World Information Service on Energy founded in 1978 NUCLEAR MONITOR A Publication of World Information Service on Energy (WISE) and the Nuclear Information & Resource Service (NIRS), incorporating the former WISE News Communique

#567 North American Edition May 3, 2002 EXELON PULLS OUT OF PEBBLE- BED PROJECT Exelon Corporation – the world’s third largest private nuclear utility, and largest in the USA – stunned the energy community on 16 April by announcing its withdrawal from the controversial “pebble-bed modular reactor” (PBMR) development consortium, which is planning to build a prototype reactor in South Africa.

(567.5398) NEIS - As reasons Exelon Exelon’s withdrawal. At the first ESP states it did not see reactor Exelon shareholders meeting in April development as part of its core 2001, NEIS’ director (an Exelon Exelon announced on 30 April that business strategy, wishing instead to shareholder) brought the issue before it will apply for an Early Site focus more on power marketing, the shareholders, warning that Permit (ESP) to build a second production and distribution. It also unless the company was very reactor at Clinton, 160 miles (250 did not see a very immediate forthcoming and open about PBMR km) south of Chicago. The Clinton shareholder return on its US$20 development information and site was designed for two reactors; million investment. Publicly, it progress to shareholders, it risked a one 985 MW BWR was built, but a states confidence in the viability of shareholder lawsuit if the project second was cancelled in 1983. An PBMR technology, and may even failed. ESP does not commit a company to become a future buyer, should PBMRs building a new reactor – the work. In August at the WISE/NIRS-co- company can sit on the permit for sponsored Nuclear Free Great Lakes 20 years and still do nothing. For the past two years activists Action Camp held in Illinois, USA, Exelon said it has not yet decided encouraged Exelon’s withdrawal. The Exelon Watch International – a group on which reactor model to use if it South African Green movement of over 20 activists representing 12 does go ahead. challenged the project – and their countries – demonstrated at Exelon’s Platts, 30 April 2002 government, which reneged on its Illinois headquarters, demanding promise to remain non-nuclear – Exelon’s withdrawal. Exelon refused The remaining consortium partners – early on. In early 2001 US-based to meet with them, and ignored their ESKOM of South Africa, British Nuclear Energy Information Service petition. Nuclear Fuels, plc., and South Africa’s of Illinois sent a formal letter to Industrial Development Corp. – have Exelon co-chairs John Rowe and Exelon’s partnership share of PBMR announced intentions to continue Corbin MacNeill, bluntly requesting Pty., Ltd., amounted to only 12.5%. development without Exelon, although they may seek a new partner. The feasibility phase of development is scheduled to end IN THIS ISSUE: later this year, with actual construction of the first reactor in South Africa at the Koeberg reactor Exelon pulls out of pebble-bed project 1 site scheduled to begin in 2004, with European Commission unable to monitor nuclear industry 2 completion scheduled for 2007. Rethinking nuclear energy and democracy after 09/11 4 What exactly does Exelon’s withdrawal indicate? Davis-Besse: radioactive particles, "band-aid" solutions 5 In brief 6 Exelon’s stated reasons for withdrawal may be legitimate. However, Exelon never engages in HTR/PBMR activity that is not in its own long- On 21 April, the Dutch Coalition of Anti Nuclear Groups (LPTK) protested at term best interest. Other Exelon- the opening meeting of the international HTR 2002 Conference. Some 15 related events and activities may activists blockaded the entrance of the restaurant in the Dutch town of Den reveal its true intentions: Helder where the reception was held. The 100 participants were offered “radioactive food”, like mushrooms from Ukraine and pigeon meat from - The early retirement of Exelon’s co- . After one hour the police succeeded in removing the activists. The CEO and PBMR promoter Corbin three-day conference itself started the next day at the Dutch Energy Research MacNeill left the project without an Foundation in Petten. internal champion. His co-chair John Rowe now takes over the company. An international task team studying the feasibility of building a Pebble Bed Rowe’s priority is in transmission/ Modular Reactor (PBMR) in South Africa released its report to the distribution functions, while director government. According to the team, lack of clarity prevails on technical and of Nuclear Power Operations Oliver financial aspects and the team doubted the economical feasibility of the Kingsley seems to favor larger-sized project. The conclusions are a further disappointment to the PBMR company projects, and – according to insiders – in light of expectations that its recommendations would be largely favorable. may be in line to replace Rowe, should he retire. Aktielijst (NL), 22 April 2002; Business Day, 22 April 2002 - Exelon may accept the US government’s offer to utilize federal promoted and larger Westinghouse Kingsley eventually become Exelon’s property for the next reactor siting, AP-1000 reactors, currently before the CEO, large-scale nuclear programs which could shorten licensing time Nuclear Regulatory Commission for might again become Exelon’s by by-passing the need for new EIS’s approval. priority. and preventing most activist intervention opportunities. Exelon’s withdrawal from the PBMR Source and contact: Dave Kraft, program seems to have little impact Nuclear Energy Information Service, - Rumors of re-opening the currently on the future of PBMR development. P.O. Box 1637, Evanston, IL 60204- shuttered Zion, Illinois reactor site, However, it may signal a whole new 1637, US which previously housed two 1,080 era of large-scale reactor additions to Tel: +1 847 869 7650 MW PWRs, continue despite Exelon’s Exelon’s existing nuclear fleet of 17 Fax: +1 847 869 7658 denial. The site would have been a operating US reactors, on sites that E-mail [email protected] candidate for PBMRs, and may be will minimize challenges from safe- Web www.neis.org even more suitable for the newly energy activists. Should Oliver EUROPEAN COMMISSION UNABLE TO MONITOR NUCLEAR INDUSTRY In a hearing in Brussels on 18 April, the European Commission admitted that it has neither the resources nor the information to monitor the nuclear industry in countries like Britain and France. This admission served once more to highlight the ongoing controversy around Sellafield and La Hague.

