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Harrisgavin 1999.Pdf THE UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY Copyright and use of this thesis This thesis must be used in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. Reproduction of material protected by copyright may be an infringement of copyright and copyright owners may be entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. Section 51 (2) of the Copyright Act permits an authorized officer of a university library or archives to provide a copy (by communication or otherwise) of an unpublished thesis kept in the library or archives, to a person who satisfies the authorized officer that he or she requires the reproduction for the purposes of research or study. The Copyright Act grants the creator of a work a number of moral rights, specifically the right of attribution, the right against false attribution and the right of integrity. You may infringe the author’s moral rights if you: - fail to acknowledge the author of this thesis if you quote sections from the work - attribute this thesis to another author -subject this thesis to derogatory treatment which may prejudice the author’s reputation For further information contact the University’s Copyright Service. sydney.edu.au/copyright HETERONORM ATI VITY & ITS DISCONTENTS: TOWARDS A CULTURAL HISTORY OF METROPOLITAN GENDER & SEXUAL DISSIDENCE by Gavin Harris PART B A thesis submitted to fulfil the requirements of the degree Doctor of Philosophy Department of Fine Arts University of Sydney November 1999 (c) Harris, G 1999 CONTENTS PART A SECTION I Introduction Chapter 1 Homosexuality: A Defile For The Problematic Of Modern Life 14 Chapter 2 Sex, Love & Intimacy In An Age Of Reflexivity 37 SECTION II Introduction Chapter 3 "At Least We Could Dance Together...": London, Berlin & Paris (1890-1945) 62 Chapter 4 Fairies, Queers & Gays: Sexual Dissidence In The USA (1890-1980) 77 Chapter 5 Secret Dotted Lines: Some Characteristic Arts Of Resistance 104 SECTION III Introduction Chapter 6 "But We Never Discussed It": Sydney's Perverts & Sissies (1890-1945) 134 Chapter 7 "Camp As A Row Of Tents": Sydney's Closet Economy (1940s-1970) 162 Chapter 8 "It's OK To Be A Man & Be Gay": Sydney's Liberation Economy (1970-1980) 191 Chapter 9 Modelling The Sydney Gay & Lesbian Mardi Gras (1978-1998) 211 CONCLUSION 224 PART B Appendix A The NSW Laws Against Men's Same Sex Activity 227 Appendix B The Events Of 1978 229 References Manuscripts, Videos, Newspapers and Magazines, Books & Articles 244 Endnotes 298 The Figures 427 APPENDIX 1 THE NSW LAWS AGAINST MEN'S SAME SEX ACTIVITY 1 861 Unnatural Offences Whosoever commits the abominable crime of buggery, or bestiality, with mankind, or with any animal, shall be liable to penal servitude for life or any term not less that five years Whosoever attempts to commit the said abominable crime, or assaults any person with intent to commit the same, shall be liable to penal servitude for five years. Whosoever commits an indecent assault upon a male person of whatever age shall be liable to penal servitude for five years. 1883 ACT WHICH GETS INCORPORATED INTO THE NSW CRIMES ACT '1900) AS SECTIONS 79, 80 & 81 Unnatural Offences 79 Whosoever commits the abominable crime of buggery, or bestiality, with mankind, or with any animal, shall be liable to penal servitude for life or any term not less that five years 80 Whosoever attempts to commit the said abominable crime, or assaults any person with intent to commit the same, shall be liable to penal servitude for five years. 81 Whosoever commits an indecent assault upon a male person of whatever age, with or without the consent of such person, shall be liable to penal servitude for five years. Unnatural Offences: after 1951 amendment 79 Whosoever commits the abominable crime of buggery, or bestiality, with mankind, or with any animal, shall be liable to penal servitude for life or any term not less that five years 80 Whosoever attempts to commit the said abominable crime, or assaults any person with intent to commit the same, with or without the consent of such person, shall be liable to penal servitude for five years. 81 Whosoever commits an indecent assault upon a male person of whatever age, with or without the consent of such person, shall be liable to penal servitude for five years. Unnatural Offences: after 1953 amendment 79 Whosoever commits the abominable crime of buggery, or bestiality, with mankind, or with any animal, shall be liable to penal servitude for life or any term not less that five years 80 Whosoever attempts to commit the said abominable crime, or assaults any person with intent to commit the same, with or without the consent of such person, shall be liable to penal servitude for five years. 