T H E ELATOR® Vol. 26, No.1, January 2012
• THE CONTEST BETWEEN APOLLO AND MARSYAS • A SUPERNOVA ON ANCIENT COINS - PART 4 Visit www.TomCederlind.com .. .
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www.TomCederiind.com/[email protected] Vol. 26, No. 1 The CelatoY" Inside The Celato ~ ... January 20 12 Consecutive Issue No. 295 Incorporating Romall Coins mid Gil/111ft! FEATURES PublisherlEditor Kerry K. Wetter-strom [email protected] 6 The Contest Between Apollo and Marsyas by Peter E. Lewis Associate Editors A Supernova on Ancient Coins - Part 4 Robert L. Black 16 Michael R. Mehalick by Robert S. McIvor Page 6
For Back Issues From DEPARTMENTS 198710 May 1999 contact: Wayne Sayles [email protected] 2 Editor's Note Gaming Next Month Art: Parnell Nelson 4 Letters to the Editor 34 Memoria in Aeterna - Greg Franck-Weiby & Maps Graphic Art: .f,lrofitts ill tllllllismfltics Page 16 Kenny Grady 35 Art and the Market P.O. Box 10607 36 Coming Events lancaster, PA 17605 TeVFax: 717-656-8557 38 C ELTIC NEWS by Chris Rudd (OHlce Hours: Noon to 6PM) For FedEx & UPS deliveries: 41 ANTlQl) ITI ES by David Liebert Kerry K. We"erstrom 87 Apricot Ave 42 Myth of U.S. lunds, are $36 per year (Pe Professional Directory riodical fate) within the United 47 Marsyas in the Roman Stales; $45 to Canada: $75 pel Visual Arts by Piers B. year to all other addresses (ISAL). 53 Classifieds Rawson), and an an Advertising and copy deadline is tique marble copy of a the lirst workday 01 each month lOf 53 On the Rood - The Celotor"s Show & Club Schedule the IoIklWing montt1's issue. Unso statue known as ~T he licited articleS and news releases Kn ife Gr in der ~ (p hoto are welcome, however publication 54 Club & Society Directory cannot be guaranteed. Unless ex courtesy of the author). pressly stated. 100 Celalorneiiher 55 Index of Display Advertisers endor.>es nor is respooslble IOf the contents 01 advertisements,letters The Gelator office I()-~,leature articles, regu lar columns and press releases In will be closed onJan. its pages, including any opinions 4 1h_81h and March stated thefein, end the accuracy 01 th• its cootribu 22"'1·24 Check the any data provided by ft tors. Periodical postage paid ~On the Road sec~ (USPS '006(177) La ncaster, PA tion (p. 53) for further 17604 and additional offices. details. Office hours Copjright C 20", PNp, Inc. are normally Noon to Postmaster: please send 6PM EST. Please address changes 10: keep in mind that this P.O. Box 10607 is a one-person busi Lancaster, PA 17605-0607 ness when you're trying to reach me. FOUNDED 1987 BY Thank you! WAYNE G. SAYLES
January 2012 1 EDITOR'S . COMING NEXT ~ MONTH NOTE ~. IN THE CELATOR· John Eshbach. a good fri end and Half-Figure of Ih e King one of my loca l Ullraveling Ihe Mysleries of numi smati c mell the Earliest Siglai of Darius J tors, died on December 4th. As he was 90-years-old, and suffering from con by William E. Daehn gestive heart failure, his death was not John's own vol utlleer work for the Demeter's Torch & Tile a surprise, but nevertheless, he wil l be ANA was recognized when he was Mysteries of Elet/sis greatl y missed. Joh n was a ti reless awarded the ANA's highest honor, the leader and volunteer on the local. state. Farran Zerbe Award, at the 2009 ANA by George L Beke and national levels for our hobby. He World's Fair of Money in Los Angeles. was one a flhose people that you could John was a quiet, dignified man. and a AND COMING SOON always count on for help, and solid, man of few words, and [ remember leas Fromlile Shekel Halrodesh well-thought OUI advice. ing him if he had written an acceptance I first met John not long after mov speech for th e Zerbe Award. He had not. 10 Ihe Shekel of Israel ing to Lancaster in the fall of 1987. I and was nOllhrilled about the idea of mak by Gary M. Fine attended the Pennsylvania Associati on ing any sort of speech, but he still man of Numismatists (PA N) convention, aged to give some very heartfelt remarks A "New" Bronze of which was held in at the banquet. Antigonos Gonatas Lancaster Ihat In 2008. the Red year, and John by Walter C. Holt M,A. "!leamed the value of a Rose Coi n Club cel prompt ly i ntro ebrated its 50,h ann i Numismatic Evidence of duced himsclf to local COil1 club, and being versary. The club me , and also told a local volunteer, from the has a tradition of is Bishops' Symbols me that I needed to example set by lohll Esh s uing an updated by Gary Waddingham join PAN and the bach. Johll was ah'o an ac printed history every How to Read the local coin club, the tive member of the Ameri 10 years, and we had Red Rose Coin been saving money Legends on Coins of the can Numismatic Associa Club. I remember the pre vious ten Western Kslwtrnpas: telling him that I tion (ANA ), and even ye:.rs to pay for the was too busy to though I wos already active 50-year history. The A Beginner's Guide j oin a local club, ill the ANA, John was 01- only problem was by Pankaj Tandon but he insisted, and ways encouraging me to that we couldn't find s igned me up. A Unique Ci~ ;f Seal 'ramp liP' my volunteer anyone to write it. Eventually, proba As [ was president afColonia Ptolemais workJor the ANA." bly about a year of the club in 2008, by Adolfo Eidelstein laler, [ finally at I repeatedly asked for a volunteer to no tended a Red Rose Coin Club meet avail. Finally, John came to me, and said Astrngaloi 011 Al1cieilt ing, and was duly impressed. he would write the hi story. Not only did Coins: Game Pieces or The Red Rose Coin Club (R RCC) he write it, but he also designed and is one of the most successful local typeset it using his computer. Age1lts of Prophecy? coins clubs in the country. due to the John spent the last few years work by Bekirom Tahberer hard work of such longtime members ing on this project. At our club's most as John Eshbach. RRCC meets twice recent annual banquet. held on Novem Til e Ancienl Cily of Pili lippi, It month, and has over 250 members. ber 17 <1>. John was in attendance wilh his and the 'Eid Mar ' Coinage The cl ub also sponsors two coin shows granddaughter, Jessica Miller. She qui by Marvin Tameanko a year. I learned the va lue of a local etly mentioned to a couple of our mem coin club, and being a local voluntee r, bers (Sam Nolt an d John Long) thai Pythagoras and the Inwse from the example set by John Eshbach. John's prognosis WllS not good, and if Coins of Magna Graecia John was also an active member of the there was any way they could finish up by John Francisco American Numismatic Assoc iation the booklet in the next two weeks, it (ANA), and even though I was already would be greatl y appreciated. John Long acti ve in the ANA, John was always wenilO the printer. explained the situa John Eshbach the following week. encouraging me to "ramp up" my vol tion, and the printer produced three unteer work fo r the ANA. copies. one of which was presented to continued 011 page 40....
'lhe {!.elatM is "a»ted fM a"d dedicated to the coih die-eh,.aoe.s of ahtiquit¥ Nhose a.t .e»tai"s as pONC7ful ahd appeali", todall as i1l thei. OMI ti»te.
2 The Gelator Consign Your Ancient Coins to Stack's Bowers and Ponterio's Official Auction of the ANA WORLD'S FAIR OF MONEY Au gust 1-11 , 2012' Phil adelphia, Pennsylvania' Consign by May 14, 2012
Stac k's Bowers and Ponteria's 20 11 auctions held in conj unction with majo r coin conventions have realized incredible prices fo r anc ient co ins. Below are just a few hig hlig hts from our Jan uary 2011 NY INC auction and our August 20 11 official auction of the ANA World's Fair of Money.
Caunus Stater. Choice Extremely Fine. Bold Portraits of Julius Caesar Realized $16,520 in our & Mark Antony. NGC Cho ice XF. Exceptiona l Kroton Labo rs of Herakles Stater. January 2011 NYINC auction. Realized $9,440 in our 2011 ANA Nearly Extremely Fine, World 's Fair of Money au ction. Reali zed $18,880 in our Janua ry 20" NYINC allcti on.
