BRITISH COLUMBIA
1334 APPROVED AND ORDERED IN 41981
IceLt-d iet. rnu1rlGu ernor
EXECUTIVE COUNCIL CHAMBERS, VICTORIA jj -4.1981
On the recommendation of the undersigned, the Lieutenant-Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Executive Council, orders that
(a) approval be given to the attached report dated September 1980, by Noranda Mines Limited - Goldstream Division, concerning a program of reclamation and conservation of land located approximately 65 kilometres north of Revelstoke, B.C. in the Columbia Valley between Mica Dam and the northern end of Arrow Lake, and relating to the issuance of Permit Number M-147 on a permanent basis; and
(b) the amount and the form of the security to be deposited with the Minister of Finance is determined at $40 000, in the form of Cash, Government of Canada or Provincial direct or guaranteed securities having a maturity of not longer than 3 years, or chartered banks', trust companies ', or credit unions' certificates of deposit where supported by an appropriate letter giving direction concerning payment of the funds to the Minister of Finance.
Minister of En ines and Petroleum Resources
Presiding Member of thr, 11
(This pan is Jur administrative purposes and is not purl of the Order.)
Authority under which Order is made:
Act and section _.... Mining Regulation Act, a. 10
Other (specify)
Statutory authority checked by ir)• J C ri /14 t1-/ -- (Stanton And typed 42 Srre/ NORANDA MINES LIMITED GOLDSTREAM DIVISION
Application for a Reclamation Permit for the Goldstream Mine
mining corporation NORANDA MINES LIMITED COLDSTREAM DIVISION
Application for a Reclamation Permit for the Coldstream Mine, Located in the Coldstream River Area, Revelstoke Mining District
September, 1980 C. M. Wiatzka, P. Eng. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1.0 SUMMARY 1 2.0 BACKGROUND 3
3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 3.1 Property Location 4 3.2 Geology 5 3.3 Mining 7 3.4 Processing 9 3.5 Infrastructure 10
4.0 DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENT 4.1 Climate 16 4.2 Geology, Landform, Soil 17 4.3 Vegetation 18 4.4 Hydrology 19 4.5 Aquatic Ecology 20 4.6 Wildlife 21 4.7 Present Land Use 22 5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION 5.1 Land Resources 23 5.2 Water Resources 25
6.0 RECLAMATION 27
7.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY 29
TABLES
1. Climatic Data for Revelstoke and Mica Dam
2. Coldstream Flow Measurements
DRAWINGS
Surface Plan(s) Development Schedule 1.0 SUMMARY
Noranda Mines Limited has confirmed the existence of a copper-zinc deposit in the Big Bend area, approximately 58 road miles north of Revelstoke, British Columbia. The deposit has been estimated to contain 4,000,000 diluted metric tons of ore grading 3.69Z copper, 2.67% zinc, and 0.56 ounces per ton of silver.
A two year development and construction program will be required to place the property in operation. Known ore reserves will maintain a production rate of 1360 metric tons per day for 8 years following production start up. Manpower requirements will peak at 250 during the pre- production period and will stabilize at 185 employees during operation:
Ore will be mined by a combination of a small open pit and a highly mechanized underground method. A concentrator will be built on site to treat the copper-zinc ores to produce two separate concentrates which will be trucked to Revelstoke for rail shipment to smelters.
After the milling process, 45% of the tailings material will be removed by cyclones to produce a backfill for hydraulic placement in the mined-out openings. The remaining tailings material will be pumped approximately 3 miles to the tailings disposal area west of Brewster Creek.
Support facilities required for the project will include access roads, hydro power development, tailings disposal and water reclamation system, water supply, accom- modation consisting of a single status campsite within three miles of the plant, and 6 to 10 houses in Revelstoke for senior staff.
Mitigation of construction and operating impacts will be achieved through the design and implementation of isolation and control features. Generally this will include for - the interception and diversion of natural water flows across active working areas - collection and holding of surface runoff from the plant site proper - minimization of land disturbances - adherence to good practice, government guidelines and regulations.
The project faces relatively minor environmental and social problems. The extent of area to be disturbed by mining activities is limited to approximately 195 acres. Every effort will he made during design and operation to minimize the project impacts on the existing environment.
The area is presently being harvested by Canadian Cellulose Ltd., under Tree Farm Licence 23. Harvesting operations are being conducted under a Resource Folio by Cancel and Forestry Service and major portions of the valley in the area of the deposit and plant site have already been cleared.
At completion of mining, reclamation will comprise of clearing and seeding of the disturbed land including the vegetation of the tailings disposal area. All indications suggest that the disturbed land can be returned to its present land use capability. 2.0 BACKGROUND
2.1 Introduction
A resource development such as the Coldstream Project affects and alters certain environmental, social, and economic conditions in the region. Thoughtful planning is therefore necessary in order to ensure that a reasonable approach is taken to the managing of land use, environ- mental, and social impacts. Noranda Mines is committed to implementing this approach for the Coldstream Project.
The Stage I report which formed the basis of this report presented an outline of the proposed development program including sections identifying major economic, environmental, and social impacts on the region. Although much of the information contained in that report was of a tentative nature, based on preliminary studies, few and minor changes are expected. The sole exception being, the use of B.C. Hydro instead of a local dam for power supply.
B.C. Research and International Environmental Consul- tants were retained by Noranda Exploration Company, Limited in 1976. B.C. Research conducted tests on ore and waste rock samples to determine their acid generation potential. I.E.C. were responsible for preparing an environmental base- line study for the Coldstream Valley, and for conducting a fish inventory and wilflife survey of the valley. 3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
3.1 Property Location & Land Tenure
The property is situated in the Columbia Valley of east central British Columbia, between the Mica Dam and the northern end of Upper Arrow Lake. The City of Revelstoke lies to the south and the Village of Mica Creek to the north.
The base metal deposit is located approximately 58 road miles north of Revelstoke, on the Coldstream River, a tributary of the Columbia River. The proposed claim boundary on the north slope and near the base of a mountain immediately to the south of the Coldstream River are shown on the appended drawings.
The Coldstream River generally flows from east to west, with its headwaters forming in the centre of the Selkirk Mountain Range. Placer mining activities were carried out on the river and its tributaries as early as the 1860's, forming the centre of the Columbia River Cold Rush. Inter- mittent mining has been carried on to this date.
