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Kt/STORYoftenforumdemonstration centerssponsored by theUnited StatesOffice ofEducation, managed bylocal educa- tional ageRcies,devoted to civicenlightenment throughfree publicdiscussion....

7 CON TENTS

I. Page r Foreword-4. W.Studebaker ...... 1 . ' Presidential Quotations . . 111 . 2 Statement by HaroldL Ickes ...... 3 EducationalPioneeringThe story of the tendemonstration centers . . . 4 ..r Letten fromBoards ofEducAon...... 6

Newspaper Quotations ...... 8 Colorado Springs PublicForumi. . . . 11 . Manchester Public Forums . . s . . 14 Monongalia County PublicForums ...... 16 ForumFacultyPictures andbiographical sketches ...... Ill ...... 24 Topics Discussed . , . Future Steps ...... 27

Corer designby WilliamThompson

V

'7.4112.10-- BULLETIN, 1936,No. 16

UNITED STATESDEPARTMENT OF THEINTERIOR HAROLD 1.4ICKES,SECRETARY OFFICE OFEDUCATION J. W.STUDEBAKER,COMMISSIONER

UNITED STATESGOVERNMENT PRINTINGOFFICE WASHINGTON:I936

. Price tO cents Forsale by theSuperintendent of Documents,Washington, D. C. rr

a FOREWORD

a

ATAtime when free speech andassemblyare.being suppressed inmanypartsof the world,ourdemocracy is takingastepforward in promoting free public discussion. The conviction thatdemocraticgovernment rests on aninformed electoratewasthe basis for establishing afree public-school syitemand State universities.But the swift changes inoursocial and economic life and the complex natureof modern problems requireeduca- tional facilitiesbeyond the usualprogramsfor children 4.....,op-,:,;:,.;: :..- V. , ,,. .-.1 . ....rf. ... of public educationnow -.. .;.t...,. and youth.The agencies 4.,.. 2,. . : --- ,.. " k ..,.:.4 :v - , responsibility of assistingadult citizens inan i...,,e , have the .:q. tik -E ]() . _ organized questfor understanding_oLpublic affairs. The forump gramsdescribed in thispublication offer I .. a patternby which the function of adult civic educationmaybe develop . Letmeenumeratebriefly the basic principles andprovisionswhicharefundamental to the publicforuim demonstrations: Local Responsibility .and Control.Each project isorganized and managed by thelocal educational authori- ties under the policiesprescribed by school boards andsuggested byadvisory committees. Forum Leadersand other staff membersareselected by thelocalagencyof publiceducation. Subjects for Discussionaredetermined by the local managemiwtwith theaid and advice oflocal adviso n ; szt) , COMMittees. i4 TenorMore Forum Meetingsareheld in each neighborhootlin the community,serving bothurbannd riNOV rural people. vr. r 4,4 Freetothe Public.The forumsmaybe attended by allwithoutindividual-charge. Each Project isaDemonstration Center and isexpected tocontribute itsexperience andresearch to the public\ ' agencies ofeducation in its region andtothe Nationas awhole. No greatercontributioncanbe made by the American systemof publiceducation to the great causeof demo- cratic freedom than the practical organizationof adequateopportunitiesforour.citizens tostudy, debate, and discuss the important issuesaffecting the lives and welfare ofthe people.I hope thatthis publicationmaybe followed bymany more,describingaprogressing national programof adult civiceducation under local management. I congratulate thete.n superintendents of schools in administrativepositions inthe tendemonstration proj- ects upontheir pioneering work and earnestdevotiontothis significantprogram.

z.e °IF

J. W.STUDEBAKER, CommissionerofEducation and Administratorof theProgram.

1 122933 , I a ' PRESIDENTSSAY: o ,

GEORGE WASHINGTON "Promote,as anobject of primaryimport- ance,institutions for the generaldiffusion

of knowledge.In proportionasthestruc- W.4 li tureofa governmentgives forcetopublic opinion itisessential that public opinion should be enlightened." , . AIt THOMAS JEFFERSON "I havetwo great measures at heart, without whichnorepubliccanmaintain itself in strength: First, that of general education,to enableevery man tojudge for himself what willsecure orendanger his freedom.Sec- , ond, that all children of eachcountyshall ". -X.7 be within reach ofa r. 7 t ,., central school."

.

ABRAHAM LINCOLN "I view educationasthemost important subject whichwe as apeopleareengaged in * * * by whichwe mayduly appreciate the value ofourfree institutions."

WOODROW WILSON "The wholepurposeof democracy is thatwe mayhold counsel withoneanother,so as not td dependuponthe understanding of one manbuttodependuponthecommon counsel of 0." .

- . .

I:. HERBERT HOOVER "Although education is'primarilya respon- sibility of theStates and local communities, and rightlyso, yetthe Nationas awhole is vitally concernedinits developmentevery- whereto the highest standards andto com- plete universality.Self-governmentcan suc- ceed only throughaninstructed electorate."

FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT "The United States still stakesits faith in th4emocraticwayof life.We believe in the representative formofgovernment. We darenot closeour eyes,however,to thefact that the onlywayin which that representative form ofgovernmentcanpersist is throughan educateii electorate. *We needto have meeting places forthe discussion of public questions,in the cities, hamlets, and onthe farms throughoutthe length and CI breadth of the land." . 2

".; , . t* ; . . ^ ' "":" 'd:4W 4147. THECORNERSTO:NE

v. OFDEMOCRACY

ISEDUCATIOK .

. . . and thatcornerstone mustbe laidupon asolid ground ofacademic freedom. Theprogramdescribedin this publicatiohbrings aboutanessential and practicalcontactbetween recoinized students of socialand.economic problems andthe rank and file ofcitizens in the communities.Ida processo9 free discussion,the adults often communitiesareconside;ingthe vital problems oflocal, national, andinter- national significancewith the aid ofcompetentdiscussion'leaders.In thiswaythosefeWofourcitizenswhi)are .concentrating theirtime and effort inthe pursuit oftruth in the field ofsocial probletnshare the results oftheir' research and studywith theaveragecitizen whocannotdevotemuch timetoaspecialized studyof complex problems. The arrarigementof this Programof free publicdiscu*on andthis association of trainedforum leaders with the citizensseekinga moreintelligent understandingof public affairsareof realconcern to ourinstitutions of education.Themanagement of such adult civic educationalfacilities should 4 be vested iithe localcommunities. Iamproud ofthe leadeishipwhich the Office ofEducation inmyDepartmentstaking insponsoring free public discussionof iital publicproblems.Iamparticularly ,pleasedthat themanagementof thisprogramis left exclusivelyin the hands of localagencies of publiceducation. In ordertopreservethat local rwonsibilityfor educationalplanning which issoessentialtodemocracy, Ihave Oined withthe Commissionerof Educationin allo- catingtothe localauthores of educationselected by the people's boards ofeducation fullresponsibility and , authority for theappointment of allpersonnel and the N.466 determination of subjectstobe discussed. "Without visión . . the people perish."Without 4 1L'. facilities forcontinuous study and discussionof public . . t affairs clearvision isnotapracticalpossibility.With such educationalopportunitiesasthese forumsattempt ,. toprovide,!*timerican democracyshould bestrength- ened and safeguarded.Foranarticulate and informed citizenry is basictogoodgovernmentandtogeneral social well-being. 1 t . . czr ..

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HAROLD. L. ICKES, OU. Secretary of the Interior. : q.

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(tiff ttfttil 41$ At I le II I OMONONGAUA fir COUt4TY, W. VA I 0COLORADO SPRINGS, COLO It OsEDGVACK COUNTY, KAN

-\\C:NGf COUNTY, CAL OHAMILTON \i COUNTY, TENN.fir PULASKI if COUNTY.tit ARK. 111 t t =30,000 Adults\/-

= 5 MeetingsperWeek

If, =1 Broodcosting Station foi f= 1Doily Newspaper PTO ONIALSTAnsrics.te.4c11 EDUCATIONALPIONEERING

1. The Story oF thePlanning andOrganizing oF theTen Nmonstrations

"I'VEHEARDagreatdeal about forums The superintendentof schools in this middle-westerncity in this city",saidavisitortoDes had operated this community-wide systemofpublicforums for Moines,Iowa,toalocalcitizen. 3years.In 1934 hewascalledtoWashingtonasCommis- "Tellme,will there beameetingsioner of Education.The forum idea and practicalplans for tonight that I might attend toseefor its extension journeyed with thenewCommissioner.- myself how theyareconducted ?" The localcitizen smiled."You More Demonstrations arelikeagreat manywho have heard The Des Moines forumshad been sponsored by the Ameri- of thee Des Moines Forums.You canAssociation for AdultEducationas onedemonstration visualizeameeting insomecentral center.The idea andplanwerespreading. Why not stimu- of adult education by establishing C. S. Williams' hall, conducted once'a week Or twicelate the growth of this type Assistant Administrator amonth, where 'peoplemayhearten or twentydemonstration centers in all partsof the Nation? prominent speakers.But that, myfriend, is onlyonesmall The hopeful questionof the Commissioner ofEducationwas phase of the forumprogram.Therearethree fctrum meetingsanswered late in 1935 whena sumof $330,000wasallocated six to from the Federal Emergency Relief 4 tonight.Asmany as20neighborhood forums with fiveor the Office of Education hundred meetingsareconducted throughout the-school year." Appropriation.Themoney was tobe used to establish ten a e 4. 4

V: ..; .. , . ''-4t demonstrationprogramsintendifferent States under localman-'ings,officespacefor the forum staff, light, heat, and janitor agement.Unemployed teachers, librarians, and clerical people service, and theuseof necessary'heavy equipment. onreliefweretoreceive work'opportunities.Theywere tobe In two of thecenterstherewere noschool boardsto(orre- enlisted together with the staffs of local schools andcompetent spond with the districttobe served.In thecaseof Orange forum leaders inapioneeringventure. County, California, the Union High School principalswere constitutedas aspecial County Forum Board, and theproject Selection wasapplied for by this body.Each principal has hisownlocal In December, the Commissioner, who is also Administrator school board.The City Superintendtntin Santa Anawas of the Public Forum Project, invited fourteen well-known civicmade chairman of the 'Forum Board,andwasappointed Ad- and educational leaders of.. the Nationtoaconferencetorecom- ministrator of the project withoutcompensation.Hamilton mendtenlocations for the demonstrations, andtocounsel with County and Chattanooga, Tenn., likewisehadnosingle elected him concerning plans for theprogram. . school board,so aspecial Forum Boardwasconstituted with The members of this conferencewere:Mrs. Mary T. Ban- the County Superintendent of SchoolsasChairman and Ad- nerman,Legislative Chairman, National Congress of Parents ministrator withoutjompensation.Thus in allcases,those and Teachers; Rev. George Johnson, National Catholic Wel- appointedtohcad theprogram wereschool superintendents fare Conferehce; James J. Butler, Correspondent of Editor and who received their regular salaries fromlocal funds. Publisher; S. D. Shank land, Executive Secretary, Department of Superintendence, National Education Association; N. L. No Federal Dictation Engelhardt, Professor of Education, Teachers College, Co- In announcing the liection ofdemOnstrationcenters,Dr. lumbia University; Arthur E. Bestor, President of Chautauqua Studebaker said, "There isnotgoingtobeany set program Institution; Charles H. Judd, Director, School of Education, dictated bymyofficetothe local communities.Wearedoing University of Chicago; George W. Coleman, Ford Hall Forum, this thing partly in ordertofindouthow adult civic education Boston; Carl H. Milam, Secretary, American Library Associa- canbe carriedoutin various kinds of communities under local tion;S. L. Smith, Director, Southern Office Julius Rosenwald control and management." Rind; John. R. Fleming, Assistant Director of Information, Two conferenceswereheld in Washington in whichthe U. S. Department of Agriculture; F. Stuart Fitzpatrick, Man- superintendents in charge of the demonstrationsexchanged ager,Construction and Civic Development Department, U. S. their views and established plans foracooperativeappoach Chamber of Commerce; Chester H. McCall, Special AsSistant totheir problems.The attention of all of themwas center tothe Secretary of Commerce; Miss Florence Thorne,lAmerican onthe three experimental stations whichwereblazing the trail Federation of Labor. in the administration ofa new type.of educationalprogram, This committee agreedupon alist of28 communitiesrepre- andwerelearning the technical procedures required bythe senting various types of school administrations, different indus- relief agencies with which they cooperated.' trial and ruralaspects,and well distributed geographically. A A general planwasdrawnupfor each demonstration giving plan 'devising practical forum districts for administrationpur- abreakdown of the allotted budget, the numberof forum- poses waskept in mind in making the selections. Itwasthen leader positions, and the number of workers from reliefrolls agreed that the Commissioner should makeafurther study of to-be given po-sitions.The superintendentswereleft freeto the .28 locations and selectacombination oftendistricts which follow detailed plans developed in theirowncommunities in would bestexpressthepurposeof the demonstrations. organizing theprogram,selecting their forum leaders, and Afteranextensive exchange of communications with State, arousing community interest. ad county,and city superintendents of schools, the Commissioner named threecet,itersas' preliminary experimental.stations. General Plan Thesewereputinto operation in February 1936.In March The budgets for thetendemonstrationcenters werebasedon sevenadditional forumcenterswerenamed and thesuperin- their relative populations.A residentforum leader who tendents of school'sincharge began planning forprograms towould be responsible for fiveorsix forum meetingsperweek operateduring the fall and early winterolf1936. wasprovided in the plan for each50,000grosspopulationor majorfraction thereof.Thus', insomecenters,where thepop- Local School Boards dlation ranged aYound 150,000, the plan enabled the scheduling School boardswerecalled into meetings by thesuperintend- of about 1, forum-meetings each week inas many partsof the entsin eight of theten centers toconsider the proposal.In community, rural and urban.In Minneapolis, which is the eachcasetherewas aunanimous approval of the project andon largestcenter,thereareenough forum leaders provided to this basisaformal application for itwastransmittedtotheoperatea programof 40to 48forumsperweek. Office of Education.The local school boards promisedthe In reality the community-wide forumprogrammakes avail- cooperation of the entire public-schoolsystem, the volunteerableoneWeekly meeting for each 10,000personsin thegross service' of the superintendent ofschools and other staff members IAmoredetaileddescriptionofthesethreeprograms maybefoundon Ineeded for supervision, theuseof school buildings formeet- pp.11-17.

5 i.

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..41L.Z".:-1.1 sk 14111.2.12 LETTERS FROMBOARDS OFEDUCATION

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4 population.In the demonstrationcenters the-programop- sistently good attendance.Therefore, insteadof sending the erates for about 18to 20 weeks.An annualprogramshould leaderto eachof six weeklymeetings, themanagement might, operateasJongasfrom30 to 56 weeks. schedule himon asemimonthly basisat 12 forums.This Variations would enable the leaderto visit twiceas manyneighboilloods While the officialplan drawnupby the Office of Educationin the forum district.The application ofthis plan wouldpro- provides forthe employment ofoneforum leader foreach_videonemeetingevery twoweeks for about5,000gross popu- 50,000 population in the forum district, the localmanagementlation instead ofaweekly forum meetingfor10,009.The isnotrequiredtoschedule themeetings accordingtoany set size of the district, the numberof small communitiesorneigh- pattern.Forum schedulesmust be developed in the light ofborhoodcentersand the $eneralorganization of adultactivi- community conditions.For example:, Weekly schedulesforliesmustbe taken into considerationin allocating the timeof .; neighborhood forumsmaybetoofrequenttoassure a cop-the forum leader and schedulingthe meetings.