High Grade Nero Aureus. NGC AU. Re alized $22,420 in our 2011 ANA High Grade Bold Re liel Catana Tet radrachm. NGC XF. Worl d's Fair 01 Mon ey auction. Re alized $10,030 in our 2011 ANA World's Fair 01 Money aucti on. First Pun ic War Silver Oekadrachm. Very Fine. Realized $30,680 in our Janu ary 2011 NYINC auction.
Magn ificent High Relief Facing Silenos. High Grade Armenian Victory Gold NGC Choice XF. Aureus of lucius Verus. NGC Cho ic e AU . Realized $23,600 in our 2011 ANA Re alized $15,930 in our 2011 ANA World's Fair 01 Money auction. World's Fair of Money auction.
Exce pliona l Akanlhos Tetradrac hm. Choice Extremely Fine. Re alize d $14,160 in our Jan uary 2011 NYINC auction.
Very Rare Cretan Drachm Depicting the labyrinth lineage of The Severan Dynasty of the Minotaur. Nearly Extremely Fine. Gold Aureus. NGC AU. Realized $26,550 in our 2011 ANA Reali zed $29,500 in our 2011 ANA World's Fair of Mon ey aucti on. World's Fair 01 Mon ey auction.
High Grade Lampsacos Go ld State r. Extreme ly Fine. Call one of our con signment sp ecialists to day to con si gn to our Rea li ze d $35,400 in our Au gust 2012 aucti on in Ph iladelphia' Con sign by May 14, 2012 January 2011 NYIN C auction.
800.458.4646 We st Coast Offic e. 800,566,2580 East Coast Office 1063 McGaw Avenue Ste 100, Irvine, CA 92614.949.253.0916 info@stacks bowers.com·www.stacksbowe rs.com sepcCalifornia..,...,..,2., •. "New York. New England. Hong Kong
January 2012 3 Reader Shares His DOS Based on Nicolaou and Morkholm's Comments on the Renewal boo k and my first-hand experience ex am ining these coins in the United of the Cyprus MOU States, my book provides a clear cata logue for researchers and collectors to I am providing my letter that I sub assign these coins to the proper BC mitted to the Department of State in date. I could not have produced my response to Docket No. DOS-2011 - book with the proposed restrictions on 0135 placing limits on importation of their importation to the US. coins from Cyprus. The short comment 3). Whether application of U.S. im period was held during the holiday sea Reader Requests port restrictions, if app lied in concert son and closed January 3, 2012. J ap with similar restrictions by other art preciate Harlan Berk's email notice Information on the importing countries, would be of sub alerting numismatists: Earliest Electrum Coins stantial benefit in deterring pillage and First of all , I do not support restri c that less drastic remedies are not avail I am a collector of ancient Greek l ions on the importation of coins to the able .. coins and a Celator subscriber, and I United States. I am responding specif The Treasure Ac t and Portable An have a request. ically to your questions (3) and (4). I tiquities Scheme must be tried first in Could you please provide referenc will address (4) first: Cyprus. !t has worked immensely well es for the latest, most authoritative 4). Whether the application of im in Great Britain by preserving the in scholarship on the dates of the earli port restrictions is consistent with the tegrity of freshly d iscovered coin est electrum coins? I would also ap general interest of the international hoards for both study by researchers preciate information on how I could community in the interchange of cultur and subsequent sale to the co in mar obtain copies or translations (English al property among nations for scientific, ket. Refe r to the United Kingdom re strongly preferred) , cultural, and educational purposes. port on thei r webs ite: http:// I have already read Linzalone The Ptolemaic tetradrachms stuck www . cul t ure.gov.uk/news! (2011 ), Cahill and Kroll (200S), and in Alexandria, Egypt and in Paphos news_stories/8709.aspx. Cowell and Hyne in Ramage and Crad used the identical mintmark, the Greek Edward Cohen dock (2000) as well as the earlier Wal letters nJ-A. These coins are notorious New Jersey lace (1987) and Kagan (1982) (I can ly difficult to tell apart. If this MOU is provide full references if these are un approved, then all tetrad rachms of Al clear). I understand that Ulrike Muss: exandria, Egypt could be mistakenly Reader Shares Theories on Die Archaologie der ephesischen Arte denied entrance to the United States. the Origins of Coinage mis (Wi en : Phoibos, 2008) has possi This is not the intent of the Cyprus MOU. bly the latest published archeological Furthermore, I am the author of It is not often than anyone gets to evidence bearing on the question, but Dated Coins af Antiquity, published last correct or even amend the work of Dav I have not read this. year, 2011. The scope includes all dat id Hendin. His November 201 1 column, What is currently accepted as the ed coins struck in the BC era, includ "Questions on the History of Money" best estimate of the date of the earli ing the coins li sted for Paphas, Salam cited only the most common academic est electrum coinage: ca. 660 BC, ca. is, and Kition. The Ptolemaic kings on myths and numismatic folktales. Clear 620 BC, or some other date? Has the the co ins of Paphos, Salamis, and Ki ly, research ove r the last generation question of whether the earliest coin tion are notoriously difficult to assign a has not paid the fullest intellectual div age is from Lydia or Ionia been settled? precise date because of their similari idends. The idea that metal money Jacob U/vila ty. In 1976, Ino Nicolaou and Otto evolved from barter in commodities Vienna, VA Morkholm published Paphos, Volume was subscribed to by both Karl Marx 1, A Ptolemaic Coin Hoard, an excel an d Ludwig von Mises, among too Can any of our reade rs provide Mr. lent study of a hoard of Ptolemaic tet many other economists, none of whom Ulvila with any additional information? radrachms. T he study is based on Please send it to the ed itor. coins found in an amphora on Cyprus . Please tum to page 20. Spain was more Celtic than you think
In February Liz :~ List offers you a fascinating selection of big Iberian bronzes, plus the best choice of cheap ancient British coins, including gold coins. All under £250. All guaranteed genuine or double your money back. Ask Liz for a free illustmtcd catalogue. Ch ris Rudd, PO Box 222, Aylsham, Norfolk GB-NRll 6TY. TeI(44) 1263 735 007. Fax (44) 1263 731777. [email protected] Web www.celticcoins.com S{kJin and Porlugai had many anci8nt Celtic tribes and place·names. including one called Celli (see bronze Beeutiful Picesso·like Cantian potin on right). And the e8rliest known Celtic inscriptions and lovely Durotrigan silver stater, (c.6()() BC) coma from rar/essm; in southwest Iberia. Doth under £250 in February Liz's List.
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January 2012 5 THE CONTEST BETWEEN APOLLO AND MARSYAS the winner could do whatever he want down and sharpening his kn ife (Fig by Peter E. Lewis ed with the loser. Unfortunately, Mars ure I). At Athena's feet, a river god yas lost the cootest and Apollo had him reclines on an overturned vessel from skinned alive. The story is shown on which water pours. To the right of Ath Readers of the October 20 II issue the coins th at were minted at various ena, Dionysus holds a torch in his left of The Celator who read my article cities in ancient times. hand and Cybele sits on a rock. Mars entitled "An Ancient Coin Relevant to The Marsyas myth was popular in yas was a follower of Dionysus, and Renaissance Art" might have won the ancient Greek world, and the whole Cybele was the main goddess in Ph ry dered what was the result of the con story or segments of it were illustrat gia where the myth was located. A tiny test between Apollo and Marsyas. ed in frescos, statues and stone rel iefs, lion, the attribute ofCybe[e, looks out M arsyas was a silenus, a mythical as well as on coins. There is a wo n- from behind the rock. [n the center of
Figure J- MMble sarcophagus ill the Carlsberg Museum in Copenhagen. Jmage kindly slIpplied by the cllratVl:
woodland creature that had horse's derful relief on the side of a marble the p'lIlel. Marsyas stands playing his ears and a horse's tail. He challenged sarcophagus that is now in the Carls fiutes whi le on his left, Apollo sits Apollo, the god of music and cosmic berg Museum in Copenhagen. The sar holding his lyre. To the right of Apol harmony, to a musical contest because, cophagus was found near Sidon in lo, a goddess sits with her hand to her although he was not himself divine, he 1886 and is dated to 200 - 210 AD. It face. Her identity is not apparent. In had found the double flute (aulas) that shows the whole story from when the background stand seven muses, the the goddess Athena had thrown away. Marsyas spies Athena playing the au one farthest to the ri ght wears a theat It was a serious matter because it was las (at the left end of the panel) to rical mask on top of her head, On the a challenge to the divine realm of the when he is tied 10 a tree about to be side of the sarcophagus lid there is a gods. The Muses were the judges. and skinned alive hy a man who is leaning bust in the center. It is presumably that of the deceased. On his left, Artemis reclines with a hound, and on his right, Apollo reclines with a griffin keeping guard. The griffi n was a monster that Ancient Coins symbolized the destroying power of the gods. Also on the lid are two more • Mail Bid Sales VIlli ollr Internet 1/((' (If www.rosenblllmcoins.com Muses, making a total of nine. On the (! • Monthly Web Lists corners of the Iid there are large masks, ,~ • Numismatic Literature which suggest that there were theatri •• cal performances of the Marsyas myth Specializi1lg ill ]udaea1l coins although no such work is extant. The sarcophagus is a masterpiece of the art (serious want-lists solicited) of sculpture. On a large coin (JE 35) that was minted at Tarsus in 236 AD during the
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January 2012 7 reign of Maximinus I (235-238 AD), on the sarcophagus, and the tiny fig exactly from a marble statue, known Apollo is seated on the left, holding urc of the knife-grinder is also similar as 'The Knife Grinder,' which was his lyre, and in the center a woman sits 10 that on the sarcophagus, although originally at Pergamum (see Figure 4 with her hand to her face as on the sar he is facing in the opposite direction. on page 10). Similarly, the hanging cophagus. On the right, the knife A clearer image of the knife-grind Marsyas on these coins, as well as on grinder is getting ready to nay Mars er occurs on a bronze coin of Antoni the sarcophagus, was copied from a yas who is tied to a tree (Figure 2). nus Pius ( 138- 161 AD) minted at Al Pergamene original, many copies of The figure of Marsyas is similar to that exandria (Figure 3).11 is copied almost which still exist, although usually the
Figure 2- The revcn'c of an /£35 afTarsusfrom the rcign Figure 3- The reverse of a bronze drachll1 ofAntoninlls Pills mint of Maximinus I (235-238 AD). Photo courtesy of eNG ed at Alexandria. Photocopy of Figure 39 in The Myth of Marsyas 69, lot 1163. in the Roman Visual Arts by Piers B. Rawson (BAR 347, 1987).
