List of Species Present on Forest Permanent Sample Plots in Interior and Southcentral Thomas Malone,1 CF, Edmond C. Packee Sr.,2 PhD, CF, and Jingjing Liang,3 PhD, CF

Permanent Sample Plot 24B, a white and aspen stand on the Nenana Ridge. The plot was established in 1995, this photo taken in 2005. Four pictures are taken from the northwest corner of each PSP during each site establishment and subsequent remeasurements (every five years). The first picture is taken with the camera pointed toward the northeast corner. The second picture is taken with the camera pointed at PSP center. The third picture is taken with the camera pointed at the southwest corner. The fourth picture is taken pointing up toward the sky to show crown cover. —Photo by Thomas Malone. 2 Introduction Literature Cited

n 1994 the University of Alaska Fairbanks, School of Natural Collet, D.M. 2004. of Interior Alaska. USDI, Fish and IResources and Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural and Forestry Wildlife Serv. Experiment Station began a project to establish permanent sample plots (PSP) throughout the forests of northern and Daubenmire, R. 1959. A canopy-coverage method of vegetation southcentral Alaska. Objectives of the project are to establish analysis. Northwest Sci. 33: 43–66, Seattle, Washington. and maintain a system of PSPs to monitor forest growth, yield, Hulten, E. 1968. Flora of Alaska and Neighboring Territories: A forest health, and ecological conditions/change (Malone et al., Manual of the Vascular . Stanford University Press, 2009). Stanford, California. To date, 603 PSPs have been established on 201 sites Johnson, D., L. Kershaw, A. MacKinnon, and J. Pojar. 1995. throughout interior and southcentral Alaska. The PSPs are square . Lone and 0.1 acre in size and in clusters of three. PSPs are remeasured Plants of the Western Boreal Forest and Aspen Parkland Pine Publishing, Edmonton, Alberta: Canada. at a five-year interval. The number of plot remeasurements after establishment ranges from one to three times. MacKinnon, A., J. Pojar, and R. Coupe. 1999. Plants of Northern A large amount of data is collected at each site at time of British Columbia. Lone Pine Publishing, Edmonton, establishment and at subsequent remeasurements. Four databases Alberta. contain all the data: tree measurement and characteristics, site Malone, T., J. Liang, and E.C. Packee. 2009. Cooperative Alaska description, regeneration, and vegetation data. Forest Inventory. USDA For. Serv. PNW-GTR-785. Vegetation data collected on the 0.1 acre PSPs includes species (trees , herb, grass, and non-vascular plants) and Pojar, J. and A. MacKinnon. 1994. Plants of Coastal British cover, an estimate of the amount of the plot covered by the crown Columbia. Lone Pine Publishing, Edmonton, Alberta. of each species (cover class) (Daubenmire, 1959). The vegetation Pratt, V.E. 1991. Wildflowers Along the Alaska Highway. database can be used by land managers and researchers to study Alaskakrafts, Inc., Anchorage, Alaska. species diversity and forest succession in addition to long-term USDA, NRCS. 2012. The PLANTS Database (http://plants. monitoring of forest health. usda.gov). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC The species listed in Appendix 1 and in the vegetation 27401-4901 USA. database are presented by categories: tree, shrub, herb, grass, rush, sedge, fern, club , lichen, moss, and liverwort. Vitt, D.H., J.E. Marsh, and R.B. Bovey. 1988. , Lichens and The PSP databases are available by contacting Tom Malone at Ferns of Northwest . Lone Pine Publishing, [email protected]. Edmonton, Alberta. Viereck, L.A. and E.L. Little, Jr. 1972. Alaska Trees and . Acknowledgements USDA For. Serv. Agric. Handbook No. 410.

his project is supported by the University of Alaska, School Tof Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, and a federal McIntire-Stennis Fund Grant. In addition to the plant PSP 264B is a and white spruce stand near Trapper Creek. PSP identification books listed in this publication, we would like established in 2000; photo in 2010. to thank Dr. Patricia Holloway and Ms. Carolyn Parker of the —Photo by Thomas Malone. University of Alaska Fairbanks and Dr. Teresa Hollingsworth of the US Forest Service for assisting in plant identification. We also acknowledge the students and technicians who helped with data collection since 1994.

