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The Method of Removal Yttrium (Iii) and Ytterbium (Iii) from Dilute Aqueous Solutions

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The Method of Removal Yttrium (Iii) and Ytterbium (Iii) from Dilute Aqueous Solutions Journal of Ecological Engineering Volume 17, Issue 2, Apr. 2016, pages 38–42 DOI: 10.12911/22998993/62284 Research Article THE METHOD OF REMOVAL YTTRIUM (III) AND YTTERBIUM (III) FROM DILUTE AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS Olga Lobacheva1, Natalia Dzhevaga1, Aleksandr Danilov1 1 National Mineral Resources University (Mining University), Vasil’evsky Island, 21 line 2, Saint-Petersburg, 199106 Russia, e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Received: 2015.12.22 ABSTRACT Accepted: 2016.03.04 Yttrium (III) and ytterbium (III) cations ion flotation from diluted aqueous solutions Published: 2016.04.01 in the presence of chloride ions using sodium dodecyl sulfate as collector agent were studied. Y (III) and Yb (III) distribution and recovery coefficients as a function of aqueous phase рН value at different sodium chloride concentrations were received. Yttrium (III) and ytterbium (III) chloro and hydroxo complexes instability constants were calculated. The calculation of separation coefficient at рН specified values- de pending on chloride ion concentration was conducted. Maximum separation coeffi- cient was observed when chloride concentration of 0.01 M is 50 at рН 7.8. Ksep is minimal in nitrate medium ans is 3 at рН 7.0. At sodium chloride concentration of 0.05 М Ksep is 9 at рН 7.8. Keywords: ion flotation, sodium dodecyl sulfate, distribution coefficient, separation coefficient, removal. INTRODUCTION all Russian rare-earth deposits are part of com- plex deposits, whose processing does not include Ion flotation is a process based on adsorption recovering rare-earth elements. For example, a at liquid-gas phase boundary of surfactant and joint-stock company ‘Apatite’ is a large mining inorganic compound ions reaction products. The complex whose sphere of activity are booty and method is widely used for recovering substances enriching of apatite-nephelites ores of Hibiny de- from solutions with concentrations of 10-2 – 10-8 posits, production apatite and nephelite concen- mol/l. Ion flotation is based on recovering ion at- trates, and also other mineral concentrates – sy- traction by oppositely charged collector ions that enite, titaniummagnetite. A nephelite concentrate had attached to the surface of air or gas bubbles containing no less than 28,5 percent of Al2О3 is that are let through the solution [Gol’man 1982]. used for the production of aluminum, soda, pot- Various classes of surfactants are used as collec- ash, cement, phosphoric-potassium fertilizers, co- tor agents. Ion flotation method permits recover- agulants of containing an aluminium, brick wares, ing non-ferrous, rare-earth and heavy metal cat- glass wares, rare-earth elements, different salts of ions from diluted aqueous solutions and industrial aluminium and other foods outside a joint-stock waste waters. company ‘Apatite’ [Danilov et al. 2015]. Rare-earth elements are widely used in differ- Multipurpose use of mineral raw materials is ent branches of industry. Thus lanthanum, cerium the most important direction for resource-saving and yttrium are used for manufacturing glass, ce- in new millennium. Separated pure rare-earth el- ramics, catalysts; samarium is used while manu- ements have extrinsic value. That is why an in- facturing magnets and lasers; europium is used crease in efficiency of separation of rare-earth el- when manufacturing luminophor; holmium and ements with similar properties is a pressing prob- erbium are used when manufacturing ceramics lem, permitting decreasing the cost of individual and in nuclear industry. It should be noted that rare-earth elements and their oxides, and expand 38 3 Me 3DS Me(DS)3 (1) 3 Me 3DS Me(DS)3 (1) i.e. it is 0.003 M (DS- - dodecyl sulfate ion). Sodium chloride was also added to initial solution at a i.e. it is 0.003 M (DS- - dodecyl sulfate ion). Sodium chloride was also added to initial solution at a rate corresponding to the concentration of 0.01 and 0.05 mol/l. The received froth and chamber rate corresponding to the concentration of 0.01 and 0.05 mol/l. The received froth and chamber products were separated and analyzed. The froth was destroyed by using 1 М sulphuric acid. Rare- products were separated and analyzed. The froth was destroyed by using 1 М sulphuric acid. Rare- earth elements concentration wasJournal determined of Ecological by photometricEngineering Vol. method 17(2), 2016 with arsenazo III [4]; chloride earth elements concentration was determined by photometric method with arsenazo III [4]; chloride ions concentration – by mercurimetric titration method with mixed indicator (0.5 mass % of the possibility of their use.ions When concentration employing –ion by mercurimetrickov 1976]; dodecyl titration sulfate method ion concentration with mixed – by indicator (0.5 mass % of flotation high separationdiphenylcarbazide factors for rare-earth alcohol el- solutionpotentiometric and 0.05 titration mass method % of bromphenolby 0.002 М cetblue)- [5]; dodecyl sulfate ion diphenylcarbazide alcohol solution and 0.05 mass % of bromphenol blue) [5]; dodecyl sulfate ion ements are not observedconcentration [Chirkst et al.