limbs are missing (see Figure 5 on page 10). Some scholars consider that the image of the crucified Christ de rives from this image of Marsyas. On the left of the coin, Apollo sits hold ing his lyre, and his pose is remark ably similar 10 that of a seated Apollo in a marble reliefby Praxiteles. ca. 366 BC (sec Figure 6 on page 12). So al least for the myth of Marsyas the die engravers copied Iheir Iypes from fa mous Greek originals. This makes sense as otherwise no one would rec - SPECIALIZE IN ANCIENT COINS ognize the figures on the coins. The - PURCHASE AND CONSIGN COLLECTIONS die engravers probably worked from -OFFER APPRAISALS AND EXPERT ADVICE a standard set of images. On a bronze coin of Germen in - REPRESENT CLI ENTS AT MAJOR INTERNATIONAL SALES n Mysia minted in the 2 <1 or 3,d centurYi AD (see Figure 7 on page 12), there is a similar image of the hanging Mars yas. bUI th is time Apollo is standing and holding his lyre on his left arm. This, too, is a standard image of Apol lo in Greek art, and it sometimes ap pears on Roman coins, e.g. on a ses tertius of Antoninus Pius where his outstretched righL arm seems to have been stuck on by the engraver (see Fig ure 8 on page 12), On the Germe coin the trce from which Marsyas is sus-
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January 2012 9 pended is very prominent, perhaps re sarcophagus) and her lover, Attis. He Various interpretations of the Mars ferring to the idea that Marsyas was a castrated himself under a pine tree, yas myth have been proposed over the type of tree spirit. Another possibility where he bled to death. At Cybele's years. Briefly they are as follows: is that the tree links Marsyas to the annual festival a pine tree was cut l. PR IDE. A severe punishment myth of CybeJe (who features on the down and taken to her temple where awaits those who challenge the gods. it was honored as a god. 2. ORDER vs. CHAOS. Apollo was The flaying of Marsyas the god of cosmic harmony, and Ihe was a tragic event and all the divine sound of his lyre was in accord woodland spirits were over with cosmic order, whereas the sono come with grief. Their tears rous sound of the flute aroused unru ly mingled with the blood of passions related to revelry (Dionysus) Marsyas to become the Mars and fertility (Cybcle). Players of wind yas River. It flowed into the instruments beware! Meander River, which mean 3. It reflects the GREEK DOMI dered toward the sea. So NATION of the native people of Phry- Marsyas was transformed into a river spirit, and in this form he is shown on a bronze coin of Hadrian (1 17-138 AD) minted at Apameia in Phrygia, where the myth was located (see Figure 9 on page 14) . Marsyas reclines in a rocky cave with his flutes in his left hand . They rest on a vessel from which water flows. The squares above him are the box es in which goods were trans ported at Apameia, which was Figure 4- Alltique marble copy ofa statue kllown an important trading center as 'The Kmfe Grinder.' The original was proba where goods from the East were bly at Pergamum. transferred to the Greek world.
The Miinzen und Medaillen Companies 1942-2011 For 69 years our legacy has been to serve the collector of Ancient, Medieval & Modern Coins... and we would like to serve you too !
• Public Sales· Appraisals · Buying and Selling· • Large Stock in All Price Ranges· M&M Numismatics, Ltd. - Lucien Birkler P.o. Box 65908, Washington, D.C. 20035 USA Telephone: (202) 833 -3770 · Fax: (202) 429-5275 Mtinzen ond Medaillen GmbH - Joachim Stollhoft' Postfach 2245 0-79557 Weil. Germany Figure 5-'The Hangillg Marsyas'- a Telephone: (0 11)49 76 2148560 ' Fax: (0 11)4976 2148529 Roman copy of a Hellenistic original. This copy was mude ill the J" or 2"d ACAMA - Antike Mtinzkunst -Dr. Hans Voegtli century AD, alld is nolV in the Louvre. Mallgasse 25 Postfach CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland !tlVasfoulld ill Rome. The original was Telephone: (0 11) 4! 61 272 75 44 · Fax: (0 1 J) 4161 272 75 14 probably at Pergamum.
10 The Gelator FORESTIER , '; . " , & LAMBERT ~ -.1J£ll~.<1 I I ~AWi~ 1 r~,~j I M"~"C_."I ~~ ~~:==~ IM@N"EIAI~~ """"" '.R ,"",."0'" ~ " .,.
January 2012 11 gia. or the RI VA LRY between Athens the consort of Cybele. He was hung and Boeotia, where the au los was pop on a pine tree but was resurrected ular. The sophisticated Athenians con each spring (S ir James Frazer, The sidered the Boeotians to be country Golden Bough). bumpkins. 5. The myth refers to the SAC 4. Marsyas was a double of ATTIS, RI FICE of an ass or goat to Apollo. The word 'tragedy' comes from a Greek word meaning 'goat-song.' 6. The my th derives from the FLAYING of sacrificed animals at festivals of Apollo. 7. The flaying represents the peel ing of a REED to make a flute. S. Marsyas was a TR EE SPI RIT and the myth refers to peeling the bark off a tree for various purposes (c.f. the Australi an aborigines who used bark in this way). Figure 7- The reverse of a bronze coin of Marsyas of th e Contest should Germe ill Mysiafrom the 2',,1 or 3,4 ccntllryAD. not be confused with Marsyas of the Forum, although there are similari ties and assimilations. T he myth of 14). On the obverse, there is the lau Marsyas of the Contest originated in reate head of Apollo, and on the re Phrygia, whereas the my thology asso verse, Marsyas has a horse's tail and ciated with Marsyas of the Forum in the background a statue of Athena seems to have originated in Italy, es (because she wears a helmet) stands pecially in the Etruscan areas. Mars on a column, but Marsyas is wearing yas oflhe Forum was so-called because a pileus, the cap worn by freed slaves. there was a statue of hi m in the Ro Ma rsyas of the Forum became a sym Figure 6- Part of a marble relief by man Forum. and this statue appears on bol of freedom, and he is always Praxiteles or {he school oj Praxiteles the reverse of a denarius minted at made in about 366 BC Rome in 82 Be (see Figure lOon page
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Figure 8- The reverse of a seslertius of AII/oninus Pius showing Apollo slullding, holding his lyre. Sear 4149.
