepared by Joseph F. James re-writing the entire catalogue himself, making (1857-1897) for the vicinity of Cincinnati, some changes in specific names, and some other by Andrew P. Morgan (1836-1907) for the changes so as to comport with the latest knowl- Miami Valley, and by Albert A. Wright edge on the subject. (1846-1905) for Lorain County. James' I have deemed this statement necessary in order to vindicate "truth of history." I do not feel Catalogue (1879) was based primarily on that I am entitled to any greater credit for com- his own specimens, which were subse- piling a catalogue of the plants of Ohio from quently purchased by The Ohio State Uni- herbariums and printed catalogues than I am versity, whereas Wright's Catalogue (1889) for compiling a catalogue or list of drain-tile establishments in the State, together with the was based on specimens deposited by him number of rods of tile made, etc., etc., from and others in the Oberlin College Her- original manuscript circulars; but when the barium, where they remain today. Mor- OhioJ. Sci. DEVELOPMENT OF HERBARIA IN OHIO 165 gan's Flora (1878) was compiled from fessor of Agriculture, and began to as- his own field observations, and may not semble specimens in the biological sci- have been documented with herbarium ences. As early as 1875 the minutes of the specimens. Board of Trustees mentioned the existence Two excellent local floras were prepared of an herbarium associated with the teach- in the next decade by Herbert Lyons Jones ing of botany (Meyer 1983). In the Depart- (1866-1898) for Licking County, and by ment of Botany and Horticulture, founded Edwin Lincoln Moseley (1865-1948) for in 1881 as part of the School of Agri- Erie County, the peninsula of Ottawa culture, a small collection of dried plants County, and the islands in western Lake was developed from contributions by Erie. Jones' annotated Catalogue (1892) is Townshend, Department Chairman documented with specimens deposited in William Rane Lazenby (1850-1916), and the herbaria of Denison University and Lazenby's assistants William C. Werner Oberlin College. Moseley's annotated (1851-1935) and Moses Craig (1864- Catalogue (1899), one of the finest ever 1913). Reference to this early University assembled in the state, was thoroughly Herbarium was made by Augustine D. documented with specimens which he Selby (1859-1924) and Craig in A Pre- placed in the high school museum that he liminary List of the Plants of Franklin County developed at Sandusky. This museum, (1890), by Lazenby and Werner in a Supple- considered the finest high school museum mentary List to the Plants of Ohio . . . (1890), in the country, contained over 17,000 and by a former student, E. E. Bogue specimens representing all phases of natu- (1864-1907), in a letter to the editor of ral history. It was transferred to Bowling Science (1891). Bogue noted that: Green State University in 1936, to become In the botanical laboratory is found specimens the nucleus of that institution's collections of plant-life from many parts of the world, and in natural history (Mayfield 1984). several herbariums both of our flora and many plants from other countries. . . . Students are encouraged, in the natural sci- THE STATE HERBARIUM FROM ences especially, to do original and independent ITS FOUNDING TO THE 1940s investigation; and to facilitate this, excursions are made to places of especial geological, botan- The State Herbarium had its origin with ical, or entomological interest. . . . the founding of the Ohio Agricultural and Among the many needs of the institution may Mechanical College, now The Ohio State be mentioned ... a fire-proof building in which University, in 1870 (Meyer 1983, Stuckey to place the valuable geological and botanical 1982). The new school developed from museums and the library, more class-rooms, and the Morrill Land Grant College Act, better equipment in all departments. signed by President Abraham Lincoln on In the fall of 1891, William Ashbrook 2 July 1862. As governor of Ohio, Ruther- Kellerman (1850-1908) arrived as pro- ford B. Hayes (1822-1893) took an active fessor and chairman of the newly-created interest in the creation of the institution, Department of Botany and Forestry, which as did Joseph Sullivant, who worked dili- three years later became the Department of gently to secure Franklin County as the Botany. Forceful direction was now given location for the new school. Sullivant, who to the development of an herbarium. was secretary of the Board of Trustees Kellerman enlarged the existing collection for its first 10 years, fought for a broadly- of plants and in 1893 divided it into two based curriculum, as opposed to one of a components, designating one a State Her- strictly agricultural and mechanical orien- barium of plants from Ohio and the other tation, and the ultimate adoption of his a General Herbarium of plants from else- ideas determined the future direction of where. Since then the State Herbarium the school (Kinnison 1970). has continuously and steadily grown, In 1873, Norton Strange Townshend becoming the focal point and source of (1815-1895) was appointed the first Pro- documentation for floristic work in Ohio. 166 R. L. STUCKEY Vol. 84

The General Herbarium has also grown, directions for the preparation of herbarium but not as consistently and steadily as the specimens (Kellerman 1894, 1896, 1908, State Herbarium. The two components without date; Conrad 1912), and perhaps were physically separated until the late from contacts made during his travels 1960s, when, under the curatorship of about the state while conducting work for Ronald L. Stuckey (1938- ), all of the the Farmers' Institutes (Anonymous specimens in a particular family and genus 1896-1897, 1899). were brought together in the same case(s). One of the earliest research activities of However, each component still retains the State Herbarium was a catalogue of the its identity, as the specimens are filed plants of the flora. Werner (1893a, b, in color-coded folders representing the 1894) prepared some notes on plants new different geographical areas of the world for the state flora, and Kellerman and (Meyer 1983). Werner published a Catalogue of Ohio Plants The State Herbarium was organized to ("1893" {1894}) based