1. Research Forester, School of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska; corresponding author.

2. Professor of Forest Management, Emeritus, School of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska.

3. Assistant Professor of Forest Ecology, Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.

List of Plant Species on Forest Permanent Sample Plots • Malone, Packee, Liang • MP 2012-01 3 Appendix 1. List of Plant Species Present in PSPs in Interior and Southcentral Alaska.

Vegetation Species Scientific Name Common Name Class Code Trees BETKEN Betula kenaica Kenai birch BETNEO Betula neoalaskana Alaska birch LARLAR tamarack PICGLA white spruce PICLUT Picea X lutzii Lutz spruce PICMAR black spruce balsam poplar, includes black POPBAL , includes ssp trichocarpa cottonwood POPTRE Populus tremuloides aspen TSUMER Tsuga mertensiana mountain hemlock Understory Regen BETKEN-R Betula kenaica Kenai birch BETNEO-R Betula neoalaskana Alaska birch PICGLA-R Larix laricina tamarack LARLAR-R Picea glauca white spruce PICLUT-R Picea X lutzii Lutz spruce PICMAR-R Picea mariana black spruce balsam poplar, includes black POPBAL-R Populus balsamifera, includes ssp trichocarpa cottonwood POPTRE-R Populus tremuloides aspen TSUMER-R Tsuga mertensiana mountain hemlock Shrubs ALNTEN Alnus incana subspp. tenuifolia mountain alder ALNVIR Alnus viridis (crispa) green alder AMEALN Amelanchier alnifolia serviceberry ANDPOL Andromeda polifolia -rosemary ARCRUB rubra red- bearberry ARCUVA Arctostaphylos uva-ursi bearberry BETGLA Betula glandulosa resin birch BETNAN Betula nana dwarf birch CASTET Cassiope tetragona four-angled mountain heather CHACAL Chamaedaphne calyculata leatherleaf COMPAL Comarum palustre (Potentilla palustris) marsh cinquefoil DASFRU Dasiphora fruiticosa (Potentilla fruticosa) shrubby cinquefoil DRYINT Dryas integrifolia entireleaf mountain avens DRYOCT Dryas octopetala white mountain avens EMPNIG Empetrum nigrum crowberry

www.uaf.edu/snras/publications/ • snras.blogspot.com • 907.474.5042 4 JUNCOM Juniperus communis common juniper JUNHOR Juniperus horizontalis creeping juniper LEDGRO Ledum groenlandicum Labrador tea LEDPAL Ledum palustre marsh Labrador tea LINBOR twin MENFER Menziesia ferruginea rusty menziesia OPLHOR Oplopanax horridus devils club RHOLAP Rhododendron lapponicum Lapland rosebay RIBGLA Ribes glandulosum skunk currant RIBHUD Ribes hudsonianum northern black currant RIBLAC Ribes lacustre black swamp gooseberry RIBTRI Ribes triste red swamp currant ROSACI Rosa acicularis prickly rose ROSNUT Rosa nutkana Nookta rose RUBARC Rubus arcticus nagoonberry RUBCHA Rubus chamaemorus cloudberry RUBIDA Rubus idaeus red raspberry RUBPED Rubus pedatus five-leaved bramble SALARC Salix arctica SALBEB Salix bebbiana Bebb willow SAMMYR Salix myrtillifolia blueberry willow SALPUL Salix pulchra diamond- willow SALRET Salix reticulata netleaf willow SALspp Salix species SAMRAC Sambucus racemosa red elderberry SHECAN Shepherdia canadensis soapberry SORSCO Sorbus scopulina western mountain-ash SPIBEA Spiraea beauverdiana Beauverd’s spirea VACCAE Vaccinium caespitosum dwarf blueberry VACOVA Vaccinium ovalifolium oval-leaf blueberry VACOXY Vaccinium oxycoccos bog cranberry VACULI Vaccinium uliginosum bog blueberry VACVIT Vaccinium vitis-idaea lingonberry VIBEDU Viburnum edule highbush cranberry Herbs ACHMIL Achillea millefolium (borealis) yarrow ACODEL Aconitum delphinifolium monkshood ACTRUB Actaea rubra baneberry ALLSCH Allium schoenoprasum wild chive ANECAN Anemone canadensis Canada anemone ANEMUL Anemone multifida cut-leaf anemone ANEPAR Anemone parviflora northern anemone ANERIC Anenome richardsonii yellow anemone ANGLUC Angelica lucida kneeling angelica