shown on coins with a full ski n of wine over his shoulder and he usually looks obese. Whenever a city in the Roman N UMISMA TICA ARS CLASSICA NAC AG Empire became a Roman colony, a similar statue was set up there, and the Niederdorfs tr. 43 3rd Floor, Genavco House statue appears on the coins issued by PO Box 17, Waterloo Place many of these cities. For example, it CH - 8022 ZOric h GB - London SW I Y 4AR appears on the reverse of a bronze coin that was minted at the Roman colony Tel +4144261 1703 Tel +4420 78397270 of Deultum in ca. 200 AD (see Figure li on page 14). The pedestal of the Fax +41 44261 5324 Fax +4420 79252174 statue is shown on the coin. zuri [email protected] info@arsclassicacoin s. com The significance of Marsyas of the Forum was rather different from that www.arsclassicacoins. com
12 The Gelator A Solid
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January 2012 13 of Marsyas of the Contest. Marsyas of Aboul the aUlhor-Peter Lewis is the Forum celebrated the idea of free a retired physician. His mainnumis dom. He was a comcdic character who matic interest is coins relating to the embodied the abi lity to make fun of history of Christianity, but like all everyone and anyone. It could even be numismatists, he gets sidetracked said that he was a distant forerunner of from time to timc. T his time he was secularism. Essentially, he was a type led astray by that cheeky character. of Homer Simpson, and ordinary Ro Marsyas. Peter lives in Queensland mans could identify with him. He was in the City of the Gold Coast, which fal, ugly, rude, and he drank too much. will host the British Commonwealth Figure 10-A silver denarius of the Roman Games in 2017. Republic issued by L. Marcus Gensori All photos are courlesy of Ihe au nus in 82 BG. Sear 281. Photo courtesy Ihor unless olherwise floled. of eNG, Inc. Nercessian Releases Coin Catalogue PICO RIVERA, CA-Numerous dy nasties have issued coins in ancient Armenia. The oldest is the Orontid dynasty of Armenia (Yervantian in Ar menian). known as the Armenian kingdom of Sophene (Tsopk in Arme nian). The coins issued by the kings of Figure 9- The reverse of an 1£20 of Figure 11-The reverse of an 1£25 of Sophene are extremely rare. Today, Hadrian from Apameia in Phrygia. BMC Julia Domna minted at Deu/tum. the extant of total Sophene coins is 158. 130 pieces. Mostl y, they are pre served in museums and in some pri vate collections. Y.T. Nercessian's latest catalogue, Fixed Price List 35. is graced with three coins attributed to King Ar sames II, ca. 230 Be (Arsham 11 in Armenian) of Sophene. Additionally, the catalogue lists a few types of coins of Artaxias 1(190- tbttbal 160 BC), the founder of the Artaxiad dynasty of Armenia. The most attractive and expensive coin is a silver tetradrachm of ~tlbtr Tigranes li the Great (95·56 BC). The grade of preservation of th is coin is Extremely Fi ne. Collectors who would li ke to have $9 a complimentary copy of this cata logue can address their request to 8511 Beverly Park Place. Pico Riv Curi ous about medieval as a natural complement to your ancient era, CA 90660-1920, USA or e-mail collection, but don't want to invest much until you know you li ke at ArmNumSoc@aol .com. it? Then start small and painless. For every $9 you send, I'll send you a different medieval coin ... $18 for 2 different, $36 for 4 different, $90 for 10 different, etc. With 12 different, get a free copy of Walker' s Reading Medieval European Coins. Please add Referrals $3 postage per order. Work! Tell your agberman@aol. com llen G. Berman (845) 434-6090 friends about .".. " _,, •• "". _L~' .....~ _..• u. s. orders add $3 postage P.o. Box 605-E ffilerseas ordeffi sent at ~e r" $ ~ODDO ~.... Fairfield, CT 06824 USA risk and are atways welcome .u- The Celator 14 The Gelator Formerly available only to VCoins dealers, VAuctions now offers everyone the opportunity to reach the most active collectors in the world. Beginning September 2008, VAuctions, in partnership with Barry Murphy of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, will offer electronic auction services to all consignors . • Quality coins II lots professionally catalogued and photographed I ~~~:cess to more than 15,000 registered VCoins customers consignment fees quick payout I ~~~~~~:~ ;a::uct i ons ending every other Thursday l id,jin,,-oper1S at 60% of estimate January 2012 15 A Supernova on Ancient Coins Part 4 of 4 by Robert S. McIvor A Fresh Look at C hi Rho The Chi Rho symbol may provide information about the star that herald ed the dawning of the Christian era. We must begin our story wilh Con stantine. Constantine first rose to prom i nence in 306 when he was proclaimed emperor, upon his father's death, by the Roman army at York in Britain. He had several rivals for the throne. On October 28,3 12, he won a decisive battle over one rival at the Mi lvian Bridge outside Rome. He claimed he had a dream the night before, and was commanded to put the Chi-Rho sign on the shields of his militia. He later Figure 1- Two gravestone inscriptions are illustrated. The first is a cata attributed his victory to "the God of comb inscription to a lady named Romana and it displays the Chi-Rho the Christians." In 313, at Milan, he symbol. It is dated to the third century, according to Chadwick, and it proclaimed religious freedom, there reads "Romana in Peace." The second was for a boy named Asel/us. It by legalizing Christianity. In 324, he shows the Chi-Rho symbol between Peter and Paul. It is now in the Vat became sole emperor when he defeat ican Museum. ed his last rival, and he ruled until his death in 337. the persecutors before 318, and he de Eusebius, the church historian, Two Versions scribed the morning of October 28, wrote his Life of Constantine in 337. 3 12, when Constantine explained the He admitted that Constantine told him Chi-Rho has been called the sign dream he had the night before: "Con about his dream "long afterwards." that changed history. There are two stantine was directed in a dream to "About noon, Constantine saw a cross stories that attempt to explain how cause the heavenly sign to be delin of light in the heavens , above the sun, Constantine came to usc this sign: one eated on the sh ields of his soldiers and and an inscripti on, CONQUER BY explanation was written sometime be so to proceed to battle. They did as he THIS attached to it. At this sight he fore 318, the other in 337. They are had commanded and they marked on himself was struck with amazement, difficult to reconcile. their shields the letter X with a per and his whole army also, which fo l Lactantius was a Christian from pendicular line drawn through it and lowed after him on an expedi tion, and North Africa who tutored Constan turned up in a loop at the top ... " (Kou witnessed the miracle. Then in his tine's son. He wrote On the deaths of soulas, 1997). sleep Christ appeared to him with the sign he had seen in the heavens, and commanded him to make a likeness of th at sign and 10 use it as a safeguard in all engagements with his enemi es." Two events are confused in Eusebius, a cross of light above the sun at noon, and the sign of Christ in a dream at night, and both are vague for date and place. He claimed the entire Roman army wit cala/ague on request nessed it and hi s modern biographer, Ramsey MacMullen, has remarked that KIRK DAVIS "if the sky-writing was witnessed by Classical Numismatics forty thousand men , the true miracle lies in their unbroken silence." The version Post Office Box 324, C laremont, CA 9 171 1 of Lactanti us is earlier, shorter, and more Tel: (909) 625-5426 [email protected] credible. 