With the exception of a thin strip of land along the Columbia River, the entire Coldstream area is held by Canadian Cellulose, under Tree Farm Licence 23. Currently harvesting operations are being conducted in various locations along the Coldstream. Major portions of the valley over the deposit and proposed plant site have already been cleared. 3.2 Geology
3.2.1 Geometry & Sequence
The Coldstream deposit lies within a sequence of metamorphosed and deformed sedimentary and volcanic rocks. The shape of the deposit is that of a "flattened rod" or "ruler" and although it occurs concordantly with the surrounding rock units and as a particular stratigraphic horizon, it rakes across the dip of other units.
The general sequence of rocks encountered from hangingwall to footwall is as follows; Dark Banded Phyllite, Carnet Zone, Grey Green Phyllite, Massive Sulphides, Grey Green Phyllite, and Limestone.
The "Dark Banded Phyllite" presents itself as a thick layer with the base of the formation occurring 15 to 20 metres above the ore zone. The rock is generally competent and calcareous with occasional narrow graphitic fractured zones dipping with the formation.
The "Garnet Zone" occurs as a bed conforming with the base of the bed above. It is usually sheared on the hangingwall contact, contains graphite garnets, and has a mean thickness of 12 metres.
The "Grey Green Phyllite" is an altered (sericitic) phyllite, occurring immediately in the hangingwall of the ore zone, with varying degrees of calcareous or siliceous alterations. The bed averages 53/4 - 6 metres in thickness being occasionally mineralized.
The "Massive Sulphide" bed occurs as a continuous and consistent sheet of mineralization ranging from 3/4 - 8 metres in thickness, averaging about 3 metres. A few minor crossfaults cut the ore zone with offsets of about one metre.
The "Grey Green Phyllite" which is present in the footwall of the massive bed is similar to the hangingwall sequence, however, it does contain an additional graphite band within one metre of the footwall of the ore. Its thickness varies between 4 and 8 metres.
A "Limestone" bed is the final layer associated with the footwall. The 15 metre thickness of this bed appears to be regular and competent. 3.2.2 Mineralization & Reserves
The core of the ore zone is a massive sulphide lens consisting of chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite and lesser amounts of pyrite. Adjoining the massive sulphide zones, on some occasions, are narrow bands of disseminated mineralization containing chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite, usually occurring in siliceous sericite schist.
The final calculation of the present mineral inventory, based on the surface drilling program results, indicates a total of 3,177,903 metric tons present, grading 4.49% copper, 3.24% zinc, and 0.68 opt silver.
Additional further ore potential may be present in the area. Although the east and west limits of the ore have been reasonably well defined by the 1975 surface exploration drilling, the downdip extent of the ore has yet to be determined, and has excellent potential of adding substantial tonnage.
The claims held by Noranda on the Coldstream property cover approximately 9 Km of favourable stratigraphy along strike from the ore body. While this has been traced by geophysics, no indication of another mineralized zone has been determined by geochemistry. It is very likely that geochemical response could be masked by an increase in overburden depth, particularly as occurs between the deposit and Brewster Creek. I ....
7 1 ... i 3.3 Mining
A small open pit will be developed to mine the top 50 metres of the orebody. Assuming that the ore will be removed to the footwall contact, the slope of the resulting pit wall will correspond with the existing ore (35° - 46°) range of dips. These will be safe, especially in such a relatively shallow pit.
The ore body is in the form of a thin lens with a mean width of 300 metres and a thickness which varies from 3 - 6 metres. The length that would be contained within the proposed pit is approximately 100 metres. It is proposed that the ore be mined in 10 horizontal benches, each 7.5 metres in height. A total of 360,000 metric tons (undiluted) of ore will be trucked to the concentrator, while 1,242,510 metric tons of waste (stripping ratio = 3.47:1) will be disposed. The life of the open pit operation approximately 15 operating months, plus an 8 month preparation program.
The bulk of the ore reserves (roughly 907.) will be mined by underground methods. That part of the deposit which lies above the Coldstream River Valley will be developed by adits while the ore reserves below the valley bottom will be serviced by a combination of a decline for men and material and a vertical shaft for muck removal.
The underground operation will employ a modified version of the Step - Room Mining Method. This particular method permits total mechanization of the stoping cycle, flood filling of the stop panels, and ultimate recovery exceeding 95Z. Sections or panels are mined by open benching, followed by panel filling using deslimed tailings and underground waste rock.
The total material to be removed will consist of 3,350,000 metric tons (undiluted) of ore and 600,000 metric tons of waste. Muck from both the underground stopes and open pit will be dumped into ore passes and hauled by truck to the crusher bin.
Equipment, ore storage, and crews are scheduled to meet the mill throughput of 1360 metric tons per calendar day, mining 2 shifts per day, 5 days per week. The small open pit will produce some 1,000 metric tons per calendar day for the first 15 months of production. This will permit a gradual run in of the underground section. A backfill plant will be located above the concentrator. After the second year of operation a backfill recovery assumed at 457 will yield 550 metric tons per day. The backfill will he pumped from the backfill plant to underground storage bins excavated above the 770 adit elevation. Distribution to the stoping areas will be by gravity through a drill hole system, and if necessary, pumped to the mining block above 770 metres.
Backfill water will drain to sill drifts on each stoping block where it will be collected and pumped to settling sumps prior to recycle through the backfill system. Excess water will be directed to the tailings line. 3.4 Processing
Ore that has been mined by either underground or open pit methods will be hauled to a coarse ore bin located in the rock below the 700 portal. The coarse ore will be crushed to minus 5/8" in an underground crushing plant consisting of a jaw crusher, cone crusher, vibrating screen conveyors and ancillary equipment.
The ore will then be conveyed to an underground fine ore bin and slot feeders on the bottom of the bin will withdraw the ore to feed the concentrator at a steady rate.
The 160' x 230' concentrator building will be located on the surface at approximately the 660 m level.
The primary grind will be obtained by a rod mill in an open circuit and a ball mill in closed circuit with cyclones. Copper regrind and zinc regrind mills will be used for further liberation in the circuits. This grinding circuit will produce a grind of 85% minus 200 mesh on 1360 metric tons per day.
In the flotation process a total of 7,450 ft3 of cell volume will be used. These cells will all be conventional flotation cells with the largest being 100 ft3 and the smallest being 25 ft3.