List of Plant Species on Forest Permanent Sample Plots • Malone, Packee, Liang • MP 2012-01 5 ANTPUL Antennaria pulcherrima showy pussytoe ARAHOL Arabis holboellii Holboell’s rockcress ARCALP alpina alpine arnica ARNLES Arnica lessingii nodding arnica ARTTIL Artemisia tilesii mountain sagewort ASTALP Aster alpinus alpine aster ASTAME Astragalus americanus American milkvetch ASTUMB Astragalus umbellatus milkvetch BOSROS Boschniakia rossica broom rape BOYRIC Boykinia richardsonii Richardson’s brookfoam BUPAME Bupleurum americanum (triradiatum) throw wax CALBUL Calypso bulbosa fairy slipper CAMLAS Campanula lasiocarpa mountain harebell CAMROT Campanula rotundifolia common harebell CASTET Cassiope tetragona Lapland cassiope CASCAU Castilleja caudata pale indian paintbrush CASUNA Castilleja unalaschcensis unalaska paintbrush Chamerion angustifolium (Epilobium CHAANG fireweed angustifolium) CIRALP Circaea alpina enchanter’s nightshade CNICNI Cnidium cnidiifolium Jakutsk snow parsley CORTRI Corallorrhiza trifida yellow coralroot CORCAN Cornus canadensis bunchberry CORAUR Corydalis aurea golden corydalis CORPAU Corydalis pauciflora fewflower fumewort CYPPAS passerinum Franklin’s lady’s slipper DELBRA Delphinium brachycentrum northern larkspur DELGLA Delphinium glaucum larkspur DODFRI Dodecatheon frigidum northern shooting star DROROT Drosera rotundifolia round-leaved sundew EQUARV arvense common horsetail EQUPRA Equisetum pratense meadow horsetail EQUSCI Equisetum scirpoides dwarf scouring rush EQUSYL Equisetum sylvaticum wood horsetail EURSIB Eurybia sibirica (Aster sibiricus) arctic aster FRAVIR Fragaria virginiana wild strawberry GALBOR Galium boreale northern bedstraw GALTRI Galium triflorum small bedstraw GENPRO Gentiana propinqua four-part dwarf gentian GEOLIV Geocaulon lividum bastard toad flax GERERI Geranium erianthum northern geranium GOOREP Goodyera repens rattlesnake plantain HEDALP Hedysarum alpinum alpine sweet-vetch HERMAX Heracleum maximum (lanatum) common cow parsnip www.uaf.edu/snras/publications/ • snras.blogspot.com • 907.474.5042 6 HIETRI Hieracium triste woolly hawkweed IRISET Iris setosa wild flag LATPAL Lathyrus palustris (introduced species) marsh peavine LISCOR Listera cordata heartleaf twayblade LUPARC Lupinus arcticus arctic lupine MAISTE Maianthemum stellatum (Smilacina stellata) starry false lily of the valley MERPAN Mertensia paniculata bluebells MIMGUT Mimulus guttatus yellow monkey-flower MOELAT Moehringia lateriflora sandwort MONUNI Moneses uniflora single delight ORTSEC secunda one-sided wintergreen OSMDEP Osmorhiza depauperata blunt-fruited sweet-cicely OXYCAM Oxytropis campestris locoweed PARPAL Parnassia palustris grass-of-parnassus PEDCAP Pedicularis capitata capitate lousewort PEDLAB Pedicularis labradorica Labrador lousewort PEDLAN Pedicularis langsdorffii Langsdorf’s lousewort PEDVER Pedicularis verticillata whorled lousewort PETFRI Petasites frigidus goosefoot PETHYP Petasites hyperboreus arctic sweet coltsfoot PETSAG Petasites fridigus var. sagittatus arrow-leaved coltsfoot PLAHYP Platanthera hyperborea bog orchid PLAOBT Platanthera obtusata one-leaved rein-orchid POLACU Polemonium acutiflorum tall Jacob’s ladder POLBOR Polemonium boreale northern Jacob’s ladder POLPUL Polemonium pulcherrimum showy Jacob’s ladder POLALA Polygonum alaskanum Alaska wild rhubarb POLVIV Polygonum viviparum alpine bistort PRIINC Primula incana silvery primrose PRITSC Primula tschuktschorum Chukchi primrose PULPAT Pulsatilla patens pasque flower PYRASA Pyrola asarifolia pink wintergreen PYRCHL Pyrola chlorantha green wintergreen PYRGRA Pyrola grandiflora grandflowered wintergreen PYRMIN Pyrola minor lesser wintergreen RANFLA Ranunculus flammula (reptans) creeping buttercup RANGME Ranunculus gmelini small yellow water buttercut RANLAP Ranunculus lapponicus Lapland buttercup RANNIV Ranunculus nivalis snow buttercup RHOROS Rhodiola rosea (Sedum rosea) roseroot stonecrop RORISL Rorippa islandica marsh yellow cress RUMARC Rumex arcticus arctic dock SANCAN Sanguisorba canadensis (stipulata) Canadian burnet SANOFF Sanguisorba officinalis great burnet