6 Ts

MN.

bt LOCAL COMMUNITYFORUM ORGANIZATION 'IV

Federal Gov't's. Province: THE PEOPLE LocalCommunity's 17Ffriincialassistance. Province: 2. Guidance through T7-57:*-refradliirifificifFie sugges- control. tions and every helpful BOARD OF EDUCATION Citizens' 2. service. Selectsforumleadersand . subjectsfor discussion 3. Clearing housefor all Advisory with latest developments. no control byFeder- SUPERINTENDENT alGovernment. OF SCHOOLS Committee

Forum Leader "B" ForumLender "A" (3 meetingsperweek) Forum Leadervvl (6meetingsper Assists Supt.as the (6meetingsper week.) Director of Forums. week.)

/1714164%...,. A , 4.,, doe 14 .°- ` l t % - . ° ,/.° % 11 ..., #111, .. *aft e e ,, r 0* .66 'I O. 41. 914. / iw .111. MON. // I esai. o let% I '''

01% N.es'. %I b "1/4 Air s. es- I ,jrawfl e MON. 0° I t FRI. Ib _THURS. NOON FRI. WED. FRI. 47/A lo (01!, TUES. THURS. 1 1 / MON. I A eeki./ ISNEO e Air TUES. NOON THURS. rEa

Another interesting variation in schedulinginvolves therota- quite large andinclude severaltowns and villages,anentire tion of forumleaders. By this plananeighborhood forumcounty (as in the chart)or evenseveral countie,orthearea may meet with forum leader "A" the firstweek and forummight be quitesmall including onlyonecity. leader "B" the second weekand forum leader"C" the third It will be observedthat the meetingsarescheduledso as to week,coming back to leader,"A"ontliefourth week.In thisavoid having,two meetings in thesameIectionof thecom- way the people ineach neighborhoodhave the 4opportunitytomunityonthesameevening.Meetingsareheld in- schools, meet all of the leaders and discussall of the subjects.Each settlement houses, YMCA'sand YWCA's,luncheon meeting forum leader is givenathree weeks scheduleincluding theplaces, labor halls, andother convenientplaces. The "noon" .entire 15 neighborhood forums operated -in thecommunity. meetings referto. luncheon gatherings primarily forthe,con- vepience of businesspeople in the downtown Two Principles area. o/ Therearetwo principles involved in planningsucha com- Thereare manyvariations inprogrambuilding besidesthosemunity-wide schedule ofneighborhood forums.Onemaybe ,suggested above.Different methodsof schedulingarebeingpiled the principleof convenience.This principle operates' employed in the10 demonstrationcenters..But the generalin the practicalplanning of., locations forschool buildings. plan representedin the chartatthetopof thispageis themostCarried to the.t extreme, forum schedules might be operatedin ular.This plan enableseach forum leaderexcept the as manyplacesas thereareelementary schools, thus making-it trector to makeaweeklycontact With fiveorsix neighborhood asconvenieht for the adultstoattend forumsasfor childrento forums.Thus the leader hasthe opportunityto becomeac- attend school.Thismay notbe practical.Thereforeasecond quainted with thosewho attend the forumsregularly.Thisiiprintiple is suggested.Wemaycall it the principle ofsatura- putshim inapositionto promotemorevital give-and-taketion.Meetings should be made convenient onlyto thePoint discussion. I , C where attendance doesnot-fall belowadesirable minimum. The irregularrectangle in the chart representsatypical forumThe community-wide progiamis adjusted in relationto these districta section ofa mapofaState.Theareamight beIwo principles.

A

. *: . . . . , , TIP ...... "' e -1 .5. .1 II': - ,7:-.21* -;1-1¡=2,... , -4, ." Fe 4.r ...... GAZETTE . z .;,.; r Colorado Springs, Coloi , . .. .-, .r t.' -..16 CO3'5111s PUBLIC FORUMS OFF -- fei.tflPettik r .-.6,,, Nkce2S. Orlisf*''45 14 : ill i FINESTART .,: V01 e r J t ,4r ia.4 f Vi#0 Social Planningand()ideas 4 -AY \114)91#611:6:401%tee ", Ara Subjects for Odevini, 00 8/40; McDonald ThisWaall 4**/ %A.° 14!8 \v.zo, 1 A If 4 EftA. 4604, suepet.aWilk feesa. P474.Z4 .040 447 sate for ekermk of mart 14+ * 0044,1.4:11/olt 14v trh:1'are as puree A*0010:444,arthe4e 1/0 ; O OA Os 0. . guicts Mantle e44;74 . 41 14. \ OP.ove0941dieler9.00. Utun "DC Odes' 1.44.._e-.,e/4944/eft C. re eve,. v.. fu: Diet stare AIbeJ'h-`14.444, :1I.e. st No,_ /i:Nf:4'44 \ dos.vstles DrMet)olahd. P bop teti.tefe; 4 lie - 4. 0.40 41/:,* oi"P14tairise°>°sloe 14, At 104001*.:,0%110ce A*, tf. arl,211.,14,44:-.A°:***Zal I 106 te4,,roodoeys SI ."/*, 44'1%a.01,11V \O.,Ie..0 l* tdc\g* , 414A647.p4.p94. ' *"4o:AiN0A * \ ott l'*1.wft 4. ite4 e , 91A s Z4411:Vi 41- i... l'e.gtipcier,o.(e cf. . % 741je' SANTA ANA REGISTER, Santa Ana,Califointa eSeVZ1'4x, \41;# cz,zitz,,,0v,k

PUBLIC FORUMHEAD INVITES eeS z. LOCAL PERSONS TO SERVE ON t*k)kr44."44;r1.VZS404

1 % CITIZEN'S ADVISORY GROUP 4%a THEMINNEAPOLIS'STAR - WgDIAY. MAACK II. ISIII Thehad wild aisishbebt,011111pCombhillsNook 'Town F. A. liaaAnsaik boa just bpi firs biterle as milwens Meetings' for Minneapolis dosemboatClampemir,via'Wire isasestagy impishups This le a splehell thing for Minneapolis.Public asValliftimaA pile *gee bsoneea aalma MORN? forums ara mighty educational form. because 'Woo& public discussion makes vivid the issuesthe public le Interested in. and also becausetheyserve in crystallise opinion and to reduce.by expositionand TIM POST argument. such issues to à bedrockof fact, truth and practicability. llorgantown, yr. Va, "" se - 11 . -' -sr J nit UNICN STAR A limed Opportinity,, Schenectady, N. T. t WICHITAIYEACON,Wichita, Kansan The program fits es nicely into Use 'let's Talk IIOver- mobilisationof the resources of acoin- The =unity that it is appropriately tuned tor tee rentersare tee experimentstations J. this community.It.will meshperfectly The miltsfrom themare xpected tomisread, and 4 Schools of Wichita Again Recognized withaurasundertakings *a those of tba tease ether dikaasioncenters to spring 0 s up. Like lighthouses, Upper lionongabelaValleyAssodiatioa, theseten centers win 11. .. tbeChamberof Commerce. thoFarm nestsillumination. Their beamsmay en- Wichita is appreciative of the fact that this city Is on .0 Bureau. and cIvIc, laborkeistrtal, edu- courage otherresiding to buildlighthouses.In of the ten chosen thruout the coUntry at large, in competi thisrespeet, the UnitedStates I. markedly t4on with the largest centers of the Southwest, a recognition cational.. cultural,andotherorganised different groups.Bybringingpeople togetherla fromsome other countries.Instead of the wide culture that our unexcelled system of schools . of establishingcenerirshipener public diseus has brought about. small and largegroups foe aseriousand intelligent "lion,our¡governmentne outages it. Instead considerationoftheirprob. 0 Irma. it ought to make tt possible ofSuppressing individualopinions, itis the for usII talent oftheovernnwnt toncourage it. to unite Ior our dwnImprovement.

-

INTHEPRESS d P

Management cussion of it tWoorthree times by followingthe forum leader The forufnmanagement deals with three mainfactors inaroundonhis circuit.Ifa personis unabletoattend the - building thecommunity-wideprogram:Meetings, leaders,andmeeting in his immediate neighborhoodhemayattendadis- subjects. The mariagementmust organize these 'three factorscussion of thesamesubject insomeother neighborhood.like in practicalcombinationsto reach the maximum number ofmanagement must beonth'ealerttounderstand theneeds and people withopportunities for thediscussion of theproblemsinterests of the people inthe communityas awhole and in which agitatethe public mind.Itmaybe desirableundervarious neighborhoodsaswell in orderto scheduleabalanced certain circilmstancestohave all of the forumleaders discussingprogram. OliChoosing-Subjects thesamesubject duringagiven period.If this is done,how- ever,themanagement must correctlygagethe publicinterest Inmost of thedemonstiationcenterssubjectbailots °were sothat the subject chosenhasacommunity-wideappeal.Themailedto the people of the community with the requéstth4t plan outlined in thecharton page 7enables the citizenstothey check the topicsthe' would liketo have discussedand. choose subjects, leaders, andconvenient meetingtimes.Threeadd sUggestions ottheirown.In eachcenteracitizens' ad- different subjectsarebeing discussed inthe forum districtthreevisory committeehas been organizedrepresentingacross-section tosix times duringthe week.An individualwho isparticu-of the communitygroups.2 lady interestedinagiven subjectmayparticipate in the dis- 3 Seereports of-Colorado Springs, Manchester, andMonongalia County. a 8

1 . 4._ .,

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1 ' ik A. , . . vi . . : ' . y! : :. _ ..,.:.,..- .rt_ t .4 V-1414.1.Wi!_5?".:>;: -,These committeescounsel with themanagement in the de- It'is difficulttofind suchleaders.The superinten4nts termination of-subjectsfor discussionsothat the forumswill spentmanyweeks searching forthem.The Office ofEduta- deal with issuesconsidered vitalbythe'people in thecorn- tion, assistedonlyto theextentof passingon tothem thenames munity, In-additiontothecitizens' advisorycommittee; ofpersonssuggestedorrecommendedby collegepresidents, neighbprhoodcommitteesareorganizedto prom9te the forum adult educationand civic leaders.The selection ofthe forum series in eaCh of themeeting places.These neighborhood leadersaswellasrelief workerswasleft exclusivelyin the hands ofthe localauthorities. committees alsoassist themanagement in selecting subjectsby Not only is itaproblemtofindmenof recognizedscholar interpreting the desiresof the audiencesin the variousneigh- ship and cap.acityforpopular borhoods. presentation, butitis doubly difficultto securetheir seri.icesfor short periodsof I .tos Finding Leaders months.Most of the forumleaderswereobtainedonleaves Basictothesuccessof forum a programfromaneducational of absencefrom variouscolleges. .n1;:r.iversities." point of view isthe discovery ofcompetent forum leaders. These leadershave the difficulttask of presentingatopic in Forum Staffs simple, understandable language, ina waycalculatedto sustain The plan (oreach demonstrationcenterproNidesfor the _ the audience interest, givingafairly comprehensiveand impar- employment of qualifiedworkerstobe selected fr*relief tial otItline ofthe problem andthe alternativesolutions. In rolls accordingtothe certificationof local reliefauthorities. doing this, theleader playsthe role ofalecturer.But in addi- Some of theseunemployedpeople have hadteaching experi tion to the presentation,the forum leadermustbe ableto enceandare-capable of organizingand leadingsmall-group stimulate, lead,and organizeaperiod of freediscussion of40 discussions. Wherever possible,the demonstrationprograms or 50minutes. promote in additionto the regular forum meetingsconducted The followingstatement illustrates the role ofthe forum by the forum leadersnumeroussmall discussiongroups. From leader in_theneighborhoodmeeting. It is thetypeofstate- 12 to 15 people constitute such ágroup,and theroundtable discussion elaboratesthe subjects ment whichaforum leadermight maketohis audiencein presentedattheregular forums. openingaforumseries. Thegroupleadersaresupervised bythe forum leaders. Leaders' Role Relief workersnumbering several hundredservethe forum programsin the "followingcapacities: Assistant In this and other forummeetings thepeoplemayavail themselves librarians,re searchassistants,artists,writers, of theconstitutional rights of freespeech and free assemblageinan accountants,bookkeepers, organized considerationof public affairs. typists; stenographers, andclerks. Each forum staffisorgan- As the leader of ized and supervised by thelocal 'b the discussion, itismy purpose toopenthe subject superintenlentwith the help YN. for discussion;tooutlineasfairlyand impartiallyaspossible the members of his regular staff andthe forum leaders. .'

major issues involvedinourproblem;to interpret briefly the im- I portantand opposingpointsof viewontheseissues;'andto share Types of Communities Ar withyouthe factual material whichis essentialtoFi understandi4 The forum districts displaygreat differencesbothin size and of the problem. generalcharacteristics.Arkansas presentsPulaski County,: 01, It isnotmy purpose to convince you thatmyopiniononthis sub- agriculturallyacotton community, with Little Rock, theState ject iscorrect or to urgeyou to accept myviews. Naturally, having capital,asthe maincenter.Kansas givesusSedgwick Cotinty, studied this problem,I havecome tocertain conclusions whichform with whéat and oilasits main commodities, the" basis ofmyopinionoraction.These conclusionsIholdare Wichita being subjectto change inthe light ofnewevidence.If from tirrieto the leading community,animportant industrial andcommercial time Iexpress mypersonal views it will be finthe srit of thephrase centerin the Middle West.New York offers thecity and I IasIseeit."But themost important thing in public discussion is countyof Schenectady,acommurkity of heavy industrysur- not whatyou orI conclude but how and whywe asindividualscome to particular conclusions. Ourquest in this discussion is foranunder- rounded by truck ar4) dairy farms.Minnesota is represented standing of the problemandaclear view of the alternativesolutions byoneof its twin cities,Minneapolis,agreat shippingcenter, proposed. We aPproachthis problem in the sPiritof give and *take, home of the flour *mills.Californiaenters the picturè with ,respecting the right ofeachoneofus tohold what.opinions he will. Orange County, in the heart of theorange groves,includinga We seek by the exchange ofopinion, by remindingeach other of salient dozen smalltowns and important facts,and by criticallyquestioning each other'spremises, where forums( will' be held.Oregonenters to artive atabetter understandingof the problem beforeus. the list with its largestcity, Portland, located inthegreat While I shall be gladto try to clarifyanypoints inresponse to northwest agricultural andlumbercountry.Tennessee isrep- questionsyou maywishto put tome,please remeMberthat Iam resented.by HamiltonCounty,nearthe T. V.A.,with Chatta- notanoracle, that I donot poseasafinal authority.I am not here n-o4aasits main center.4 totellyouwhattothink, ratherto join withyouinanorganized processof cooperativethinking.Most .ofall, I hope that inthese forum meetingsyouwillexpress your own poiritsof view,question See Forum Faculty,pp. 18-25.. 11, 4 Colorado, New Hampshire, and West.Virginiaprojectsaredescribed in detail each other's premises6and participate freely. on pp. U-17.