on specimens de- show the distribution and morphological posited in the State Herbarium, as well as variations of all kinds of plants from all on information taken from previously pub- parts of the state (Meyer 1983, Stuckey lished state and county catalogues. Three 1982). A beginning effort was made to years later, Kellerman issued The Fourth obtain a specimen of every species from State Catalogue of Ohio Plants (1899a), and each of the 88 counties. Each species was additions to this list were published inter- indexed on a card showing a map of Ohio, mittently by Kellerman (1899b, 1900b, c, and those counties were marked which 1901a, b, c), Kellerman and Tyler (1901, were represented by specimens. By the fall 1902a, b), and Kellerman and Jennings of 1896, the State Herbarium contained (1904), in addition to those lists that ap- about 6,000 specimens (Anonymous peared in the annual reports. After 1896). According to the first published Kellerman began making botanical expe- report, the collection contained over ditions to Guatemala in 1905, no more 10,000 sheets of vascular plants (Kel- supplements to the Fourth Catalogue were lerman 1900a). In addition, the herbarium published, but additions to the Ohio flora had large numbers of specimens of non- were made by his assistants, Freda Detmers vascular plants, including mosses, fungi, (1907, 1908) and Otto E. Jennings (1909). and lichens, but these were not counted Kellerman and his assistant, John Henry and were only partially mounted and ar- Schaffner (1866-1939), who came to the ranged. The year-to-year progress of the University in 1897, encouraged other State Herbarium was described by Kel- studies that involved making use of the lerman (1900a, 1901a, 1902, 1903) in the information in the State Herbarium. They Annual Report(s) of the Ohio State Academy of and their students during this formative Science, and by Kellerman and his assistants period published, primarily in The Ohio in The Ohio Naturalist (Kellerman and Jen- Naturalist and The Ohio Journal of Science, nings 1904, Kellerman, York and Gleason over 80 papers on the composition, tax- 1906). According to the report for 1906, a onomy, distribution, and ecology of the total of 21,911 specimens were in the State Ohio flora. Unfortunately, this activity Herbarium. One of the major sources of was jolted by Kellerman's sudden death in specimens was volunteer contributors. March 1908, while on his 4th expedition Over 115 names of these individuals and to Guatemala. Schaffner became chairman the numbers of specimens they had con- of the Department and directed the work tributed were recorded through 1906. Kel- in the herbarium from that time. lerman's success in obtaining specimens Under the leadership of Professor Schaff- from such a large number of donors must ner, the herbarium continued to enlarge. have come in part from his teaching, from By 1935, over 40,000 sheets of vascular his publication of papers which provided plants had been accessioned for the State OhioJ. Sci. DEVELOPMENT OF HERBARIA IN OHIO 167

Herbarium, and by the time of Schaffner's have contributed to my research on the history of botany in the Ohio Valley. Those institutions having death in 1939, some 55,000 specimens manuscript materials which have been quoted with were housed there. Schaffner (1934) stated permission are the Dawes Memorial Library of that the herbarium was "greatly hampered Marietta College, Marietta, Ohio, for the Papers of by a lack of suitable cases to hold this Samuel P. Hildreth; the Howard-Tilton Memorial valuable collection properly. . . ," but re- Library, Tulane University, New Orleans, for the Diary and Repository of John L. Riddell; and ported later (1937) that steel cases had the Archives-Library Division of the Ohio Historical been obtained for the specimens. Further- Society, Columbus, for the Papers of Increase A. more, the General Herbarium, having Lapham. Other institutions whose libraries and/or been "packed away in boxes in the autumn herbaria were used are the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; American Philosophical of 1914, was now arranged in cases again." Society, Philadelphia; Cincinnati Historical Society; Additions were made to the General Her- Filson Club, Louisville, Kentucky; Hayes Memorial barium in the following years. Library, Fremont, Ohio; Historical Society of Penn- Schaffner took an active interest in the sylvania, Philadelphia; Howard Dittrick Museum of Medical History, Cleveland; Lloyd Library, Cincin- Ohio flora and published additions to the nati; Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis; New state lists (Schaffner 1909, 1910, York Botanical Garden, Bronx; The Ohio State Uni- 1912a, b), a Catalog of Ohio Vascular Plantsversity, Columbus; the Public Library of Cincinnati (1914), and a Revised Catalog . . . (1932). and Hamilton County; the State Library of Ohio, Until his death in 1939, he issued annual Columbus; the University of Illinois, Champaign- Urbana; The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; additions to these catalogues in The Ohio Urbana College and Urbana Public Library, Urbana, Naturalist and its successor, The Ohio Ohio. I am especially thankful to Dr. Marvin L. Journal of Science (Schaffner 1915, 1916- Roberts who, as a student, provided valuable assis- 1932, 1933-1938, Schaffner and Jones tance in the research on the botanical work of Samuel P. Hildreth, Jared P. Kirtland, Jonathon R. Pad- 1939). Schaffner and his students empha- dock, and John L. Riddell; to Mr. John W. Freder- sized the preparation of taxonomic treat- ick who conducted extensive research on John H. ments of certain vascular plant families in Klippart and his associates, and who helped prepare Ohio. Over 30 papers of this type were the manuscript for publication; and to Mr. Gary W. published, mostly in The Ohio Naturalist Kirkpatrick who helped with the library work for the project. The manuscript was read by these indi- and The Ohio Journal of Science. Schaffner viduals as well as by three anonymous reviewers for himself published taxonomic papers in The Ohio Journal of Science. these and other journals from 1905 to 1939 (Waller 1941). Following Schaffner's death, Clyde Harold Jones (1902-1974) LITERATURE CITED was appointed curator. Jones continued the Anonymous 1878 The journal; list of officers; work of Schaffner by adding specimens to Cincinnati Society of Natural History. J. Cincin- both the State and General Herbaria, and nati Soc. Nat. Hist. 1: 1-12. 