(567.5399) WISE Amsterdam – “I News Communique 559.5348, “STOA radiological effects of the two can’t say to people that they report condemns reprocessing”). reprocessing plants. shouldn’t worry”, admitted Environment Commissioner Margot The report, Possible toxic effects A lot of controversy has revolved Wallström during a public hearing in from the nuclear reprocessing plants around the possibility of a terrorist Brussels. She said that people’s fears at Sellafield (UK) and Cap de la Hague attack on La Hague or Sellafield, should be taken seriously, and that (France), was published last year by which was examined by WISE-Paris the public is entitled to information. the European Parliament’s Scientific in a separate report. However, at present the European and Technological Options Commission does not have the Assessment (STOA) unit. Mycle Schneider, director of WISE resources to check the information Paris and chief author of the report, they receive from member states. WISE-Paris (which is entirely defended his estimate that one independent of WISE Amsterdam) million people could die as a result The hearing was to discuss the produced the report, which includes of a terrorist attack, saying that the controversial STOA report (see WISE comprehensive information on the estimate was not sensational.

2 WISE/NIRS Nuclear Monitor 567, 3 May 2002 After the 11 September attacks, anti- The pollution at Sellafield was Not only this, but the Japanese aircraft missiles were installed near underlined by recent revelations that authorities have not yet licensed the La Hague, though they have since technetium-99 has now been found cask in which the MOX fuel is to be been removed. No such missiles were in soil outside the Sellafield site. The shipped. An earlier license was installed at Sellafield, apparently source was believed to be sludge revoked when it was discovered that because of fears that the missiles tanks in building B241, which were levels of plutonium-241 – the single could misfire and hit the plant itself! constructed in the 1950s and were largest source of radioactivity in the However, it is not just terrorism that described in a 1998 report by the cask – will be up to twice as high as poses a threat – the consequences of Nuclear Installations Inspectorate as originally estimated. a serious accident at one of the “in an unacceptable condition for reprocessing plants could be similar long term storage”. Finally, pointed out the to those of a terrorist attack. dangers of collecting the MOX right in the middle of the FIFA World Cup Also, even during normal operation, Greenpeace pointed out in Japan, while soccer fans from all 80% of the collective dose of the the dangers of collecting around the world are present and French nuclear industry and 90% of the MOX right in the security resources are stretched to the radionuclide emissions and middle of the FIFA World the limit. discharges from the UK nuclear Cup in Japan, while soccer program come from reprocessing, Postcard protest according to the STOA report. fans from all around the Irish protesters marked Chernobyl world are present and day by sending more than 1.2 million Some of the information in the STOA security resources are anti-Sellafield postcards to Britain report – such as how emissions of stretched to the limit. (see WISE/NIRS Nuclear Monitor 565, some radionuclides have increased in “In brief”). Ali Hewson, who recent years – was illustrated at the organized the protest, delivered one meeting by means of additional Falsified MOX - a nuclear football? such postcard in person to British graphs, which can be viewed on the On Chernobyl day (26 April), two Prime Minister . “Sellafield WISE-Paris web site (www.wise- BNFL ships left Barrow-in-Furness in has the potential to be 80 times the paris.org). northern England, bound for Japan, size of the Chernobyl accident”, she in order to collect the MOX fuel said, adding, “It has 75 tonnes of One item of interest is a diagram of which was the subject of the famous wind frequency at La Hague, showing falsification scandal (see WISE News that the wind from La Hague often Communique 518.5083, “BNFL blows in the direction of London or fiddling MOX quality control data”). WISE Amsterdam/NIRS Amsterdam but rarely in