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,drYt.i'%1- A LINAI PR().1141.1. ADMINIS- TRA.1010(Surrintedgents of artr-. &hook). Toprow:R. C.- C'wn. Hall,Little Rock,Ark.: F.A. .0. 11 Henderson,Orange County, Calif.;L. 11.'. Ma)berry, II'lcbud,Kant.Bottomrow: 11-. H.Pillsbury, Schenectady,

41'. Y ArthurL.Rankin, .11 Chattinooga.Tenn.: Carroll R. Reed, Minneapolis,Minn.: aarle 1. e. Portland, Oreg. 4 MoreThan Meetings group wentonrecordasfavoring thejoint meetingof youth hcthousands ofmeetingswhicharebeing heldin the10 and adultsin forumsrather than theorganization ofspecial demonstrationcentersriepresentbutasmallpartof theimpor- meetings foryouhg people. tance of theprogram..In nearlyeverycommunit the radio Inonedemonstrationcenterayouth leaderis conducting willcarryspecialprograms prepared and preséntedby the forums andat thesametime is assistingthemanagement in forumproject, thusbringing promoting youthattendance. to the microphoneforum leaders do/ And civic, ihdust.rial,and laborspokesmen inthe discussions Asaresult ofmanyof theforums, smalldiscussiongroups of publica4fairs.The willtakeupthe subjecteither under . practice andphilosophy ofcivil freedom the directsponsorship will-penetratethousands ofhoniesoverthe airways.In Port- of theprojectorunderthe stimulus ofgroupsandorgani- , land, fiveorsix radioprogramsperweekarebeing planned. zations in thecommunity.The quality ofthe forumswill The readinghabits ofthe peoplewill be guidedin the influenceconversationsand informalgroupsgenerally, with directionof books the resultthatmore andpamphlets. dealingwithvitalpublic careful andcriticalattention is givento questions.The publiclibrary isthe closestally 6f theforum publ ic affairs. movement.Each projectthrough staffmembers withlibrary FirstReports experience isdevelopingspecialpians forstimulating reading. Many ofthese activities inadditionto the staging of well- High schools andcolleges inthe forumdistrict havebeen led forumdiscussions willbe describedby thesuperintendents encouraged bytheprogram to vitalize theirclassroomwork in theirreports of the threedemonstrationcenters whichoper- in social studies byahelpfulcontact withtheforums,theuse ated duringthe spring of1936.Itmust be rememberedin of theforum leaders'outlines oftheir discussions.Several readingtheseaccounts of the ihreeexperimentalstations that high-schoolprincipalsareplanningjunior forums. they actedasthe pilot shipsfor theprojectas awhole.The superintendents didnot have sufficienttimeto "scout"- for YouthParticipatiofi" forum leaders.For thisreasonthe completequota of forum leaderswas notfilled. Specialattention hasbeen giveninmost of the projectsto promoting theattendance andparticipationof youngpeople. . BuildingaRecord A conferencewascalled bytheCommissioner ofEducationin When ,the.presentprogram of 10 demonstrationsiscon- Washingtonin December1935, composed ofabout30 leaders cludedearly in1937, there will beacareful recorddeveloped national youth,organizations.This.conference maderecom- and broughttogether inapublicationas aguideto all educators mendationsconcerning methodsof attractingyout ance and civie leaderswho waiitto beginprogramsof adultcivic . andsubjects'. 'ofparticular interest toyoungpeople. The education in theircOmmunities.

:.A14 ofover 100 subjects syggested bythis conferenceis available CHESTER S.WILLIAMS, ..fEdut.stion. in the Office Assistant Administrator.

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!' '11 ° COLORADO%SPRINGSPUBLIC FORUMS

By HOBARTM.CORNING, 41.

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Superintendentof Schools,Colorado Springs.116

. PublicForumProject 11, Administrator

LOCATEDnearthe famous 4 Garden of More Than Relief the Godsand Pike'sPeak, Colorado The spiritof the relief Springsattracts visitors fromallparts workersin theprojectmust bemen- tioned.Their interest ofAmerica andoffersmanyadvan- in thework and intheirassociatiön together is tages to healthseekers.It is the host demonstratedinapublication ofastaffpaper. Out of themany vpressionsoÈ formany national conferencesanda these workerswho havecontributed somuchto the center of educationalandcultural successofour program thus far, itis possible to quote onlyafew brief activities.ItsnewFine ArtsCenter, statements indicatinghow theyfeel about thework theyare wheresomeof theforummeetings doing. have beenheld,expressesthe high Hobart M. A New degree ofcultural andintellectualin- Corning Goal "I studiedart. . . terest in thecommunity.In view My ambition of the factthat thousandsof isto paint andto write . .

visitorS spend The depression . thesummerin ColoradoSprings, thatpeople came. .

Four longyears as . . . fromalmosteveryState in theUnionareliving herewhile laborer Had I lostall that resembledlife forme?. regaining theirhealth, andthatrepresentativecitizensinterested March 4,1936. . . in educationaladvancement gather hereto hold their confer- Igotapositionasartistonthe Colorado Springs PublicForums . . II ences, an unusual opportunityisdpovidedfor Our projecthas given demonstrating memuch joy andeducation . . . Iam a program of adult civicedilcationtoaNation-widecross- happy inmywork . I -section ofthe citizenry. amrespected . . . p. Whatmore can I wish? 11 WW1II. Liibieri. AdvisoryCommittee "The publicforumsare as popular with theworkersaswith the public. Asatypist I find Sixty citizens,representinglabor, business,andother local pleasure inworkingwhere thereisencour-- agement to listen and learnofour Government and the topics organizations andgroups,havecooperatedwith the .Boardof da of the Educationand theSuperintendentinanadvisory capackyby OFTE. Magee. suggesting leaders, "I meetingplaces, subjects,andvays toim- am sohappytoknowthat Icanhelp inmysmallwayin awaken- prove ing people the generalprogram.Many ofthe membersof the. to civic responsibility andtheuseof free speechand discus- sion in the criticalsearch for truth advisoryf., committee havecontributedto thesuccessof thepro- about public affairs." VitaMiller. grail byannouncing andpromoting theforums intheirown Luncheons organizations andby issuingspecialinvitationsto the visiting guests of the community tolttendforummeetings. One of themost popular forums scheduledin theprogram wastheonewhichwasheld weeklyin the diningroomofa ----.local church Staff4 atthenoonhour.A35-cent luncheonwasserved, e followed byIli hour anda quarterof discussionintroduced and Twenty-fourprofessional andclerical workers havepartici- led bythetwo resident forumleaders.The attendanceat pated inthedevelopment oftheprogram asmembers ofthethese meetingswasconsistently good,ranging between176 and forum staff.Thesepeople, chosenfrom reliefrolls, hadre- 346. ceivedalmost $5,000in securitywagesby July 1st. They have Fora partof theperiod therewere as manyas 15forums served thecommunityasassistant librarians, - small discussionoperating weeklyin ColoradoSprings and nearbycommuni- groupleaaers,in research andwriting, preparation ofposters ties.Most of thetime, however,aschedule of10((rums andvisual aidsforciiscussionandas members ofaclerical in additionto the luncheon serieswasòpgratedunder the guid- staffstenographers,typists, e bookkeepers, andrecorders. anceof residentforum leaders.

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. . . . ;4, / . _ Facts About the Forums the forum project.Daily boxedannouncementsof the forum meetings appeared in thenewspapers aswellas scoresof . newsandfeature articlesdescribingthe various schedules, Number Attend- March 1 5toJuly 1 held ance introducing the forum leacifrs andreporting the dikussions themselves.

Neighborhood meetings 148 9,809 Announcements of theprogram weremailedtothe members Luncheon meetings... 14 3,559 of the Parent-Teacher Association,Professional Women's organizations, Junior Chamber of Commerce, andWest Side TOTAI. 162 13,368 'CommercialClub. Oralannouncementsweremadeat m9st

Average for Neighborhood Forums '61 of the important meetings in the community by members of Men 4,819 theadvisory committee and leadersinthese community Women ...... 8,549 Young people.. 1,885 organizations. The Junior Chamber of Commerce, which maintainsan Audience Participation information bureau fortouristsattheentrance tothe city, handed printedannouncementsof the forumsto all tourists Between ,1!() minutes andanhour of each meetingwasde- applying for informationattheirstations.Frequentan- voted todiscussion from the floor, theposing of questions from nouncementsof the'forummeetings have been madeonthe the audience, and expressions ofcontrarygpinions concerning Junior Chamber of Commerce daily radio hour.Announce- the -subject.The development of genuine discussion dep-ends mentsweremadeatlabor-union meetings and othergroup verymuchuponthe skill of the leaders in stimulatingand gatherings. organizing audience participationin the meetings.A record waskept of the'precise number ofminutes in each meeting InvitingVisitors consumed by the presentation ofthe forum leader, audience questions addressedtothe leader, and discussion by members Printed notices of the forum meetingswereincluded in the of the forumgroup. The degree of public participation in literature which is mailed throughout the South and Middle West and placedin the discussions varied considerablywith different leaders. But all railway stations and tourist-guidecenters. Poster the record showsadistinct increase in real discussionduring announcementsprepared by the artistonthe staff have been placedat the spring period.Themanagementof theprogramhas strategic points in the community. placed special emphasis bothin selecting leadership and in During thesummermonths three forumswerelocated in talking with the chosen leadersonthe importance of develop- the principal tourist hotels and special printed invitations from ing well-organized and free discussion. the hotel and forummanagementwereplaced in the boxes of all theguests ateach hotelonthe day of the forum meetings in that place.

Library and Literature

The cooperation of the public libraries in the community -has contributed muchtothe educational value of the forums. The forum leaders have distributedtotheir audiences mimeo- graphed outlines of theirsubjects together with suggested reading lists.They have also included from timetotime mimeographed chartsorgraphs setting forth importantsta- tistical data pertinenttothe discussion.A memberof the forum staff with library experiencehas been provided for each of the forum leaderstocompile reading lists and confer with Staff the libraries concerning available books and material. Miss Reba June Curl and Miss Audra Holmes, the forum Promotion librarians, have compiled lists-of books,magazine articles, and pamphlets for suggested readingasfollows: Thesuccessofanenterprise in adult civic educationon a community-wide basis dependsto a great extentuponthe Books. . 824 cooperation of all community agencies, particularly thesupport of thenewspapers.Thenewspapersin Colorado Springs and Magazine articles. . 677 vicinity have demonstrated genuineappreciation of the forum Newspaper articles. . 85 of. programby devotinggenerous space toannouncing the sched- Pamphlets. . . 61 ules and reporting the discussions.During the spring period

1,890 column-inchesin the localnewspapers weredevotedto Total. . . 1,647

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. . -:Aozt A.. , ** - '; - pitr1.4. Miss Audra Holmessays:"Books suggested by the leaders Asanaturalized citizenof nearly50yearsstanding, anddeeply in- ontheir topics for theweekaredisplayedonshelves incon- terested inthe economic andpolitical life ofourNation, itwill give venient placesin thetwo libraries.Peoplearelearning ofme great pleasure toexpress my reactionto the forums conductedof late byyour thesè shelvesandareusing them muchmorereadily thanwhen honorable board ofeducation. Have followedevery topic, including Thursday they hadtousethe card catalogs andthenget the books from noondiscussions, since offeredtheprivilege,and have foundeverysubject ofimmense the stacks.Pamphletsaredisplayedontablesat each forum educational value... meeting."Miss Reba pineCurl adds,"By annotatinga se- Fromverycareful observationsatall meetinghallsI wouldnot lected biographyand placingiton aclearly markedshelf in hesitatetosaythat 98percent of attendants wouldendorse the above andagree the libraryonefinds thatthe public isbeginningto browse." that these publicforumsareof tremendousimportance, esPeciallyinour present world crisis wherecertain social andeconomic forces threatenourcherished institutions Beyond Our Borders and the orderlyprocedure of democraticgovernment. a J. EDWARD A forum demonstrationmanagement not onlyconcernsitself JOHNSON, Manager of localconcern. with the successfuloperation of theprogram at home, but seekstospread knowledgeof the plan abroad.In extending Personally,I have receivedmore enjoyment (and I hopemuchen- knowledge of theforumprogram toeducational andcivic.lead- lightenment) fromthe meetings...thananyotherevents inmy mem- ersin the State ofColorado, theRocky Mountainregion, and ory.My friends tellmethey feel thesame way.I believethat local people who have ledthe forums will beableto doa thecountryas awhole, the localproject has donethe following better job after observingyourwork. Thecommunityas awhole has been things. startedto thinking,at leastalittle,as aresult of thediscussions... Printedschedules of forum meetings have beenmailedto PRINTER,MemberofInternationalTypographicalUnion. (a) all school districts,(b) all adulteducation officials,and (c) all colleges anduniversities in Colorado.In addition, this information hasbeensent regularly toalong list ofpersons

I who have requestedit from allpartsof thecountry.Scores , ? L471t411-ge? of lettersrequestingmorecomprehensive informationhave t. been answered bythe management.The superintendent of . schools has addressedseveral Stateorganizations suchasthe V ' Teachers of SocialScience, Librarians'Association, and the Conference'of SchoolExecutives.A demonstrationforum . conducted bytwoof the ColoradoSprings leaderswasstaged in Denver beforethe members ofafoundation devotedtoadult education.The leaders'discussionoutlines and suggested .- reading listshave beenrriailedweeklyto social science depart- mentsin several largehigh schools inthe State forusein Laorcbeou junior forum discussionsand in classwork. Looking Forward Appreciation 'Theprogramof theColorado SpringsProject whichwill continue untilipecember15 under thepresent appropriition Theresponse of the peoplein ColoradoSpringsto thisex- will, in addition,servethe three adjoiningcounties ofLas periment in popular adulteducation is recordedinmanyverbal Animas, Otero, andPueblo, affordingthe nearly100,000 and writtenstatements communicatedto the superintendent personsresiding in thesecounties theopportunity ofpartici- and members ofthe school board.Some peoplethought that pation in this Po'rogramof adult civiceducation.The schedule the allocation of funds fromthe FederalTreasury wouldcarry has been operatedcontinuouslysince March15, 1936, thus an objectionable control fromWashington, buttheir fearshave makingatotal of9 months for the entireproject.The attend- largely turnedto confidence asitwasdemonstratedthat fullance atthe actual meetingsrepresents onlyapartial indi- authority for the selectionof leaders andthe determinationof cation of tile educationaleffect of theprogram.For hundreds programs was vested in thelocalagencyof publiceducation. of informalgroups,home dinner-tableconversations,club A few people have been apprehensiveconcerning thepossi- meetings, andevenbarber-shopexchanges ofopinionareinflu- bility of thepromotion of certain propagandas.But the ob- enced by the forummeetings.Looking forward,one maybe jective and fair presentations ofthe leaders,their scholarship confident thateventhis short but concentratedcommunity-wide andeagerness to give all points ofview.ahearing havecon- experience in organizedpublic discussionin ColoradoSprings vincedmost people that public education can managea process and vicinitywill result inmorecritical and intelligentapproach of fTeediscussion, foradultsas wellasforyounweople,with- to the serious problems ofcitizenship.This will beofperma- outPartisanship,fear,orfavor. nent value to the State andNation.Careful planningofa Excerpts from letters but,cofmanyreceivedby themanage- continuation andextension of publicdiscussion facilitiesis the mentwillserve to express the generalresponseof localcitizens: next step.