The two concentrates produced will be thickened by conventional gravity thickeners and then further dewatered by pressure filtration to 6-7% moisture.
Concentrates will be stored on covered concentrate pads from where they will he loaded by front end loader into trucks and hauled to Revelstoke for trans-shipping into rail cars (copper) or trucked directly to Trail, B.C. (zinc). 10
3.5 Infrastructure
3.5.1 Road Access
Highway 23, a paved highway, runs north from Revelstoke along the east bank of the Columbia River, a distance of 88 miles to Mica Creek. Mica Creek is the location of the latest B.C. Hydro dam to come on stream as part of the Columbia River development.
From mileage 50 on Highway 23, access to the mine is via the Forestry road. This roadway consists of 3 miles of off site access road from Highway 23'to the claim boundary and 4.6 miles of on site access road along the existing "middle road" to the plant site.
This access road has been improved and widened as a primary access road with Canadian Cellulose, the Forest Service and Noranda contributing to form a multi-use road at an elevation approximately 60 to 100 metres above the valley bottom. 11
3.5.2 Water Supply
Brewster Creek has been selected as the interim source of fresh water for the camp. Although there are no flow records available it has been assumed that there are year round flows in excess of 2 cfs. Water samples taken by I.E.C. of Vancouver indicate the water is suitable for domestic purposes. Filtration may be necessary to remove mica flakes.
Fresh water for process makeup and project domestic requirements during the life of the operation will be obtained from the Coldstream River Valley. Presently, it is assumed that water will be supplied by either;
- a wet well pumphouse with a submerged river intake located on the south bank of the river in the area directly to the north of the plant site Or - a deep well pumping station located in generally the same area but back from the stream channel.
Water will be pumped from the pumphouse to a water storage tank located in the hillside above the concen- trator. Water supply to the mill, service, and ancillary buildings will he by gravity or pumped system depending on the final location of the storage tank.
Distribution of water will be by buried piping to ensure freeze protection. The main water supply line may be an insulated pipe placed on surface provided that gravity drainage into the pumphouse sump can be attained.
Water requirements will be reduced through the use of process recycle from the tailings impoundment area. Specific quantities of recycle water can not be determined until the project has been in operation for some time. 12
3.5.3 Sewerage System
Due to the distance separating the plant site proper (mill, service, and ancillary buildings) from the single status campsite, two independent collection and treatment systems are envisaged.
At present it is proposed to treat the sanitary and domestic flows using packaged aerobic treatment plants. It is expected that the effluent from these plants will meet the Provinical requirements, and will be suitAziqe for direct discharge to the natural drainange in this area.
Based on the workforce distribution, it is proposed that the packaged sewage treatment plants will be two identical units located appropriately to suit the site topographic conditions.
Sanitary and domestic waste waters will be collected and conveyed to the treatment plants via appropriately sized gravity sewers.
In the plant site proper, the service building area at elevation 700, will be drained to a sewage treatment plant located below the concentrator area. Concentrator domestic flows will connect with the service area flows in a common junction box prior to entering the plant.
At the campsite area, domestic flows will be collected by a gravity system, if possible, and directed to the package treatment plant. The treatment plant location will be such that gravity discharge to natural drainage can be achieved. 13
3.5.4 Tailings System
The tailings system at the Coldstream property requires the movement and storage of approximately 1.65 million metric dry tons (1,030 ac. ft.) of tailings during the proposed 8 year operating life.
Presently the system as envisaged consists of; mill tailings pumps, a backfill plant/pumping station, reclaim pumphouse, tailings and reclaim pipelines, and a tailings impoundment area.
Mill tailings will be conveyed from the concentrator basement (el. 660) by two parallel pumping systems up to the site of the future backfill plant (approx el. 740). A control tank at the backfill plant will feed either a ravity tailings line draining to the tailings pond or the backfill pumping system.
The gravity tailings pipeline will follow a route parallel to the mine access road, on the uphill, south side, for as far as possible. It will then cross under the road at a convenient location to reach the west dam at el. 695. Initially the line will have a steep slope of about 7% and then a lesser slope of approximately 0.25% to the tailings pond. The pipeline will sit on a prepared base cut into the hillside. Localized cover will be placed to protect the line from minor earth and snow slides and culvert pipes will be used to protect the line at road crossings.
The proposed tailings containment area is a rectan- gular, U-shaped valley approximately 3,300 ft long and 700 ft wide. With its natural topographic relief it is well suited to the requirements for tailings impoundment. The available tailings storage area is approximately 60 acres to elevation 706.
Interception and diversion of surface water flows can be readily achieved by construction of ditches on the south side of the area. Flows to the East and North are naturally diverted from the area by Brewster Creek and the local divide.
The tailings impoundment area will require construction of two dams averaging approximately 60 to 65 feet in height. The north dam will be constructed as a water retention structure. The main west dam will be a con- trolled seepage structure. A seepage collection system and
tti 14
pumping facility will return the water back to the tailings pond. Dam construction will be staged as required to provide sufficient storage, 2 - 3 years, at any time during the life of the operation.
Water, as required, will be returned to the mill for reuse via a reclaim barge pump system. Excess water resulting from precipitation will be discharged as necessary from the inpoundrent area to natural drainage flowing to the Coldstream. The quality of the water dis- charged to the environment will be monitored on a regular basis.
1,9 15
3.5.5 Accommodation
It is anticipated that manpower requirements will peak at about 250 people during the preproduction period and stabilize at approximately 185 employees during operation.
Temporary single status accommodation will be estab- lished at the mine site for the excess construction crews during the preproduction period. Permanent single status accommodation for the 185 employees will be provided at the mine site in the area located east of Brewster Creek utilizing an area of 25,000 square feet.
The most desirable type of accommodation for operating personnel would consist of family housing units located in Revelstoke. In addition, 6 - 10 housing units may be purchased in Revelstoke for senior staff members.
pti 4.0 DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENT
4.1 Climate
Climatic data is available for Revelstoke and for Mica Dam, at elevations of about 1,500 feet and 1,900 feet respectively, and is shown in Table 1. Temperatures vary from south to north as follows: mean annual minimum, -30° to -35° F; mean annual maximum, 105° to 97° F; mean annual temperature, 45° to 40° F; annual snowfalls range from 162 inches to 290 inches, with an average annual pre- cipitation of 43 inches to 57 inches. The frost free period is. estimated at 100 days. In general terms total precipitation increases northwards and with elevation above the valley bottom.