the ISSN: 0889-3411 direction of Paris! Greenpeace claims that the shipment We apologize for producing a WISE/ is illegal because the US has given NIRS Nuclear Monitor which is only 8 BNFL criticized approval on the basis that the pages instead of the normal 12 pages, Irish MEP Nuala Ahern (Greens) plutonium is to be recovered and due to one of the co-editors being accused John Clarke, BNFL’s head of returned to Japan in the form of sick. safety, of lying over their plans to fresh MOX fuel. However, the UK increase discharges from the plant. government has told Parliament that Reproduction of this material is He had said that BNFL had not the falsified MOX will be stored at encouraged. Please give credit when applied for an increase in the legal Sellafield while BNFL decides what reprinting. limit of discharges at Sellafield. to do with it. Editorial team: Stuart Field, Robert However, he was forced to admit that Jan van den Berg (WISE Amsterdam), discharges of some radionuclides Also, the UK has promised the Irish Michael Mariotte (NIRS) With were indeed rising, as stated in the government and the International contributions from the Nuclear STOA report. Tribunal on the Law of the Sea Energy Information Service (NEIS). (ITLOS) that there will be no On the same day as the meeting, transports associated with the The next issue of the WISE/NIRS Wallström also criticized the operation of the Sellafield MOX Nuclear Monitor (567) will be mailed appointment of former environment plant until October 2002. Greenpeace out on 17 May 2002. director-general Jim Currie as non- therefore argues that the return Oops! In the last issue, the e-mail for executive director of BNFL. Later, on shipment of falsified MOX must be Solange Fernex should have been 29 April, it was reported that the in breach either of the US [email protected] and the web European Commission will bar authorization or the undertakings site for the international summer Currie from taking up BNFL’s offer of given to ITLOS. camp in the Wendland is: a directorship. www.sommercamp-im-wendland.de

3 May 2002, WISE/NIRS Nuclear Monitor 567 3 plutonium on site. It can’t but be at replace the old MAPu facility, but has April 2002; comment from John the top of any terrorist’s list.” a larger capacity (80 kg/day compared Large at IPPNW conference, Basle, 26 to 36 kg/day for MAPu). It also has April 2002; European Voice, 18 April New plant at La Hague the capability to reprocess irradiated 2002; The Independent, 29 April For the reprocessing plants MOX and other types of fuel as well 2002; The Guardian, 18 April 2002; themselves, it seems to be business as conventional irradiated fuel, Greenpeace press release, 26 April as usual despite the ongoing terrorist though this would require a 2002; WISE-Paris, 27 March 2002; threats. Indeed, a new plutonium modification to the plant’s license. WNA News Briefing, 24-30 April 2002 purification and conversion plant has been put into operation at La Hague. Sources: , 19 April Contact: WISE Amsterdam The new plant, R4, is intended to 2002; Email from Patricia Lorenz, 24 RETHINKING NUCLEAR ENERGY AND DEMOCRACY AFTER 09/11 “Rethinking nuclear energy and democracy after 09/11” was the name of a conference in Basle, Switzerland organized by the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW).

(567.5400) WISE Amsterdam - The on what has changed since the 11 Evening debate conference began on 26 April 2002, September terrorist attacks. British In the evening of 26 April, a round the 16th anniversary of the consultant John Large examined the table discussion was held on . The Swiss section question of whether the terrorist “Nuclear Energy in a Democratic of International Physicians for the attacks will put an end to State – What Role for Decentralized Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW) probabilistic risk analysis. He pointed Decision Making?” This was opepned organized the conference. The out that for most nuclear by Professor Gerhard Roller, who said conference was held in Basle, which installations, aircraft crashes were that after 11 September there is a is on the border with France and considered too improbable and were danger of “radioactive decay” of our Germany. not planned for in the design. basic rights.

