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Production of Acetic Acid Pdf Production of acetic acid pdf Continue Acetic redirects here. This should not be confused with Ascetic. colorless and weak liquid organic compounds found in vinegar acetic acid vinegar Names Preferred IUPAC name vinegar named vinegar vinegar (when diluted); Hydrogen acetate; Метанкарбоксиловая кислота (JSmol) Идентификаторы CAS Номер 64-19-7 Y 3D модель (JSmol) Интерактивное изображение 3DMet B00009 Аббревиатуры AcOH Beilstein Справка 506007 ChEBI CHEBI:15366 Y ChEMBL ChEMBL539 Y ChemSpider Y ChemSpider171 Y DrugBank DB03166 Y ECHA InfoCard 100.000.528 EC Номер 200-580-7 E номер E260 (консерванты) Gmelin Справка 1380 IUPHAR/BPS 1058 KEGG D00010 N MeSH Acetic кислота PubChem CID 176 RTECS номер AF1225000 UNII No40-9N063P Y UN номер 2789 CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID5024394 InChI InChI-1S/C2H4O2/c1-2(3)4/h1H3,((H.3,4) YKey: «ТБСБХВТЕАМЕЗО-УФФФАОЯ-Н Y SMILES CC(O)»O Свойства Химическая формула C2H4O2 Молар масса 60,052 г»mol-1 Внешний вид Бесцветная жидкость Odor Heavily уксус-как Плотность 1.049 г см-3 (жидкость); 1,27 г см3 (твердая) точка плавления от 16 до 17 градусов по Цельсию; от 61 до 62 градусов по Фаренгейту; от 289 до 290 K Точка кипения от 118 до 119 градусов по Цельсию; от 244 до 246 градусов по Фаренгейту; 391 to 392 K Solubility in water Miscible log P - 0.28[4] Acidity (pKa) 4.756 (H2O)[5]12.6 (DMSO)[6] Basicity (pKb) 9.24 (basicity of acetate ion) Conjugate base Acetate Magnetic susceptibility (χ) -31.54·10−6 cm3/mol Refractive index (nD) 1.371 (VD = 18.19) Viscosity 1.22 mPa s Dipole moment 1.74 D Thermochemistry Heat capacity (C) 123.1 J K−1 mol−1 Std molarentropy (So298) 158.0 J K−1 mol−1 Std enthalpy offormation (ΔfH⦵298) -483.88–483.16 kJ mol−1 Std enthalpy ofcombustion (ΔcH⦵298) -875.50– 874.82 kJ mol−1 Pharmacology ATC code G01AD02 (WHO) S02AA10 (WHO) Hazards Safety data sheet See: data page GHS pictograms GHS Signal word Danger GHS hazard statements H226, H314 GHS precautionary statements P280, P305+351+338, P310 NFPA 704 (fire diamond) 2 3 0 Flash point 40 °C (104 °F; 313 K) Autoignitiontemperature 427 °C (801 °F; 700 K) Explosive limits 4–16% Lethal dose or concentration (LD , LC): LD50 (medium dose) 3.31 g kg No.1, oral (rat) LC50 (average concentration) 5620 ppm (mouse, 1 hour)16,000 ppm (rat, 4 hours) NIOSH (U.S. health impact restrictions): PEL (acceptable) TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3) REL (Recommended) TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3) ST 15 ppm (37 mg/m3) Associated Compounds Associated Carboxyline Acid Formic acidPropionic acid Associated Compounds Acetaldehyde Acetamide Acetatid acetatid A Acetonide acetone atcetonitril Acetylchloride ethanol ethyl potassium acetate acetate acetate tioacetic acid Additional data page Structure and Entrepreneurs Refractive Index (n). Thermodynamic Data Behavior Phase of The Solid-Liquid-Gas Spectral Data OF UV, IR, JMR, MS Except when otherwise noted, data are given materials in their standard state (at 25 degrees Celsius, Celsius, N check (what is YN?) Infobox refers to acetic acid /əˈsiːtɪk/, systematically referred to as ethanol /ˌɛθəˈnoʊɪk/, is a colorless liquid organic compound with the chemical formula CH3COOH (also written as CH3CO2H, C2H4O2, or HC2H3O2). When undiluted, it is sometimes called glacial acetic acid. Vinegar is at least 4% acetic acid by volume, making acetic acid the main component of vinegar other than water. Vinegar acid has a characteristic sour taste and pungent smell. In addition to household vinegar, it is mainly produced as a precursor to polyvinyl acetate and cellulose acetate. It is classified as a weak acid, as it is only partially disassociated in the solution, but concentrated acetic acid is corrosive and can attack the skin. Acetic acid is the second simplest carboxic acid (after cream acid). It consists of a methyl group attached to the carboxil group. It is an important chemical reagent and industrial chemical used mainly in the production of cellulose acetate for film, polyvinyl acetate for wood glue, as well as synthetic fibers and tissues. In households, diluted acetic acid is often used in descaling agents. In the food industry, acetic acid is controlled by the E260 food additive code as a regulator of acidity and as a condiment. In biochemistry, the acetyl group derived from acetic acid is fundamental to all life forms. When tied to Coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. The global demand for acetic acid is about 6.5 million metric tons per year (Mt/a), of which approximately 1.5 Mt/a is processed; the rest is made from methanol. Vinegar mainly dilutes acetic acid, often produced by fermentation and subsequent ethanol oxidation. The trivial name for acetic acid is the most commonly used and preferred name of IUPAC. The systematic name of ethanol, the real name IUPAC, is built in accordance with the