16 The Celator January 2012 17 Chi·Rho in Early Inscriptions A bronze of 350 of Constantius Coin Type 5 on page 22). A gold soli (337-361), Constantine's son, shows dus of Theodosius II (402-450) pro Chi-Rho consists of two Greek let him on the reverse holding two Chi duced at Constantinople depicts his ters, Chi (X) and Rho (P) the first two Rho standards with a star above his sister, Pulcheria, on the obverse with letters of XPILTOI, the Greek word head (see Coin Type 3 on page 20). a Chi-Rho on her shoulder while Vic for Christ. It is found in the Roman The usurper Magnentius produced a tory holds a Chi-Rho shield with a star catacombs on gravestone nearby on the reverse (see inscriptions of the third Coin Type 6 on page 24). century (sec Figure I on A gold solidus of page 16), and was a Chris Ravenna has the bust of tian symbol long before Honorius (393-423) on the Constantine. Bishop Os obverse with a shield dis sius likely explained the play ing Chi-Rho (see Coin symbol to Constantine, Type 7 on page 24). A gold and he dreamed that God solidus of Anastasius I told him to use it for vic (49 1-5 18) shows Victory tory in battle. He often holdin g a reversed Chi acted on dreams and Rho symbol, with a star would later choose a new nearby (see Coin Type 8 capital because of a on page 26). dream. Coin Type I-Silver miliarense of Constantine I. Ticinum or Rome Chi-Rho also appears mint? 315 AD. Chi-Rho symbol on Constantine's helmet. Photo from on coins of the emperor Chi-Rho on Coins Roman Coins, Kent & Hirmer, Plate 163, No. 648. Justinian I (see Coin Type 9 on page 26), wh.Q ruled Chi-Rho is prominent on Constan coin in 353 at Amiens that has a re between 527 and 565. He also had it tin e's helmet on the medallion he verse showing Chi-Rho with alpha emblazoned on the shields carried by struck in 315 at Ticinum (or perhaps and omega added (see Coin Type 4 hi s soldiers, 200 years after Constan Rome?) (Coin Type I). It is also on the on page 22). tine. Chi-Rho on these coins is the coin he struck at Constantinople in 327 A bronze of Antioch has Flacci!1a, same as the Chi-Rho symbol on cata where it appears above th ree medallions the wife ofTheodosius 1 (379-395), on comb paintings and early Christian on the labarum military standard impal the obverse, with Victory inscribing gravestones. ing a snake (Coin Type 2). Chi-Rho on a shield on the reverse (see Chi-Rho as a Star Group Chi-Rho is described as a "heaven ly sign" or a "sign in the sky," and an asterism fits the description perfectly, that is, a group of stars that resembles D R. BUSS 0 P E USN A C H F. the letters X and P. In his encyclope dia of 75 AD, Pliny {he Elder referred NUMISMATISTS AND to "signs, that is, shapes of things or of animals, into which the learned have AUCTIONEERS SINCE 1870 Founded as one of the first numismatic audion houses in Gcmlany our firm has been a centre of the numismatic trade and for ntlmismatic studies ever since. We offer experience and reliability applied to a complete set of services from eMimates and expen advice to the ,l(quisi(ior) and sale of imporwnt single items as well as of entire colleaions and the staging of several mayor auctions a year. For funher information order our catalogues Of visit our weh site www.peus-muenzcn.de Coin Type 2-Bronze of Constantine (306-337). Constantinople mint. 327 AD. Reverse: Chi-Rho on Labarum military standard. RIC 19. Photo cour tesy of Numismatica Ars Classica, Auction 46, 2 April 2008, lot 711. mapped out the sky." He listed four examples: "in one place the figure of DR . BUSSO PE US NACHF. I BORNWIESENWEG 34 a bear, in another of a bull, in another 0 -60322 FRANKFURT AM MA IN I TEL. +49(69)-9 59 66 20 a wagon, in another a letter of the al- FAX +49(69) 555995 I WWW.PEUS-M UENZEN. OE 18 The Celator excluslve Celator promo code "eM7" and save $7/collton any siZ. Anol8ilt aabmlsslOft ANACS TH E COLLECTOR'S CHOICE '" ~------~ ANACS - America 's Oldest Coin Grading Service. Established 1972 . .I ' , L.'t' Call1'ot a I'ree $IJD#II$$Ion ~l,... = ANACS • www.anacs.com p.o. Box 6000· Englewood, CO 80155 800=888-1.861. [email protected] __c-... ..__ .. __ \OIIrIOqII&oor ___~_ January 2012 19 phabet." That letter was the Greek let ter of the alphabet. Cassiope ter delta, ll, shaped like the constella ia, fo r example, looks like a tion of Triangulum, a triangle of three "W" or a "M," and Professor stars. In similar fashion, Chi-Rho was Menzel explains that "the heav- a group of stars shaped like X and P. enly G" is a letter of the English The best-known example of an as alphabet that is outlined by a terism is the Big Dipper where seven group of nine bright stars in the stars in Ursa Major outline the shape winter sky (see Figure 2) . of a dipper or ladle or the shape of a It is significant that a 101 of wagon. The Belt of Orion is also an coins with Chi-Rho have either \ asterism that consists of three Slars in a star on the obverse or a star .. TAURUS a row in the middle of Orion the Hunt near Chi-Rho on the reverse. er. The Summer Triangle asterism Chi-Rho was not merely two joins ex Cygnus and ex Lyra and ex Aq Greek letters. It was a group of uila. Some star groups resemble a let- stars in the sky shaped like Chi and Rho. Star groups were used as a talisman for protection in "CANIS MArOR various cultures in the past and especially in times of Figure 2- The uheavenly G" asterism joins 9 bright war. In ancient C hina, stars to form a "G-shaped" star group. Needham describes how "gates at mi litary eamp had banners The Romans long believed that the with stars and constellations." In stars had helped them in times of cri Korea, Rufus mentions that "swords sis. They thought Castor and Pollux Coin Type 3- 8ronze of Constantius (337- and armor we re emblazoned with had assisted them in the long grueling 361). Struck in 350 at Siscia by Vetranio. constellations and astronomical in war against Hann ibal. Caesar imagined Obverse: Constantius, star in front. Re scri ptions." In North America, Wi l that Venus fought on his side during his verse: Constantius hold two Chi-Rho stan liamson reminds us that the Kiowa mil itary campaigns, and Augustus was dards, star above his head. RIC 284 or 289. Ind ian trihe used war shields that convinced that Apollo assisted him at the Photo courtesy of Gemini LLC, Auction III, were painted with the sun and the battle of Philippi. The Romans had erect 9 January 2007, lot 472. moon and the Pleiades star cluster. ed temples in the heart of their city that were dedicated to the worship of Castor and Po!lux, and Venus, and Apollo. In 1948, astronomer Fritz Heilland studied the sky for the night before the ANTIQUA INC. battle of Milvian Bridge. He calculat ed that Mars, Saturn, Jupiter, and Ve • Speciali zi ng in ancient art and numis nus were in Capricorn and Sagittarius. He suspected Ihal Constant ine might mati cs with an emphasis on quality, have been concerned that this loose rarity, and desirability conjunction of planets could under mine the morale of his men on the eve • Over 25 years of professional expertise of battle. Heilland suggested that Con stantine composed a Chi-Rho pattern • Regul ar and acti ve presence in the with X in Capricorn and P in Aquila, international marketplace and claimed that God promised victo ry in a dream if he used the sign on his • Fully illustrated catalogues featuring shields (see Figure 3 on page 22). carefull y selected material Chi-R ho did not begin with Con stantine but Heilland did focus on the • Representation fo r seri ous coll ectors correct sky area. He came close to at all maj or international auction sales matching Chi-Rho as a star pattern but his line join ing the planets is not • Appraisals, market ad vice, liquidation straight and his upright li ne is not per advice and professional courtesy to all pendicu lar. Chi-Rho consisted of three straight lines as depicted on Roman interested parti es coins and described by Eusebius: "two letters indicating the name of Christ by • Visit our web site: Antiquainc.com means of its initial characters, the letter A fully illustrated catalogue sent upon request P being intersected by X in its center." A successful Chi-Rho star pattern 20969 VENTURA BLVD., SUITE #11 TEL 818-887-0011 must match Chi-Rho on the coins and WOODlAND HIUS, CA 91364 FAX: 818-887-0069 must be immediately recognizable. Chi- E-Mail: [email protected] 20 The Gelator January 2012 2 1 Rho is a triple X pattern of three straight Chi-Rho as a Star Map lines that intersect at a common cenler. •Alta Ir The lines are straight, not bent or crook Chi-Rho wai; a Chris Aquila ed or curved. and the perpendicular line tian symbol long before of P is straight up, north-soulh, and cuts Constantine used it in 312 through the center of the X. at the battle at Mil vian We recall that Chinese and Korean Bridge. Constantine did Capricom sky observers recorded that the nova in not compose Chi-Rho. He 4 BC was at po:y Aquila. These three adopted it as a milit ary stars give us our firs