lNDll~ HOSTILITIES. 143

CHAPTER VII. INDIAN HOSTILITIES.

RDS I DIANS-KILLING OF MANGUS - PERSONAL OHARACTERISTICS OF Ol-ORADo-KILLING OF MR. WHITE ~ OI'HElRS - OUTRAGES ON THE INDIANS--­ OF COCHISE AS CHIEF-HIS VOW- BY OCHISE - MAJOR MCCLEVE'S Ex­ TY WITH INDIANS BY COM­ JOHN T. USHER-ATTACK ON T. HAYDEN'S TRAIN-CAPTAIN T. _U,~'S CAMPAIGN-8'AMUEL BUTTElli­ EXPERIENCE WITH INDIANS. prevailed at this time among the ...... v~ ..... that the only way to effect a eace, was by the slaughter {}·f every of bearing· arms. Lieutenant ---...... "';u that they were as venomous as and should be treated accordingly. rleron issued orders that no buck en prisoner but that the women and be spared. ?f January, 1863, ·according to the pt, Captain Shirland was de­ twenty men of his, company, with .ufl'Q_lPl"~n at once ill advance of the main WId Mangus Colorado, known to be bo.rhood of Pinos Altos. Captain gIv~n ~iscretionary o.rders, either . e chIef In fair fight, or to get pos- o .f<>dY by strategy. Mangus 0010- 1 ed to visit Fort McLane for the 144 HISTORY OF . purpose of making a treaty and ents. Captain Shirland returned to the 17th, accompanied by Mangus four .of his chiefs. The statement is condensed f'rom the Fish man of which Mr. Fish states he ,·fJ.f·<"..,. ... Cooley, an old scout, and Captain ren, who was .a member of the " ,·r,, __ ~ teers, both .of whom were present at Lane at the time the following . occurred. Mangusc.ame in all the pomp of a chief, gaudily painted in vermilion and dec.orated with feathers and ments. Ai:ter a long talk with .u~.,• .u.lti ,UI officers assembled, he was t.old that der .of his days would be spent as a . the itands of the Government aU"L1VL ... ~ his family would be ,permitted to join they would be well treated. He was that upon making any attempt t.o would be immediately forfeited. night the sentry purpos,ely unfastened door, and about one o'clock in the the 18th, placed his bayonet in the it red hot, and then stuck it bare backs of the rado and the ,chiefs with victims jumped, and availed ".ll~~'~­ means of escape offered by the door and they were deliberately shot do~.L.. diers, who had been stationed ()utsluv 'purpose. The officers reported that dians, after making several a ttternp,s were shot do,VIl. Mangus Colorado s INDIAN HOSTILITIES. 145 h' body by a surgeon, the brain from t l~d weighed and it was f.ound n Olla ~easured l~rger than that of bfa t r and the brain was o£~ corres· e ~. ~t' The skull was sent to Wash­ 'dC?g ~w on exhibit in the Smithsonian an ~hY was the story of Captain War­ b also stated that the killing of Mangus o wa regarded as absolutely necessary to uppress the savages. . . . E. Conner, the last survIvmg me~lber alker Party, to which reference WIll be this history progresses, gives the fol­ account of the capture of Mangus. Mr. wa the historian of the Walker Party, at the time a full account .of their ad­ which he has preserved to the present ccording to Mr, Oonner, the Walker a encamped ·on a grassy plain at old ...... "' .. .-.1.11::, where they were herding and rest­ tock. About fifteen miles from their m a dividing mountain range was located headquarters- of some Mexican upposed to be allies of the . e~e to their camp, professing to be Pl'l oner of the savages and infOTmed ~Iangus Colorado was north of these I "W~ich these Mexicans called tos, ':Vlth several hundred warriors. ~ ~-"'jJe.arf~rf m tJ1e ,night as mysteriously as Upon d' 'd this mformation the Walker eCpl ,cd to remain at F.ort McLane op- Ino Alt t' , C lOs, un II the whereabouts of o orudo could be ascertained. His D. E. CO"NER. 146 HlSTORY OF ARIZONA. INDIAN HOSTILITIES. 147 warriors had followed the party . that resistance was in vain. Un­ cades and ma~ing attacks upon'them hiD1 of levelled guns they slowly ad­ holes all the Wlnter down to their arri en~: Walker party. Swilling told 1863. McLane in February, From t his bodyguar~ was n~t wanted, and Ga ptain Walker decided to send halted them and ill 8pamsh told them: his command to the P inos Altos under eople to look for me when they see of J olm VV. Swilling, to capture -'~""""'''''U...... _p_.... ,. that Mangus had a large force sible. M1angus used signal smokes in tbis vicinity, they hurried away the movements of the party, to ri oner. Passing back over the sum- Swilling and his command decided to p ridge, the s.oldiers .came out .of their fore daylight. The day before they to the eVIdent dISgUst of Mangus, advance guard of General West of the to see into the trick to capture him. Column, about thirty soldiers under not a shot fired. The party arrived Captain Shirland, arri:ved in the prisoner in safety at Fort McLane Oaptain Walker invited them to 0' lock P . M., to find that General search for Mangus. The invitation arrived with two companies of Cali- cepted, and the next morning saw a oluntcers en route for the war in the citizens and soldiers hurrying up the e ordered that Mangus be brought be­ to Pinos Altos. ,Vhen they arrived and what transpired there was not concealed themselves in an old hackel .._.'