List of Plant Species on Forest Permanent Sample Plots • Malone, Packee, Liang • MP 2012-01 7 SAUANG Saussurea angustifolia narrowleaf saw-wort SENLUG Senecio lugens small black-tipped groundsel SENTRI Senecio triangularis arrow-leaved groundsel SENVUL Senecio vulgaris common groundsel SOLMUL Solidago multiradiata northern goldenrod SOLSIM Solidago simplex (decumbens) dwarf goldenrod SPIROM Spiranthes romanzoffiana lady’s tresses STECRA Stellaria crassifolia fleshy starwort STELOF Stellaria longifolia longleaf starwort STELOP Stellaria longipes (laeta) longstalk starwort STEMED Stellaria media chickweed STRAMP Streptopus amplexifolius twistedstalk SYMBOR Symphyotrichum boreale (Aster junciformis) marsh aster TAROFF Taraxacum officinale common dandelion THAALP Thalictrum alpinum alpine meadowrue THASPA Thalictrum sparsiflorum few-flower meadowrue TRIEUR Trientalis europaea European starflower VALCAP Valeriana capitata capitate valerian VERVIR Veratrum viride false hellebore VIOEPI Viola epipsila dwarf marsh violet VILPAL Viola palustris marsh violet ZIGELE Zigadenus elegans mountain deathcamas Grass CALCAN Calamagrostis canadensis bluejoint EYLspp Elymus species wildrye FESALT Festuca altaica altai fescue POAARC Poa arctica arctic bluegrass POAGLA Poa glauca glaucous bluegrass POAPAL Poa palustris fowl bluegrass POASEC Poa secunda (juncifolia) Sandberg bluegrass POAspp Poa species bluegrass grass grass species Rush JUNspp Juncus species Sedge CARGLA glacialis glacial sedge CARspp Carex species ERIANG Eriophorum angustifolium narrow-leaved cotton grass ERIBRA Eriophorum brachyantherum close-sheathed cotton grass ERIspp Eriophorum species sedge sedge species Fern ATHFIL Athyrium filix-femina lady fern DRYEXP Dryopteris expansa spreading wood fern