The Coldstream Valley lies in the South Interior climatic region of the province. Maritime influences are strongest in the winter while continental influences pre- dominate in the summer, thus the climate is characterized by cold, wet winters and warm to hot summers.
In winter, freezing temperatures are the result of the southward movement of the continental Arctic air which on occasions may be forced over the Rocky Mountains. On the average, an invasion from this extremely cold air mass may be expected once a year in the South Interior region.
In summer, the eastern portion of the region receives some of the highest summer temperatures in western Canada as a result of warm continental air from the hot western plateau of the United States. Maximum monthly mean tempera- tures occur in July and August while the corresponding minima occur in December and January.
Annual precipitation is generally heavy with the majority occurring during the winter months as sncw. Each of the summer months receives roughly 2 inches of rain- fall. Snow may fall at Revelstoke during the months of October to April and at Mica Dam from September to May inclusive. The quantity of snowfall in the region between Revelstoke and Mica Dam increases rapidly with elevation; in general terms, land at an elevation of about 6,000 feet receives 60 to 120 inches per month more snowfall than Revelstoke. Depths of snow in the valley bottoms are small as compared with those that accumulate on the adjacent mountain ranges.
Prevailing winds in the area correspond to the align- ment of the Columbia Valley and are generally southeasterly in winter and northwesterly in summer. 17
4.2 Geology ,Landform, Soil
The Selkirk Mountains define the bedrock geology of the Coldstream region. The Selkirks are characterized by the presence of lower grade metamorphic rocks of Paleozoic age. Rock types occurring in significant amounts include: carbonaceous slate, phyllite, quartzite, crystalline schist and gneiss.
Three phases of surficial material occur in the Coldstream River Valley. The first phase consists of colluvial and alluvial fan materials. The extreme steepness of the Coldstream valley sides has encouraged avalanches, rock slides, and mass - wasting, thus areas of colluvial accumulation and alluvial fans have developed. Alluvial (sorted material deposited by flowing water) fans consist of unconsolidated materials, mainly sands and gravels on 0 - 50% slopes. Fans and alluvial terraces are found in the lower reaches of the Coldstream River and Old Coldstream River. These terraces are relatively flat (0 - 5%) and are terminated by an abrupt change in slope. Most of the colluvium material (material accumulated at base of slopes by processes of mass movement) in the valley occurs as a veneer less than one metre deep with very steep slopes.
The second phase is comprised of morainal materials of glacial origin. About half of this material occurs as a veneer while the other half takes the form of a blanket on the steep slopes, a terrace on a series of ridges all with a depth of at least one metre. Generally these tills are an unstratified, unconsolidated mixture of clay, silt, sand and gravel and sometimes boulders.
The third phase consists of alluvial and organic deposits. Since the end of glaciation, the Coldstream River has transported sediments and deposited them on top of outwash and lacustine material, forming a complex strati- graphy in some areas. Organic deposits have developed in the flatter poorly drained areas on recent alluvium. The Coldstream Valley contains some extensive areas of organic terrain.
The following are general comments regarding the soils of the Coldstream Valley. Orthic humo - ferric podzols predominate on colluvial and morainal deposits. These coarse textured soils have pit of about five and generally become less acid with depth. Regosols and organic soils are situated on alluvial deposits. These soils however, are not as acidic as the upland soils, thus providing higher intrinsic productivity. 18
4.3 Vegetation
Three broad vegetation patterns occur in the Coldstream drainage area. Coniferous forest vegetation, character- istic of the Interior Western Hemlock Zone, occupies the valley bottoms and lower slopes of the steep sided moun- tains to elevations of roughly 4500 feet. On higher slopes, mountain shoulders, and ridge crests, subalpine vegetation (Englemann Spruce - Subalpine Fir Zone) is dominant. Beyond the tree line (7000 - 7500 feet), the subalpine vegetation gives way to alpine vegetation (Alpine Tundra Zone) characterized by low shrub and herbaceous cover.
Several tree species occur in the Interior Western Hemlock Zone including; western hemlock, western red cedar, douglas fir, subalpine fir, cottonwood, spruce, alders and willows. Characteristic climax forest cover of this zone is dominated by western hemlock and western red cedar. Peatland habitat occupy poorly drained areas along French Creek and Coldstream River in comparatively large areas. Some of the common shrubs associated with the cedar and hemlock dominated forests include: blueberry, devils club, false azalea, elderberry, red twinberry, alders and willows.
Englemann spruce, subalpine fir, and to a lesser extent mountain hemlock characterize the mature forest cover of the Englemann spruce - Subalpine Fir Zone. At lower eleva- tions in this zone and up to approximately 6000 feet, the forest cover is continuous. With increasing elevation, snow depth and duration, the forest cover thins and trees occur in clusters. Conifers in this region support lichens, thus providing an important winter browse for caribou. Some of the shrubs associated with this zone include: huckleberry, rhododendron, false azalea, mountain ash, alder, elderberry and willows.
Tree species are absent from the alpine zone. Habitats of the zone support only low shrub cover or crowberry patches, dwarf willows, sedge, grass or herbaceous cover. Many of the alpine communities lack a closed plant cover because of unstable ground conditions and short growing season so that productivity is low. Ground surface lichens as well as bryophytes may dominate the vegetation cover in particular communities. 19
4.4 hydrology
The Coldstream River originates in the Selkirk Mountains and flows in a westerly direction to its con- fluence with the Columbia River. The total drainage area of the Coldstream River is 365 square miles.
Rapids characterize the upper reaches of the Coldstream River where Stitt Creek and Norman I:ood Creek are the main tributaries. Once rl.e river reaches the mine site, sorting and deposition of material begins as the river exhibits irregular meanders and sand bars. The principal tribu- taries in this section of tLe river include French Creek, Brewster Creek, McCulloch Creek, and Old Camp Creek. Below Old Camp Creek, Coldstream River transforms from its tranquil state to one which includes rapids and a set of waterfalls before it empties into the Columbia River.
A large portion of the basin's annual precipitation falls on high, mountainous terrain where it accumulates through the winter in extensive snowfields and glaciers. In its natural state, therefore, the Coldstream is a typical snowmelt river. Its regime is characterized by high flows from May until August and flows below the annual mean during the other eight months of the year. The natural mean monthly flows are highly variable; the magnitude and relative position of the annual peak in the hydrograph is dependent upon the rate of melting of the snow pack as well as its extent.