\ ...... to Mr. Oonner, but Mangus, in hind the rocks and chaparral. A few f two soldiers, stood about the camp the later the Walker Party marched e day, a head and shoulders above all the the open ground to the summit, where pre ent, not less than six and a half Swilling, who was in command" and large in proportion. He had a whoop loud enough to make an of long, black hair, a heavy oval face of himself, " hearing which, Mangus, blood hot eyes. Stolid and in differ­ short distance away, slowly fu e,d to notice or to speak to anyone. direction of Swilling's :r~~l ge sombrero of Mexican manufac­ about a dozen of his bodyguard. tbel~ry chec~ shirt, and blue overalls, out alone and met them about a h · ees. HIS only redeeming feature d e1 lcate ui!" paces from the rest of his command o 1 .aq me nose. N~ght came on all halted for a moment until the k th diers brought Mangus to the one levelled their rifles upon them. Jac e Walker Party before the arrival laid his hand upon Mangus' in a bl~ear which the old savage lay, broken Spanish, which both could nket. It was a cold February 148 HISTORY OF ARIZONA. INDIAN HOSTILITIES. 149 night. Mr. Conner says: "Our be redhanded in a fight with the the fire, about one hundred and at s tte~ Shirland of the California the outer darkness. I was the der :~~livered to him half an hour until midnight. About nine 0 'clo~c··k"·L~tlllI " atn. Il' That he placed a guard over covered the soldiers were annoying pUle.ergeant and' nme men, an d ye t age while I was out in the dark and a his guard at midnight and was returned to the fire, when they "l!~Leltt:cU. I don't believe General vVest sleepy. Thenceforward I would revaricate but took the word of those the outer end of my beat, turn back who h~ve always disgraced the observe the soldiers, heating their n"..",,_. the West, worse than the fraudulent fire and touching them to the old o Old Mexico. and legs. They kept up this refer to other facts in this case, if it midnight, and upon my last return you blush: Taken from these same light Mangus raised upon his elbow and in my scrapbook, Governor testing that he was no child to be General West to task for the killing whereupon each soldier fired upon aying that he was present at the kill­ muskets, and twice apiece with "'.I..A".I..I.~'V " old savage and writes from personal which George Lount took my place on . that the military officers decided that I went into my blankets. The f ust die, and to get an excuse, roused the ing the body of Mangus occupied up by thrusting a red hot iron bal' same position it did during the crack of the adobe wall into the room his trinkets from under his huge was confined at Fort B uchanan, them to a Lieutenant during the day. him. Fort Buchanan, where the soldier calling himself J .ohn T. W . loc~tes the ,scene at which he was pres­ Mangus with an Arkansas pnethiIll2: near three hundred miles from from Bill Lallier, the soldiers' Mangus was killed, yet the pose. A few nights later the army and the General had a long contro- Sturgeon, exhumed the body, and· ~e benefit of history as published and huge skull to send East. N ow you ~ my scrapbook. facts to which I can subscribe under gomg to suggest that General West's Commenting upon the above Mr. b tim~o t~e War Department will be "But what about General West's Y. e J?to good history, like thou- W ar Department a copy of which I un~O~1 CIrcumstances which it will be scrapbook, taken from the W. ashingt:o~ .Yl!lrn,\.. ~re to detect. I am in ~h.e case can and the Cincinnati EnqUlrer, whlC ny, only I saw the klllmg of 150 HISTORY OF ARIZONA. INDIAN HOSTILITIES. 