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ç. MANCHESTERPUBLIC FORUMS By LOUIS P. BENEZET,Superintendent of.Schools, Public Forum ProjectAdministrator

MANCHESTER 1S thelargest indus- borhood. forums will be located in townsand villagesnear trial community in New Hampshire. Manchester.These meetings will besponsored by localcom- Located herewasthe greatest textile mittees and by the localsuperintendents of schools.The Man- millinAmerica.The closing of chester project while managedby the city school system attempts this plant createdamajor unemploy- to serveapproximately 20,000 people incommunities outside mentproblem.The leading indus- the city limits.Thusapoint of contact isestablished between tryisnowthe manufacture of shoes. the school administrationof Manchester andthe educational In the forum districtarelocated the authorities in the -surroundingcommunities. townsof Derry and Raymond, shoe- The following table shows the number of m,eetingsand manufacturingcenters ;Suncook,pre- attendance according to forumleaders: dominantlytextile making; Goffs- town,with its wooden-work factories; Luis P. %Sneeze Number Attend- Average and Milford,agranite and stone-cut- Leader meetings ance

tingcenter. 6 Practically 30 percent of the pcipulation isforeign-born, consisting oflarge numbers ofFrenchCanadians, witha Malcolm Keir. 72 5,195 72 Alden G. Alley 15 458 30 smaller proportion of Poles, Greeks, and Belgians.The Louis P. Benezet 4 201 53 French languagenewspaperhasalarge circulation.The neighborhood forums attractagreat varietyof nationalities TOTAL. 91 5,854 64 and differenttypesof workers, andmustbe planned tomeet Men . 3,640 the needs of people with varyingeducational backgrounds and Women... 2,214 social traditions. Young people 1,352 Program Planning A specialcommitteewasappoihted bythe rather large Board People Speak 'Education from its membershipto actas aforum board. of Themostsuccessful experiment triedinthe planning of In addition, 21 leading citizens of the communitywereinvitedmeetingswasthe staging of debates and symposiums featuring tomembership-on anadvisory committee. A fair cross-sectionlocal citizens who helddifferent viewsoncontroversialques- was mem- of community interest and activity represented with tions.When the local leader of theTownsend Club anda bers being drawn from the Bar Association, Atnerican Fede;-a-professor from Dartmouth debated the question "Is the Town- lionof Labor, Business and Professional Vomen's Club,send Plan Practical ?", 580 people from the Greek candymaker Teachers' Guild, City Club, Federation of romen's Clubs,and Polish textile workertothe Yankee merchant and indus- Manchester and paras Posts, American Legion, Service Clubs,trialist joined inavital exchange of opinions in animated dis- Chamber Catholic Women's Club, Ministerial Association, ofcussion. Commerce,and several other local associations. A list of these debates scheduled by the Manchesterforums The members of the advisorycommittee ha\epromoted featuring local speakers in discussion led by the forumleader, community interest in and support of the discussion meetings.Dr. Keir, follows: They have assisted the superintendent and the special school- board committee in meetingmanyproblems, and have helped Name Occoatios Topic the Joseph Kenney Townsend Plan Leader...Is The TownsendPlan tointerpret the impartial character of ,program tothe Joseph M. McDaniel Professor. Practical? townspeople. 4 Ralph E. Langdell... Lawyd. Should the Power of the Trained People Marguerita Broderick...Lawyer. Supreme Court Be Al- The closing of the great mills brought unemployment 4nd tered? difficulty in findingnewpositions ,Kenneth W. Davis...... Insurance Do We Pay Our Execu- great to anumber of trained Louis M. Lyons..... Labor Leader tivh Too Much? clerical .and office workets. Some of thesewereaddedto our . John L. Barry...., Labor Leader Unions staff oftenworkersselecied fromthe relies rolls.They aided William Phinney Lawyer. DoHelpCoLlataonr in selling the idea of forumstothéirfriends and associates, . Josephat Lavallee Head, Mknchester Carpen-Are Craft UnionsBetter a andwereinstrumental in promoting attèndanceatthemeet- ters' Union. Than Industrial Horace A.Risriere...... Fourth Vice President, Unions? . ings,aswellasin carryingoutthe 'specific clerical orTesearch United Textile Workers - Union, work assignedtothem.Theywerepaidatotal of $3,402 between March and July. Dr. Howard A. Streeter..ManchesterPublicHealth Should Doctors Be Pub- Officer. licOfficers? Dr. R. C. Metcalf...... Secretary, New Hampshire I. Attendance Medical Association.

.The schedulesweresmaller than anticipated because the full Thomas O'Connor...... Secretary_ for Protection of Is a Labor Political quotaof forum leaderswasnotfilled during the spring period. New Hampshire Forests. PartyProbable? Most of the meetingswereheld in the city of Manchester. Samuel Green...... Lawyer. Theywerebetter attended than those held inoutlyingcom- The introduction of this techniquemetwith immediatere- munities.In the fallprogram wewillnot only schedulemoresponse.At each meeting in which local citizens debated, the meetings,present moreleaders, butanumber of the neigh-attendancewasgood.

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,t.,,,,, r: r rt, 9p, '-'P :': ..C. '1,-,.....; '' ., .': . ... t . 60.-0- i . ' .. et . .. ;ziar-.2- --= - t _"i I. -..,_,"?...s.:1Au.,,,...0.....'..:*:' ..,,,.,e.:,!xt..L.;:_,..!: .::,a±2,....,.. ...41,i.L. ..4?:_....:.-...... ,. ,..,.i'.L-1..¡Litz. 1.4 .!...,__-...-.'.....ic ''.,...",,r_.,..-:...... ,_41..-. t.,,.st.e...1.-.-- Posier Youth "i111:1F4C FIDZI4LAP Forum discussions dealsodirectlywith the socialstudies Design being follow.ed by studentsthat itwasfound helpfultosend CHESTER outlines of the subjectstothe schoolswhere they could beused by students andprofessors of thesocial sciences.Theyoung PUBLICFORUM peCiple of. thecommunity attendedthe actual forumsingreat numbers and theteachers found theirclasses in social and economic problems vitalized if* by the studentexperience ofthe = forum approach.This fall, plansarebeing madeto cooperate I a withalocal collegein gearing the forumdiscussiónsinto the N4(..?" academicprogram,making itpossible for studentsto receive credit for participationin the forumsas partof tbeir workin social problems. ; Do Atmosphere CHINES Whileashort periodcannot create great results in the build- ing ofaninformed andcritical citizenry,the reactions from observers indicatethat already thereisadiscernible increase e "'Ism in communiinterest in publicquestions, anda new atmos- -711-.:0111 . 1,41Ejf phere oftoancein discussion.The "cock-sure"attitude is notsoevident incommunity conversationon currentproblems, and the peopleareshowinga new eagerness to hear and discuss Forum-Conscious both sides ofanyimportant question.The forummanage- Every week 48 colorfulposters were displayed in Manchester ment is planning toinviterepresentatives of thedifferent shops and public places announcing the maintopic of discus- u political partiestojoin in symposiumsandanswerquestions sionfor thew'eek.The artist madeuseofa new processof onthe major issues in thecampaignas one meansof promoting reproduction.1 the forum approachto political discussion.Intellectualsports- Thetwonewspapers gavemuchspace to newsandfelturemanshipcanbe fostered by publiceducation quiteaswellas stories about the forums.Each day the meetings and subjectsathletic sportsmanship.Nothing ismorevitaltoacontinua- wereannounced, and the forum leaderwasaskedtocontributetion of democratic institutions. acolumn each week presentinga summaryof the points , broughtoutin the forums of the previous week.Tho articles, captioned "Forum Footnotes",wereread by MANCHESTER PUBLICfORUM people in allpartsof the State, providingaconvenient SCHEDULE 2. APRIL1 3MAY 8, 1936 recapitulation for those who had attended andareview of LEADER, PROF. MALCOLMKEIR the meetings for those who missed the actualdiscussions. GENERAL SUBJECT 3FOUR INDUSTRIALPROBLEMS Copies of the leaders' outlineswere sent toall school Franklin West Bakers- Halls- Library superintendents andmanyprincipals in the State.Files TOPICS St. High vine ville Audi- of theposterswerealsosent to educators interested in this School School School School toriurn method of aimouncement.Files of discussion outlines MondayTuesdayWednes-ThursdayFriday andpostersaretobe found in several libraries Do We Pay Execu- day in the tives Too Much State, andareused by studentstoa great extent. April 1 3April 14 spril 15April 16April 17

4 Does Scientific Man- Reader Interest agementHurt LaborApril 20April 21April 22April23.April24

The Manchester library cooperatedwith the project in Do Company Unions April 274pril 28April 29 organizing usefulliftsof selected readingsuggestions in Help Labor April 30 May 1 connection with each of the(cairns. elibrary also Are Craft Unions displayed books and materialonth ntopic of the Better Than Indus- May 4 May 5 May 6 May 7 May 8 trial Unions week on.'aspecial tablenearthe dr servethe stimu- KEEP MIS SCHEDULE IN YOURPOCKET FOR REFERENCE lated reader interest inthese subjects with quick andeasy 411MINIMME. access tothe best material. IDetailsonthe posterprocess maybe obtained from the Office of Education.

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MON NUALIAC UNTY PUBLICFORUMS 3y FLOYD B. COX, CountySuperintendent ofSchoo/s, Public Forum ProjectAdministrator

MONONGALIA Countyisahetero- The Sterff geneouscommunity whereone may A staff of18 workerswasselected from the reliefrolls sze great contrasts instandards of to receive securitywages asassistants in various 'capacitiesin living and schooling.In Morgan- the organization ofthe community-wideprograms.Theac- town, the county seat,is located thecountant, Mr. H. A. Abbott,was putin charge of the forum University, of West Virginia with officeat 538 North Sprice Street, and assisted in supervising 3,000 students, while justafew miles the work of other membersof the staff.Librarians, small away,in the famous Sc9tts Runcoal groupdiscussion leaders, fieldworkers, writers, artists, and region,arehundreds of miners who clerical helpers workedtogether inafine spirit of cooperation have hadverylittle schooling.The with the Superintendentof Schoolsàtld Floyd B. Cfx the forum leaders. leading occupationsof the people inOne of the staff members createda storybackground for the thecountyarecoal mining, with5,336 coal miners, and agricul- weekly radio presentation entitled"The Johnson Family".2 ture,with1,997personslistedasfarmers.One thousand and Several members of the staff, working underthe direction of forty-five ofourcitizensareengaged in the glass andstone theaccountant, madeacomprehensivesurveyof Monongalia industry and 641 in the buildingindustry.' County arid thetwoadjoining counties includedin the fall Therearelargegroupsof Poles, Czechs,Austrians, Hun- program.Thissurveyisa meansof acquainting the forum garians, and Italians.The Negro population ofover2,000, leaders with the variousneighborhoods theyareto visit in their representingto alargeextenta segmentof the population schedules. Itmayalso form the basis foradiscussion of the which is educationallyunder-privileged, addsemphasisto thesubject "What Is Happening inOur Community?" were a need of forum leaderswhocan presentmaterial ina The staff members from relief rolls paid total of 0 simple and popularmanner. $4,949 during the spring period. The workersmet at aweekly staff meeting and 4 contributed By the'People manyhelpful suggestionstothemanagement for the develop- Early in the planning ofthe forumprogramthe superin- mentof theprogram.The followingcommentsfrommem- tendent and the Board of Educationinvited70 civic leadersbers of the staffareillustrations of the interest whichall have tocounsel with themas anadvisory committee.Several taken in the work: times the meetings of thisadvisory committeewereminiature Ihave heardmoreiritelligent discussionsamongpeople in casual groupssince the forums started than Ieverheard before. forums. Some peopleweresuspicious ofapartisan emphasis in theprogram.This -issuewasfrankly-faced and discussed FRED LEWIN. in the advisory committee.Before the spring periodwas .;The local project, inmyopinion, has beenadecidedsuccess as an experiment in adult education, and I believe, withour past experience overthose who had questioned the presentation of certain sub- as aguide,.wewill be abletorendergreater service toourenlarged jects and the generalpurposeof the project, expressedtheir areaduring the coming fall.The voluntary observations andcomments conviction that therewas nopolitics in it, that itwasworth- by forum attendants, the increased interestasevidenced by theirpar- while and beneficial, that the forum leaderswereobjective and ticipation in the discussions and manifested by their assistancein the 4lection of subjects for the comingseason,all indicate appreciation impartial. and real interestonthepartof those that havebeen reached. Themanagementrevised theprogramfrom timeto time H. A. ABsorr. in the light of the constructive suggestionsmade by members *Attendance e of the advisory committee,someof which were:(1) that the' Therewere greatfluctuations in the attendanceexplained forum leaders' time be limitedto 45 Minutes in order to giveby the location, the weather and the subject underdiscussion. moretime for discussion from the floor,(2) the introductionThe meetings held in the rural sectionswereusually small in ofapanel consisting ofafew 'advisorymembers when the comparisontothose conducted in Morgantown:But the subjectsareespecially controversial,. (3) changingthe timeparticipation and interest of the audience made theseruralmeet- of the forum meetings in the rural.sectionsduring the springings worthwhile.The following table gives thetotal number months in ordertoallow the farmerstofinish their farmof meetings and the attendance inrelationto five main subject work before forumtime. headings under whichthe various topics3canbe listed: 'Accordingto 1930 census. I The program is describedon page 17. a Seepage24 for list of topics. 16

t46, ` ing the readingaspectof the forums.The traveling library of Theme Number ofAttend- Monongalia County assisted in bringingthe bookstoforum mettings ance headquarters and getting themtothe n-Netings. We found that the forums havereally influencedpeopleto National SocialEconomy..... 63 5,104 read.This is demonstrated by thefact thatatthe close of the Peace and War ..... 34 1,272 Contemporary Europe 67 2,573 spring period in June therewas greatdeniand foracontinua- Crime 5 344 tion of the library service and thedistribution of readinglists. I Labor ..... 15 586 The following table wittgive further indication ofthe practical

A L stimulation givento TOT ...... 184 9,879 readingonpublic affairs:

Library cards applied forat meetings. . 236 The subjects which inthemselves drew thelargest numbers Pamphlets distributedatmeetings. . . 51s were"The Constitution" and"The Supreme Court."Almost Books distributedat meetings. . . . . 75 90 percentof the audiences ioinedin the discussiononlabor It will be noted thatpamphlets appealedtothe people.toa problems. muchgreater extent than books.The people showedgreat The Rotary Club turnedtheir luncheonhourover totheinterest in pamphletswhich deal withimportantIssuesina publictobe usedas aforum and theFiremen's organizationsimple and understandablelanguage. atSabraton tookresponsibility for sponsoringaforum in their hall in thatcommunity. BuildinganInstitution e The smaller cities and rwalsections of Americafar from General Promofion the beaten tracks ofthelecturebureaus lackopportunities for organized consideration ofpubliaffairs. People organize The distribution ofmimeograpkedannouncements through themselves intogroupsof like-mindedfolksonvariousaspects the school childrento the homes of the community provedto of social andeconomic life.They hear speakerswhoare pre- beoneof the bestmeansof making theprogramknowntothe sentedto them by the leaders of theirgroups to encourage them people.Thenewspapersdevoted approximately960 column- in theirpresentbeliefs. inchestothe project.Specific dailyannouncementsof the Weareproud of theprivilege ofcontributingourefforts meetingswere notmade in thepress,but this has been urged to .creatingoneplanor patternby whicha programof free, by themanagement and the advisory committeeas a meansforgive-and-take discussioncanbe organized andmanagedto stimulating attendance duringthe fall.A women's civiccom- servethe needs and interestsof people insuch smallcorn- y, mittee, composed'of about50 of the leadingwomenin thecom- munities'and ruralplaces. 4. munity,wasorganizedto sponsor the forum in Morgantown. Tomanyofourpeople, free 'discussionunder the guidance Members of the staff appearedbeforemanyneighborhoodofcompetent forum leaders isa newexperience. Butasthe gatheringstoannouncetheprogramaildtomake short talks programhas progressed,moreandmorepeople havegotten 'on-the value of ittothe community.The President of thethe "forurnliabit."And thisterm includesahabit of thinking Monongalia CountyParent-Teacher Associationsent messages aswellas ahabit of attendingmeetings.Theprogram en- toeach of the Parent-TeacherAssociationgrCupsurging the couragestplerance andadesiretohear all sides.Where large supportof their organizations. numbers of people havebeen deprived ofeducationaloppor- tunities in their youth,it is difficultto start the growth of this habit of mind. A RadioProgram (Continuedon page24) Station WMNNat Fairmont, W. Va., allocared one-half hour each Sundayeveningtothe forum project.Theprogram i,r introducedaserialstoryof the home life of"The Johnson Family"as abackground for thepresentation ofaforum dis- cussionto which the Johnson family listened religiously.The I 1 stiff 4.1 members tookparts in the 5-minute "Johnson Family" 4* . *IL-41.), episode. Sometimesoneforum leader would developa20- la minute discussionwithalocal labor leaderorbusinessman or - I 4, clubwoman.Otherprogr.amswould introducetwoforum Et.,W t.;ta leaders inasymposium with theSuperintendent of Schoolsor aprofessor fromthe University ofWest Virginia.Following the discussion periodthe forum schedulefor the weekwas ;11

announced.This weekly radioprogramis being continuedin , the fall. A

Reading Alb The cooperation ofall libraries inMorgantown, including the West Virginia Un&ersit-ylibrary,was obtained in develop- TbSsaff

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. r ' . . . e - . . . . . ,;±. . . FORUM FACULTY <1*74.

4. ALDEN G. ALLEY Graduate of Harvard.Lectureroninternational affairs.Mr.AnewIlas made 14 trips abroad since 1920;has' attended 10 sessions of the Leaglre of Na- tions; studied rise of Nazism in Germany; returningfrom round-the-world triptoparticipate in fallprogram.Engagements: New Hampshire, Spring; California, September 15tQOctober 15; Colorado, October 16 to November 30; Veit Virginia,Spring, alio Januar) 4 to February 1., ERNEST SUTHERLAND BATES -t'F-! Ph. D., Coltimbia University; author, lecturer;Professor, Oberlin, 1903-5; C7:.) Columbia, 1907-8; University of Arizona, 1908-1Universityof Oregon, 1915-25.Author: HearstLord of San Simeon;The Story of the \Supreme Court; forum leader, The People's Institute, New York City, Civic Institute, Dall4s, Roman's Forum, Los Angeles. Field:Social philosophy.Engage- ment:%Oregon. September 21 to December 1. ERNEST R. BRYAN M. A., George Washington University; Instructor, Extension Division, Massa- ?!,, ¡tr...1: -.r chusetts Department of Education; staff member, National Educational Asso- 04Z. ciatioh.Author: Kilowatt-HoursA Mearure ofaCity's Progress; Human- ity, Our Greatest Enterprise, andnumerousother articles.His studies have been in foreign affairs.Engagements: Minnesota,September1 to November _to., 30; VestVirginia, month of December. t-1-'zJt CHARLES N. BURROWS Ph. D., University of Iowa;Head-, Department, of Sociology,Simpson College, Iowa; Investigator, Juvenile Delinquency, U. S. Cr-imeCommission; member, Governor's Commission for Iowa, White House ConferenceonChild Welfare; Assistant State Supervisor, Iowa CooperativeRural Research.Dr. Burrows 4 has done research in the fields of criminology andsocial service.Engagement:

;,.kf t`-;;". Kansas, September 14toDecember4.

1 r oitr. HOMER CHANEY Orange County Supervisor of Public Instruction,American Institute of Bank- ing; Trust Officer, First National Bank, SantaAna; Past Commander, County American Legion Posts; Professor Economics, PomonaCollege; lecturer in economics, Adult Education, Santa Ana, 1934 and 1935.Field of study: Bank- ing problems.Director, leader, Orange County Public Forums.Engagement: California, July1 to February 1. BEN M. CHERRINGTON Ph. D., Columbia; ExecutiveSecretary, Foundation forthe Advancement of the Social Sciences; Head, Department ofInterpational Relations, University of Denver; member, AmericanCouncil of the Instituteof Pacific Relations; membtr, International OrganizationGroup of the World DisarmamentCon- ference.Author: Methods of Education in InternationalAttitudes.Engage- ment:Colorado, May 16to June 15.

UPTON CLOSE Radio Commentator ("The World Parade")reviewing world affairs; Chief of Foreign Affairs underWu Pei-fu, 1922; former professor ofAsian Life, Literliture and Politics, University of Washington.Traveled extensivelyin India, Russia, Syria, Near East, and Orient.Author: The Revolt ofAsia; Challenge: Behind the Face ofJapan.Engagements: West Virgibia,Septem- e till", w.; N) ber 15toNovember1: Colorado, November 1toNovember30. list.4 elb WALTER D. COCKING Ph. D., Columbia, Educational Administration;Commissioner of Education, Tennessee; Director, Educational Administration,Peabody College (1949). Teacher, Superintendent of Schools, Dr. Cockinghas beenaprofessor of school administration in the schools ofIowa, Texas, Missouri, andTennessee.

A 4 Hispresent interests lie chiefly in the social significance of the Tennessee Valley Au4hority.rngagement:Tennessee,December19, 1936. NORMAN F. COLEMAN M. A., Harvard; Codirector of Institute of InternationalRelations;aDirector of American Social HygieneAssociation;Past President of League of Nations Association, Portland; President, Reed College,1925-34;Professor Literature, Reed College,1912-20; -traveled extensively through Europe and the Orient. Field of research: International relations.Engagement: Oregon, September 1 toFebruary1. GARFIELD V. COX Ph. D., University of Chicago, field of Economics; Professor Finance, Uni- versity of Chicago; member, Board of Dirgctors, Southwest National Bank, Chicago.Author: American Business forecasts; contributor, Encyclopedia' of Social Sciences.Fordiepast 15 yearsDr. Cox has been makingaspecial study of the problems of business cycles, booms, and depressions.Engage-

meat:Colorado, September1 toSeptembel30. 4

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*** 7-'14 7: FORUMFACULTY ROYDENJ. DANGERFIELD Ph. D., Universityof Chicago;member, PoliticalScience Department,-Uni- versity ofOklahoma;Research Associationfor PresidentHoover's Research CommissionOn "Recent Social Trends-;special researchin London School of Economics andGeneva School ofInternational Studies.Dr. Dangerfields work hasbeen mainlyin InternationalRelations.Engagement:Kansas,4cp- * !ember 14to February1.

CONLEY H.DILLON M. A., Duke University;Instructor, MarshallCollege.Author: The Inter- 5:14 nationalLibor OrganizationandUnemplopnent:Insurance, TheInterpretation and Revision ofInternational LaborConventions.He has specializedin the field ofConsumers' Cooperativesand the workof the InternationalLabor Office.Engagement:WestVirginia,November16toNovember23.

MARSHALL E.DIMbCK 4. s' Ph. D., Johns Hopkins, ( P. Government; Professor PublicAdministration, Uni- tip versity of Chicago;Social ScienceResearch Fellow;Administrative Surveys, 1!- Isthmian Enterprises,Canal Zone, and InlandWaterways Corporation.Au- . thor: British PublicUtilities and NationalDevelopment;Government-Oper- ated Enterprisesin thePanama Canal Zone.Field: Publicadministration. Engagement: Colorado,August 16toSeptember30. tk IRWIN EDMAN Ph. D., ColumbiaUniversity, field ofPhilosophy;Professor Philosophy,Co- lumbia; ColumbiaRepresentative, FifthInternationalCongress ofReligion, Brussels.Author: HumanTraits;The World, theArts. and theArtist.Dr. Edman has traveledextensively and has madehis maincontribution inphilos- gr. ophy and aesthetics.Engagement: Colorado, August1 to August31.

WILLIAMTRUFANTFOSTER Jr Ph. D., ColumbiaUniversity;Director,PollakFoundation forEconomic Re- search,Newton, Mas's.;President,Higher EducationDepartment,National EducationalAssociation;member, AdvisoryCouncil, UnitedStates Depart- . ... $1;iiti s : ment of Agriculture,ConsumersLeague.Author: The Roadto Plenty; Money, Profits.Contributorto V numerous magazines andnewspapers.Field: i. il. Consumer problems andeconomics.Engagement:Minnesota,September1to October15. t ).41,3 WS27' JOSEPH H.FOTH Ph. D., ,r4r.4f* University ofChicago; Head,DepartmentofEconomics,University of Rochester;Former Head,Department ofEconomicsand College.Dr. Foth Sociology,Kalamazoo publishedabookonTradeAssociationsin1930; con- tributedarticlestonumerousnewspapers and magazines;lectures internationalism, on economic tax problems,consumers'cooperatives, andunemployment. Engagement:Kansas, September14to December 1. *SHERWOODGATES Professor Education,Philosophy,HendrixCollege, Arkansas;Dean andDi- rector of LeadershipTraining SchoolsandInstitutions inreligious educatior; for 6years; director oftravelingeconomic seminarthrough industrialcenters in UnitedStates. Author:The MakingofaBetter Vorld;Youthat Worship. Identified withvarious forummovements.Field: Socialproblems.Engage- ment: Arkansas, September14to January 29. PELHAM D.GLASSFORQ trnit, BrigadierGeneral, United States Army(retired);formerChief of Washington, D. Police, C., andPhoenix, Ariz.;FederalConciliator,labordispute, Imperial Valley,1934; instructor,West Pointandother years. army schools, 16 Author: Articlesoncrime, youthtransients,military textbooks.Field: j. Criminology and rfr National defense.Engagement:Colorado,September16to October15.

CULLEN B.GOSNELL . Ph. D., Prin n;Head,Social ScienceDepartment,EmoryUniversity Fou.nder-Dire ,Institute ofPublic Affairs,Atlanta.Author:Government and PoliticsoGeorgia; CompulsoryArbitration.Dr. Gosnellhas traveled extensively throughoutthe UnitedStates andspent 16 monthsovèrseas during the WorldWar.Field Of research,internationalrelations.Engagement: Tegnessee, January4 to January23. , . a EMORY Q.HAWK th.D., University ofVirginia; Head,Department ofEconomics,Birmingham Southern College;Director, FederalConsumer's Council.Author: Economic History of the South,numerousbulletins andarticlesvoneconomic subjects. Dr. Hawk haslectured beforeclubs andassociationsthroughout thecountry in the field ofeconomics.En,Ragements: WestVirginia, September8 to Sep- teinber15; Tennessee, I December 14to January 16. .

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v I P- . . ..s . - AitZSAria- alit,11.*"'.}».: a-":S'1.-z-4:?1,1.11_:-41A:3.14_1;17t NW':,--4,4-0-r--.4"2s-;, t: FORUM'FACULTY, 1 - LOUISE BILESHILL Ph. D., VanderbiltUniversity,studied.atCOlumbia, University of Chicago,and Cornell.Past 14 yearsprofessor social sciences incolleges in United States andatthe NationalUniversity of Mexico.Author: State Socialismin the Confederate Statesof America; Joseph E. Brownof Georgia and the Con- federacy.Field: Sociology andproblems of the South.Engagement:Ten- nessee,September 28 to November 28. HENRY HODGES Ph. D., Universityof Pennsylvania; Associate Professor PoliticalScience, University of Cincinnati;Director, Municipal Reference Bureau,City Hall, Cincinnati; Director, Mount WashingtonPublic Forums, Cincinnati; special- ist in local government.Author: Doctrine of Intervention;United States and Great Britain.Engagement: Oregon,December 1IQ 31. LLOYD, HUNTINGTON Degrees, University of Illinois and Yale.Specialist% Adult Education, Ten- nesseeValley Authority; former student secretary, director, Summer.Industrial Research Commissions, Detroit Y. M. C. A.Leadership in various forums and informal discussiongroupsthroughout the country.Field of research,eco- nomics, and industrial problems.Engagement:Arkansas, September 14to January 29, 1937. MALCOLM KEIR Ph. D., University of Pennsylvania; Professor Economics, Dartmouth; Chair- man,Department Arbitrator, Industrial Relations Division, Q. M. Corps., 1918-19; member, American Economic Association.Author: Manufacturing Industries in America, Industrial Organization, Epic of Industry, March of Commerce, Manufacturing.His field is industrial problems:Engagement: New Hampshire, FebruarytoJuly.