Data published by the Water Survey of Canada include flow measurements at Stitt Creek and at Coldstream below Old Camp Creek. From 19 years of records, the latter station which comprises a 362 square mile drainage area, has a mean annual flow of 1380 cfs, a minimum daily flow of 142 cfs, and a maximum daily flow of 15,100 cfs. 20
4.5 Aquatic Ecology
Rivers and streams, in contrast to lakes, rely to a large extent on ditrital food chains to support their inver- tebrate and fish populations. Somc primary productivity does occur in situ from small plants, such as diatoms and algae, that live on the surface of the gravels and stones in the stream bed. As a result of unstable beds, changing currents, turbulence, turbidity and shading, flowing water systems depend primarily on leaves, twigs, branches, logs and other terrestrial material to provide food for stream invertebrates.
Secondary productivity was determined by Surber sampling of aquatic insects in stream gravels. Results of field work completed by International Environmental Consultants Ltd. during 1976.
Data compiled for B.C. Hydro's Revelstoke Project also included Surber sampling of the Coldstream River. Two stations were established - one located near the mouth of McCulloch Creek and one between McCulloch Creek and Old Camp Creek. The results compiled for B.C. Hydro indicate that Coldstream River is moderately productive.
B.C. Hydro also had a water quality station located at the mouth of the Coldstream River. Water chemistry param- eters and corresponding concentrations were as follow:
Total Dissolved Solids 102 - 120 ppm Total Suspended Solids 23 - 15 ppm pH 7.4 - 7.7 Colour 4 - 16 Hardness 65 - 66 ppm Nitrates 0.2 ppm Phosphates 0.2 ppm Alkalinity 60 - 63 ppm Calcium 26 ppm
I.E.C. (International Environmental Consultants) carried out an inventory on Fish in the Coldstream, and indentified yellowstone cutthroat trout and mountain white- fish. E.R.C. and Canadian Cellulose make mention of obser- vations of both these fish. Due to the migration blocks only 8000 sq. metres of Coldstream River habitat is available to fish from the Columbia. Resident fish have the remaining 210,000 square metres of stream habitat above the falls. 21
4.6 Wildlife
Due to the complex nature of habitat of the area, the Coldstream Valley supports a good variety of mammals and resident migratory birds, none of which are considered as rare or endangered species.
ungulates occuring in the Coldstream Valley include moose, caribou and mountain goats. Large mammals in the area include grizzly and black bears. The Coldstream valley bottonlands below the confluence of Coldstream River and Stitt Creek as well as portions of Old Coldstream River have slight limitations to the production of ungulates and are an important winter range for moose; snow depth is the major limiting factor. Caribou habitat is situated in the Brewster Creek, Old Camp Creek, McCulloch Creek and western French Creek drainages mainly above the 5000 foot elevation level. The northern ex- posures with moderate slopes serve as the most important winter range areas. Ungulate movement across Coldstream drainage occurs mainly along the ridge between the McCulloch and French Creeks, across the Coldstream River and up Brewster Creek.
Several dominant factors influence the suitability of wildlife habitat in this area. Climatically, it is situated in the Interior Wet Belt, or Columbia Rain Forest where heavy snow accumulation and abundant summer rainfall are common. The topography is rugged with U - shaped glaciated valleys originating in the ice or snowfields and traversing alpine, subalpine and finally conifer forests. Repeated snow avalances on steep sided valleys clear tracts of forest vegetation and its heavy underbrush. Such harsh conditions favour species such as moose, caribou and grizzly bear while restricting deer, ruffled grouse and coyote.
Waterfowl use the area primarily for staging and nesting. Habitat selected for these purposes include the margins of slow moving stream, small ponds or lakes offering cover and producing aquatic vegetation. The Coldstream River contains 148.0 acres of lake, 835.2 acres of swamp, and 183.2 acres of tree swamp among its total acreage of 1166.4. On the area surveyed by Entech in 1975, their report concluded: "the most extensive and highly populated marshes occur above the zone of influence in the upper reaches of the Coldstream River, Old Coldstream and Downie Creek". 22
4.7 Present Land Use
Land use in the valley is dominated by commercial forestry. Mineral exploration and placer gold mining are the primary activities of the area. Outdoor recreation activities occur but to a limited extent while agricultural activities are nonexistent.
The Coldstream valley is held under Tree Farm License 23 by Canadian Cellulose. Until recently Can Cel logged the areas adjacent to the Coldstream River; however, a government stop order has restricted the use of the "lower road" for planned forest extraction programs. Can Cel is presently harvesting from the upper and middle roads.
Aside from Noranda's presence, mining activity in the area takes the form of placer gold mining on French and McCulloch Creeks. Only several individuals are involved.
Hunting activities between Revelstoke and Mica Creek are primarily pursued in the side valleys of the Columbia. Local residents indicate that the Coldstream provides one of the most accessible wildlife habitat and hunting areas in the Revelstoke region. Moose is the primary big game species pursued, with only small harvests of caribou and minimal hunting of waterfowl. In the last few years, the moose harvest has fallen below average which may indicate that the moose population is being over harvested. A local outfitting operation hunts in the Coldstream Valley, while the status of trapping is not known at this time.
Non-consumptive wildlife users in Revelstoke likely devote much of their interest to the Coldstream drainage as there is relatively easy access and moderate quantities of game. At present no reasonable methodology exists to estimate the social value of these non-consumptive wildlife activities. The users are likely comprised of area resi- dents with a smaller tourist component.
Anglers have reported a lightly utilized fishery for Yellowstone cutthroat trout in the Coldstream River system. The main fishing in the Revelstoke area is done in the Arrow Reservoir where rainbow trout, Dolly Varden and Kokanee are caught.
The final aspect of land use of significance is the fact that Highway 23 is supported by borrow pits and a main- tenance establishment in the Old Coldstream channel. 23
5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION
5.1 Land Resources
Generally speaking, well over 50% of the land required for the mining operation was already cleared of trees by CanCel harvest operations. In those areas that have not yet been cleared, cut blocks can be planned to coincide with mine requirements.