81 Whosoever commits an idecent assault upon a male person of whatever age, with or without the consent of such person, shall be liable to penal servitude for five years. 81a Whosoever, being a male person, in public or private, commits, or is party to the commisssion of, or procures or attempts to procure the commission by any male person of, any act of indecency with another male person shall be liable to imprisionment for two years Heieronormalivity & Its Discontents Gavin Harris 227 81b (1) Whosoever, being a male person, in any public place - (a) solicits or incites; or (b) attempts to solicit or incite in any manner whatsoever any male person to commit or to be a party to the commission of any offence under section 79, 80 or 81a of this Act shall be liable to imprisonment for twelve months. (2) A person shall not be convicted of an offence under this section upon the testimony of one witness only, unless the testimony is corroborated by some other material evidence implicating the accused in the commission of the offence (3) This section does not exempt any person from any proceeding from an offence which is punishable at common law, but so that no person shall be punished twice for the same offence. (4) An offence under this section shall not be prosecuted and punished under the Crimes Prevention Act 1916 What does this imply? Hctcronormativity & Its Discontents Gavin Harris 2 2 8 APPENDIX II THE EVENTS OF 1978 International Gay Soldarity Day On Friday 23 June, the faithful attended a fund-raising dance at Petersham Town Hall, where Sheila' played live women's music to launch Sydney's first International Gay Solidarity Day. The next morning's Weekend Australian published the first articles in its "Homosexuality in our Society" series in which Amanda Wilson argued that Australian gays had never shown such militant unity. She attributed this to The National Front, to Anita Bryant's Dade County offensive, to Briggs's Initiative, to Mary Whitehouse's imminent arrival, to the police interrogations after the recent Newcastle murder and to the police's intimidating presence in the Oxford Street bars. Wilson interviewed Garry Bennett who, speaking for GSG, urged people to dress up for the mardi gras, so that they might "come out" more readily. She quoted Bennett, "[w]e've discussed possible violence at the mardu gras (sic) and we are aware that it could happen, but we hope the fact that we have police approval will defer anyone who comes along to disrupt us. Just in case though, we will have legal representatives there as well" (WA Mag 24-25 June 1978 pi). Bennett also discussed the street party's other aims. Setting off at 10.30 pm to catch the disco crowd, it would lure gay men out of the ghetto's "demoralising and alienating" bars and raise funds for the next National Homosexual Conference. Their morning demonstration was a spirited affair. A motley crew gathered and there was a lot of animosity. Some people resented the socialist groups, others objected to the women's overalls, others hated the Jewish contingent's Israeli flag, others hated Acceptance, the Catholic support group. And, while some people were excited about the impending mardi gras, others didn't care less. Terry Batterham and John Pierce went ahead on rollerskates, to see what the police were up to. Acceptance's Volkswagen Combivan led the way: decked in balloons, crepe bunting and a large "GAY RIGHTS ARE HUMAN RIGHTS" sign. Everyone else got behind their big banners: "Gay Solidarity Group REPEAL ALL ANTI-HOMOSEXUAL LAWS END POLICE HARASSMENT OF HOMOSEXUALS", "BAN DISCRIMINATION AGAINST HOMOSEXUALS” and "LESBIANS & HOMOSEXUALS DEMAND THE RIGHT TO WORK". They marched from Town Hall to Martin Place (Figure 9.4) where they sat around the Cenotaph singing and chanting: "Everyone Can Be A Lesbian", "Sing If You're Glad To Be Gay", "Learn To Love Your Homosexuality" and "Bi- Bi- Sexual". Margaret Lyons and Craig Johnston staged a clinch to confound the Special Branch photographers. One woman objected to an "S/M, the sport of men" banner. Another chanted, "remember women raped in war", and, leaping onto the Cenotaph, hurled some commemorative flowers. The police chased her and Sydney saw their "antics" on the television news. That afternoon, they gathered at Paddington Town Hall to discuss the international movement. Altman spoke on Europe's homosexual groups, Blazey reported on Mary Whitehouse's attack on the blasphemous Gay News, Davis spoke on the history of the modern gay movement, Gowland spoke on Hcleronormalivily & Ils Discontents Gavin Harris 229 Chilean gays, Brian McGahen spoke on Cuban gays, McMann reported on lesbianism in Australia and Lesley Podesta spoke on American and Canadian gay politics. A leatherman reported that one of the woman organisers had "put shit" on his S/M banner and had discriminated against his sexuality.
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