t straight line. Stars ensign. in Sagitta the Arrow provide a second Chi-Rho is intimate straight line. Together they form X. A ly connectcd with the star • Jupiter ~, th ird li ne joining 8 Aquila and 13 Cyg· at Chri st's birth. In the nus will provide a perpendicular line that catacomb of Lorenzo, one Venus. • passes through the center of the X (see of the Magi points to the slar, and il is depicted as Figure 4 on page 24). Sagittarius a C hi -Rho (sec the pho ssw • sw tograph on the cover of the Decem Figure 3-Heilland's proposed Chi-Rho star pattern. One ber 2011 is line joins Mars, Saturn, Jupiter and Venus; the second s ue o f The line joins fJ and VI Capricom; and the P extends upwards into Aquila. Per Fainlich (2007), Figure 301. Celator). In the catacomb o f Peter & Marcellinus, "numerous eight-rayed stars, and at the "the Magi greet the star top the largest star is set apart and en which is in the shape of a closed in a circle ... the chi·rho chris Coin Type 4-Bronze of the usurper Magnentius (350- primitive Chi-Rho mono togram placed immediately beneath it'· 353). Struck in 353 at Amiens. Reverse: Chi-Rho gntm" (Stevenson, 1978). (Young, et al. 2006). I submit 11101 Chi flanked by Greek letters, alpha and omega. RIC VIIf In the catacomb of Callis Rho was ill veil ,ed by early Christians 34. Photo courtesy of CNG, Inc. , Triton IX, 10 Janu IU S. one pain ti ng depicls to preserve where Ihe sfllr appeared. ary 2006, lot 1596. The slar (I{Jpeared where the three lilies of Chi·Rho intersect. Edward J. Waddell, Ltd. Fo' • Ariclerl) Coll'\S I • Num'lsmatic books 'I • Aba!il coirr-cases If .••• • Show sCh_e,jule~.... fii ~''I!. Coin Type 5-Bronze of Antioch mint duro • °Xlltallll)rary Q Ifi.: , Z.., ing reign of Theodosius I (379-395). Ob • Links ""14, - ~"'1 verse: FlacciJIa, emperor's wife. Reverse: I Victory inscribing Chi· Rho on a shield. RIC IX 61 .2 Photo courtesy of CNG, Inc., Auc tion 60, 22 May 2002, lot 1941 . Christian use of Chi-Rho can be traced to the first century. In Pompeii, "an amphora marked with a Chi-Rho was found in 195 2" (Lampe & Johnson. 2003). This Chi-Rho must predate the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD: it cmmot be later. In Jerusalem, an ancient Christian cemetery has been identified on the Mount of Olives near the Franciscan chapel known as Dom; nU.f Flel'i[, which marks the traditi on P.O. Box 3759, Frederick, MD 21705 al place where Jesus wept over the city. Phone: (301 473-8600 · Fax: I 473-87 16 ' E·mai l: ed@coi n.colll 22 The Celator C. HIRSCH OF MUNICH ANNOUNCES /.~,. IMPORTANT PUBLIC AUCTIONS OF ,~/ ANCIENT, WORLD COINS & MEDALS; . ANTIQUITIES & PRECOLUMBIAN ART 2012: ROm fln Republ ic. Ca. 2111210 Be. AV 60 A sses. 4294: Mysia. Kyzikos. Ca. 5 ' ~ · 4'" 4325 : Cilicia. Nagidos. Century Be. EL Stater. Ca. 400-380 Be. AR Stater. 2714: Rome. Claudius II Gothicus. 268-270 AD. IE Medal. 2329: Rome. Galba. 23 55: Rome. Titus, as Caesar. 255 1: Rome. Scptimius Severus 68-69 AD. AV Aureus. 73 AD. AV Aureus. with Juli a Damna, Caracalla & Geta. 202 AD. AV Aureu$. AUCTION Nos. 277-280 February 6th-11th, 2012 Live Bidding via the Internet now available! Catalogued and .mld by Ir------~ Miin7.enhandlung I I Gerhard Hi rsch Nachf. I Gerhard Hirsch Nachfolger PromenadCIJlatz 10, J)-S0333l\fiinchcn, Germany Promcnadcplatz 10 I EncloseJ please find S30.00 for your I 0 -80333 Milnchcn, Gcnnany I Auction Sale Catalogue alld Prices Realized (aftcr sale). I TeL +49 (089) 292150 I Name I Fax: +49 (089) 2283675 I SHeet I E-mail: coinh [email protected] Inlcmct: www.coinhirsch.de I ~ - - I ~------~ January 2012 23 Thirty-six ossuaries were found here, A Note on Chronology and they belong to the first century "since the use of such bu rial chests is The Slar appeared belween 4 BC believed to have ceased in the second and 2 Be and the quest ion is wheth '1 y 6 (I SAGITTA century" (Finegan, 1959). Chi-Rho is er Ihe Magi visi ted Bethlehem in in scribed on the ossuary beari ng the this ti me period. I cannot do justice name, "Judah the proselyte of Tyre." \0 chronology in a few paragraphs Their names are unknown 10 us but and can give only 3 short answer to the early Christians who composed the the narrow qu estion I just posed. Chi-Rho monogram managed to de Matthew (2: I) tells us that Jesus vise 3 h3rmless symbol th3t 3t1r3cted was born "in the days of Herod the little 3ttention and no suspicion yet was king," which mu st mean Ihat Jesus capable of pinpointing a specific sky 10- was born before Herod died. Jose 6 AQun.A cmion. Chi-Rho preserves the sky posi phus, Ihe first century Jewish his lion of Ihe star in Matthew's slory. torian, recorded that Herod became gravely ilion the night of a lu Figure 4- Chi- Rho as a star group. Line one: nar eclipse and died befo re Pass pay X Aquila. Line two: T"f yo a Sagitta. Line over. Many scholars identify the three: 0 Aquila to p Cygnus. partial lunar ec li pse on March 12113 in 4 BC as the best candidate phasizes th at the early Church Fathers and often place th e death of Herod and the earliest Christian scho lars between March 13 3ndAprill l (the place Christ's birth in laIC 3 BC or date of Passover) in 4 Be. A date early 2 BC. Epi phanius (315-403) for the visit by Ihe Magi in Febru places the binh in January 2 BC, just ary or March in 4 BC wo uld fi t th is one month be fore Augustus received chronology. the PATER ti tle. A visit by the Magi Coin Type 6-Gold solidus of Theodosius /I Some sc holars prefer the fOwl in January or February in 2 BC would (4 02-450). Constantinople mint. Struck 414. lunar eclipse on Janu ary 9/10 in I fit thi s chronology. [n fact, any date Obverse: Pulcheria with Chi-Rho on her shoul BC , and put Herod's death later th at between earl y 4 BC and early 2 BC der. Reverse: Victory holding Chi-Rho shield, month, and place Chr ist's birth a wou ld fall during the nova's period of star nearby. RIC X 205. Photo courtesy of CNG, year earlier in January 2 Be. Fine vi sibili ty. lne., Triton VI, 13 January 2003, lot 1150 . gall ( 1998) makes thi s case and em- Coin Type 7- Go/d solidus of Honorius (393-423). Ravenna mint. Struck 421. Hon • orius on obverse with a shield decorated with Chi· Rho. Roma and Constantinopo lis sealed on eagle thrones on the reverse. Photo courtesy of eNG, Inc. , Triton Xllt, 5 January 2010, lot 415. The Object in 4 BC Astronomers arc divided on the ex act nature of the object recorded in We are currently accepting material China and Ko rea in 4 BC . I ha ve as for our future auction program. sembl ed the opinions of 44 astrono mers-includi ng 15 professors of as If you 're thinking of selling contact us today. tronomy- or Asia, Europe. and North America, publ ished between 1965 and DIX NOONAN WEBB 20 10. This survey is incomplete and should be treated with caution . Evidence 16 Bolton Street Mayfair London WIJ SBQ England mu st never be "counted" (by totaling how rn 3ny astronomers take each posi Telephone 44 20 7016 1700 Fax 44 20 7016 1799 lion). Evidence should be weighed. Email [email protected]_uk 24 The Celator I~KDNKER Coin alld GoldTrading AuC!io ll H<)\lsr for Coins ,l11d M rdals CATALOGUE 20I: Numismatic Rarities (800 lots) CATALOGUE 202: T he Salzburg Collection of Friedrich Po pken (200 loe,) CATALOGUE 203: High Quality Russian Rarities (200 lots) Interested in receiving O Uf Catalogues? Simply contact us! C,ll, +49 541 96 20 20 Fax: + 49 54I 96 20 222 E-Mail: [email protected] Web: www.kuenkcr. com Meet us at thc ORLD _ , .... MONEY L AIR February 3-5, 2012 www.worldmoneyf..ir. eh BootheS Profit from our Experience - Consign your Coins and Medals! More than 10,000 clients world wide place thei r trust in LIS. Our company's first Fri[Z Rudolf Klinker GmbH & Co. KG Gurenbergstrasst 23 . 