The primary access road will be built regardless of whether the project proceeds or not. In fact, the primary access road will be an improvement on the existing road. Exclusive of tree clearing and the construction of the primary access road the following land distrubances will be caused by the project:
Acres Facility Components Subtotal
Plant Roads, Yards 30 Open Pit - Mining 15 - Waste Disposal 20 55 - Roads 20 Camp - • 20 Tailings Disposal - 90 Taal- 1-93
The topographic changes of the mining related activities will alter wildlife habitat by removing vegeta- tion cover and forcing resident species to vacate this part (195 acres) of their accustomed range for 12 - 15 years. The relocation process increases densities on adjacent ranges which in turn increases pressure on available food sources. This situation inevitably results in a reduction of animal populations during a critical period of the year, usually the winter season. However, since only a very small portion of land in the valley will be altered, it appears that the impact on indigenous wildlife habitat and movement will not be significant.
There is concern that topographical changes will detract from the natural beauty of the area until reclamation has been completed. However, due to the limited size of the project and the individually separate locations of the various components, ie. tailings area (70 acres) 3 miles from plant site, campsite (20 acres) 2 miles from plant site etc., no single large disturbance will be present. Furthermore, the mine location is well removed 24
from major population centres thus, exposure of the area to individuals who find such sites aesthetically objectionable is minimized.
To reduce the impacts of the preproduction phase on moose, bears, and other indigenous species, slash and debris from clearing operations will he removed from streams and stream banks. Solid wastes will be burned or buried daily at a disposal site remote from the camp.
It is recognized that there will be a greater risk of forest fires in the area due to mining activities, access roads, and accumulations of slash and other fuels. To reduce this risk, care will be taken to ensure that adequate fire breaks exist between all building areas and the surrounding forest. Fire protection systems will also be constructed at the sites.
Other areas that are currently being addressed include minimizing the potential for increased dust, minor plant emissions, vehicular emissions, and noise.
Locating the crushing and screening facility underground will ensure the minimal production of dust, noise, and other emissions from this source. Dust potential from overburden removal and vehicular movement during extended dry periods would be minimized by using a watering truck as necessary.
Mill operation is a typical wet circuit with minimal dust potential while ore feed from the fine ore bin will be at a 4% to 6% moisture content.
All vehicles used on site will be serviced regulary to ensure that their noise and exhaust emission control systems are operating as required. Due to the limited size of the project neither noise nor emissions will be excessive.
A total volume of 600,000 metric tons of waste rock (1.67 metric tons/cubic metre) will be placed in dumps with a dump face height not exceeding 15 metres. These dumps will have a 14° positive slope on the existing 22° hillside slope. Because of the coarse and competent nature of the waste rock, no sliding is anticipated. The overburden dump, comprising 160,000 cubic metres, will be skirted with rock dumps in order to prevent excessive erosion and slumping. 25
5.2 Water Resources
Environmentally, the main concern of the Coldstream operation will be with the discharge of excess water from the tailings impoundment area. Test results completed indicate there exists potential for acidification due to the presence of pyrrhotite.
B.C. Research analyzed the acid generation potential of various rock samples and confirmed that the ore zone has potential for acid generation whereas a representative sample of the waste from the hangingwall will not generate acid and will not likely cause problems of disposal or when used in dam and road construction. B.C. Research recommended that in disposing of potentially acid producing waste, the following precautions should be taken: - Avoid use of material in construction. - Dump in an area where runoff may he collected and treated if necessary. - Design waste dumps to minimize conditions favouring leaching (ie. minimize the water and air access). - Institute a regular monitoring program to detect potential acidic drainage.
To ensure the maximum environmental protection against the possibility of acid water discharge, the above recommendations as well as the following precautions will be incorporated in the mill and tailings system operations.
Tailings water will he neutralized by the addition of a lime solution to the tailings at the mill pumpbox. The quantity of lime addition will be such as to maintain an alkaline condition in the tailings impoundment area. Due to this alkaline condition and the natural retention time of the tailings pond it is expected that the excess water discharged from the impoundment will not be detrimental to the environment.
The tailings impoundment area will be enclosed by a water tight dam on the north and a controlled seepage dam on the west. In addition, a seepage dyke will be constructed downstream of the west dam. Water contained by this .iyke may be pumped back into the main pond. In order to conserve water and minimize discharge, water reclaimed from the main pond will maximized. 26
To minimize the impact of surface activities, suitable erosion control features will be constructed to prevent silt from reaching watercourses. Drainage and diversion ditches will be designed for minimal water velocities. Generally diversion ditches will be constructed above the open pit, on the uphill side of the campsite, and above the service areas and the mill concentrator area.
As pointed out by the I.E.C. investigation, adit drainage water will not pose a problem provided that settling ponds are employed. Discharge to the local drainage is then possible if desired during operation.
Sewage treatment plant effluent and waste disposal procedures will meet government regulatory requirements. Storage and transfer sites for fuels and toxic chemicals will be dyked in order to contain minor spills that may occur.
The equipment service area will comprise of a workshop, warehouse, and service areas for repairs and overhauls. A major concern at this location will be the disposal of waste oil, lubricants, and industrial chemicals. Water drainage systems will be designed and constructed such that these materials will be intercepted, collected and held for controlled disposal. Preferably a disposal pit will be used where holding tanks can be discharged and the residue flared off or otherwise disposed.
Water quality monitoring activities will have two objectives: - to ensure compliance with environmental guidelines to achieve the intended objectives, and - to determine actual project impacts.
Monitoring during the construction and operation phases of the project will be performed in co-ordination with project engineering and administration staff. Government agencies with statutory responsibilities will be informed and involved in the development of the various programs as necessary. 27
6.0 Reclamation
The Goldstream Project will principally be an under- ground operation with relatively little surface exposure. The underground mine, small open pit, waste dumps, tailings disposal area, and company buildings will form the bulk of environmental change. Care will be taken to minimize disruption to land and ecological balances as well as mitigate impacts from operating activities. With the use of proper reclamation techniques t abandonment it should be possible to restore the dist ed land to its current status.
Reclamation procedures will take the form of planned conservation, impact mitigation, research and experimental revegetation. Conservation efforts will be directed toward minimizing the extent and area of land disturbed as well as conserving excavated materials which may be reused at abandonment. Impact mitigation during operations will generally be performed as outlined in Section 5 of this application. Reclamation and revegetation will generally oe as described in the following paragraphs.