Basle is near several nuclear reactors, Since 11 September, an aircraft crash One of the participants was Olivier including Fessenheim, the oldest has become a “credible event”. As for Deleuze, the Belgian Environment operating French nuclear power the relevance of probabilistic risk Minister. Nuclear power generates station (see WISE/NIRS Nuclear analysis in the post-11 September over half of Belgium’s electricity; Monitor 566.5394, “Nuclear issue world, Large said it should only be nevertheless, a nuclear phaseout has affects French presidential used as an “engineering check”. been agreed (see WISE/NIRS Nuclear elections”). However, it is also near Monitor 564.5383, “Belgian nuclear two sites where protests stopped the Despite this, several speakers phaseout”). When asked how this construction of nuclear power plants pointed out that the nuclear industry was achieved, Deleuze replied that in the 1970s: Kaiseraugst keeps pretending it is business as most people in Belgium used to (Switzerland) and Wyhl (Germany). usual. Even when there have been consider nuclear power a necessary The canton (district) of Basle has a changes since last year’s terrorist evil; the phaseout decision therefore law prohibiting the use of electricity attacks, other factors may be to simply involved convincing people of nuclear origin, even though 40% of blame. For example, Exelon’s that nuclear power is unnecessary. Swiss electricity is nuclear. decision to pull out of developing the He said that convincing Belgians of Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (PBMR) the need for “demand-side Over half of the speakers were anti- has a lot to do with the departure of management” (i.e. saving energy) will nuclear campaigners but the speakers CEO Corbin McNeill (see “Exelon be harder. also included a deputy director pulls out of pebble bed project” in general of the IAEA, a speaker from this WISE/NIRS Nuclear Monitor). Deleuze, who is also a former head of the Swiss nuclear safety authority, Greenpeace Belgium, concluded the and a speaker from the World Health Although the PBMR’s lack of a discussion by saying that now Organization (WHO). There was even containment building does make it nuclear phaseout has been agreed a speaker from the French Ministry especially vulnerable to terrorist “the next ‘baton’ is: We must get of Defense! attacks, other design problems such together and think how we can kill as the “chaotic” movement of the Euratom!” He quickly added that this Despite the conference title, only fuel “pebbles” through the reactor was a personal view and not the some of the speakers really focused were also highlighted. policy of the Belgian government…

4 WISE/NIRS Nuclear Monitor 567, 3 May 2002 Speakers on the second day of the ATOMIC LIES conference included Dr. Keith Before the conference, there was a church service to commemorate the Baverstock from the WHO. Baverstock Chernobyl victims and a preview of the film “Atomic Lies”. In this 40-minute had been in charge of the Emergency documentary, shortly to be shown on Swiss TV, former WHO director-general Preparedness Project which was Hiroshi Nakajima admits on film that the IAEA were responsible for the non- launched as a joint initiative of the publication of the proceedings of a joint IAEA-WHO conference on the effects European office of the World Health of Chernobyl (see WISE News Communique 547.5262, “Chernobyl 15 years Organization (WHO) and Ministry of on: Health information still suppressed”). It contradicts official WHO claims Health and Social Affairs of Finland that its agreement with the IAEA has never prevented it from being totally (see WISE News Communique 503, free and open on health effects of nuclear power (see WISE News “In Brief”). Communique 521.5111, “Conflict of interest between IAEA and WHO”). Baverstock said that Professor The campaign to amend the agreement between the IAEA and WHO Bandazhevsky’s work on the continues – for more information, contact Solange Fernex, President, radiological effects of cesium-137 was Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom, French section, 114, interesting and worthy of further rue de Vaugirard, 75006 Paris, France investigation. Bandazhevsky himself Fax: +33 3 89 40 78 04 remains in prison in Belarus (see Email: [email protected] WISE News Communique 553.5308, “Belarus: Bandazhevsky adopted as prisoner of conscience”). he said the IAEA was unable to put shifted so that work can begin. One full on-site surveillance in place of the first actions was to install On the other hand, the presentation during construction of a “JNFL fuel radiation detectors at all the entry by IAEA deputy director-general Dr. plant” in Japan. points of IAEA headquarters in David Waller was essentially a Vienna, Austria – mainly, it seems, to marketing spiel. However, in The IAEA’s response to 11 September avoid the public embarrassment of questions afterwards, he admitted was to set up an action plan finding radioactive material in their that the IAEA sometimes does not estimated to cost US$10 million per offices! have enough money to implement year. Not all of this money has been full-scope safeguards. For example, raised, so other programs have been Source and contact: WISE Amsterdam DAVIS-BESSE: RADIOACTIVE PARTICLES, “BAND-AID” SOLUTION At the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, which is still reeling from the discovery of a hole in the reactor head (see WISE/NIRS Nuclear Monitor 565.5385, “Millimeters from disaster”), a new scandal has broken. Radioactive particles from nuclear fuel have been found in various locations including a hotel room. Meanwhile, operator FirstEnergy is proposing a “band-aid” solution to the hole in the reactor head – an incident which has been described as the “closest brush with disaster since the 1979 Three Mile Island accident”.

