Journal of Critical Reviews

ISSN- 2394-5125Vol 7, Issue 11, 2020

DEVELOPMENT OF A POWDER ALTERNATIVE USING DATE SEED POWDER

NageyaNaushad*, Joice J J **and Sr Elizabeth Joseph***

*Student, Assumption College, Changanacherry, [email protected]. **Assistant Professor,Assumption College, Changanacherry, [email protected]. ***Assistant Professor, Assumption College, Changanacherry, [email protected]. ABSTRACT

Coffee began to the part of common breakfast beverages and those who drank it began the day both alert and energised and there by the quality of their work improved. Natural sources of dietary include coffee, tea, and chocolate. Synthetic caffeine is also added to products to enhance their stimulant properties. Coffee still has potential risks, mostly due to its high caffeine content; it can temporarily raise blood pressure. Women who are pregnant, trying to become pregnant or breastfeeding need to be cautious about caffeine. High intake of boiled, unfiltered coffee has been associated with mild increase in cholesterol levels. Dates are consumed as such or in the dried form. The edible part of date is consumed and the pit is considered as the by-product and waste. The date seed beverage is caffeine free and has lower amount of total phenolic compounds. The aim of the study was to determine the nutritional characteristics of the date seed powder and organoleptic evaluation of the developed coffee powder alternative using date seed powder.The main raw ingredientMazafati date seeds were procured from local market of Changanacherry. The proximate analysis study of date seed coffee powder was done. Various date seed coffee recipes were formulated. The organoleptic qualities of developed date seed coffee powder and coffee recipes were analyzed. It was clear that there are significant differences in proximate composition such as caffeine content, carbohydrate, protein and fat between developed date seed powder and other commercial coffee powders. The comparison analysis shows that the commercial coffee powder samples was very high in caffeine content than the date seed coffee powder. All the were excellent in and body sensory attributes and got high score 5.

Key words:Mazafati date seeds, Organoleptic evaluation, Caffeine

INTRODUCTION fiberswhich is known to aid in digestion and is also well- known for their potential preventative benefits on cancer The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is a popular and type II diabetes. Date seeds also contain a high perennial fruit tree cultivated worldwide, especially in content of polyphenols including phenolic and flavonoids West Asia and North Africa. Phoenix dactylifera, with possible health benefits derived from their commonly known as date or date palm, is a flowering antioxidant properties by chelating redox-active metal plant species in the palm family. Research studies have ions, inactivating lipid free radical chain reactions, reported that dates are rich in macro elements mainly preventing hydro-peroxide conversion into reactive potassium, phosphorous, calcium, chlorine and oxyradicals and from their anti-inflammatory properties. magnesium and have appreciable quantities of microelements essentially iron, manganese, copper and Date seed are the by-product of date stoning, zinc(Khan, 2014). either for the production of pitted dates or for the manufacture of date paste. The date seed is a hard-coated The ancient Israelites, realized the value of all seed, usually oblong, ventrally grooved, with a small parts of the date palm tree including the date seeds, embryo. They can also be used as a of oil (which has which they roasted and ground and enjoyed as a healthful antioxidant properties valuable in cosmetics), as a raw beverage. Interestingly, the date seed, a wasted by- material for activated carbon or as an adsorbent for dye- product of the date fruit, which is very popular in the containing waters. (Banat et al., 2003).The date seed or , has been associated with favourable pit constitutes about 6 to 12% of the total weight of the nutritional properties among which a high polyphenol date and the thin white layer surrounding the seed content. Dates seed was mainly incorporated to reduce protects the fleshy part. The edible part of date is the agro-waste and they contain protein, fat, dietary fibre consumed and the pit is considered as the by-product and and minerals. The nutritional values of date seeds is waste. Every year, billion tons of foods are wasted. mainly related to a significant amount of dietary