1896 State Herbarium: An interesting by his additions to Schaffner's revised cata- collection of typical Ohio plants now in process of logues (Jones 1940-1943). formation at the University. Ohio State Univ. Unfortunately, little activity took place Lantern, 16 September. 1896-1897 [Items about W. A. Kel- in the herbarium in the mid-1940s, largely lerman's work at institutes in various counties in due to the effects of World War II. Thus, Ohio.] Ohio State Univ. Lantern, 2 December after an existence of over 50 years, the State 1896; 13 January, 10 February 1897. Herbarium nearly ceased to function. But 1899 A brief history of the State Board of Agriculture, the State Fair, District and Agri- with the appointment in 1949 of Clara cultural Societies and Farmers' Institutes in Ohio. Gertrude Weishaupt (1898- ) as curator, Fred. J. Heer, State Printer, Columbus. 82 p. the herbarium began a rejuvenation that 1920 [Herbarium of Jonathon R. Pad- has made it a viable teaching, research, dock.] Science, New Ser. 51: 165. and public service facility of the Univer- Atwater, Caleb 1838 Botany, p. 71-92. In: A history of the State of Ohio, natural and civil. sity today. Stereotyped by Glezen & Shepard, Cincinnati. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. Grateful appreciation is ex- 407 p. (Reprinted without change and labeled tended to many institutions and individuals who 2nd ed., 1838.) 168 R. L. STUCKEY Vol. 84

B[arnett], Qlaribel] R. 1928 John Hancock Crosby, James O. 1915 Scientific studies of Dr. Klippart, p. 445-446. In: Dumas Malone, (ed.), Asa Horr. Annals of Iowa, Ser. 3, 12: 161-164. Dictionary of American biography, Vol. 10. Cunningham, John F. 1952 John H. Klippart, Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. secretary of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture, Beardslee, Henry C, Sr. 1874 Catalogue of the 1856-1878. Ohio State Archaeol. & Hist. Quart. plants of Ohio, including flowering plants, ferns, 61: 51-63. mosses and liverworts. Painesville, OH. 19 p. [Curtis, Alva] 1839 [Review of] An alphabetical (Reprinted, 1878. 32nd Ann. Rep. Ohio State catalogue of shells, fossils, minerals, and zoo- Board Agric. 1877: 335-363.) phites, in the cabinet of Joseph Sullivant, curator Bigelow, John M. 1841 Florula Lancastriensis: of the Philosophical and Historical Society of Or a catalogue, comprising nearly all the flower- Ohio. Botanico-Medical Recorder 7: 219- ing and filicoid plants, growing naturally within Cutler, Julia P. 1895 Letter to W. A. Kellerman the limits of Fairfield County, with notes of such from Marietta, Ohio, 22 November. From Kel- as are medicinal, p. 49-79- Proc. Medical Conv. lerman's manuscipt notes on Ohio bibliography, Ohio, 5-7 May 1841. (Reprinted, 1841. With p. 31. Library, Special Collections, Ohio State authors as John M. Bigelow and Asa Horr, under Univ., Columbus. Copy in possession of Ronald the title Florula Lancastriensis: Or a catalogue L. Stuckey. comprising nearly all the flowering and filicoid Cutler, Manasseh 1785 An account of some of plants, growing naturally within the limits of the vegetable productions naturally growing in Fairfield County. Lancaster, OH. 22 p.) this part of America, botanically arranged. Mem. 1849 [A list of all the medicinal plants Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 1: 396-493- (Reprinted, of Ohio (not embraced in Wood and Bache's U.S. 1903. Bull. Lloyd Library, Reproduction Ser. 4, Dispensary), containing as far as known, a brief 7: 396-493.) account of their properties.] Ohio Medical & Sur- Cutler, William Parker and Julia Perkins Cut- gical J. 2: 97-143. (Reprinted, 1849. J. H. Riley ler 1888 Life, journals and correspondence of & Co., Columbus. 47 p.) Rev. Manasseh Cutler, LL.D. Robert Clarke & Bodley, Rachel L. 1865 Catalogue of plants, Co., Cincinnati. 2 vols. 524 p.; 495 p. (See contained in herbarium of Joseph Clark, arranged Vol. 2, p. 284-285.) according to the natural system. [Printed at the Deleuze, J. P. F. 1804 Notice historique sur expense of the Rev. George Maxwell by] R. P. Andre Michaux Annales du Museum d'Histoire Thompson, Cincinnati. 47 p. Naturelle 3: 191-227. (Reprinted in translation, Bogue, E. E. 1891 Letters to the editor. Ohio 1805, under the title, Memoirs of the life and State University. Science 17: 207-208. botanical travels of Andre Michaux by Deleuze. Braun, E. Lucy 1934 The Lea Herbarium and Edited by Charles Konig and John Sims. Ann. the flora of Cincinnati. Amer. Midi. Natur. 15: Bot. 1: 321-355. Reprinted in anonymous trans- 1-75. lation, 1814, under the title, The life of Andrew Chinard, Gilbert 1957 Les Michaux et leurs pre- Michaux. Western Gleaner, or Repository for curseurs, p. 263-284. In: Jean F. Leroy, (ed.), Les Arts, Sciences and Literature 2: 83-95, 141-153, botanistes Frangais en Amerique du Nord avant 212-220.) 1850. Centre National de la Recherche Scien- Detmers, Freda 1907 Additions to the Ohio tifique, Paris. 360 p. (Reprinted in translation, flora for 1905-6. Ohio Natur. 7: 61. 1957, under the title, Andre and Frangois-Andre 1908 Annual report on the plants new Michaux and their predecessors: An essay on early to the Ohio State list for 1907-8. Ohio Natur. 9: botanical exchanges between America and France. 421-422. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 101: 344-361.) Dexter, Ralph W. 1971 Benjamin Tappan, Jr. Cist, Charles 1841 Cincinnati in 1841: Its early (1773-1857) as a naturalist and malacologist. annals and future prospects. Printed for the au- Sterkiana 41: 45-49. thor, Cincinnati. 300 p. Dorfeuille, Joseph 1835 Letter to I. A. Lapham, Clark, Joseph 1852 Catalogue of flowering from Columbus, 30 December, p. 294. In: I. A. plants and ferns, observed in the vicinity of Cin- Lapham. 1811-1875. cinnati. Publ. by order of the Western Acad. Nat. Drake, B[enjamin] and E[dward] D. Mans- Sci., Cincinnati. 30 p. Addenda by Robert field 1827 [The Western Museum Society], Buchanan, p. 26-30. p. 44-46. In: Cincinnati in 1826. Morgan, Colby, Isaac 1834 Specimens of plants. West. J. Lodge, & Fisher, Cincinnati. 100 p. Med. & Phys. Sci. 7: 657-658. Drake, Daniel 1810 Notices concerning Cincin- Conrad, Henry S. 1912 The Kellerman plant nati. John W. Brown & Co., Cincinnati. press. Plant World 15: 135-139. 60 p. + appendix. (Reprinted, 1908. Quart. Coyle, William (ed.) 1962 Alexander Kinmont, Publ. Hist. & Philos. Soc. Ohio 3: 1-60, i-vi. p. 361. In: Ohio authors and their books: Bio- Reprinted and repaged, 1970. p. 5-56. In: graphical data and selective bibliographies for Henry D. Shapiro and Zane L. Miller, (eds.), Ohio authors, native and resident, 1796-1950. Physician to the West: Selected writings of Daniel World Publ. Co., Cleveland and New York. Drake on science and society. Univ. Press of 741 p. Kentucky, Lexington. 419 p.) OhioJ. Sci. DEVELOPMENT OF HERBARIA IN OHIO 169