49076 Osnabriick Germany' www.kuc nkcr.com Osnabruck · Berlin ' Munich · Hamburg Zurich' Znojmo . Moscow 1965- Xi & 80 analyze hundreds of 1971 - Kukark in leads a group of 10 19SO-Hasegawa is uncertain if the astronomical records of China, Ko rea, astronomers of the (former) Soviet object was a cornel or a nova. and Japan, between 1400 BC and AD Union in Hna lyzing record s from the 198 1- Mosley claims "there is no way 1700. They compile a catalog of 90 Far East, Near East, Hnd Europe, to to know whether it was a CQmet or a nova." novas that includes 12 possible super separate novas from comets. They list I 984-Hofnei t refers 10 it as "Nova novas. They list the object of 4 BC as the object of 4 BC as a nova, and show 4 BC." a nova. that it was observed in China. Korea, 1987-OlCn considers the objecl of 4 BC 1968- Chu analyzes only the Kore and Palestine. a nova and quile possibly a ~upcmov a. an records from 49 BC to AD 1700, I 972- Pskovskii analyses more than 1991 - Yeo mans calls it "a bu shy and compiles a list of 28 novas that 700 astronomical records fro m 2296 star comet." BC to AD 1700 and compiles a list of 125 novas that includes 9 su per novas. He lists the object of 4 BC as a nova, and notes that it was seen in China, Korea, and Palestine. 1976- Hu ghes refers to the ob ject of 4 BC as "possibly a nova." 1977-Clark, Parkinson, and Stephenson call it a nova and think it was somehow related to the ob Coin Type 9-Silver half-siliqua of Justini Coin Type 8- Gold solidus of Anastasius I ject in 5 BC (in Capricorn) , whi ch they also describe as a nova. an I (52 7-565). Ravenna mini. Justinian on (49 1-518). Constantinople mint. Reverse: Vic obverse. Chi-Rho on reverse. DOC I, p. tory holding staff with reversed Ch-Rho, star 1978-Farquharson call s it "a comet-nova." 182, no. 338. Enlarged photo courtesy of nearby. DOG (1) 6. PholocourtesyofCNG, Inc., Gemini LLC, Auction VII, 9 January 20" , Auction 64, 24 September 2003, lot 1251. I 978- Morehousc describes it as "a rather bright nova" and a super lot 901. nova, and he proposes that pulsar includes 4 supernovas. He li sts Ihe 1913+16 is its remnant. 199 I- Humphreys descri bes il as a object of 4 BC as a nova. 1980- Arthur C. Clarke classifies it "tail-less comet." 1969- Kian g views the object of 4 as one of the bright supernovas that 1999- Kidger suggests it was "al Be as a possible supernova, and sug "outshines all other stars for a few most certainly a nova." gests tentatively that pul sar 1929+10 weeks," and suggests that pulsar 1999- Kronk calls it "a sparkling could be its remnant. 1913+16 is its remnant. star." and includes il in his catalog of comets. 20Q0-Xu, Pankenier and Ji ang an al yze Chinese, Korean, and Japanese records between 1400 BC and AD 1700, and compile a catalog of 11 0 novas that includes 8 supernovas. They lisllhe object of 4 BC as a nova. 2002- Wang and Li refer to il as a supernova. 2002- Kelley and Milone describe it as "a possible nova. " 2003- Bethe calls il a supernova. ''The Chinese observed aboul ten su CeItics pernovae , incl uding one around AD Fr-ench Royals 1000 (and) another in 4 BC . Merovingians 2005- Jakiel & Arm strong include the Di vlIs Augllstlls coins and describe -.. Feudals the object as "a particularly bright Medievals nova" seen "by both the Romans and French l\1oderns the Chinese." 2007- Frommert and Kronberg 46, ru e V ivienne view it as a nova and possibly a su 75002 PARIS pernova . 33(0)1 42.33" 2 5.99 2009- Mauhe ws re fers 10 it as "the E-ma Aquila nova or supernova in 4 BC ." 20 10- Nickiforov [i~ t s it as a nova. A Supernova Burnham defines "a nova as a Slar that literally explodes, blasting its out- continlleli 011 page 30... 26 The Celalor We.ll see you lit the... www.freemanandsear.com lOMGlEACH Unsurpassed expertise and e.xpe rience in the field of classical coins. We offer.. COIMEXPO ~ Alarge inventory of quality Greek, Roman, Byzmltine and Biblical coins in all price ranges. Febntary 2-4, 2012 ~ Among the finest Fixed Price Lists and i\laii Bid Sales in the fi eld, ava il able Lollg Beach in print and downloadable foml. 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January 20 12 27 loman Em~rl . 1liVIII VtlpDSion (Dfrer 79 CE). RQtoon Empirl. TItus O! Caesar (69-7 9 ([). ~ OUIM. Goki AurM. The Jewish Wo r (66-70 eEl. SWe(~o t OIype ' W(eI of Yeo! 1. The Jewish WeN" (61t-10 CE) . The Jewish WtI' (66-70 (f). $M.: Q\IOI1 I!1-s11e~ 1 of YICI 1. SIveIId..J-.ekel of YOOI •. GIy Coinoge: ""Gozo...... Coroclllo 001'18-211). The Jewkh WOI (66-70 CE). BIIr Krxhbo War (133-135 eEl. SWet sheil of Yea 4. Bar Krx!iba War (133-135 CEl. The Jewish WeN" (66-70 CE). Siier ~ ~Ierl Ye{I! 1. StIer lIIl of Year 1. SiIm shetll of Yea S. Early Philiitio n (ci iOO 400-3SO Bm EOily Phili$tio n (dl(o 400-350 BCE). 5iIwr QlJOrtE!MM:eI. SoMt QUIlrter-sliebl. loman Empire. Hnw (96-98 m. Oricldoo sestertiJs. ttl' Kodlba WQr (133- 135 ((). lor9t brtnt. 'AW bo' 01 Yeo. 1. Roman Empirl. V~n (69-19 (().l)KhobJm~terti.ot free (alalog and Th. (oll,,'or's Handbook (S6S valu.) fOI new dienB. Please submil audion invoices of 51 000 + in Ihis col.goIY, f,am any soulce. Includ. YOUI conlocl infolmolion and moil 10 Heriloge, fOl 214.409.1425, email [email protected]. 01 call 866·835·3243. fOI male deloils, go 10 HA .com/f(O. 28 The Celator Highlights from the collection will be previewed New York - January 4-8, 2012 london, UK - February 8-10, 2012 Visit HA.com/ Shoshano for further details. The greatest private collection of ancient Jewish coins ever brought to public auction, spanning 1,100 years, from circa 500 BCE to 600 CE, including: A remarkable offering of "Ph ilislian" and "Yehud" sil ver coins struck in the Persian and Hell e ni stic periods. + A w ide selecti on of bronzes struck under the Hosmonean and Herodia n dynasti es , includ ing many grea t rarities. + An amazing offering from the First Jew ish War, including the prototype Yea r 1 shekel lonly two known) a nd quarter shekel (unique) . 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For mo re information co ntact: David M ichaels I Director, Ancient Coi ns I 3 10 -492-86 15 I DMichaels@ HA.com I HA.com/Shos hano Annual Sa les Exceed $750 Million I 600,000+ Online Bidder Members HERITAGE 3500 Maple Avenue I Dallas, Texas 75219 I 800~872 - 6467 I HA .co m AU C T ION 5'" DALL A S I N EW YORK I BEVER LY HILLS I SAN FRANCISC O I PARIS I GENEVA lIY( _ k""",IImoI_0'1;13OO; 1cbo!_ 10'i! l33; IoiIooo """,,, ~1 6 11!S;/Odw;JoI15a January 2012 29 Supernova Cont. from pg. 26 course of such an outburst. a star is least fou r star groups (see Figure 2 in either disrupted completely or split Part I of this article- February 2011 er layers into space with titanic vio apart, its outer layers hurled outward issue of The Cefalor, page 20) and they lence and rising to unheard-of bri l at supersonic speeds while its core is recorded the nova in 4BC ncar Hoku , liance for a period of a few days or crushed to extraordinary density." the three stars in a row, ~ a y Aquila. weeks. A supernova is a similar phe They list five supernovas in 1006, Pulsar 1929+ I 0 seems promising nomenon on a vastly greater scale-it 1054, IISI, 1572 and 1604, and iden because it is located near y Aquila. But results in the more-or-less complete tify their remnants. it spins very slowly and for this reason destruction of a giant star, with an ex The best-known supernova may be astronomers estimate its age at close to plosion that makes an ordinary nova the one in 1054. Chinese and Japanese Lhree million years. This immediately look pale by comparison." A nova or observers recorded its appearance near disqualifies it as a candidate. The reali new star is really an old star that sud Zeta (~) Taurus. It was visible during ty is that most pulsars were formed more dcnly incrcases in brightness and then the day for 23 days. [\ faded slowly than 10.000 years ago. fades back again to its pre-outburst and disappeared from sight after 2 1 condition. The star remains intact and months. Its remains have been identi An Unusual Prospect may repeat the cycle later. A superno lied about one degree from Zeta Tau va, by contrast, explodes in brilliance rus. The star's core collapsed to form Pulsar 19 I 3+ 16 was discovered because the star is literally tearing it an incredibly dense object called a ncar Zeta (~) Agu ila in 1974. It spins self apart and on ly shattered fragments pulsar about twenty miles in diameter 17 times per second and this rapid spin will remain. and spinning 30 times pcr second. The suggests it was formed a few thousand Stephenson & Grcen (2003) ex star's outer layers exploded into an cx years ago. Some astronomers, includ plain: "When a star becomes a super panding cloud of gas and dust called the ing Morehouse and Clarke, think it nova, its luminosity ty pically increas Crab nebula. Both pulsar and nebula are could be 2,000 years old while others es