151 Mangus nearly three hundred miles in the Territory aros.e from the cap­ the Governor personally saw the 'Yhite, a very b~aut~ful woman, and 80 died the greatest chief the ter by the J lcanlla A p.aches. I had produced. His personal __,i",Ti'(l to investigate it. I found that described: "He was six feet the troopS had, without any suffi­ large head with a broad f a or provocation, fired upon the I n­ line nose, a most capacious mouth they in revenge joined with some heavy chin, and a 'powerful and ' attacked the next train coming from frame. His eyes were rather small killing Mr. White and others, and ingly brilliant, and flashed when wife and child; and also. the stage, excitement, although his demeanor ~sengers, was taken and all killed. imperturbable as brass." His rela the consequence. riage to Cochise and the , gave in, tance on the part .of Mangus influence with those tribes. He was be chief of, the Apaches : During my far-sightedness and diplomacy, which as acting superintendent of In­ influential in council, and a recognized I was present with General Sumner battle. For fi.fty years his influence ty of peace. He was an Indian over nearly all of Arizona, the __,AUlII::; intelligence and great character. , and the portion of the cause of the difficulties with the He made his raids at will, whenever ihuahua and Sonora, for at that ever he wished, and no enemy was the treaty with Mexico we were with him. He was at all times the rotect its people from the' attacks ·of foe of both the Mexicans and the reo iding in . He said: Unlike most of the Apaches, he was you. Sometim~ ago my people were and treacherous; his word was a feast ; aguardiente or whiskey was treaty bound him, and he died as he ~oPle drank and became intoxidated, a human tiger. He was about ~ng asleep, when a party of Mexi- when his ·career was treacherously . a~ tfnd ?eat out their brains with Major Griner, after an inrv estl~atioD 'ho ah1er tIme a trader was sent amonO' u ua Wh'l . M 1865 as to the cause ·of the IndIan often l' d' I e mnocently engaged made this statement: r ea mg to words of anger a , 'In my experience I ha~e neve anJe~d the goods was fi;ed serious difficulty in the Ternt~ry t lhuah qUlte a number were killed. Indians and citizens, which dId no 150 eacha has offered a reward for mainly with the latter. One of the , and We have been hunted 152 HISTORY OF ARIZONA. 153 po;TDIAN HOSTThITmS.

down ever since;' and, with great o It itton. They were driven in the most impressive manner he ]~ ~'l~f twenty killed and fifteen can we make peace with such 'P~ople the afternoon of March 22nd, the "I have also learned from the n lad a descent upon the public tribe, Dr. Steck, that sixty Indian :e[lr Fort W es~, New Mexico, and tribe were poisoned by strychnine.' nmning off SIxty horses. At 8 Major Griner undoubtedly refers )Ic leve started in pursuit, with soning 'Of the Indians by Oolonel on i ting of Lieutenants French and Oonfederate forces, which led to his about eighty men, all told. He from the Territory, and which has trail of the Indians some seventy ti'Oned before in thiS' work. then down the Gila five miles, then The death of Mangus Colorado divide to the Rio Negro, moving up concentrated upon the whites all and travelling most of the night some the Apache nature. Oochise was more, when he succeeded in sur­ chief, and it is asserted that before early in the morning. The fight mantle of Mangus, he took the enty minutes and resulted in the for every Apache murdered at Fo.rt ut of the Indians, the capture of hundred white men should die, an hoI' es and several Indian horses, was most religiously kept. of twenty-five Indians and the com­ The cowardly killing of o of the rancheria: with its store together with his arrest by .L..u.<:' u~~·"" . On his return, Major McOleve transformed Cochise from In a canyon, but the Indians were friend into the white man's with a loss of three killed. In For more than twenty years, ncounters the Indians lost twenty­

cl'Ose of his lif.e, he spared no L>..L<",~ • .•". and the troops one, Hall, who died or oM male or female; men, women l~fter the command returned. were 'murdered indiscriminately, d th th, 1~631, the repo·rts from Tucson oners taken met a most cruel an abolndrans were hostile. They had death of inconceivable torture. h d ui forty head of 'cattle ,from San Following the death of bI a so, captured a train of twenty- Indians, under the lead of 863 ha~lfngmg to Mexican freighters their activities, and the year 1 Abng from Fort Yuma Sub­ . raids and murders. On ~ anuaities and arr:aham Lyon was at Tu'cson at dians attacked some huntI?g: pa one Utldl'cd ngements were made so that diers, near PinO's Altos, killIng stand of old arms, which he HISTORY OF ARIZONA. 