(567.5401) WISE Amsterdam – A radioactive particles. This raises the Oconee who had previously worked total of 13 radioactive particles have question as to whether more at Davis-Besse. Further investigation been “recovered from four particles may have escaped the site. led to particles being found at a hotel individuals, their clothing, in Port Clinton, South Carolina and a residences or hotel rooms”, according The first particle was found on 22 worker’s home in Lynchburg, to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory March, when a worker reported for Virginia. Commission (NRC). The activities of duty at another nuclear power the particles ranged from station, Oconee in South Carolina. A radioactive particle was also found approximately 2-80 nanocuries. After the radiation monitors sounded on the shoe of a fourth worker who on the way in, staff discovered that arrived at the Comanche Peak An NRC investigation found that one the worker had last worked at Davis- nuclear power station near Fort of three devices used to screen Besse. Worth, Texas after working at Davis- workers at the plant had been set to Besse. carry out whole body counts of Particles were then found on the radiation rather than detecting clothing of two other workers at The four workers are employees of

3 May 2002, WISE/NIRS Nuclear Monitor 567 5 Framatome ANP, the nuclear services plans before deciding whether the Former NRC commissioner Victor company formed by the merger of utility will be allowed to go ahead Gilinsky was more forthright: “The the nuclear divisions of Framatome with its plans. U.S. nuclear industry just had its and Siemens. closest brush with disaster since the Daniel F. Ford, who from 1971 to 1979 Three Mile Island accident”. He “Band-Aid” fix 1979 was executive director of the pointed out that a hole in a reactor FirstEnergy’s repair plan has been Union of Concerned Scientists, was considered such an unlikely described as a “Band-Aid” fix. The described the proposal as a “steel scenario that it was never studied as basic idea is to carve out the Band-Aid”. He said that Davis-Besse’s part of the safety case for the reactor. damaged area and insert a stainless underlying problems were legendary: He described the NRC’s public steel plate weighing 300 to 400 “The Nuclear Regulatory Commission statements as indicating a “failure to pounds. Three control rod nozzles has let Davis-Besse operate year in face up to reality”, and pointed out would be blanked off and the control and year out with documented bad that the NRC gave Davis-Besse top rods relocated. The steel plate would maintenance”. grades in its quarterly rating just be welded in place by robots. The before the incident. repair plan is estimated to cost Cause still unknown US$16 million. The 170-page “Root Cause Analysis While FirstEnergy keeps proposing Report” of 18 April, which its “Band-Aid” patch for the reactor Rather surprisingly, the plate that FirstEnergy submitted to the NRC, before they know the full details of FirstEnergy is planning to fit is still “leaves key questions open”, what actually happened, we must ask thinner than the reactor head itself! according to trade journal Nucleonics ourselves how long it will be before Quite apart from concerns that this Week. another “impossible” accident could result in a “weak spot”, this happens at a nuclear power plant. means that a “ditch” would be left on The cracking which led to the control Those who finance the nuclear the outside of the reactor vessel, rod nozzle leaks has been known for industry should ask themselves the which could provide an ideal place years (see WISE News Communique same question. for boric acid to accumulate if further 553.5309, “US: NRC ignores leaks occurred. widespread safety flaw for decade”). Sources: NRC preliminary The leaking reactor water evaporated, notification, 16 April 2002; Las Vegas Although the stainless steel plate leaving boric acid which collected on Sun, 25 April 2002; NRC news itself should resist boric acid, the the reactor head. release, 17 April 2002; Associated surrounding metal of the reactor Press, 17 April 2002; Toledo Blade, 18 vessel head clearly would not. However, FirstEnergy was clearly in April 2002; The Plain Dealer, 18 April the dark as to what happened next in 2002; Email from Dave Lochbaum, 23 Commenting on this “thinner plate” this unprecedented incident. All they April 2002; Email from Jan Strasma proposal, Jan Strasma from the NRC’s could offer was a list of seven (NRC), 24 April 2002; New York Office of Public Affairs said, “I do not possible mechanisms for , 13 April 2002; Nucleonics have the basis of the utility’s corrosion that caused the large hole Week, 25 April 2002; Washington selection of that particular concept”. at one control rod nozzle and a Post, 28 April 2002 The NRC must review the repair smaller hole at another nozzle. Contact: NIRS IN BRIEF Chernobyl day memorials... Actions unprecedented police violence. Ten asked people to think of Professor to mark the 16th anniversary of the minutes after the action started, the Bandazhevsky in prison in Belarus Chernobyl disaster took place all police arrived and without any (see “Rethinking nuclear energy and around the world. Candles were lit to warning started to beat and arrest democracy after 09/11” in this WISE/ commemorate the dead in Ukraine, journalists as well as activists. NIRS Nuclear Monitor). “The defense while in neighboring Belarus, which ENS, 26 April 2002 of democracy includes also the received a large proportion of the defense of those who suffer today fallout, thousands gathered to call for …fasting… There was also a “fast for under a totalitarian regime”, they government and international help, nuclear phaseout”, with groups said. demanding and end to food being outside La Hague and Bure in France, Press release of “fast for nuclear grown on contaminated land. at Gorleben in Germany and at phaseout” collective, 23 April 2002 , 29 April 2002 Sellafield and Dungeness in the UK. Responding to the shock of right- …and protests. 5000 people …actions… In Russia, a protest on wing extremist Le Pen reaching the marched through Helsinki in protest Red Square in Moscow against the second round of the French against plans to build a fifth reactor import of nuclear waste was met by presidential elections, protestors in Finland, in what was believed to