Initial reclamation may begin 2 to 3 years into the operation phase of the project. At this time open pit mining will have been exhausted and the pit and waste dumps will be stablized and revegetated. Observations from these areas will provide an excellent means of assessing the nature of reclamation efforts required in the Goldstream Valley many years before the termination of the project.
The objectives of this initial reclamation-revegetation program will be to;
provide effective erosion control, contribute significantly to prevention of chemical pollution potential, improve the aesthetics of the area, return the land to its past use, provide site observations and experience to aid the development of the final site abandonment plan.
Research efforts will consist of experimental revegetation conducted on test plots of tailings material with the objective of determining the optimum mixture of fertilizer, grasses and legumes. Native species will he used wherever possible to produce results compatible with 28
the natural surroundings. This test work will take place several years before the tailings area has reached its ultimate capacity and should result in the development of an effective abandonment plan.
At the completion of the operation, abandonment and reclamation will consist of sealing the ad its, dismantling and removal of the buildings, and clearing of the plant and camp sites. Machinery, equipment, and scrap will he removed from the site and the remaining concrete foundations and slabs will be covered .end revegetated to the degree practical.
The tailings pond will be drained abandonment and the remaining solius will be graded and revegetated. The desired objective will be to maximize controlled surface runoff from this area with minimum potential for infiltration into the contained tailings mass. Existing interception ditches will continue to divert major surface flows from the area. Surface grading will be designed such that precipitation on the area will not be impounded. Slopes and grades will be designed to minimize scour and maximize stability. The revegetation program for the area will be based on the results of the research test work and the previous pit and dump revegetatiou programs. It is expected that the results of the reclamation program will meet with governments requirement and will fulfill the environmental goals and commitments of the company. 29
BIBLIOCRAPHY
1. "Revelstoke Project Environmental Impact Statement", May 1979 - by B.C. Hydro & Power. Authority
2. "Coldstream Resource Folio", July 1975 - by Canadian Cellulose Limited
3. "Revelstoke Project Socio - Economic and Land Use Impacts", May 1976 - by Canadian Resourcccon Ltd. - Sigma Resource Consultants Ltd. - Suzanne Veit & Associates Ltd. - Urban Program Planners
4. "Revelstoke Project: Environmental Croup II Studies", May 1976 - by Environmental Research Consultants Ltd.
5. "Coldstream Project Prospectus", January 1977 - by Noranda Exploration Co.
6. "Coldstream Project Economic Evaluation and Feasibility Report", January 1977
7. "Coldstream River Fish Inventory (1977)" - International Environmental Consultants
8. "Preliminary Report on Wildlife Investigations in the Coldstream River (1979)" - International Environmental Consultants
9. "Preoperational Monitoring and Biological Inventory of the Coldstream River Copper-Zinc Deposit near Revelstoke, B.C., March 1977 by International Environmental Consultants
10. "Acid Production Potential of Rock Samples from the Coldstream Prospect" - by B.C. Research Norando Mines lim4ted • PO. Box 45 Commerce Court West Toronto, Ont., Canoda M5L 186
norandc (416) 867-7111
COLDSTREAM DIVISION
January 23, 1981.
Province of British Columbia Department of Energy, Minesr Petroleum Resources, 105-525 Superior Street, / Victoria, B.C. V8V 1X4
Attn: Mr. J. D. McDonald, P. Eng. Senior Reclamation Inspector
RE: Coldstream, Permit Application Reclamation
Dear Sir:
Enclosed please find seven (7) copies of the "Application for a Reclamation Permit for the Coldstream Yine".
Please note that the following appendix data has been added to the report:
1.0 Typical Revegetation Program 2.0 Climatic Tables 3.0 Site Plans 4.0 Development Schedule
I hope the document meets with your requirements and approval can be received as soon as possible.
Yours very truly,
q610,(0.x.p4f C. M. Wiatzka, P. Eng.
Ilw Enc.
cc. J. B. Smith F. Frantisak EXAMPLE PROGRAM
The following -method of evaluation has been developed through a 5-year research program with the University of Cuelph in Ontario, Canada:
Year 1 Collect the waste sample to a depth of 6-8 inches to fill two-5 gallon pails. Several samples are taken randomly from the sites to be revegetated. The number of samples taken will depend on the size of the area to be revegetated.
In a controlled growth room each sample is split into test pots. In each pot several species, different application rates of fertilizer and agricultural limestone are tested.
The test results will allow "mapping" of the vegetation requirements for the site.
Year 2-3 Conduct a small field application to confirm the laboratory growth results.
Year 3-4 Implement the final revegetation program in stages to prevent large scale failure due to "acts of Cod", i.e. drought, floods, or other unforeseen events.
A minimum of two years is required to develop the vegetation requirements and to conduct the first field tests for each waste area to be vegetated. Depending on the size of the area and the difficulties encountered, full scale implementation could occur 3 to 4 years after the initiation of the first test work. An example is given below of what an initial laboratory test might include for a particular sample.