"1815" {1816} Natural and statistical Foote, John P. 1855 Academy of Natural view, or picture of Cincinnati and the Miami Sciences, p. 52-63; Historical Societies, Country, illustrated by maps. With an appendix p. 148-162. In: The schools of Cincinnati, and containing observations on the late earthquakes, its vicinity. C. F. Bradley & Co.'s Power Press, the Aurora Borealis, and southwest wind. Looker Cincinnati, ix, 232 p. & Wallace, Cincinnati. 251 p. + index. (Por- Gordon, Robert B. 1952 The oldest natural his- tions reprinted and repaged, 1970. p. 67-124. tory museums and institutional herbaria in In: Henry D. Shapiro and Zane L. Miller, (eds.), America. Science 115: 217-218. Physican to the West: Selected writings of Daniel Graham, Geo., R. B. Moore and Jno. A. Drake on science and society. Univ. Press of Warder 1880 Report in memory of Robert Kentucky, Lexington. 419 p.) Buchanan. J. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. 3: 1820 An anniversary discourse, on the 74-78. state and prospects of the Western Museum Soci- Graustein, Jeannette E. 1967 Thomas Nuttall, ety: Delivered by appointment in the chapel of naturalist: Explorations in America 1808-1841. the Cincinnati College, June 10, 1820, on the Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, MA. 481 p. opening of the museum. Looker, Palmer & Hall, Virginicus C. 1956 Historical and Philo- Reynolds, Cincinnati. 36 p. (Reprinted and re- sophical Society of Ohio: A short history. Bull. paged, 1970. p. 131-150. In: Henry D. Shapiro Hist. & Philos. Soc. Ohio 14: 86-104. and Zane L. Miller, (eds.), Physician to the West: H[anderson], H[enry} E. 1912 Richard L. Selected writings of Daniel Drake on science and Howard (1809-1854), p. 16. In: Howard A. society. Univ. Press of Kentucky, Lexington. Kelly, (ed.), Cyclopedia of American medical 419 p.) biography comprising the lives of eminent [ } 1828 . . . An essay upon the medical deceased physicians and surgeons from 1610- properties of plants, compared with their exterior 1910, Vol. 2. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelpia forms and their natural classification. By A. P. and London. (Revised and reprinted, 1928. De Candolle, &c [including a review of some p. 606. In: Howard A. Kelly and Walter L.: books on American botany and instructions for Burrage, (eds.), Dictionary of American medical preparing an herbarium}. West. J. Med. & Phys. biography; lives of eminent physicians of the Sci. 2: 183-208. United States and Canada from the earliest times. t } 1833 Cincinnati Medical Society. D. Appleton & Co., New York, xxx, 1364 p. West. J. Med. & Phys. Sci. 7: 476-477. Reprinted, 1971. Milford House, Boston.) [ ] 1835 Cincinnati Medical Society. Hendrickson, Walter B. 1946 The Western West. J. Med. & Phys. Sci. 8: 645-646. Museum Society of Cincinnati. Sci. Monthly 63: Durand, Elias 1857 Biographical notice of the 66-72. late Frangois Andre Michaux. Trans. Amer. 1947 The Western Academy of Natural Philos. Soc, New Ser. 11: xvii-xxvii. (Reprinted Sciences of Cincinnati. Isis 37: 138-145. and slightly abridged, 1857. Amer. J. Sci. 74: Hildreth, Samuel P. 1809 A concise description 161-177.) of Marietta, in the State of Ohio; with an enumera- Eberle, E.G. 1924 In memory of John Eberle, tion of some vegetable and mineral productions in M. D.: A tribute to the 100 years of service of its neighborhood. Med. Repository, Hexade 2,6: Jefferson Medical College and as an appreciation 358-363. to its faculty and alumni. 15 p. typescript. Li- 1812 Information concerning the brary, Cincinnati Historical Society. Frasera carolinensis, otherwise called the American Eberle, John 1818 Botanical terminology; or, A Columbo plant: In a letter from Dr. S. P. Hil- pocket companion for students of botany: Being a dreth, of Marietta, in Ohio, dated Marietta, July concise explanation of the terms employed in the 30, 1810. New York Med. Repository 15: classification and description of the vegetable 126-128. kingdom. M. Carey & Son, Philadelphia. 73 p. 1826 Notes on certain parts of the State Felter, Harvey Wickes 1902 History of the of Ohio. Amer. J. Sci. 10: 319-331; 11: 231-238. Eclectic Medical Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1827 Obserations on the climate and 1845-1902, including the Worthington Medical productions of Washington County, Ohio. Amer. College (1830-1842), the Reformed Medical J. Sci. 12: 206-212. School of Cincinnati (1842-1845), and the Eclectic 1834a Letter to I. A. Lapham, from College of Medicine (1856-1859), with biograph- Marietta, 3 June, p. 263-264. In: I. A. Lapham. ical sketches of members of the various faculties 1811-1875. and lists of graduates arranged alphabetically and 1834b Letter to I. A. Lapham, from by classes. Published for the Alumni Assn. of the Marietta, 1 October, p. 269- In: I. A. Lapham. Eclectic Medical Institute by H. W. Felter, 1811-1875. M.D., John K. Scudder, M.D., and J. U. Lloyd, 1836 Report of the committee on a Phr. M., Committee, Cincinnati. 203 p. geological survey of the state. Ohio Executive 1903 Worthington College, Ohio, Re- Documents 1836-1837 (Report No. 1): 65-77. formed Medical Department. "Old Northwest" (Reprinted and repaged, 1836. Report of the Geneal. Quart. 6: 157-170. special committee, appointed by the last legis- 170 R. L. STUCKEY Vol. 84