155 154 INDIAN nOSTillTIES• delivered to the Pima Indians to Old Fort Breckenridge. He fcnse against the Apaches. : fro;::l U "All grown males are fair Indian hostilitieS' were increa ing t) and children capture and ODIC U . f t t possible. On April 25th, there His company cons'l~ted 0 wen~- , about two h ten citizens, thIrty-two Mexl- running fig,ht occurred between l'"-__ 4.n,.,,' papagoes. Jesus ~aria .Elias tain B. F. Harrover, who was sent as guide. Captam Tldba;ll them. It lasted about three nights, hiding by day to avoId dians were driven about four He thus managed to fall upon was wounded and three Indian unawares, and killed over fifty, About this time orders came to " many more. He took ten to adult male Apaches under any captured sixty-six head of stock. On April 6th, 1863, a treaty was mall, a civilian by the name of Washington between John T. c lelian, who accompanied the sioner on the part of the United This was a heavy blow to the few of the chiefs and headmen of that vicinity. Alt~ough the year tribes of Indians, including a small many fights with the Indians, little tion of Apa,ches. This treaty had that direction during the Summer. effect in Arizona, for, with the Browne, in his work "The Apache May, the Apaches were as active as ntributes an interesting story of attacked Captain Charles T. He says: near the line of Chihuahua, but illu tration of the hazards of life in with the loss of eleven killed, . ~'~ll'll~ to show the ,causes which have their chiefs. There was renewed the development of the mines fighting the Apaches. On May a brief narrative of Mr. Butter­ F. Chavez reported the capt~re of .,""'·ft_~~.. will not he uninteresting. was reported killed in attemptmg to of h?nor and trust occupied by this May 2nd General West reported 88 Umted States District Attorney to the h~adquarters of the Gila. and more recently as 'Treasurer the Indians were pretty well .,~,.,.~-, ~tates at ~ew York, together the exception of a few about the ~' I'eC01!'11 ~ed finanCIal abilities, and his the Copper Mines. On the difti ill the adjustment of the great West's report, Captain T. T. th~Ulty, :have rendered his name was ordered to make an attack on a thpublIc throughout the United the Apaches in the Aravaipa e completion of his business as 156 HISTORY OF ARIZONA. INDIAN HOSTILITIES. 157 President . of the New Alma:den . .As soon as the I ndians ap- Mines, he r eceived, before his rI'feromencedr. yellm. g lI·k e deVI.·l s, and the Pacific Coast, an urgent request CO nd bows and arrows, eVldently prominent capitalists in New York to ~o ~oducing confusion at the first silver regions of Arizona, and report the ahack. Mr. Butterworth called condition and prospects. At the and by the wagons, and ex- was appointed President of the to st '1 menbelief that they could eaSI y W h' l' p th e Oompany, and every fa'cility was The ambulance and baggage-wagons for the prosecution of his inquiries up to a mesquite three a little to the Territory. A spirit of adventure e road, wheTe t~e animals could be to see something of a country which eantirne the Indians had come out of ginning . to attract so much and set fire to the grass, which was laudable ambition to aid in its . The flames swept down upon the duced Mr. Butterworth to accept these rapidly that it was found necessary propositions ; and on or about the 1st the shelter of the tree, and make for ber (probably 18(3) he left San ground about two hundred yards dis- ste~mer for Guaymas. His party the po ition would be advantageous Mr. Kustel, met allurgist, and Mr. Just as they reaehed this point, the Mr. J anin, two young gentlemen . outing and yelling, all around them, attainments. as again fired to wind ward, and the "Nothing of particular interest down toward them with fearful tween Guaymas and .santa Cruz. On . Butterworth stood by the ambu­ rival there, Mr. Kustel and Mr. with a double-barrelled shot-gun, ceeded to the P atagonia Mines with he kept the Indians at bay for some to cross over by the way of Santa J ani~ had one of H enry's rifles, Mr. Butterworth and Mr. Janin at five or IX shots at them with what "On the same day of the massacre of imPossible to tell. Whiie these two Stevens (December 2'9th) about five. or Vigorous battle, the five Mexicans later, Mr. Butterworth's party, which tracks over the hills, so that when of Mr. J anin, five Mexicans, an undertook to muster his men he and himself, were proceeding along to see a~y of them. The last he 'saw little way beyond the deserted rancll Ind. drIver, who, up to this period, Barbara when a band of Apaches, Unh'tlhn fighter, that valiant indi­ some tw~nty-five or thirty, made an a til 1 C ed one of the mules and was them from the brushwood fringing the t after the Mexican~d oubtless. 