6 WISE/NIRS Nuclear Monitor 567, 3 May 2002 be the country’s largest between S.517 and the House bill EU-wide safety standards for nuclear demonstration of any kind since the passed last August still have to be plants. The Austrian government had early 1990s. The Finnish government worked out in a conference made similar calls at the EU summit is set to decide on the proposal on 24 committee. in Belgium last December (see WISE May. Around 700 Finnish women are Platts, 26 April 2002; www.nirs.org News Communique 560.5356, on a “baby strike”, vowing they will “Common safety standards for not give birth in the next four years Yucca vote. The US House of Europe?”). How far the proposal will unless the government scraps the Representatives is expected to decide get is unclear, since France and the plan. soon on whether to override U.K., with their reprocessing plants Reuters, 5 and 29 April 2002 Nevada’s veto of the Yucca Mountain and powerful nuclear lobbies, have nuclear waste dump (see WISE/NIRS long opposed such moves. Senate energy bill. The US Senate Nuclear Monitor 566.5391, “Nevada’s Dow Jones Newswires, 23 April 2002 energy bill S.517 was passed on 25 veto sends Yucca decision to April 2002. The bill includes Congress”). The House Energy and World’s oldest NPP closed. The provisions to benefit the nuclear Commerce Committee voted on 25 world’s oldest operating nuclear industry, such as extending the Price- April to override the veto, and a full power plant at Obninsk in Russia has Anderson Act insurance scheme, House vote could come as early as been closed. The 5-megawatt with modifications designed to May 8th. A vote in the Senate is prototype reactor had been operating benefit the proposed Pebble Bed expected in June or July. since 1954. The authorities plan to Modular Reactor. It includes a lot of Las Vegas Review-Journal, 26 April turn it into a nuclear energy the pro-nuclear provisions described 2002; NIRS Action Alert, 1 May 2002 museum. in NIRS Nuclear Monitor January- RosBusinessConsulting, 30 April February 2001, “The Senate energy EU-wide nuclear safety standards? 2002 bill: the pursuit of a brown, dying European Commissioner for Energy, planet”. However, differences Loyola de Palacio, has joined calls for

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