GRAHAM ALLAN LAING M. A., University of Liverpool;Professor of Economicsand Business %Adminis- tration, California Institute of Technology;Depatment Education andDi- rectorof Technical Education, Vancouver,B. C.T1914-17).Awarded the Gladstone Prize in History and the RathbonePrize in Economicsatthe Uni- versity of Liverpool.Lecturer, adult educationprogram,Southern California. Field: Economic problems.Engagement: California, September.1 to Octo- ber15. fr4 EMIL LENGYEL D. J., Royal Hungarian University, Budapest; lecturer, journalist, author; Professor History, Royal Hungarian University, Budapest,1918.Author: Hitler; New Deal in Europe, Millions of Dictators.An eye-witness of eight European revolutions; prisoner during thewarin Siberia.Dr. Lengyel has studied Fascism and Communism. Engagements: rest Virginia, Spring;Ore- gon,September; Colorado, October; Minnesota, November 1toJanuary 31. MALCOLM MACLEAN Ph. D., University of Minnesota, English.Director of General College, Uni- versity of Minnesota;Instructor English, Northwestern University;Processor of English, University of Minnesota; Assistant Director, Universityof Wis- consin Extension Center:Coauthor: Men andBooks.Field: Youthmeet- ing changing economic conditions;organized eXperiments at University of Minnesota in educating youth to meetmodern problems.Engagement: Ore- gon,January 15 to February 1, 1937. JOHN BROWN MASON Ph. D.,bniversityof Wisconsin; Head, Departmentof Social Science, Profes- sorHistory and Government,Colorado Women's College;Professor Political Science and History,University of Denver.Author: Hitler's First Foes.Dr. Masoil has just returnedfromanextensivetrrO through Europe studyingcon- ditions in Spain, Germany,and the Free Cityof Danzig.Engagement:Cal- ,ifornia, November 1 toDecember 18. CLINTON F. McCLINTIC f M. D., Universityof Cincinnati;Warden, West Virginia Penitentiary,Mounds- ville;Director, WestVirginia State Chamber of Commerce;former Profes- sor,University of SouthDakota, Detroit Collegeof Medicine and Surgery. Dr. McClintic hastraveled extensively, studying atLondon, Paris, Strassburg, Edinburgh, and Dublin.His main studies havebeen of crimeand other social problems.Engagement: West Virginia,Spring, 1936.

0 4 WALLACE McCLURE Ph. D., Columbia University,field of Economics; Assistant Chief, Treaty Di- vision, United States Department of State; TechnicalAdviser, American Pel- egation at Montevideo, 1933.Author: A New American Commercial Policy; Pk. World Prosperity; has in preparation The DemocraticMethod ofEntering gitntoInternational ACts.Field: World economics.Engagements: Colorado, July 16toJuly .37;Te)messee, December 16 toDecember 18.

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I - 1,:s . *,-' '- FORUMFACULTY J. M. McDANIEL Ph. D., Johns HopkinsUniversity; Assistant Professor,Economics Depart- do ment, Modern Labor Problems, Dartmouth;member of American Economics Association; Member ofNational Tax Association.Dr. McDaniel has written numerous newspaper and magazine articles dealing with laborand economic problems.Engagement: New Hampshire,SeptemberI to February I. WILLIAM F. McDONALD Ph. D., Cornell University;Professor History, Ohio StateUniversity; has taughtat Cornell and University of Minnesota; publishednumerousprofs- sional articles in The Journalof Roman Studies, The ClassicalQuarterly. both English publications;completingatwo-volume work on Hi4tory of .0f71 Western Civilization.Field: Historical approachto contemporary problems. Engagement: Colorado, March15 to May 15.

LAURA WAPLES MCMULLEN

, Graduate work, University ofChicago.Nationalofficer,Federation of 4 Women's Clubs.Author: Building the World Society.Traveledexten- ..sively in Europe and the Far East; organizer of forums forWomen's Clubs. . Field: Social andeconomic problems.Engagements: Vest Virginia, Spring; C lorado, June 16toJuly 15; Minnesota, September1 toNovember30; Knsas,December1 to January 30. , WALTER J. MILLARD Graduate, Regent St. Polytechnic, London. ManyyearsField Secretary, Pro- portional Representation League and National Municipal League.Student of city government, city manager plan, city charters, and municipal refo;93..-- Engagement: Tennessee,November16 to January 30.

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I. ite PETER H. ODEGARIL, Ph. D., Cokumbia;Professor PoliticalScience, Ohio State University; former at, 11, ., Assistant Professor Government, Williams College;.Professor Political Science, Stanford; Fellow, Public Law and Jurisprudence, Columbia.Author: Pres- surePolitics;The American Public Mind.Dr. Odegard servedasforum leader in the Des Moines Forums.Figld: Propaganda and public opinion. Engagement: Colorado, March 15 to September I. CHARLES A. ORR Professor Economics Department, University of Michigan;Professor Eco- nomics Department, University of Louisville;Statistician, Health Section, League ofNations, Geneva. Traveled extensively,studyingfirsthand r economic conditions in Europe and in Mexico;field of present study, inter- national boycotts, economic sanctions, and nonviolentcoercion in India and Palestine.Engagement: West Virginia, Spring,1936.

PHILIP A. PARSONS Ph. D. Columbia; Professor Sociology, Syracuse; Head of Department of Social Work, Oregon University; member, Oregon State Planning Board. .Author: IntsoductiontoSoci41Problems;Crime and the Criminal; Respon- sibility for Crirle.Dr. Parsons has madeanintensive study of the develop- 4.6,4 mrntof the Pacific Northwest.Ertgagement: Oregon, October 15toNovem- 4berI. HUBERT PHILLIPS Ph. D.,Colur4if Professor Social Science, Fresno State College; Professor AmericanPeogog College,Oetz, Austria.For the past 10yearsDr. Phillips has been active in the Adult Educationmovementin California.An exten- sive traveler in Europe; his special field of interests lies in democratic govern- mentand ipternational affairs.Engagement: West Virginia,February 1to Ju4 I. 4

WILLIAM PICKENS M. A., Yale University; Director (Of Branches, National Association fag Ad- vancementof Colored 'People; ftdrher Dean andVice President, Morgan Col- lege, Baltimore.Ailtitor;rife'Heir of Slaves; The New Negro; Bursting Bonds; contributing editér for..th,Associated Negro Press.Mr. Pickens has lectured extensively in Etrrope: ngagement: WestVirginia, December28 to January 5. A e JAMES K. POLLOCK Pit D., Harvard; ProfessorPolitical Science, Universityof Michigan. Author: 16;° I : a Party Campaign Funds; Readings in AmericanGovernment; Money and Poli- tics Abroad; The Hitler Decrees.Extensive traveler inEurope; official in Saar Plebiscite.Dr. Pollock. isaspecialist in elections,politicalparties, civil service, and Europeangovernments.Engagement: Oregon, September1 toSeptember 21.

alb.

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e, c...... :-.....;;%..t.,'!:.;...s.",.. :.'biz.;... ,,,,.-.!-.,, '..sg .;.. ..i,-.n..--.4,,..t ,,,...: ... .so " .... -..,:,.I..v : 7/, ,' ...i ...,'. , .:. -;,..=6. --...,.. . : . #.1:.q.g.::(-;¡:_.;&11.7e,7?,,,§, 6 ca- -..0'.,rf...*:,,Zsi ..4,1,:;.fVI,:r..:... , ..-, 7i ..;,, ; ...,: . . 1. 'IN ....71..tt;.4..- -c..S.', 4-4:114:: f)''.¡4:-...-1...L.v.;, 2 k P .1 - - FORUM FACULTY CAMERON RALSTON t. Ditector Religious Activities, Washington andJefferson College,Washing- 1. ton, Pa.; newspaper writer; Regional Director, Near East Relief,1924-28; Chairman, CommissiononCause and Cure ofCrime, Pennsylvania; has writ- tenextensivelyon causeandcureof crime.Field of study,- Criminology.En- gagements:West Virginia, September8toOctober 15; Kansas, December1 to January 30. HELEN DWIGHTREID Ph. D., Radcliffe and Harvard,International Law;Associate Professor His- toryand Government, BuffaloUniversity; Carnegie Fellow,International Law, _Arks 1922-24.Author: International Servitudes inLaw and Practise; Life of Wil- liam Maxwell&arts.Dr. Reid has done extensive researchin Europeon international problems.Engagement:Minnesota, December 1to January3). ç. AURELIAHENRY REINHARDT Ph. D., YaleUniversity; President MillsCollege; memberBoard of Trustees, Institute of Pacific Relations.Dr. Reinhardthas contributedto various jour- nals andmagazines,edited The Monarchia ofDante Alighieri,andThe Silent oman;studied artisticforms inliterature, architecture, music,and the decorativearts.Engagement:Colorado, October19 to October23.i

EMERSON)k.SCHMIDT Ph. D., University ofWisconsin;Professor,School ofBusiness Administra- tion, Universityof Minnesota; formerProfessorat Marquette, Wisconsin,and Oregon Univ"ersities.Author:Taxation inMinnesota; OldAge Pensions; Labor Aspects ofUrbanTransportation;Industrial Relationsand Collective A' Bargaining.Dr. Schmidt'sfield of interestlies chiefly in sociologicalprob- lems.Engagement:Minnesota, September1 to December30.

,. PAUL H.SHEATS -13-.51g Ph. D.,Yale; fnstructor, %-e.1 A Department ofEducation, Yak;Supervisor,W. P. A. Collegiate Center,New Haven;Professor,New YorkState Collegefor Teachers, Albany. Coauthor:CitizenshipEducation Throughthe Social Studies,Traveledthroughout the UnitedStates and Europe.Field of study: Citizenship educationand democracy.Director ofChattanooga-Hamilton County forums.Engagement:Tennessee, July.1 to February1. IIIII- et , f DAVIDSNEDDEN Ph. D., Columbia University; .ProfessorEducation,Columbia; formerMassa- chusetts StateCommissioner ofEducation.Author:Problems ofSecondary Education; 1,rocationalEducation;SociologicalDetermination ofObjectivesin Education;TowardBetter Educations;Educations forPolitical Dr. Snedden Citizenship. has beenidentified witheducationalmovements throughoutthe UnitedStates.Engagement:Oregon, October1 to October15. . "4:11,44'..11 ; GEORGEW. SPICER Ph. D., JohnsHopkinsUniversity;AssociateProfessor University of PoliticalScience, Virginia;Chairman,VirginiaCommissiononCountyGovern- ment.Coauthor:Essays onthe Lawsand PracticeofGovernme-ntAdmin- istration.Dr. Spicerwrote the major part of threereportson countygovern- bow ment to the Governorand GeneralAssembly ofVirginia.Engagement: Tennessee, September7 to September26. ROBERTLEE SUTHERLAND Ph.. D., ChicagoUniversity;Chairman, Divisionof SocialScience, Bucknell; Assistant ProfessorSociology,Cornell,summer session;editori,a1board, PennsylvaniaJournal ofSocial Work.Coauthor:Principlesof Sociology. Former leader,Forest BeachForum, CampMichigan;organizer' andleader of Adult EducatiohConference,Pennsylvania,1935.Field of study:Social and -economic problems.Edgagement:Oregon, September1 to FebruaryI. WALTER A.TERPENNING Ph. D., University ofMichigan, field ofSociology; ProfessorSociology,West- ernState TeachersCollege; Y. 'M.C. A. Secretaryin RussiaJuringWorld -.War.Author:To Rassra andReturn; SocialOrganizations WorkingWith Rural Communities,-Village andOpen-Country Neighborhood.Visited15 foreign nations'studyingrural and urbanproblems.Engagement:New 'York,September1 toFebruary 1. FLORA M.THURSTON M. A., Columbia;Supervisor with OregonState System of HigherEducation; professorat Colorado State College,summer session; past ExecutiveSec- retaryof Parent Education,New York City; President,National Council of Parent Education; organizedconferences of Congressof Parent-TeacherAsso-: ciations, American Home EconomicsAssociation, American Vocátiorial.Asso- ciation.Field: Parent educ.ition.Engagement: Oregon, September1to February 1. 't;

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: t i. ';t, : ....:-," s r , . , . . . .. A.:, ...... 2:,....L...ii:jL&&.2.111-11iihiiiizi'2,111ilk. 'I FORUMFACULTY

ARNOLDR. VERDUIN v Ph. D.,University ofMichigan,EuropeanHistory; legiate Director, BuffaloCol- Center;Chairman,Social ScienceDepartment,BuffaloState Teachers College, 1934-35;member, AdvisoryCouncil,BuffaloCommunityForum. Author: TheSpanishConstitution4,1812;ModernSp.zniih Traveled Constitution. extensivelyin Europe.Field:Internationalrelations.Engagement: New York,September1 to February1.

' HARRY W.VOLTMER . Ph. D.,University ofIowa; ProfessorofPolitical Science,DePauw versity; conducted Uni- forum forseveralyearsin Greencastle,Ind., underauspici.: of theUniversity onCurrent PoliticalProblems-.Field ofstudy: Problemsof democracy'.Engagement: Arkarpas,September14to Janna9 29.

: PAUL K.WALP Ph. D., JohnsHopkins;Head, PoliticalScience.Dcprtmes arshall lege. Author: Col. ConstitutionalDerelopinenw-oftl ague...ofNationr. Former- Board ofDirectors, Nation m.-Dr..Walphas.traveled extensively bothin- Europeandt eStates andholds4degree froM the University ofGeneva.Hiseld isinternational- relaiións.Engagement: West Virginia, November23 to November30. . ..

L t iftq PRANKB. WARD A 4,41151 #44-g Ph. D.,University of Pennsylvania;fieldofEconomics;Supervisor,General Economics,Department ofCommerce, UniversityofTennessee;Consultant Economist.Author: UnitedStates Labor Boardanil RailwayLaborDi.iprat.I. Ward kcturedlast winterat the Conference ofExtensionWorkers, Orangehurg,S. C.,-heldunder theauspices of theUnited States of Department Agriculture.Engagement:Tennessee, September14to 20. Detember .4 Is