lature to report on the best method of obtaining 1900b First annual supplement to the a complete geological survey of the state of fourth state catalogue of Ohio plants. Bull. Ohio Ohio. James B. Gardiner, Printer to the State, State Univ., Ser. 4 (Bot. Ser. 5), 28: 1-10. Columbus. 18 p.) [ ] 1900c Additions to the Ohio flora. 1849 Doctor Samuel Prescott Hildreth, Ohio Natur. 1: 15-16. p. 142-145. In: Early Physicians of Marietta, 1901a Report for 1900 on the State Ohio. New England Hist. & Geneal. Reg. 3: Herbarium, including additions to the state plant 47-55, 137-147. (Reprinted and repaged, 1849- list. 9th Ann. Rep. Ohio State Acad. Sci. 1900: Boston Med. & Surgical J. 41: 229-232.) 40-47. [ca. 1915] Genealogical and biographi- 1901b Twelve plants additional to the cal sketches of the Hildreth family from the year Ohio list. Ohio Natur. 1: 121-122. 1652 down to the year 1840 written by Dr. 1901c Fifty additions to the catalogue Samuel P. Hildreth, Marietta, Ohio, 1840. of Ohio plants. Ohio Natur. 1: 157-159- Edited by B. B. Putnam. [Published by the 1902 Report for 1901 on the State Her- editor, Marietta.} 334 p. barium including additions to the state plant list. Horine, Emmet Field 1961 Daniel Drake 10th Ann. Rep. Ohio State Acad. Sci. 1901: (1785-1852): Pioneer Physician of the Midwest. 79-83. Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia. 1903 Annual report on the State Her- 425 p. barium and plants new to the state list. 11th Ann. {James, Davis L.] 1883 Proceedings of the soci- Rep. Ohio State Acad. Sci.: 30-35. ety. J. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. 6: 93-96. 1908 A better method of preparing her- James, Joseph F. 1879 Catalogue of the flower- barium specimens. Science, New Ser. 27: 69-70. ing plants, ferns, and fungi growing in the vicin- [without date] Directions for collecting ity of Cincinnati. J. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. 2: and mounting botanical specimens. Botanical 42-68. Department of the Ohio State University, Co- James, U.P., A.J. Howe and O. D. Norton lumbus. 7 p. 1881 Report of the committee on the life and and O. E. Jennings 1904 Report for character of George Graham. J. Cincinnati Soc. 1902 on the State Herbarium including additions Nat. Hist. 4: 85-90. to the state plant list. Ohio Natur. 4: 59-60. Jennings, Otto E. 1909 Some new or otherwise and F. J. Tyler 1901 Second annual sup- noteworthy plants from Ohio. Ohio Natur. 9: plement to the fourth state catalogue of Ohio 440-442. plants. Bull. Ohio State Univ., Ser. 5 (Bot. Ser. Jepson, Willis L. 1898 Dr. Henry N. Bolander, 9), 19: 1-10. botanical explorer. Erythea 6: 100-107. and 1902a Further additions Johnson, Minnie M. 1930 The herbarium of to the catalogue of Ohio plants. Ohio Natur. 2: M. G. Williams, a pioneer botanist of Ohio. 279-280. Proc. Ohio Acad. Sci. 8: 391-392. (Abstract.) and 1902b Third annual sup- Jones, Clyde H. 1940-1943 Additions to the re- plement to the fourth state catalogue of Ohio vised catalogue of Ohio vascular plants. VIII-XI. plants. Ohio State Univ. Bull., Ser. 6 (Bot. Ser. Ohio J. Sci. 40: 200-216; 41: 328-345; 42: 11), 16: 1-8. 201-210; 43: 186-192. and Wm. C. Werner "1893" [1894] Jones, Herbert L. 1892 Catalogue of the pha- Catalogue of Ohio plants. Rep. Geol. Surv. Ohio nerogams and ferns of Licking County, Ohio. 7: 56-406. Bull. Sci. Lab. Denison Univ. 7: 1-102 + errata , H. H. York and H. A. Gleason 1906 and map. Annual report on the State Herbarium for Juettner, Otto 1909 Daniel Drake and his fol- the years 1903, '04, and '05. Ohio Natur. 6: lowers: Historical and biographical sketches. 441-442. Harvey Publ. Co., Cincinnati. 496 p. Kellogg, Elizabeth R. 1945 Joseph Dorfeuille Kellerman, W. A. 1894 Notes on drying bo- and the Western Museum. J. Cincinnati Soc. tanical specimens. 2nd Ann. Rep. Ohio State Nat. Hist. 22(4): 1-29. Acad. Sci.: 37-38. Kinnison, William A. 1970 Building Sul- 1896 Directions for collecting and livant's pyramid: An administrative history of the drying plants, and making an herbarium. Ohio Ohio State University, 1870-1907. Ohio State Educational Monthly 45: 198-202. Univ. Press, Columbus, xii, 225 p. 1899a The fourth state catalogue of Kirtland, Jared P. 1837-1838 Letters to S. P. Ohio plants consisting of a serially numbered sys- Hildreth, from Poland, Ohio, 5 August 1837, tematic check-list of the pteridophytes and sper- 19 April, 24 August 1838; from Cincinnati, matophytes. Bull. Ohio State Univ., Ser. 4 (Bot. Ohio, 27 November 1838. In: Hildreth Papers, Ser. 1), 10: 1-65. Vol. 6, p. 101-102, 107-112, Library, Marietta 1899b Observations on the Ohio flora. College, Marietta, OH. 7th Ann. Rep. Ohio State Acad. Sci.: 35-37. 1838a Report of Dr. Kirtland, second 1900a Report of the State Herbarium. assistant geologist, p. 65-69- In: W. W. Mather 8th Ann. Rep. Ohio State Acad. Sci.: 43-44. et al. First annual report on the Geological Sur- OhioJ. Sci. DEVELOPMENT OF HERBARIA IN OHIO 171

vey of the State of Ohio. Doc. No. 26. Samuel 1836 Botanical press. Amer. J. Sci. 30: Medary, Printer to the State, Columbus. 134 p. 54-55. 1838b Report on the zoology of Ohio Loving, Starling 1904 Some reminiscences — [containing] a catalogue of the mammalia, birds, general and medical. "Old Northwest" Geneal. reptiles, fishes, testacea, and Crustacea in Ohio, Quart. 7: 217-227. (Reprinted, 1934, under p. 157-200. In: W. W. Mather et al. Second the title Some reminiscences, p. 82-90. In: The annual report on the Geological Survey of Ohio. Ohio State University College of Medicine: A Doc. No. 22. 286 p. collection of source material covering a century Klippart, John H. I860 {Remarks introductory of medical progress 1834-1934, Vol. 1. Brown toj. S. Newberry's Catalogue . . .] 14th Ann. Rep. Publishing Co., Blanchester, OH. 572 p.) Ohio State Board Agric. 1859: 235. 1912 Ichabod Gibson Jones (1807- 1878 {Remarks introductory to the re- 1857), p. 52-53. In: Howard A. Kelly, (ed.), printing of H. C. Beardslee's Catalogue . . .} 32nd Cyclopedia of American medical biography, com- Ann. Rep. Ohio State Board Agric. 