– by2009a]. potentiometric yltrimethylammonium titration method chloride by 0.002 solution М withcetyltrimethylammonium ion- chloride Studying of chloride ionsconcentration influence on – ion by flotapotentiometric- selective titration electrode, method consisting by of0.002 silver-chloride- М cetyltrimethylammonium chloride tion process is of interest.solution with ion-selective EVL-1MЗ,electrode, putconsisting into NaDS of andsilver NaCl-chloride solution,-EVL and -1MЗ, put into NaDS and solution with ion-selective electrode, consisting- of silver- -chloride-EVL-1MЗ, put into NaDS and NaCl solution, and membrane,membrane, selective selective to DS ion.to DS The ion. membrane The membrane was manufactured by Ionometry - MATERIALS AND METHODSNaCl solution, and membrane,was selectivemanufactured to DS by ion. Ionometry The membrane Laboratory was of manufactured by Ionometry Laboratory of St. PetersburgSt. Sta Petersburgte University State Department University ofDepartment Physical ofChemistry [6]. Solutions рН Laboratory of St. Petersburg State University Department of Physical Chemistry [6]. Solutions рН Ion flotation processvalue was ranges conducted from in 4 markto 9 inPhysical increments Chemistry of 0.5 [Timofeev and adjusted et al. 1978].by nitric The acid or sodium hydroxide 137 V-FL laboratory flotationvalue rangesmachine from with a4 cellto 9 invalue increments of pH solutions of 0.5 рН and value adjusted ranges fromby nitric 4 to 9 acid or sodium hydroxide of 1 dm3 for 5 minutes.solution. Chemically pure 0.001 in increments of 0.5 and adjusted by nitric acid or solution. sodium hydroxide solution. mol/l yttrium and ytterbium Metalsnitrates cationssolutions distribution coefficients between froth and chamber products were calculated Metals cations distribution coefficients be- were used as standard test solutions.Metals cationsSolution distribution coefficients between froth and chamber products were calculated by [Ме3+] concentration in thetween froth froth product and chamber relative productsto [Ме3+ were] concentration calcu- in chamber residue in volume was 200 ml. Dry sodium3+ dodecyl sulfate 3+ 3+ combining both collectorby and [Ме foaming] concentration agent prop- in latedthe froth by [Ме product] concentration relative to in [Ме the froth] concentration product in chamber residue in accordance with formula [7] 3+ erties with general formula С Н OSO Na was relative to [Ме ] concentration in chamber resi- accordance12 25 with3 formula [7]due in accordance with formula [Zolotov 2004]: used as a surfactant. Its concentration conformed Corg D C (2) to stoichiometry of the following reaction: Corg D aq (2) (2) 3 Me 3DS Me(DS)3 (1) (1) Caq and separation coefficient - and separation coefficient i.e. it is 0.003 M (DS- - dodecyli.e. itsulfate is 0.003 ion). M (DS Sodium –and dodecyl chlorideseparation sulfate wa coefficientsion). also So added- to initial solution at a dium chloride was also added to initial solution at D Me1 K rate corresponding to the concentrationa rate corresponding of 0.01 to and the concentration0.05 mol/l. Theof 0.01 received froth and chamberMe1 D (3) Me1 Me2 D K Me2 and 0.05 mol/l. The received froth and chamber Me1 (3) products were separated and analyzed. The froth was destroyed by using 1 М sulphuric acid. RareMe2 - D products were separated and analyzed. The froth In Figures 1 and 2 distributionMe2 coefficients as (3) earth elements concentrationwas was destroyed determined by usingby photometric 1 М sulphuric method acid. withRa- arsenazoa function III of[4 ];рН chloride at different sodium chloride con- re-earth elements concentrationOn wasFigs determined. 1 and 2 distributioncentrations coefficie for yttriumnts andas a ytterbium function cations of рН are at different sodium chloride ions concentration – by mercurimetric titration method with mixed indicator (0.5 mass % of by photometric method with arsenazoOn Figs .III 1 [Savinand 2 distributionshown. coefficients as a function of рН at different sodium chloride concentrations for yttrium and ytterbium cations are shown. diphenylcarbazide alcohol solution1966]; chlorideand 0.05 ions mass concentration % of bromphenol – by mercu blue)- [5]; dodecylWhen flotating sulfate ioyttriumn (III) cations in acidic rimetric titration methodconcentrations with mixed forindicator yttrium andmedium ytterbium at NaCl cations concentration are shown. of 0.01 M in the Fig. 1 Yttrium Kdistr.
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