158 HISTORY OF ARIZONA., 159 IAN HOSTILITIES. with a firm determination to brin 'Philip Roach, San Fra~ci~~o.' he overt.ook them. But neithe; ~~f number bearing a slllilhar appeared on . t~e battleground o a some brandy reputed to be dlans, percelvmg their ad .....1~·C) . Butterwort~, I ~ave been p~ess in rather forcibly. YoUU.JL..l lli:1ol!l!." ng 't went harder wIth hIm to· see WI th great -coolness. Turning to ~che drink up his ·choice br.andy who had reserved his fire for the of the disaster put together. struggle, he said, 'Colonel, I can't vidently their chief object, for as well-lend me your specs!' But the d tted the wagons of their con- no speculation in that and ~ ftt1l'E!Q across the Santa Oruz River, 'No; you had better s~ve ...,,,, .. _­ eld a grand carousal over their won't desert you,' said J had succeeded in getting $1700 in ting rather too many for us, VVJ.v.u~:;4a other property, amounting in the we had both better leave.' By bout $3,000. It is gratifying to were between twenty and thirty of band of Apaches has since met yelling and shooting ,at rather engeance at the hands of the 0al- Under cover of the smoke, they DIDIlteers Mo t, if not all of them, distance from the wagons, where ~_&""" and $700 of the money taken separated. J anin made his escape d bodies. Had there been two where he lay ·concealed for some 'th our unlucky friend, when he terworth took his stand: behind a ousing across the river, during about a couple of hundred could have had a more prompt and wagons, where he resolved to ttlement. These were the same fight as possible. had killed Mills and Stevens a few , 'The Indians set fire to the They had crossed over with the the flames swept toward him . unfortunate men fTom the Pata­ ity, compelling him to climb the by the Pass' and ity, and even then burning part cce ,and seeing a small pa;ty a p~ his pantaloons. Two bullet . the road, again lay in ambush found in the tree indicated that his new attack. It is supposed b; by no means- a pleasant one. U dwere lIexicans a~ong them from amination of the spot where the {)~h~ they were m collusion with we found various fragments of the b 18 I could find no proof nor tered around, such as sardine b :rKdi~~sequent developments. 'The dIe boxes, cartridges·, patent next day attacked a party 160 HISTORY OF ARIZONA. INDIAN HOSTffiITIES. 161

0'£ Mexicans on the Tubutama rOd t' . I Yo .fi.llllgoA ~; t Am'IgO ". .St'll I four of the number, putting the rat o h 11 ~ e pt his gun. pointe~ at him. "Butterworth ~aS' entirely es _ _ r nTl all he could say m Spamsh. Com- the country,. and In attempting to wR'th great sagacity, jerked up his Cruz lost hIS w:ay. J anin and a hea~lso as to keep it between h~ and the boy, who had escaped during the of the gun, and slo~ly approach~ng, held Santa Cruz without difficulty. --"'-••.. anin's note, shoutmg,. ,No bra! Yo party was imm~diately gotten 'up by Patagonia! Patagoma! The last was modoran. J anm was apprehensive bit The word 'Patagonia' was' familiar rade might have been killed but still ily solved the mystery. J anin '8 note of his s:~fety,. and sent a n~te by t and the most oordial greeting fol­ announcm:g his own safe arrival. e ~bospitable reception. "Not very far above the Calabasas return of Mr. Butterworth to Santa reached the spot where Mr. Bll+t·"' .... ,...,. here he procured a new outfit, the recov- camped after two days and nights of his ambulance and wagon, meeting with and extreme suffering from cold, and J.~"'"'" Kustel and Higgins' at Tubac, visit was first seen by Oommodoran. The erro Colorado, and subsequent adven­ intensely sharp. He had no the road to Guaymas; safe arrival at deemed it imprudent to light a fire, un:~ICl·.sCO; return to New York; continu­ found it impossible to bear with the the presidency, with entire control as longer. What his sufferings were in manager of the New Almaden Quick­ region, surrounded by lurking foes, . e , as well as of the Arizona Silver without blankets, and beyond the at Cerro Colorado, would furnish in de­ supposed, of all human aid, no man interesting sequel to his, adventure with travelled in Arizona can conceive...... ",.,. " and nights of such suffering as caused most men to despair had left upon him. His throat was wrapped and he was evidently in a very bad Up to this time he could riot have much less than fifty miles up and dOWD of the Santa Cr uz. On the approach 0 f doran, supposing him to be a OVJ~VA'­ rauder, he raised his gun an~ was . d him, when the frightened MeXIcan ctle