1877: 335. prising the lives of eminent deceased physicians Lapham, Increase Allen 1811-1875 Letters, dia- and surgeons from 1610 to 1910, Vol. 2. W. B. ries and papers of Increase Allen Lapham, pre- Saunders Co., Philadelphia and London. (Revised pared by his daughter Julia Lapham. Library, and reprinted, 1928. p. 673-674. In: Howard A. Historical Society of Wisconsin, Madison. (Du- Kelly and Walter L. Burrage, (eds.), Dictionary plicate typescripts. In: Lapham Papers, MS Col- of American medical biography; lives of eminent lection 216, Archives-Library Division, Ohio physicians of the United States and Canada from Historical Society, Columbus.) the earliest times. D. Appleton & Co., New 1834a Letter to Darius Lapham, from York, xxx, 1364 p. Reprinted, 1971. Milford Columbus, 18 May, p. 258. In: I. A. Lapham. House, Boston.) 1811-1875. MacPhail, Ian 1981 The Sterling Morton Li- 1834b Letter to S. P. Hildreth, from brary bibliographies in botany and horticulture. Columbus, 20 September. In: Hildreth Papers, I. Andre & Frangois-Andre Michaux. Morton Vol. 8, p. 226, Library, Marietta College, Mari- Arboretum, Lisle, IL 35 p. etta, Ohio. 1983 The Sterling Morton Library bib- 1835 Letter to the Hon. J. M. Creed, liographies in botany and horticulture. II. from Columbus, December [no day given], Thomas Nuttall. Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL. p. 294-304. In: I. A. Lapham. 1811-1875. 35 p. 1837 Miscellaneous observations on Mansfield, Edward D. 1855 Memoirs of the life the geology of Ohio. Ohio Executive Documents and services of Daniel Drake, M.D., physician, 1836-37 (Report No. 60): 31-34. professor, and author; with notices of the early Lazenby, William R. and W. C. Werner 1890 settlement of Cincinnati, and some of its pioneer Supplementary list to the plants of Ohio, pre- citizens. Applegate & Co., Cincinnati, x, 408 p. liminary to a complete catalogue of the flora of (Reprinted, I860.) the state. Dept. Bot. and Hort., Ohio State Mather, W. W. 1838 First annual report on the Univ., Columbus. 10 p. Geological Survey of Ohio. p. 5-23 + figs. 1-4. Lea, James Henry and George Henry Lea 1906 In: W. W. Mather et al. First annual report on the The ancestry and posterity of John Lea of Chris- Geological Survey of the State of Ohio. Doc. tian Malford, Wiltshire, England, and of Penn- No. 26. Samuel Medary, Printer to the State, sylvania in America 1503-1906. Lea Brothers & Columbus. 134 p. Co., Philadelphia and New York, xv, 611 p. Mayfield, Harold F. 1984 Edwin Lincoln Mose- Lea, Thomas G. 1849 Catalogue of plants, na- ley, naturalist and teacher, 1865-1948. North- tive and naturalized, collected in the vicinity of west Ohio Quart. 56(1): 3-17. Cincinnati, Ohio, during the years 1834-1844. Meisel, Max 1924 A bibliography of American {Published by Isaac Lea, Philadelphia]. 77 p. natural history: The pioneer century, 1769-1865, L[loyd], J. U. 1903 Rev. Manasseh Cutler, Vol. 1. Premier Publishing Co., Brooklyn. LL.D. Bull. Lloyd Library, Reproduction Ser. 4, 244 p. (Reprinted, 1967. Hafner Publishing 7: 5-8 + photograph. Co., New York.) Lloyd, John Uri and John Thomas Lloyd 1931 A 1926 Western Museum Society, Cincin- librarian's story. J. Amer. Pharm. Assoc. 20: nati (1818), p. 390-391. In: A bibliography of 918-921. American natural history: The pioneer century, Locke, John 1819 Outlines of botany, taken 1769-1865, Vol. 2. Premier Publishing Co., chiefly from Smith's introduction; containing Brooklyn. 741 p. (Reprinted, 1967. Hafner Pub- an explanation of botanical terms and an illustra- lishing Co., New York.) tion of the system of Linnaeus. Also some account Meyer, Bernard S. 1983 Botany at The Ohio of natural orders, and the anatomy and physiology State University: The first 100 years. Bull. Ohio of vegetables. Illustrated by engravings. For the Biol. Surv., New Ser. 6(2): i-vi, 1-177. use of schools and students. Published for the Michaux, Andre 1803 Flora Boreali-Americana. author by Cummings and Hilliard, Boston, xiii, . . . Levrault, Paris and Strasbourg. 2 vols. xii, 161 p. incl. 15 pis. Herbarium, p. 124-127. 350 p.; 340 p. (Reprinted in facsimile, 1974. 172 R. L. STUCKEY Vol. 84

With an introduction by Joseph Ewan, Vol. 1, Newberry, John S. 1844 Plants of Summit pp. [ix-xlvi}. Classica Botanica Americana No. 3. County Ohio Collected in 1844. 25 p. manu- Hafner Press, A Division of Macmillan Publish- script. Library, New York Botanical Garden, ing Co., New York.) Bronx. Copy in possession of Ronald L. Stuckey. 1889 Portions of the journal of Andre I860 Catalogue of the flowering plants Michaux, botanist, written during his travels in and ferns of Ohio. 14th Ann. Rep. Ohio State the United States and Canada, 1785-1796. With Board Agric. 1859: 235-273. (Reprinted and re- an introduction and explanatory notes, by C. S. paged, 1860. 41 p.) Sargent. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 26: 1-145. Nuttall, Thomas 1818 The genera of North Michaux, Frangois-Andre 1804 Voyage a American plants, and a catalogue of the species to l'Ouest des Monts Alleghanys. Levrault, Schoell the year 1817. Printed for the author by D. et Compagnie, Paris, vi, 312 p. (Reprinted, Heartt, Philadelphia. 2 vols. viii, 312 p.; 1808. Dentu, Paris. Reprinted, 1805, under the 254 p. + index, 10 p. + er[r]atum and addi- title, Travels to the Westward of the Allegheny tions. (Reprinted, 1971. With introduction by Mountains. . . . Translated by B. Lambert and Joseph Ewan, Vol. 1, p. [ix-xxxvii]. Classica printed by W. Flint for J. Mawman, London, xvi, Botanica Americana No. 7. Hafner Publishing 350 p. Reprinted in anonymous translation, Co., New York.) 1805, for Richard Phillips by Barnard & Sultzer, Pennell, Francis W. 1936 Travels and scientific London, iv, 96 p. Reprinted in anonymous trans- collections of Thomas Nuttall. Bartonia 18: 1-51. lation, 1805, under the title, Travels to the West 1950 Historic botanical collections of of the Allegheny Mountains. . . . Printed by the American Philosophical Society and the D. N. Shury for B. Crosby and Co., London, xii, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 294 p. This last edition reprinted, 1904, 1905. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 94(2): 137-151. p. [1O5]-3O6. In: Reuben Gold Thwaites, (ed.), Radbill, Samuel X. 1936 John Eberle: A Penn- Early western travels: 1748-1846, Vol. 3. Arthur sylvania Dutch pioneer in American medical H. Clark Co., Cleveland, OH. 382 p. Also re- education. Bull. Hist. Medicine 4: 121-136. printed, 1966. AMS, New York.) [Randall, E. O.