www.uaf.edu/snras/publications/ • snras.blogspot.com • 907.474.5042 8 GYMDRY Gymnocarpium dryopteris oak fern WOOGLA Woodsia glabella smooth woodsia Club moss LYCALP Lycopodium alpinum alpine clubmoss LYCANN Lycopodium annotinum stiff clubmoss LYCCLA Lycopodium clavatum running clubmoss LYCCOM Lycopodium complanatum ground cedar LYCOBS Lycopodium obscurum ground pine Lichen BRYFUS Bryoria fuscescens speckled horsehair CETISL Cetraria islandica Iceland lichen CETDEL Cetrariella deliseii snow-bed Iceland lichen CLAMIT Cladina mitis yellow lichen CLARAN Cladina rangiferina green reindeer lichen CLASTE Cladina stellaris star reindeer lichen CLABEL Cladonia bellidiflora toy soldier lichen CLABOT Cladonia botrytes wooden soldier lichen CLACAR split-peg lichen CLACEN Cladonia cenotea powdered funnel cladonia CLACHL Cladonia chlorophaea mealy pixie cup CLACOC Cladonia coccifera pixie cup lichen CLACON Cladonia coniocraea common powder lichen CLACOR Cladonia cornuta bighorn cladonia CLACRI Cladonia crispata organ-pipe lichen CLADEF Cladonia deformis lesser sulphur cup lichen CLAECM Cladonia ecmocyna frosted cladonia CLAGRA Cladonia gracilis smooth cladonia CLAMAC Cladonia macilenta (bacillaris) lipstick powderhorn lichen CLAMUL Cladonia multiformis sieve lichen CLASQU Cladonia squamosa dragon cladonia CLAUNC Cladonia uncialis thorn cladonia CLAspp Cladonia species Cladonia species DACARC Dactylina arctica Arctic finger lichen EVEMES Evernia mesomorpha boreal oakmoss lichen FLACUC Favocetraria cucillata (Cetraria cucullata) FLANIV Flavocetraria nivalis (Cetraria nivalis) snow lichen HYPPHY Hypogymnia physodes hooded tube lichen LEPSAT Leptogium saturninum saturn skin lichen LOBLIN Lobaria linita cabbage lungwort LOBPUL Lobaria pulmonaria lungwort MASRIC Masonhalea richardsonii arctic tumbleweed lichen NEPARC Nephroma arcticum arctic kidney lichen NEPEXP Nephroma expallidum alpins kidney lichen NEPspp Nephroma species

List of Plant Species on Forest Permanent Sample Plots • Malone, Packee, Liang • MP 2012-01 9 PANPEZ Pannaria pezizoides matted lichen PARSUL Parmelia sulcata hammered shield lichen PARAMB Parmeliopsis ambigua green starburst PELAPH Peltigera aphthosa freckled pelt lichen PELCAN Peltigera canina dog lichen PELMAL Peltigera malacea veinless pelt lichen PELNEO Peltigera neopolydactyla carpet pelt lichen PELPOL Peltigera polydactyla many-fruited pelt lichen PELVEN Peltigera venosa fan lichen PLAGLA Platismatia glauca varied rag lichen STEALP Stereocaulon alpinum alpine snow lichen STEspp Stereocaulon species USNSUB Usnea subfloridana beard lichen VULPIN Vulpicida pinastri (Cetraria pinastri) VULTIL Vulpicida tilesii (Cetraria tilesii) limestone sunshire lichen lichen lichen species Moss ABIABI Abietinella abietina (Thuidium abietinum) wiry fern moss AULPAL palustre aulacommium moss AULTUR Aulacomnium turgidum turgid aulacomnium moss BRASAL Brachythecium salebrosum golden ragged moss CAMSTE Campylium stellatum golden star moss CIRCIR Cirriphyllum cirrosum cirriphyllum moss CLIDEN Climacium dendroides tree climacium moss DICspp Dicranum species HEDCIL Hedwigia ciliata ciliate hedwigia moss HYLSPL Hylocomium splendens step moss HYPSUB Hypnum subimponens hypnum moss PHIFON Philonotis fontana spring moss PLAMED Plagiomnium medium common leafy moss PLESCH Pleuozium schreberi red-stemmed feather moss POLCOM Polytrichum commune common haircap moss POLJUN Polytrichum juniperinum juniper haircap moss POLPIL Polytrichum piliferum awned haircap moss PTICRI Ptilium crista-castrensis knight’s plume moss RHIGLA Rhizomnium glabrescens large leafy moss RHYRUG Rhytidium rugosum crumpled-leaf moss Sanionia uncinata SANUNC sickle moss (Drepanocladus uncinatus) SPHspp Sphagnum species SPLLUT Splachnum luteum yellow moosedung moss TIMAUS Timmia austriaca false polytrichum moss TOMNIT Tomenthypnum nitens golden fuzzy fen moss moss moss species