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Journal of Critical Reviews

ISSN- 2394-5125Vol 7, Issue 11, 2020

Generally the date seeds are used as the animal feed, To develop a coffee powder alternative using date seed poultry and as the soil fertilizers. The date seeds are also powder. used in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries as To compare the proximate values, caffeine and phenolic contents in the developed date seed powder with date seed oil. Due to its high dietary fiber content, they commercial coffee powder. are used in the bakery products like biscuits, breads, To evaluate the organoleptic qualities of the developed Rusk. Limited research has also been conducted for date seed coffees. infertility in both male and female METHODOLOGY (Venkatachalam&Sengottian, 2016). The main raw ingredient, mazafati date seeds were procured from local market of Changanacherry, According to Dahdivan., et al (2017),Date seeds based on the availability and the affordability of the dates. considered a waste product of many date processing The steps were included in the processing of preparation plants producing pitted dates, date syrup and date of date seed are soaking, drying, roasting, grinding and confectionery. At present, seeds are used mainly for filtering. The proximate analysis of the prepared date animal feeds in the cattle, sheep, and camel and poultry seed coffee powder carried out in the laboratory- Vimta industries. With world production of dates reaching 6.9 Labs Limited, Kochi, Ernakulam to identify the presence million tons in 2004, from this approximately 863 and quantity of caffeine, phenolic compounds, protein, fat, thousand tons of date seeds are produced. Thus, carbohydrate, energy and moisture content. The utilization of such waste is very important to date proximate comparison between developed date seed cultivation and to increase the income to this sector. Al- coffee powder with other commercial coffee powders Farsi et al who researched the functional properties of were carried out based on the proximate date seeds, their reported composition was 3.1 7.1% composition.The shelf life of developed date seed coffee moisture, 2.3 6.4% protein, 5.0 13.2 fat, 0.9 1.8% ash powder was observed for 5 months. and 22.5 80.2% dietary fiber. Also, seeds contain– high – – – levels of phenolics, antioxidants and dietary fiber. The The analysis of the samples was done by multiple – good nutritional value of date seeds is based on their sample difference tests. The coffees are developed with dietary fiber content, which makes them suitable for the date seed coffee powder were black coffee, , preparation of fiber-based foods and dietary ginger coffee, masala coffee, date vanilla coffee, choco supplements.Roasted and powdered date seeds are used milk coffee, iced mocha coffee, cold coffee and . by certain rural communities as coffee substitutes and The sensory assessment of the developed date seed coffee-like preparations made from date seeds are coffees was conducted in the food science laboratory of available in some Arabian markets in and Assumption College, Changanacherry by the panel of semi . The date seed beverage is caffeine trained 10 members which consisted of staffs and post free and has lower amount of total phenolic compounds graduate students of Home Science Department. than coffee. Sensory evaluation revealed that the RESULTS AND DISCUSSION date seed coffee-like preparations were acceptable The raw ingredient Mazafati date seeds procured (Ghnimiet al., 2017). were dried, grinded and sieved to get a fine powder form in similar way as for coffee beans. The date seed coffee AIM OF THE STUDY powder was analysed in the laboratory- Vimta Labs Limited, Kochi, Ernakulam to identify the presence and The research work is carried out purposively to quantity of caffeine, phenolic compounds, protein, fat, determine the nutritional characteristics of the date seed carbohydrate, energy and moisture content. powder and development of a coffee powder alternative Proximate analysis of the developed date seed coffee by using date seed powder. powder OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

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ISSN- 2394-5125Vol 7, Issue 11, 2020

Fig.3 Proximate analysis of the developed date seed coffee developed date seed coffee powder per 100 gm showed powder that the caffeine content of date seed coffee powder was The energy content present in the coffee powder below 0.1 %.The phenolic compounds present in the date was 447.49 Kcal. The presence and quantity of seed coffee powder was 6.93 mg/Kg. The presence and carbohydrate content in the date seed coffee powder quantity of calories in the date seed coffee powder were were analysed by Annex C of IS: 1656-2007 method. The analysed by Codex Alimentarius (ISSN 0259-2916) carbohydrate content was 78.19 %. The presence and method. The shelf life of developed date seed coffee quantity of protein content in the date seed coffee powder was observed for 5 months. The observed date powder were analysed by AOAC 20th Ed, 920.87 method. seed coffee powder has no colour, odour and flavor The protein present in the developed sample was 5.55 %. changes during observation period. The developed date The presence and quantity of fat content in the seed coffee powder has remained pleasant taste and date seed coffee powder were analysed by AOAC 20th Ed. aroma. 2003.06 method. The presence of fat content in date seed Comparison of the proximate content in developed coffee powder was 12.51 %. The presence and quantity of date seed powder and commercial coffee powder moisture content in the date seed coffee powder were The proximate content comparison of date seed coffee analysed by Section 8.1 FSSAI Manual method for powder with three different commercial coffee powders Analysis of Cereal & Cereal products. The moisture were compared in terms of caffeine content, phenolic content of date seed coffee powder was analyses as 2.64 compounds, energy, carbohydrate, protein and fat %.The presence and quantity of both caffeine and content. The caffeine content of commercial coffee phenolic compounds in the date seed coffee powder were powder was very higher than that of date seed coffee analysed by in house method. The analysis of the powder.