} 1909 Early days in Ohio. From 1810-1813 Histoire des arbres forestiers letters and diaries of Dr. I. A. Lapham. Ohio de l'Amerique septentrionale. . . . L. Haussman et Archaeol. & Hist. Quart. 18: 43-53. d'Hautel, Paris. 3 vols. 222 p.; 280 p.; 408 p. Riddell, John L. 1832a Wild plants. American 1817-1819 The North American Sylva, Friend and Marietta Gazette, 12 July. or a description of the forest trees, of the United 1832b Spontaneous vegetable produc- States, Canada and Nova Scotia. . . . tions of Washington County. Western Republi- C. d'Hautel, Paris. 3 vols. xii, 268 p.; 250 p.; can and Marietta Advertiser, 14 July. 285 p. (Numerous reprintings. See MacPhail. 1832c Notice of the vegetable produc- 1981.) tions in Washington County, O. Western Repub- Mitchell, Thomas D. 1861 John Eberle 1788- lican and Marietta Advertiser, 1, 8, 15, 22, and 1838, p. 460-478. In: Samuel D. Gross, (ed.), 29 September. Lives of eminent American physicians and 1833-1835 Diary, Vol. 9, Worthington, surgeons of the nineteenth century. Lindsay & Ohio, 25 July-17 December 1833, 168 p.; Blakiston, Philadelphia. 836 p. Vol. 11, Worthington, Ohio, 24 March-17 July Morgan, A. P. 1878 Flora of the Miami Valley. 1834, 132 p.; Vol. 13, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1 Literary Union, Dayton, OH. 68 p. June-1 November 1835, 217 p. Howard-Tilton Morse, Larry 1967a John W. Van Cleve (1801- Memorial Library, Tulane Univ., New Orleans. 1852), amateur botanist. 5 p. typescript. Paper 1834a Botanical specimens. Particular presented before the Michigan Academy of Arts, directions for collecting and preserving specimens Sciences, and Letters, Ann Arbor, MI, 17 March of plants, extracted from an unpublished treatise 1967. Copy in possession of Ronald L. Stuckey. on practical botany. West. J. Med. & Phys. Sci. 1967b John W. Van Cleve, pioneer 8: 18-42. (Reprinted and repaged, 1834. 24 p.) Ohio botanist. 5 p. typescript. Paper presented 1834b Catalogue of the plants growing before The Ohio Academy of Science, Dayton, spontaneously in Franklin County, central Ohio; OH, 21 April 1967. Copy in possession of Ronald excluding grasses, mosses, lichens, fungi, etc. L. Stuckey. West. Med. Gaz. 2: 116-120, 154-159. Moseley, E. L. 1899 Sandusky flora. A catalogue 1834-1835 Repository, Vol. 6, Cincin- of the flowering plants and ferns growing without nati, 25 April 1834-7 December 1835, 163 p. cultivation, in Erie County, Ohio, and the pen- Howard-Tilton Memorial Library, Tulane Univ., insula and islands of Ottawa County. Ohio State New Orleans. Acad. Sci. Special Papers No. 1. 167 p. + map. "1834" [1835} Synopsis of the flora of Murdoch, Florence 1945 Summary of the the western states. West. J. Med. & Phys. Sci. manuscript recollections of Milo G. Williams 8: 329-374, 489-556. (Reprinted, 1835. E. (1804-1880). Ohio Archaeol. & Hist. Quart. 54: Deming, Cincinnati. 116 p.) 113-126. 1836 A supplementary catalogue of OhioJ. Sci. DEVELOPMENT OF HERBARIA IN OHIO 173

Ohio plants. West. J. Med. & Phys. Sci. 9: and Clyde H. Jones 1939 Additions to 567-592. (Reprinted, 1836. N. S. Johnson, Cin- the revised catalog of Ohio vascular plants. VII. cinnati. 28 p.) OhioJ. Sci. 39: 232-234. 1837 Report of John L. Riddell, M.D. Schramm, J. R. 1957 Influence — passee, et one of the special committee appointed by the presente — de Frangois-Andre Michaux sur la last legislature to report on the method of ob- foresterie et la recherche forestiere en Amerique, taining a complete geological survey of this p. 287-300. In: Jean F. Leroy, (ed.), Les bota- state. Ohio Executive Documents 1836-37 (Re- nistes Frangais en Amerique du Nord avant port No. 60): 1-30. 1850. Centre National de la Recherche Sci- 1839 Monograph of the ligneous plants entifique. 360 p. (Reprinted in translation, indigenous to Ohio. The Hesparian; a monthly 1957, under the title, Influence — past and miscellany of general literature 2: 257-263. present — of Franc,ois-Andre Michaux on botany Riess, Karlem 1977 Special papers on the his- and forest research in America. Proc. Amer. Phi- tory of science — I: John Leonard Riddell. los. Soc. 101: 336-343. Tulane Stud. Geol. & Paleont. 13: 1-110. Selby, Aug[ustine] D. and Moses Craig 1890 A Rodgers, Andrew Denny, III 1940 "Noble preliminary list of the plants of Franklin County, Fellow:" William Starling Sullivant. G. P. Put- Ohio. J. Columbus Hort. Soc. 5(2): 1-19. (Re- nam's Sons, New York. 361 p. (Reprinted, 1968. printed, 1890. 19 p.) Hafner Publishing Co., New York.) Shapiro, Henry D. 1976 The Western Academy Russell-Gebbett, Jean P. 1977 Henslow of of Natural Sciences of Cincinnati and the struc- Hitcham: Botanist, educationalist, and clergy- ture of science in the Ohio Valley 1810-1850, man. Terence Dalton Ltd., Lavenham, England. p. 219-247. In: Alexandra Oleson and Sanborn 139 p. + 12 pis. C. Brown, (eds.), The pursuit of knowledge in Savage, Henry, Jr. 1970 Andre and Frangois the early American republic: American scientific Michaux. p. 179-235. In: Lost Heritage. Wil- and learned societies from colonial times to the liam Morrow & Co., Inc., New York. 329 p. Civil War. Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, Baltimore Schaffner, John H. 1909 New and rare Ohio and London, xxv, 372 p. plants. Ohio Natur. 10: 39- Shepard, Lee 1945 The Historical and Philo- 1910 New and rare Ohio plants added sophical Society. Ohio Archaeol. & Hist. Quart. to the State Herbarium in 1910. Ohio Natur. 54: 89-95. 11: 246. Shetler, Stanwyn G. 1969 The herbarium: Past, 1912a New and rare plants of Ohio. present, future. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 82: Ohio Natur. 12: 457. 687-758. 1912b New and rare plants added to the Short, Charles Wilkins 1833 Instructions for Ohio list in 1912. Ohio Natur. 13: 36. the gathering and preservation of plants for her- 1914 Catalog of Ohio vascular plants. baria; in a letter to a young botanist. Transylvania Ohio Biol. Surv. 1(2): 125-247. Bull. No. 2. J. Med. & Assoc. Sci. 6: 60-74. (Reprinted, 1915 New and rare plants added to the 1978. In: Ronald L. Stuckey, (ed.), Scientific Ohio list in 1914. Ohio Natur. 15: 432. publications of Charles Wilkins Short. Arno 1916-1932 Additions to the catalog of Press, New York. Various pagings.) Ohio vascular plants . . . [for 1915-1931]. OhioJ. Shotwell, John B. 1902 Cincinnati Society of Sci. 16: 104; 17: 132-136; 18: 99-100; 19: Natural History, p. 346-350. In: A history of 293-298; 20: 131-136; 21: 128-135; 22: 91-94; the schools of Cincinnati. School Life Co., Cin- 23: 107-114; 24: 107-116; 25: 130-138; 26: cinnati. 