www.uaf.edu/snras/publications/ • snras.blogspot.com • 907.474.5042 10 Liverwort LEPREP Lepidozia reptans little-hands liverwort LOPVEN Lophozia ventricosa tri-tip leafy liverwort MARPOL Marchantia polymorpha green tongue liverwort Agricultural and Forestry About the Experiment Station Agricultural & Forestry

University of Alaska Fairbanks Experiment Station AFES Publications Office P.O. Box 757200 he federal Hatch Act of 1887 authorized establishment Fairbanks, AK 99775-7200 Tof agricultural experiment stations in the U.S. and its [email protected] • www.uaf.edu/snras territories to provide science-based research information to 907.474.6923 or 907.474.5042 farmers. There are agricultural experiment stations in each of the fax: 907.474.6184 50 states, Puerto Rico, and Guam. All but one are part of the land-grant college system. The Morrill Act established the land- NOTE: Miscellaneous publications are published by the Alaska Agricultural grant colleges in 1862. While the experiment stations perform and Forestry Experiment Station to provide information summarizing agricultural research, the land-grant colleges provide education research, and are usually written for a specific lay audience. They often present in the science and economics of agriculture. information that would otherwise only be available as journal articles or specialized flyers available only to a limited professional audience. They may The Alaska Agricultural Experiment Station was not consist of secondary information or be a bulletin or journal article summary. originally part of the Alaska land-grant college system. In 1898, the station was established in Sitka, also the site of Alaska’s first To simplify terminology, we may use product or equipment trade names. We experiment farm. Subsequent branches were opened at Kodiak, are not endorsing products or firms mentioned. Publication material may Kenai, Rampart, Copper Center, Fairbanks, and Matanuska. be reprinted provided no endorsement of a commercial product is stated The latter two remain as the Fairbanks Experiment Farm and or implied. Please credit the researchers involved, the University of Alaska the Matanuska Experiment Farm. The USDA established the Fairbanks, and the Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station. Fairbanks experiment station in 1906 on a site that in 1915 The University of Alaska Fairbanks is accredited by the Commission on provided land for a college. The land transfer and money to Colleges and Universities of the Northwest Association of Schools and establish the Alaska Agricultural College and School of Mines Colleges. UAF is an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer and was approved by the U.S. Congress in 1915. Two years later the educational institution. Alaska Territorial Legislature added funding, and in 1922, when the first building was constructed, the college opened its doors to students. The first student graduated in 1923. In 1931, the experiment station was transferred from federal ownership to the college, and in 1935 the college was renamed the University of Alaska. When campuses were opened at other locations, the Fairbanks campus became the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Early experiment station researchers developed adapted cultivars of grains, grasses, potatoes, and berries, and introduced many vegetable cultivars appropriate to Alaska. Animal and poultry management was also important. This work continues, as does research in soils and revegetation, forest ecology and management, and rural and economic development. As the state faces new challenges in agriculture and resource management, the Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station continues to bring state-of-the-art research information to the people of Alaska.

List of Plant Species on Forest Permanent Sample Plots • Malone, Packee, Liang • MP 2012-01