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J. C. BESWICK *NewYork City; member ofthe Board ofthe EVERETTDEAN NationalCongress ofParent-Teacher MARTIN M. A.,vocatior:al-education.Director,Voca- Associ- tionalEducation, ations;formerprofessorPublic Speaking, ,Graduate, IllinoisCollege. CaliforniaState Depart- University Head,Depart- ment of Education;former of Maine;fieldrepresentative, ment of AdultEducation,Pomona instructor, Manual AmericanHygiene College; Arts HighSchool, LosAngeles, Calif. Association.Field: Re- lecturedat New Schoolfor SocialResearch, Chief, search andlecturing,family Division of Industrial'Education,California. relationships. New York;BtookwoodLaborCollege,-1923, Author of .Engagement:West Virginia,November30 to director,CooperUpionForum, many reports and pamphletsdis- January1. New York. tributed byCaliforniaDepartment of 'Author: TheBehavior ofCrowdi:The Voca- ing of Mean- tionalEducation.Field:Industrial andvoca- CALVINC. FLINT aLiberalEducation:Liberty.Dean tiOnalarts.EngSgement:Oregon, Novem- ofAmericanForum Leaders.Field:Soci- ber1 to November15. M. A., StanfordUniversity; DeanofMen, ology. Engagement:California,November Santa AnaJunior College;Conductor, Junior 1to November30. ALLEN 4 BLAISDELL Forum,Santa Ana, Calif.;Assistant, Hist6ry n. Department,StanfordUniversity; B. A., PomonaandUnion Theological Prpfessor, FRANKMILES Semi- Moran JuniorCollege. Astudentat .the Sor- nary; Director, InternationalHouse, Berke- bonnein Paris.Mr. Flint LL. B., Drake ley;formerassistant director, has traveledex- University;editor,Iowa Le- New York tensively inEurope and hasmadeapartieulat -.Omit-mire;three timespresident, InternationalHouse;instructor,Japanese Legion Press study ofconditions inRussia.Engagement: Association;,formerlycity CommercialSchool, Fukuika,1919-20; field treasurer,news- California. . paper reporter, and of study,international affairs. editor.Threeyears State Engagement: chairman,AmericanEducationWeek; California,November15 to December18. WILFRID L. HU§BAND speaker at the NationalEducationAssociation .Cori- vention, . STEWARTF. BRYANT World travelerand lecturer.Mr. Husband Portland,Oreg.,1936.Engagement: California,January1 histraveledextensively inthe FarEast and to January8. Lieutenant Commander,UnitedStates Navy Europe. Returning from (retired)West Coast tour of Sweden, ., Director,.1;eague of Denmark, andFinland wherehe studied social M. W.ROYSE NationsAssociation. . Long Naval andDiplo- andeconomicachievements. Field: Soci- ,matic recordin Far East,Turkey, Ph. D., Washington- ology.Engagement: WestVirginia,Novem- Columbia;organizer anddirector, Tirnfeten&on Limitationot- Armaments: ber9 to November30. TeachersTrainingCenter forWorkersEduca- CI-airmail,'PaloAltoCommunity; - tion, Puer*Rico; Forums;, formerinstructor inGov- contributorCurrentHistory,NewYork JOSEPH S. KORNFELD ernment, Harvard andCollege of theCiti-of Time:, Military andNaval Record,New York-- New York.Authi:hoernational A. B.,University of. v Regula- , Herald-Tribune...Field: . Internittionalrela- CincinnAti; graduate jion,pfWarfare,tompletingtwo-volume work,McGillUniversity andUniversity of Etwgement:"OregoN, JanuaryI to I. .:wórkonEuropeanMinorities,under , auspices , Chicago;born . January 31.. Austria-HungarY. Rabbi: of HarvardBureau ofInternationalResearch. -. Pine Bluff, Ar14,;. Montreal,Canada; Colum- ,Field:Internationalrelations.Engagement: . s.* NMI-UV. EDSON bus, Ohio:1898-1921.United StatesMinister ir ,, West Virginia, December28 toJanuary15. to Persia, 1921-24;Rabbi andlecturer since ,- .-- =Gradu'ate 2ittorki,+-}faxvikkij -,,44-Columbia. 1924.Field:Sociology. Engagement:West -Notr----A numberof forumleaderswere Scipervisor, ikpartnienf ttilrblieW-elfArt, , .. Virginia,September28 _' - . - to November 9. . . selected Oter-tifis publiptionwent ,to, pre4s. . : I...... -.---' . I , . .4,1 - . e -* ;7_16 .'''''74.-.. 1.1-4 4.) . . . * I. bb t .7.Lt; , .4 23 r.:..* .t", ...`."-. I JO-NA_---- -7...a, ' - .r V;t-er.: . 1 I . .. .( .46%)..9,---- -4 . is 1. ' . 11( ; . .... O : -A _..2! -..."., . 0., ... . 1 V - ...... ' I . , t.. ' .....I, . . S , 6 ... . ':.i . ; . . f. j . .-. '': i' .}. 'Jib 0. I. f..r` .... 4111:'. ;!...r-s..;;- ...... _..1, --1:>:-..-14.4---4,- 4;4 :4%;;.J.i0.;' olaa,,-1 : 41.1-,!. ....-2,..-., . TOPICS FORDISCUSSION The following lift gites thetopics discussed in Colorado Springs, Manchester,and Monongalia County during thespring period with thenamesof leders

Colorado Springs, Colo. Luncheon Forums--Odegardand McDonald AldenG. Alley 0 BenM.Cherrington Should ate Power of theSupreme Court Be Who Are theWar Makers? The Road Ahead for America. Curbed? National Defense. PeaceurWar in Eumpv Should the United StatesMaintain Strict Neu- The League, The Court, OurCountry. MustnitWest Get Out of the East ttality in All Future Wars 1914versus1937Is the Danger of Waras Where N't iii Our -Good Neighkg-Policy Is War Inevitable? Great TodayasThen? Lead Us Is the New Deal Socialistic? aNew Political Party? Monongalia County, W. Va. William F.McDonald ,Do We Need Can We Conquer Poverty ? Alden G. Alley in Constitutional Crises History. Should We EstablishaSystem of Govern- Pactaturs, Ancient and Modern. ment-Supported Medical Care? Who Are the War Makers? Wa,andlmperialitmFromPhararditi) The Economic Causes ofWar. Mussolini. Should Capital Punishment Be Abolished? CanaDemocracy Plan Its tconomic Life? America Self-Contained. CapitalismandReligion in theModern The League, The Court, andOur Country. Worl I. Should the Nations of the Western Hemi- Political Corruption, Past vid Present. sphere FoundaLeague of Nations? Emil Lengyel Revolution, Reform, and Social Progress. Is PropagandaaMenace? , Democracy, Past and Present. Did the United States MakeaMistake in Problems of the Danube Valley. Liberty Through the Ages. Recognizing Russia? America's Role in World Affairs. Cümmerk.e. Culture, and Social Progress. FascismorDemocracy. The Underlying Causes of Fascism and Bol- Alb shevism. Machines: ,FororAgainst Us Laura Waples McMullen Do We NeedaNew Constitution? Clifton F. McClintic How Sweden Won Recovery. Cooperatives---LHere and Abroad. Consumers Cooperation in Sweden: Should Organized Lobbying Be Prohibited?' Crime Prevention. How Can We Buy More Goods? The Department of Statein the American Laura Waples McMullen Should Women Work? System of Government. Peter H. Odegord Pan-America and the World's eeace. How Sweden Won Recovery. How Can We Buy More Goods? The Cimstituticm, What It Isand Why. Manchester, N. H. Consumers' Cooperation in Sweden. Social Planning and the Constitution. Malcolm Kfir Should Women Work? The Supreme Court, GuardianorGag of the Constitution. Should Women Be Wage Erners? CharlesA. Orr Dictatorship,Centrafizaeion, and Democracy. Do Machines Oust Men? 'Political Parties and the Constitution. Short- Versus Long-Term Unemployment. Fascism and Democracy. Constitutional Issues in the Coming Campaign. Is Consumers' Cooperation Workable in New Political Machines inaDemocracy. Finding the Phantom Public. Hampshire? The Cooperative Movement. Foundations of individual Personality. Is the Townsend Plan Pract e Trade UnionsTheir Structures and Policies. The Behavior of Crowds. Should the Power of theUnited States Su- PillarsofSociety,Family,Church, and premeCourt Be Altered ? Hubert Phillips School. Do We Pay Our Executives Too Much? Just What Is the Constitution? Agencies of Communication,The Press. Does Scientific Management Hurt Labor? The Supreme Court and Social Change in the Agencies of Communication,RadioMotion Do Company Unions Help Labor?" United States. Picture. AreCraftUnionspetterThan dustrial What Is Society's Duty to the Unfortunate? Pressure andPropaganda in Modern Society. Unions? The American Prayer: Forgive Us OurDebts. Island of Democracy,England. Should Doctors Be Public Officers? War and Peace: The Forces Making for Each. The DemocraticFrontier in Europe. IsaLabor Political Party Probable? England: The Bulwark of Democracy. Fascismonthe Rhine and theAdriatic. Are Free Speech, Free Press, and Free Assem- France: A Nation Beset by Fear. The CommunistFatherland. blage in Danger in America? Italy Drearn of Roman Grandeur. PoliticsPoliticiansand Democracy. Has the South Hurt New England? Hitler's Germany., Social Forces in AmericanPolitics. What Has HappenedtoManchester Since Is Soviet Russia Growing Conservative ? Candidates, Campaigns,Contributions. 1929? America in Transition.

(Continued hornpage17) The forumsareneeded by the working classes.They give the in Monongalia.County and vicinity.Typi-workingmanachanceto sizeup arguments proandcon,and thus But it is growing avoid being takenin by those whocanaffordto printand distribute cal of the commentswhich havecome tothe forum leaderSthe side theyareinterested in. an management'are the following: A labor leader. have heard morethoughtful discussion of public questionsonthe strtsof this town since theforumprogrambegan than I haveever At the time of the inauguration of theprogramitwasquite heard before. evident that therewere A lawyer. live and vital public questions that certain able and determinedgroupsdidnot wantdiscussed In the second stageof the project here, beginning next autumn,we C. ,should beginto reapthe benefits of the initial period of education ofin this community. Iampersuadednowthat there would be The community to the forum idea. nooppositiontothe presentation ofanysubject which the Presidentof reli Virginia Univerjity. forummanagement wouldsponsor. Representative citiiens of the county learned that controversial issties could be discussed publicly inanintelligent, friendlywaywithout The.forumprogramhas resulted, in,myopinion, inma'king prejudice, bitterness, and wild partisanship. Asaresult of the forumsthe communityas awholemorealert politically,moreinformed there has been developeda moreenlightened and intelligent attitude . economically, andmoretolerant socially.Such is the fqunda- towards the other person's viewpoint. 7 A high school principal. tionofa greatdemocratic institution of civic education.

tir 24 41.

dis! 1 .... 4-41 - : 25- 4 . 1ga. . `-- mar-1 ree__ MN .

SUBJECTSIN THETENCENTERS .

; Thefollowinglistgives the topicsorgeneral themestobe presentedby the leadersin thetencentersbt;tweenSeptember1, 1936 and February1,1937.This list is incomplete.

ChatfanoogabiamiltonCounty, Tenn. Garfield V. Cox We Moveinthe DirectionofaPlanned Walter D.Cooking Why WeHave Depressions. Economy. Why theExtreme Severity ofthe Recent De- Growth andSignificanceof ConsumerS'Co- Social Significancebof theTennessee .Vally pression? operatives. Authority. Can We MakePrivate EnterpriseSelf-Regulat- Next StepsAStudy of theProposedAve- ing? nues tu Economic Stability. Cullen B. Gosnell Can We ManageMonelj and Credit? New Aspects ofthe MonroeDoctrine. Will UnstableGovernment' Budgets Stabilize Harry W.Voltmer Business? The SupremeCourt. Emory Q. Hawk Social Security. Marshall E.Dimock EffectiveMeans of SocialControl. Must AmericaChoose? Labor Problems. The Consequences ofConce2tration- in Busi- Can it HappenHere? nessand Government. GovernmentControl ofBusiness. Louise BilesHill Government Uses theBusiness Corporation. Do We NeedaNew LiberalParty.' Can Government ServiceBe MadeaCareer ? The Citizen'sResponsibility forGuod Go. Solving theAgricultural Problemsinthe Is Regionalism theWay Out ? ernment. South. Is ThereaNeed for ConstitutionalReform ? Is Our DemocracyDemocratic! Providing for Social Security. What Are the Ends ofthe State in America ? Shall the PeopleGovern DirectlyorThrough The CooperativeMovement. Is Public Utility RegulationaFailure? Their Representatives? What HappensWhen Government Goes Into Spoils VersusMerit in theNational Admin- Wallace McClure Business? istration. America and Her ForeignNeighbors. Can Government Efficient? Walter J. Millard IrwinEdman Manchester,N. H. . Good Local Government. The Arts inademocraticSociety. Effective Voting. Life Begins WithFine Arts. Subjectstobe announced. Your MunicipalMoney's Worth. Morality and Immoralityin the Fine Arts. Taxation and the PublicDebt. ArtasPropaganda. Philosophyas aFine Art. Minneapolis,Minn.. Paul H. Sheats Pelham D. Glassford ErnestR. Bryon Battle for WorldPeace. Crime Prevention. Which Shall it Be,CourtorCongress? The UnitedStates in WorldAffairs. British ForeignPolicy. American DemocracyonTrial. EmilLengyel Democracy VersusDictatorship. The League ofNations andthe halo-Ethiopian The School's PlaceinaDemocracy. America's Role in World Affairs. Conflict. Problems of the DanubeValley. World Tradeand AmericanProsperity. George W. Spicer Unvdierly ing Causes ofFascism and Bokhe- The UnitedStates andLatin America. vism. Conflicts ofPolicy in theFar East. Making CountyGovernment Effective. Forces of War andPeace. Social SecurityWhatit Means andWhere it Leads. Wallace Frank B. Ward McClure TaxesWhatConstitutetCapacityto Pay .! Solving theUnemployment Problems. Colorado's Place in WorldEconomy. BeverageAlcoholItsRelationtoSafety, Understanding theInterdependence ofFarm The Democratic Approachto World Affairs. Youth Problems,Health, andGovernment and City. The Department ofState in the American Finance. Economic Future in theLight of the Past. System ofGovernment. EducationCostandValueto Community Wheie ShouldWe Go FromHere. Pan-America and theWorld's Peace. and Nation. The Meaning ofAmerican Citizenship. EducationWhere isit Leading? AureliaHenry Reinhardt Emil'Lengyel The Evolution ofArtistic Forms in the United - Colorado Springs,Colo. States in Literature,Architecture. America's Rolein World Affairs. Music and the DecorativeArts. The League ofNations:SuccessorFailure? Alden G. Alley Can America StayOut of the NextWar ? The Main Cause of Who Are the European Unrest. War Makers? The UnderlyingCauses of Fascismand Com- America Self-Contained? Little Rock, Ark. munism. National Defense. Sherwood Gates The Problems of the DanubeValley. The League ofNations. How Can War be Avoided? Mr. Every-Day-Citizen,the ChiefCauseof What is the AmericanDream ? Women in Germany and War. Russia. _ WhereAreWe Failing: Economic,Business. Criminality in Europe. Hitler's GermanyALesson for Us. Health, Home? Hitler, Mussolini, StalinAStudy of Char- Where Are We Failing:Political,Social, acters. Upton Close .1 Educational? Headliners in EuropeanPolitics. The Expar.sionistSpirit of WesteitCiviliza- WarA MajorThreattothe AmerIcan tion. .. Dream. Laura Waples McMullen Creation of ModemEmpireGreatBritain Methods of Realizingthe American Dream. Education foraChanging CivilizatiLn. How Sweden Won Recovery. the Model. Great Britain's Fightonthe Depression. The Empire CrazeHits'the Pacific:Growth Uoyd Huntineon Consumers' Cooperation in theScandinavias. of Japan. The Housing Problem:Is Government Parr Peace andthe Empire Illusion:Changing ThePersisttnt Peoblem ofUnemployment. ticipalion Desirable? Values and NewFrontiers for theExpan- The Distribution of-IncomeinaMachine Age. More o, Less GovernmentOwnership? sionist Spirit.. Economic NationalismFactorFancy.? Dictatorship: Resemblances and Differences.

4F 245

D.