608 p. + index 15 p. 169-182; 27: 95-101; 28: 205-214; 29: 81-92; Simons, Corinne Miller 1972 Lloyd Library. 30: 98-108; 31: 299-307; 32: 158-161. Cincinnati J. Med. 53: 185-188. 1931 Additions to the catalog of Ohio Slack, Elijah, James Findley, William Steele, Jesse vascular plants for 1930. Ohio J. Sci. 31: Embree and Daniel Drake 1818 An address to 299-307. the people of the Western Country {prospectus 1932 Revised catalog of Ohio vascular of the Western Museum, 15 September 1818}. plants. Ohio. Biol. Surv. 5(2): 87-215. Bull. Amer. J. Sci. 1: 203-206. No. 25. Smith, Henry M. 1893a Members of the Ameri- 1933-1938 Additions to the revised can Institute of Homoeopathy from 1844 to catalog of Ohio vascular plants. I-VI. OhioJ. Sci. 1893- Trans. 46th Session Amer. Inst. Homo- 33: 288-294; 34: 165-174; 35: 297-303; 36: eopathy 1893: 395-454. 195-203; 37: 260-265; 38: 211-216. 1893b Report of the necrologist. . . and 1934 Additions to the revised catalog memorial service in honor of deceased members. of Ohio vascular plants. II. Ohio J. Sci. 34: Trans. 46th Session Amer. Inst. Homoeopathy 165-174. 1893: 121-174. 1937 Additions to the revised catalog Southwick, Erman Dean 1955 Doctor S. P. Hil- of Ohio vascular plants. V. Ohio J. Sci. 37: dreth and his home. Ohio Hist. Quart. 64: 260-265. 30-54. 174 R. L. STUCKEY Vol. 84

[Stimson, R. M.] 1863 Death of Doctor Hil- 1942 Dr. John Milton Bigelow, dreth. Marietta Register, 31 July. (Reprinted, 1804-1878: An early Ohio physician-botanist. 1863. Obitual record. Cincinnati Lancet & Ob- Ohio Archaeol. & Hist. Quart. 51: 313-331. server 6: 582-584.) 1944 Dr. Samuel P. Hildreth, 1783- Stoddard, Paul Wakelee 1928 Story of the first 1863. Ohio Archaeol. & Hist. Quart. 53: Geological Survey of Ohio 1835-1842. Ohio 313-338. Archaeol. & Hist. Quart. 37: 107-135. 1945 The vaulting imagination of John Stuckey, Ronald L. 1966a The botanical pur- L. Riddell. Ohio Archaeol. & Hist. Quart. 54: suits of John Samples, pioneer Ohio plant col- 331-360. (Reprinted, 1946. Ohio State Med. J. lector (1836-1840). OhioJ. Sci. 66: 1-41. 42: 163-165, 267-271, 385-387, 512-515. Re- 1966b Thomas Nuttall's 1816 Ohio printed and repaged, 1946. Columbus. 13 p.) Valley plant collections described in his "Genera" 1946 Dr. John Locke, early Ohio scien- of 1818. Castanea 31: 187-198. tist (1792-1856). Ohio Archaeol. & Hist. Quart. 1967a Daniel Steinhauer, early Ohio 55: 346-373. plant collector, and his correspondence with the Walp, Russell Lee 1951 Riddell's notice of botanist Schweinitz. Bartonia 36: 1-24. vegetable productions growing spontaneously 1967b The "lost" plants of Thomas in Washington County, Ohio. OhioJ. Sci. 51: Nuttall's 1810 expedition into the Old North- 320-334. west. Michigan Bot. 6: 81-94. and Marilyn W. Ortt 1974 Washington 1969 An overlooked plant name (Aes- County's earliest recorded flora by Riddell, p. 12. culus maxima) of Daniel Drake and his lost her- In: Abstracts Section B: Plant Sciences. 83rd barium. Castanea 34: 185-192. Annual Meeting. The Ohio Academy of Science, 1971 The first public auction of an College of Wooster, Wooster, OH. 21 p. mime- American herbarium including an account of the ographed. Copies in the Archives of The Ohio fate of the Baldwin, Collins, and Rafinesque Academy of Science, the Ohio Historical Society, herbaria. Taxon 20: 443-459- Columbus, and possession of Ronald L. Stuckey. 1978 Medical botany in the Ohio Valley Werner, Wm. C. 1893a Notes on distribution (1800-1850). Trans. & Stud. Coll. Physicians of and stations for a few rare and interesting Ohio Philadelphia 45: 262-279. plants. Bull. Ohio Agric. Exper. Sta., Tech Ser. 1982 Introduction, p. 14. In: Featured 5, 1(3): 232-235. (Reprinted and repaged, 1893. institution — The Ohio State University. Assn. 4 p.) Systematics Collections Newsletter 10(2): 14-16. 1893b New plants for the flora of Ohio. and W. Alan Wentz 1974 Vascular- Bull. Ohio Agric. Exper. Sta., Tech. Ser. 5, 1(3): plant type specimens in the Ohio State University 235-240. (Reprinted and repaged, 1893. 7 p.) Herbarium. OhioJ. Sci. 74: 20-35. 1894 New phaenogams for the Ohio Sullivant, Joseph 1874 (Joseph Sullivant], flora. J. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. 16: 170-172. p. 174-184 + Family Table. In: A genealogy [Western Academy of Natural Sciences] 1835- and family memorial. [Published by the author], 1840 Minutes, Vol. 1. 25 April 1835-4 January Columbus. 372 p. + notes and corrections. 1840. Pages not numbered. Library, Cincinnati Sullivant, William S. 1840 Catalogue of the Historical Society. plants, native or naturalized, in the vicinity of Wilson, James Grant and John Fiske (eds.) 1888 Columbus, Ohio. Charles Scott, Columbus. Thomas Gibson Lea, p. 645. In: Appleton's cyclo- 63 p. paedia of American biography, Vol. 3: Grinnell- True, Rodney H. 1937 Francois Andre Mi- Lockwood. D. Appleton & Co., New York. chaux, the botanist and explorer. Proc. Amer. Winchell, N. H. 1894 Sketch of Dr. John Philos. Soc. 78: 313-327. Locke. Amer. Geol. 14: 341-356 + pi. X. Tucker, David A., Jr. 1952 John Locke, M.D. W[ood], W[illiam] 1836 Cincinnati Medical Bull. Hist. & Philos. Soc. Ohio 10: 111-125. Society. West. J. Med. & Phys. Sci. 10: 168. Tucker, Louis Leonard 1967 "Ohio show-shop:" Wright, A. A. 1889 Preliminary list of the The Western Museum of Cincinnati 1820-1867, flowering and fern plants of Lorain County, Ohio. p. 73-105. In: Whitfield J. Bell, Jr., et al. A E.J. Goodrich, Oberlin, OH. Lab. Bull. Oberlin cabinet of curiosities: Five episodes in the evo- College 1. 30 p. (Additions in supplement, lution of American museums. Univ. of Virginia 1893. 11 p.) Press, Charlottesville. xii, 166 p. Wright, M[armaduke] B. 1857 An address on Uttall, Leonard J. 1984 The type localities of the life and character of the late Professor John the Flora Boreali-Americana of Andre Michaux. Locke, delivered at the request of the Cincinnati Rhodora 86: 1-66. Medical Society. [Published by the author], Cin- Waller, Adolph E. 1941 Professor John Henry cinnati. 72 p. Schaffner. Ohio J. Sci. 41: 253-286 + photograph.