Sample 00-Assay Species: Birdsfoot Trefoil
Agric. Limestone DDT. NO. Tons /Acre 1 0 2 20 3 40 4 6n 5 80 6 100 -2-
Fertilizer types will be tested that are suitable for this area. For example, Eastern mines have used 5-20-20 at rates varying from'750 to 1500 lbs/acre with additional phosphorus (0-46-0) of 1000 to 2000 lbs/acre. The test is repeated for each plant species assayed. After three to six months the growth tissue is cut and weighed for each pot. From this information species selection and rates of application for limestone and fertilizer are determined that will yield acceptable levels of plant growth in the field. Plant species typically tested are: Legumes: Birdsfoot Trefoil, Sain Foin, White Clover, Milk Vetch. Grasses: Possibly, orchardgrass, timothy, western yarrow. --,.....,---...... ---wom -..... TABLE 1 • • CLIMATIC DATA ]OR REVELSTOKE AND MICA DAM • . MICA DAM - El. 1900 REVELSTOKE - El. 1497 (7 years of record) (66 yoars.of.rocord at Rovolstoke + 3 yrs. at Revolatoke Airport) mean extreme extreme mean extreme extrema Month daily maximum minimum Precipitation daily maxim= minimuz Precipitation Snowfall Z8T M5. tce)135. (inches) 'ZICI5. Z835. Zgcrn5- (i=n ) ti.=l January -10.4 5.0 -33.9 8.1 76.2 -5.9 10.6 -34.4 5.8 49.4 February - 5.3 6.7 -23.3 6.0 47.4 -1.8 12.8 -32.2 4.1 31.1
March - 1.3 12.8 -23.3 5.1 31.0 .1.9 22.2 -22.2 2.9 10.5 Aril 3.5 18.3 - 8.3 3.3 3.3 7.2 .28.3 -15.0 2.0 1.0
Mey 9.3 27.8 -.3.9 2.2 Trace. 12.8 37.2 - 6.7 2.1 Trace June •14.5 35.6 0.0 2.4 - 0.0 16.4 36.7 - 1.7 2.8 0.0 Jul, - 17.1 36.1 3.3 2.2 0.0 19.4 - 40.6 0.6 2.1 0.0 August 15.8 35.0 2.8. 2.9 . 0.0 18.2 38.3 - 6.1 2.2 0.0 Septembor 11.4 28.9 - 2.8 2.7 1.4 13.7 37.2 - 6.7 2.8 0.0 October 4.9 18.3 - 5.6 6.1 3.8 7.0 25.6 -12.2 _4.0 1.3 November - 2.1 9.4 -19.4 7.3 45.0 0.8 15.0 -22.8 4.8 19.2 December - 7.2 3.3 -37.2 9.0 81.8 - 3.6 17.2 -32.8 5.7 42.5 Annual - - - 57.3 289.9 - - - 41.3 155.0 •Environmental Research "onsultants, "Revelstoke Project:Environmental Group TT Studies"May/76 ME NE . NIL feA ha iiik Ga. ILI 1.;;I 11.1. ha it lit ,
TABLE 2
STITT CREEK. AT THE MOUTH
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MEAN DISCHARGES IN CFS
2 JAN. FEB. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. MEAN
74 15.8 16.3 17.2 65.0 606 634 974 882 500 143 60.2 35.7 329
'5 39.5 22.4 15.7 22.0 242 704 825 375 191 109 99.5 20.5 222
6 36.7 25.6 23.2 73.0 209 978 1130 684 301 117 58.5 36.0 3C5
a 30.7 21.4 18.7 53.3 352 772 976 647 331 123 72.7 30.7 286 1 //1///1.. f. P2,41//7• AZIA o SCAM: /0 COO
1 GOIDSMEAM_./.'111r,e14)t
w - G50 ./10.4741'
Sef.ef.".4:( .re///..7fi, • 9) 4/IldeS/04/ Lw-cwes / 700 ecurAz -7-7/=.111 /-Gette.ey ACCESS ,e0.4.5../
__._ .-• \NI L-7.;:/zhvG,5•144".f .------8.4Ce."-/L1 _\ . ... —4'E:7441M /WEE' LAVE IVA rEe .570.CAGE-1 ; 770 eVEZIIL -
...drAncc/a- sTAT/001,/
850 ofT41
• (OPEN in/1- - _ .4.CE.d1
Neves Se.heif.4ccr 'EWA/0/w erwe.toc4wcy 7:4/1/41G'S 1/WE . -42/i/E,E,NS/04/0/1-civES 1104/40 hil,"Oe44/041E01/7 2).'0C•11 44,-. .eemv...cr _.....,-----.-:____ . ...• /4',/e1:42477061 .0/SCeSiel.e64"
l5ca N
e 1\...,()CATION MAP J
I or.c.sn..7z40 NORANDA MINES LTD. Pet:later GOLDSTREAM DIVISION
Location & Site Plan Mine & Plant Area A.;/vI7 (Sheet 1 of 2) "'" ", 1 V All Jti, :. MAN V2 0, 2 --1 CAMP se 7A/Z/NG S /All'oem.C//7„..r/./1" A.E.SA SCALE. / /0,00o
Goi.0544-444-7 ?Cif/4:C
G
45t,tle ;vs/Z:4' Ciee2:4" A'A Cot'A GE" ,..Sert/Ace 7342:41ZegeNt f'!4.ir 2500
--7EXCZUS_JVAle...4' 0/SC#1,4,4'64"
(11 700
•. \ L/Ne /P-ECZAmi evArze thre •
c-,4 ?v.° F:ez styP414f,
.0/Pc/e /-exer.STRY ACCESS ROAD I .
if41- ■ ,850- 85o
t"Ik3%..6 LOCATION MAP 01 4 \ Got c.sr,emAnd NORANDA MINES LTD.. GOLDSTREAM DIVISION Oi.‘?
• Location & Site Plan
, Camo & Tailing Area A.Asit.Tos nv. cis st'ke . (Sheet 2 of 2) 4 r NI Mil all al 8111 all AIL I& IIL NIL a&
GOLDSTREAM-SITE SCHEDULE
Series ACTIVITIES 1981 1982 JFMAMJJAS ND JFMAMJJASO
100 Access Road - Gravel r'771 Water Supply ear= Power - Site Dist. - Substation ..,„„,„4,1„.„ •Communications ri; 4411.11 Sewage =..1 Site Drainage
200 Power Line (B.C.H.) Millillob O..% .7,14 •
300 Camp Site Grading =''M Sewer, Water 7' Dormitories - Temp. - Perm. Kitchen CU Recreation 400 Service Building Carp. Shop I= Cold Warehouse C211 Oil Storage .- Powder Mag., Fuse Vent Bldg. .0411:04- Temp. Power
500 Concentrator - Fdns. 1======- Structure ======- Equipment - Mech. Elect. - Instrument 11....1 ea./ kJ, Imo& INN Lis4 Loa alma irk AA Ail :at Ali MI di MS MB 4,
GOLDSTREAM-SITE SCHEDULE
Series ACTIVITIES 1981 1982 JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASO
550 Tailings - Dam Prep. WOMINOWAIOWW - Diversion ...... - Dam Const. - Line fr...... ma Reclaim Line *row. 1==11 700 Underground Install. - Compressors - Air Receiver •••••• ...W. - Crusher Sta. - Conveyor 1 & 2 - Ore Bin P•r"---1 - Pumps IC3== - Ventilation t=c=o - Portal Gallery -woo, 800 Underground Devel. " „...... - 655 Level • --...ILV.--=La - 700 Level - 770 Level "p.m ,...... •1111.111~.1.011 14;1111•111~111, - 845 Level 850 Open Pit - Diversion - Topsoil Strip C3 - Dump Prep. . - Overburden ei4.4....mwo...,d. —. Waste Strip •
_J.