, a Helen Dwight Reid M. W. Royse James K. Pollock Amertcan Foreign Policy. Trade UnionismAt Homeand Abroad. Position of Executive. Contemporary Political Thought. Human Rights inaNationalistic World. Importance of AdministrativeBranch. Public Opinion and Propaganda. The Worker Faces the World. Position. of the States. The. Conduct of Public Relations. Workers EducationAsanIntegral Part of Do We NeedNew Areas? International Law and Organization. A American Life. The Spoils System. This Independent World. What Civil ServiceMeans. ,Background of International Politics. Paulk.Wa lp Government of Merit. David Snedden he Constitution and the Supreme Court. Pan Americanism, Current InternationalRela- Theory and Practicin the Leading European tions. Problems of Education. Governments anif Japan. State'Covernmental Reorganization. Robert Lee Sutherland. Emerson P. Schmidt Orange County, Calif. Why Ten-Million Unemployed? Economics of Unemployment and Remedies. Is SocialorEconomic Security Possible? Unerilphiyment Insurance. subjectstobe announced. WhyaHungry NationWith Too Much he Problem of Old Age Dependence. Food? The Federal-State Social SecurityProgram. SocializedMedicineArguments Forand Public Utilities and the TVA Yardstick. Portland, Oreg. Against. The Place of Economic Theory in Politics and Do Machines OustMen? Public Affairs. Ewes+ Souther landBates The Workers'ProblemsinanIndustrial Industrial Relations and Collective Bargain- New Hope for Democracy. Society. ing. Should Women BeWage Earners ? The Future of CaPitalism. The Meaning of American Citizenship. Good and Bad Pressure Groups. The Consumer's Rightsin This Economic TheSuit- andPublic Medicine and Health. Age. Are You Propaganda WiseorFoolish ? The History of the AmericanConstitution. Monongalia County, W. Va. he ConstitutionandtheContemporary Flora M. Thurston Ernest R. Bryan American. Developing Democracy ThroughFamily Life. The Supreme Court and Congress. Conserving Family ValuesinaChanging EducationIts Cost and Value. Should the Power of the Supreme Courtbe World. World Trade and American Prosperity. Altered? Increasing Participation in Family Life. TaxesLocal, State, and National. Improving Methods of FamilyControl. J. C. Beswick Upton Close Trade and Industrial EducationversusProfes- Actual Prospects of War and Peace. sional Training. Schenectady, N. Y. United States Foreign Policy. Japan, China, Russia, and the U. S. A. Lt. Comdr. Stewart F. Bryant Subjectsto be announced. Conley H. Dillon ,National Security. American Participationin the International Norman F. Coleman Wichita, Kans. Labor Organization. Consumers Cooperation. Is AmericaaGood Neighbor? America's Stake in China. Charles N. Burrows Newell W. Edson The FarEastern TriangleChina,Russia, Criminology, Problems of Youth. Japan. Problems of the Family. Home Life, Parenthood, and Education. What is Driving Japan? A Nation in Diffi- Social Control and Social Service. Emory Q. Hawk culties. Royden J. Dangerfield Family Budgets and the Cost of Living. Emil Lengyel Current Problems in AmeticanForeign Policy. Wilfrid L Husband The Battle of Dictators. The Underlying Principles of Fascism and Current Problems in InternationalRelations. Good Times in Sweden. Current Problems in AmericanGovernment. Bolshevism. Economic Problems. TowardaNew Far Eastern Policy. The Forces of War and Peace. Germany Under Hitler. Joseph H. Foth William Pickens Women in Germany and Russia. Contribution of the NegrotoAmerica. Economic Internationalism. The Southern Sharecropper Problem. Malcolm MacLean Tax Problems. Are Educational Institutions Fitting Youthto Consumers' Cooperatives. Cameron Ralston MeetaChanging Social and Economic Unemployment. A Social Interpretation of Education. Order? Character in the Making. Cameron Ralston Philip K. Parsons Rehabilitation of Right Thinking. TheetimeQuestion. The Terminal Objectives of American Democ- The Development of the Pacific Northwest Objectives of AmericanDemocracy. racy. and the Bonneville Dam. Social Interpretation of Education.

q.

116 905.-

26

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114.. 'W tt.;.., a FUTURESTEPS

DEMOCRACYis thepolitiCalexpression of the scientificmethod. Progress The ThroughExperimentation great scientistsnecessarilydemandfreedomto inquire into the Thereareforty-eightState problems ofthe physicaluniverse andto publish andex- "experimentstations"develop- ingsystems of publiceducation,and change theirexperiments,research, andtheories.Theirsuc- thousandsof localunits, eachcontributingto the experience cessfulchallengeto the authoritarianismof theMiddleAges andknowledgeof allthe others.Herein liesthegenius of openedupthe roadto thenew eraofinvention andscience. practicaldemocracy.The Office ofEducationwasestablished Closeonthe heelsof th'escientists followedaschool ofthinkers as a nationalagency to facilitatetheexchange of in the fieldofgovernment whodemandedfreedomto inquire informationandexperienceamorrg thesemany into theproblems ofpublicwelfare. units inorderthat theleadershipinevery com- munitymight take advantageof thebestpractices andplans Finding Truth devised in theNation.And thisOfficeofEducationhasan- other andperhaps They arguedthat onlyunderthe conditionsof freedomof a more importantfunction.This function involves the expression,freedomto experiment, andfreeaccess toall kinds directpromotion ofexperimentationwithforward- loo ngeducational of ideasandproposals couldthe scienceoftruth-findingin ? policies andtechniquesbyenablingarda- tiv ly feweducational the socialfield beperfected.Those who hadcrownsand agenciesto actasnationaldemonstra- tioncenters. scepterswere more interested inprotecting theirspecial privi- Whatyouhave readin this publicationisa very brief leges thanin thediscovery ofsocial truth.All researchand descriptionof thewayin whichthe OfficeofEducation expression which has initiated ran counter to the beliefsandinterests of . demonstrationcenters in the fieldof adultc those whoheldauthority byheredityweresuppressed.The education: Lit:;;;i$ pi organization ofself-govemmentopenedthe roadtoa new era Findings of socialand politicaldevelopment. It is impossible 5NOV 2 onthe basisof threeshort recordsto fomu- Instead ofobeying decreesofalandedaristocracy, the wfwit people lategeneralconclusionsconcerningthe best elected way toorga. representativesaccountableto themto create the lawsand conduct affecting community-wideforumsin differenttypeso thecommonwelfare. . communities,butcertain significantneedsortrendsmaybe noted PopularEducation as a result of the firstfewmonths ofexperiencein the demonstrationcenters.One thing In orderto select theirrepresentativesandthrough them alreadyclearlyindicated, andalso substantiatedby the toexpresstleirgeneraldesires inpracticallegislation, itwas experimentin DesMoines, is the factthatparticipation essentialthat themassof thecitizenry beeducationally in the studyanddiscussionof public affairs is equippedto understand theissues affectingtheir livesandthe in ratherdirectproportionto the previousschooling of the alternativesolutionsbeing proposedby thestudents ofpublic people in theneighborhoodorthe districtwhere forums arescheduled. affairs.Whenthose issuescorKernedarelativelysimplesocial The relativedisplay ofinterest inpublicques- tions affecting andeconomicsystem, educationalprovisions forthemassof democraticactiononthepart of those whohave had the people couldwell beelementary.Thespontaneous gatherings advantagesof extendedformalschoolingisasignificant testimonyto the vital ofcitizens intown meetings,when thelargestcommunities importance ofwidespreadandefficiently numberedonlyafew thousandpeople andmost communitiesconductedpubliceducationinour democracy.'But theprob- lem of attracting- onlyafew hundred,served wèllthecauseof politicaleducation. the interestandserving theneeds ofthe relativelyunschooledpeople is beingattacked byten local ad- Past Steps ministrationssimultaneously.The leadersof theseexperi- ment stations, withthe help of Butasthe conditionsof lifetendedtowardcomplexity,the the OfficeofEducation,are exchaiiging theirexperiences andsuccessful need forextended andfree inquiryinto thescience ofsocial methods ofmeet- ing thisproblem.The final.results should living becamemoreandmore important.Free highschools thrownewlight .on this importantendeavor. wereaddedto the elementaryprograms.Free Stateuniver- One of themost significant sitiesweredeveloped.Night-schoolclasses anduniversity aspects of thereports of the threedemonstrationcenters is the large extensioncourses were organized foradults.Thousandsof participation ofyoung people in thediscussions and publiclibrarieswereestablished.Provisionsweremade for the influenceof theforumsupon a .more vitalized educational careful andconcentratedtraining forteachers.The school experience foryoung people in high schoolsandcolleges. year was lengthened.Thesestepsweretaken aftermuch experimentation by thevarious localandStateeduptional I seepp. 42 to 90 of "The American Way,by J. W.Stulehakcr,published agencies. ihyMcGraw Hill& Co.,a report of the Des to 39 of .Education Moines Experiment.Alsopp. 17 for IkmocraLy,Office ofEducation BulletinNo. 17,1935.

27

V ' t Forum Districts The primary object ofthe public forumproject isnotthe operation ofprogramsof discussion whichmayresult in wide- In the United Statesadult education generally,and that aspect spread immediate diffusionof civic enlightenment. Sucha re- of itwecall "civiceducation" in particular, lagsbehind devel- sult requiresalong-termprogram.In order tobe:effective in We have not begun to opmentsinsomeother countries. the interest of sustainingpopular self-government it mustbe approadi the recordof Sweden, for example, where about oneNation-wide and fosteredby thevastmajority of school systems. outofeverysix adults is engaged in somekindurstudyor The first tendemonstrationcentersand likewise thesecond organized discussión.The best facilitieswehate foradultdemonstrationprogramseektopoint thewaystoprovidea educationareconcentrated largely inafewgreatmetropolitan record of experience,andto suggestsuccessful patternsof centers.Therefore, another problemweface isthatof mak-organizationfor the benefit ofcommunity leadersin all parts ing available the best managementand the best leadership to. of the Nation. The people in small cities, towns,and rural communities. The AmericanWay demonstrations reportedhereinarebasedontheassumption and industrialprogresshas beenmade through that administrative districts for adult civic education mustbe Our scientific anevolution ofcontrolled andcarefully recordedexperiments planned intermsof the. adult population to be served.This and of planneddemonstrations.This is clearly theAmerican may meanthe organization ofanentire countyor evenof wayof planning andorganizingneweducational provisions The managements eral counties intooneforum district. to meetthe demands ofahighly integratedeconomic and social of eight of thetendemonstrationcenterswill be experimenting civilization.Future stepstoward the goal ofaNation-wide ith the planning of schedules of discussion meetingsin theorganization of publicdiscussionprogramsshould be takenin small communities located in various parts of the countyand accordancewith-the experience gained indemonstration centers. evenintwo orthree adjoining counties.Some of the meet-One step which ought tobe takensoonis the establishmentof ings will be scheduled 25or30 milesawayfrom the admin- 20or moreforum centers inas manyStates, inwhich 2-or3- istrativecenter. year programs maybe planned andrecorded. Thesearejustafew of the problems whicharebeingpre- Following the existingdemonstrations and thoseplanned sentedto 10local forum staffs.Their experiences, madegen- for thisyear, weshould be ready fora3-year programin erally available through the Office ofEducation, willbenefit the which about 20 forum centersmight operateprogressively dur- future of adult education throughout America. ing the entireperiod,anadditional 20 forthe second 2years, and 20morefor the thirdyear.These annual programswould Second Program Planned operateforum schedulesfor approximately 36weeks. During moreforum demonstrationscould be in Thetenforum demonstrations in the presentprogramwill the thirdyear one or conclude their schedules about February 1, 1937.Plansare operation in eachof the 48 States. demonstra- already underway toestablishten newdemonstrationcenters Basedonexperience in thesclocally managed a years,touch each of the intendifferent Statesto operatebetween February 1and tions whichshould, within few shouldbeevolved June 30, 1937.Anewappropriation has been granted tothe'States,acarefully drawnlegislativeprogram Office of Education for thepurposeof taking this further stepby which the Statesand the Federal Government may cooperate thesamegeneralwayin. in the promotion ofaNation-wideprogramof adult civicin advancingadult civic education in and supporting education. whicfit theynowcollaborate in stimulating foradults.The soundnessof thepro- City,county,and State educational authorities willbe in-vocational education leek. will depend itedtoapply forconsiderationortomake recommendations visions for suchaNation-wide permanent program astheones tothe Office ofEducation. Asaresult of operating the present uponthe extent andquality of suchdemonstrations program scoresof superintendents ofschools and educational herein described. leaders have alreadyappealed for the opportunity toplancom- The wealth and material progressof Americaareinnosmall munity-wide forumprograms.By extending the project intomeasurethe result of theapplication of thekientific method to newcommunities rather thancontinuing theprogramin theourvastnaturalresources.Our future greatnesslies in apply- present centers,the Office ofEducation will be able to test theing thatsamemethod to humanresourcesin the interestof the general plan inadifferent combination of communitycircum- perpetuation of self-governmentand freedom.The improve- stances,andtodrawupon newadministrative leadership.Thus entof social intelligencefor the democraticcontrol ofour the-causeof adult civiceducation continues toadvance through materialresourcesis the challengeofourday. the demonstrationmethod. J. W. STUDEBAKER. dz,Z. jib..

28

44

APIS ...

. . . 1. .1;1 b11- a...."---,*11*...-!''I.-. ; MOREMATERIAL

r:rczNictVikrtz;TV:44-. 7it FIVE INFORMINGW's

4 i! NINUACT WHERETO FIND ADULT CIVIC EDUCATION Public Affairs Pamphlets. A tabulation ofover400 pamphletsGivesnames,authors, pub- Ursi lishers, prices, and contentsUsefulto teachers of socialsciences r and forum directorsNewedition withmoretitles beingpre- 1 I paredFreeon requestwhilepresent supply lasts. jt4ttl'A - 4:4 Write: Office of Education, Washington,D.C t MI OM let WHYTHE NEED Pr SafeguardingDemocracy Through Adult CivicEducation. A booklet presenting several ofthe Commisskiner'spublic addresses and articlesDiscussesthe philosophy ofcivic educa- tionUsefultoteachers and civk leadersseekingaclear-cut defi- nition and defense of academic freedomand of adultcivic education. Price 5 centsSupelintenclent of Documents,Wuhingtoo, D. C

WAYTO PROCEED Education for DemocracyPublicAffairsForup. A handbook for forumleaders and managersDevotedmainlyto techniques and methodsPresents factual materialonDes Moines and other forumscontains billiographyonforums and public discussion. Price 10 centsSuperintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C.

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WHATMETHODS WORK WHEN TO START Choosing OurWayA study of America's Forums. Junior ForumsInHigh Schools, Colleges, and Uni- Basedon a surveyof 430 forums under various auspices versifies. Study of methods oforganization, finance, techniques, Describes discussionprogramsin high schools and uni- versitiesureported in recent surveyA handbook for subjects,attendance,novelexperiments,promotion teachers, school executives, and university authorities inter- plansContainscharts, graphs, and tabulationsUseful ested in practicalwaysof training youth in the discussion .. toforum leaders,managers,school principals,superin." methodIncludes illustration panels and4mposiuzns,vitaP tendents, and ciyicleaders. izedcommencementplans, and suggestionsonvisual aids.

Copiesmaybe brdeted bywriting; Office of Education, Washington, D. C Copiesmaybe ordered by writing: Office of Education, Washington, D.r..

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