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ISSN- 2394-5125Vol 7, Issue 11, 2020

Fig.3 Proximate analysis of the developed date seed coffee powder has 7 % in sample 1, 8 % in sample 2, and 5.6 % powder in sample 3 commercial coffee powder. The energy content of date seed coffee powder The (additive) was present in has 263.22 Kcal, and other commercial coffee powder like commercial coffee powder samples 1, 2 and 3. The sample 1 has 330 kcal, sample 2 has 300 kcal and sample sample 1 commercial coffee powder has 210 mg of 3 has 290 kcal. The carbohydrate content of developed caffeine content, the sample 2 commercial coffee powder date seed coffee powder was 46% in 100 g of sample and has 150 mg and sample 3 has 170 mg of caffeine content. in the commercial coffee powders, sample 1, 2 and 3 with The phenolic compounds are 4.03 mg/Kg in date seed 55 %, 62% and 48 % carbohydrate content respectively. coffee powder. The protein content of date seed powder was 3.26 % and commercial coffee powder has 6.5 % in sample 1, 13 % in Comparison of energy content in the Developed Date sample 2, and 5 % in sample 3. The fat content of date Seed Coffee Powder and Commercial Coffee Powders seed coffee powder has 7.35 % and commercial coffee

Fig.5 Comparison of energy content in the developed date seed coffee powder and commercial coffee powders

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Journal of Critical Reviews

ISSN- 2394-5125Vol 7, Issue 11, 2020

The energy content of date seed coffee powder has 263.22 Kcal, and other commercial coffee powder like sample 1 has 330 kcal, sample 2 has 300 kcal and sample 3 has 290 kcal. Organoleptic Evaluation of developed date seed coffee samples

*Excellent-5, Very good-4, Good-3, Average-2, Poor-1 Fig.6 Mean sensory scores of developed date seed powder coffee powders are a good source of phytochemical coffees compounds as well. The organoleptic qualities of developed date seed coffee samples were analyzed by the panel with a 5-point REFERENCES hedonic scale. The taste and body sensory attributes of all Banat F, Al Ashesha S, & Al-Makhadmeha L. (2003). coffees got the top score of 5. The sensory attribute of Evaluation of the use of raw and activated date pits as flavor for the milk coffee, iced coffee, cold coffee, and potential adsorbents for dye containing waters. Process choco milk coffee were scored 4.5. The sensory attribute Biochemistry, 39(2), pp: 193-202. of aroma for the masala coffee and iced coffee were  Dahdivan, S. N. &Ardakani, Y. S.A., &Tafti, G, A., (2017). scored 4.8. The sensory attribute of after taste for the Physicochemical properties and applications of date seed black coffee, iced coffee, cold coffee, and choco milk coffee and its oil. were scored 4.5, while the milk coffee and ginger coffee  Ghnimi,S., Eldin, A. K., Karim, A., &Umer, S., (2017), Date scored 4, and masala coffee, date vanila coffee and iced fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.); An underutilized food seeking mocha coffees were scored 5. industrial valorization. Journal NFS; (6). An awareness class was given to the selected  Khan, A.A., Rahmani, A.H, Aly, S.M., Ali, H., Babiker, A.Y., subjects about the role on the health benefits of date seed &Srikar, S. (2014), Therapeutic Effects of Date Fruits, coffee powder using the formulated recipe booklet- International Journal of Clinical and Experimental “KAJOOR DATE SEED COFFEE” (When coffee meets dates). Medicine. CONCLUSION  Venkatachalam C, D., &Sengottian. M., (2016). Study on Date, the fruit of date palm, can be considered as Roasted Date seed Non caffeinated Coffee Powder as a an ideal food that provides a wide range of essential Promising Alternative. Asian Journal of Research in social nutrients with many potential health benefits. The sciences and Humanities. present study focused on the development of date seed coffee powder using waste seed part of dates. The ultimate objective was to develop a healthy coffee powder alternative for commercial caffeinated coffee powders. The present study was an attempt to compare the health benefits of date seed coffee from commercially available coffee powders. The caffeine content and chicory content was very less in date seed coffee powder than commercial coffee powders and also date seed

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