replacement nomenclature. The name acetic acid comes from acetum, the Latin word for vinegar, and is associated with the word acid itself. Glacial acetic acid is the name of acetic acid, free of water (anhydrous). Similar to the German name Eisessig (ice vinegar), the name comes from ice crystals that form just below room temperature at 16.6 degrees Celsius (61.9 degrees Fahrenheit) (the presence of 0.1% water reduces the melting point by 0.2 degrees Celsius). A common symbol of acetic acid is AcOH, where Ac is a symbol of pseudo-element, representing the acetyl group CH3-C (ZO); Conjug base, acetate (CH3COO), is thus presented as ACHO. (The Ac is not Confused with the symbol of the element's actification; context prevents confusion among organic chemists). To better reflect its structure, acetic acid is often spelled as CH3-C(O)OH, CH3'C (ZO) OH, CH3COOH, and CH3CO2H. In the context of acid-base reactions, the acronym HAc sometimes sometimes where ac in this case is a symbol of acetate (not acetyla). Acetate ion as a result of the loss of H e from acetic acid. The name acetate may also refer to salt containing this anion, or ester acetic acid. Свойства кристаллов уксусной кислоты Кислотность Водородный центр в карбоксил-группе (COOH) в карбоксилиновых кислотах, таких как уксусная кислота, может отделяться от молекулы ионизацией: CH3COOH ⇌ CH3CO2 Уксусная кислота является слабой монопротической кислотой. In aqueous solution, it has a pKa value of 4.76. Its conjugation base is acetate (CH3COO). Solution 1.0 M (about the concentration of domestic vinegar) has a pH of 2.4, which indicates that only 0.4% of the molecules of acetic acid are separated. However, in a very diluted (10-6 M) acetic acid solution, 90% is dissociated. Cyclical dimer of acetic acid; Dotted green lines represent a hydrogen bond Structure In solid acetic acid, molecules form chains, separate molecules, interconnected hydrogen bonds. Dimers can be found in a pair at 120 degrees Celsius (248 degrees Fahrenheit). Dimers are also found in the liquid phase of diluted solutions in solvents not related to hydrogen, and to some extent in pure acetic acid, but are disturbed by hydrogen solvents. Dissociation of enthalpy dimer is estimated at 65.0-66.0 kJ/mol, and entropy dissociation at 154-157 J mol'1 K'1. Other carboxylic acids are involved in similar intermolecular interactions with hydrogen. Liquid acetic acid solvent properties are hydrophilic (polar) protic solvents similar to ethanol and water. With moderate relative static tolerance (dielectric constant) 6.2, it dissolves not only polar compounds such as inorganic salts and sugars, but also non-polar compounds such as oils as well as polar solutions. It is incorrectly with polar and non-polar solvents such as water, chloroform and hexane. In higher alcans (starting with octane number) acetic acid is not faulty in all compositions, and the salt of acetic acid in alcans is reduced with longer n-alkanes. The properties of solvent and the error of acetic acid make it a useful industrial chemical, for example, as a solvent in the production of dimethyltherepthalate. Biochemistry In physiological pH acetic acid is usually completely ionized for acetate. The acetyl group, formally derived from acetic acid, is fundamental to all life forms. When tied to Coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. Unlike long-range carboxicic acids (fatty acids), acetic acid is not found in natural triglycerides. However, artificial triaceridide triacetin (glycerin triacetate) is a common food supplement and occurs in and topical medicines. Acetic acid is produced and excreted by acetic acid bacteria, in particular, genus Acetobacter and Clostridium acetobutylicum. These bacteria are found everywhere in food, water and soil, and acetic acid is produced naturally as fruits and other foods spoil. Vinegar acid is also a component of vaginal lubrication of humans and other primates, where it appears to serve as a mild antibacterial agent. The plant for the purification and concentration of acetic acid in 1884 is made industrially both synthetically and through bacterial fermentation. About 75% of the acetic acid made for use in the chemical industry is done by carbonylating methanol, explained below. The biological route is only about 10% of the world's production, but it remains important for the production of vinegar, because many food purity laws require vinegar used in food to be biologically original. Other processes include isomerization of methyl format, conversion of singase into acetic acid and oxidation of gas phase ethylene and ethanol. Acetic acid is often a by-product of various reactions, i.e. in the heterogeneous synthesis of catalytic acrylic acid. As of 2003-2005, the total world production of virgin acetic acid was estimated at 5 Mt/a (million tons per year), about half of which was produced in the United States.
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