by a factor of at least 100 million, remnants of this supernova in 1054. suggest an age of some 40,000 years after which it fades slowly. For sever Astronomers have identified hun and one astronomer has it much older. al weeks a supernova's light may ri dreds of supernova remnants over the The true age of this pu lsar remains val that of allthc other stars in its home past four decades, and it is challeng unresolved. galaxy combined. Within months or so ing to search the list for a 2,000 year There is something really intrigu at the very most a few years, howev old supernova remnant near Altair (a ing about thi s object. It is actually a er, the star is destined to fade to invis Aquila). Far Eastern observers divid binary pulsar that consists of two fast ibility at visual wavelengths." "In the ed the sky area we cal! Aqu ila into at spinning pulsars bound closely togeth er by gravity. They were formed in two separate supernova events in the past. When they were formed remains un clear at present, but it is conceivable ANCIENT COINS ONLINE they were formed two years apart, the first in 4 BC, and the second in 2 Be. www.vcoins.comlancienUwaynephillips Will future ev idence from this binary pu lsar clarify when these two super novas occurred? Pulsar 1913+ 16 can easily bc plot ted on a modern star chart (see Figure 5). It is 4 degrees from the intersec tion of the three lines in my rendition of Chi-Rho. Another Prospect Pulsar 1930+ 18 was discovered as recently as 2002 just a few degrees north of Altair in Aquila. It is in the modern constellation of Sagitta the Arrow above Aquila. Astronomers have named it the Bul/'s Eye Pulsar WAYNE C. PHILLIPS because it is located at the center of a nebula of dust and gas with the rather P.o. Box 4096 romantic name G54. I +0.3 . The pulsar and the nebula are remnants of the Diamond Bar, CA 91765·0096 same supernova event. The pulsar ANA Life Member ANS Since 1963 spins 7 times per second. When its dis covery was announced in a press re Phone (909) 629-0757 email: wcprc@aol. com lease in 2002, it was reported to have "an age of approximately 3,000 "Serving The Collector Since 1959" years." A subsequent article by eight 30 The Gelator SHOPS The big online coin mall • Ancient Coins Medieval 200,000 coins, medals, banknotes and accessories • • The Holy Roman Em pire • German Coins makes coin buying as easy as • Medals, marks, jetons • Error Co ins child's play • Empire Germany Coins • Colonies • We imar Republic,3. Reich • Allied occupation • BRD I DDR • World Coins and Euro • Gold ... and much more. Ancient Coins Through the Bible By Joseph A. Dow (ANA LM-4688) Published by Tate Publishing This new book is one of the unique books published in the fie ld of numismatics. [n f January 2012 31 astronomers suggested its 19.. age "likelY lies in the range of 1.500 to 6,000 years." T h is pu lsar is very .25' •• close to the intersection • of the three lines in my reconstruction of C hi 0 , Rho as a star group (sec Figure 5). It is also ncar the dot on the Celtic coins that have an enci rcled dOl • o/ftside the eagle fi gure a nd a lill ie above o ne wing. The Bull 's Eye pul sar and nebula could be the remnants of a super nova that appeared be tween 4 Be and 2 Be. An age of 2,000 years fall s within its currently esti \ ' ...... mated age of between *. 1.500 and 6,000 years. It .,. \~~J ' .~ 'i- ~~~:" is 1.5 degrees north of the ·U - l r O~. ._.. _._ .. intersection of the th ree ~ " "I t • lines in Chi-Rho. This is 5 AQUll.A '~ . --\o.~ about the width o f one • ~--.. -...... finger at arm's length. \~ '. . New inforrn3tion on ,_ ...". ., " this pu lsar may lead to a revision of its age in the Figure 5-Pulsar 1913+16 and Pulsar 1930+1852 (Bufl's Eye Pulsar) plotted on a modern star future and the current age chart. of 1,500 to 6,000 years could be narrowed , But wil l it narrow to about 2,000 years? Is this pulsar/nebula pair the "smoking gun" of a supernova event about the time of Christ's birth? In Conclusion George Gamow wrote about super ~a:n~ ([oiRS novas in 194 1: "The most dramatic example of such stellar catastrophes is Your Source for the Best in Ancient Coins. furn ished, of course, by the famous Over 25 years of experience in 'Star of Bethlehem,' which Oared up supplying exquisite, sought-after, in the year 4 BC." Some years later, he explai ned with his usual humor why and rare ancient coins it is difficult to identify it: " Unfortu to discerning collectors nately, the story lacks an important and dealers worldwide. piece of information: the three wise men www.parscoins.com did not bother to measure the right as [email protected] cension and declination of the star or to record at least its position with respect P.O. Box 9667 to the known constellations." San Jose, CA 95157 Matthew's story of the star is simi Tel .: (408) 590. 4815 lar to other records that have come Fax: (408) 867.0950 down to us from the distant past that arc also fragmented and incomplete. These include the comet near the birth of Mithridates of Pon tu s in 135 Be and anot her one when he was crowned king as a teenage lad in 119 Be. They include the comet just after Caesar's assassination in 44 BC, and the comet near the death of Marcus Agrippa in 32 The Gelator 12 Be. They include the star associat Remnant 054.1 +0.3," ASll"O(lhysical Nova in 5BC," Quarterly Journal of ed with Anti'nous- 'around 130 AD. Joumal, 574: L 71-L74, Ju ly 2002. the Royal Astl"Onomical Society 18, Sparse Greek and Roman records pro Chadwick, 0., A History of Chris 1977, pp. 443-449. vide little or no information as to tiallity, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, Lon Clark, D. H. & ER. Stephenson, The where any of these objects appeared don, 1995. Historical Supernovae, Pergamon in the sky. Far Eastern records are Chen, Z. G., The History of Chi Press. Oxford & London. 1977. helpful but they often lack detail. nese Astronomy, Volume 3, Ming \Ven, Clarke. Arthur C., Slrange Skies, We must bear in mind that printing Taiwan (in Chinese), 1987. Mysterious World TV Series, York was invented in China around 800 AD, Chu, Sun II , "Supernovae from an sh ire Television, UK, 1980. and Far Eastern records before 800 AD cient Korean observational records," Discovery of the "Bulls-Eye" Pul are rare and when they do exist they JOllmal (~( Korean Astrol!omical 50- sar, Joint press release by Universities are extremely brief, almost terse. cielY, Vol. I, No.1, 1968. of Manchester and Massachusetts and Greek and Roman records of astro Clark. D.H .. Parkinson. J.H. & F. Columbia dated June 27,2002. nomical events are even worse. The R. Stephenson, "An Astronomical Re reason for this is understandable. Be appraisal of the Star of Bethlehem- A contillued on page 36 . fore printing was invented, it was time consuming and expensive to copy and re-copy ancient written material, and it was usually the case that only the most important books and sacred texts were copied and preserved. This stark reality presents the greatest challenge for any search for supernova records prior to 800 AD. Matthew does not disclose where the star appeared when Christ was born but his omission has not deterred a number of modern investigators interested in a good detective story. One astronomer has even called it "the greatest of all de tective stories." The identity of the star has attracted the attention of people from all walks of life, religious and non-reli gious, theists and non-theists, from ev ery continent and culture, because il stirs our sense of wonder. The search is a gen uine astronomical quest. THE INTERNATIONAL We might think of Matthew's story as a jigsaw puzzle where some pieces do· not come ' with the box' and an in COIN FAIR vestigator is forced to look elsewhere for the pieces that are missing. This article has been an attempt to identify some ~~ tll ru;..>..t~ missing pieces that fit smoothly with the rest of the story. I have taken the part of with International Banknotes, an advocate by my preference for the supernova explanation but there is no Stocks and Bonds Bourse dogmatism in what I have wrillen. I hope you enjoyed reading this .~ March 3/4, quest for missing pieces. Bibliography H~~ ~ ~ ~==.: "0." Bethe, Hans A. , "My Life in Astro ~ ~ Salurday: 9:30 am - 5:00 pm physics," Anllllal Reviews of Astrono :,g Sunday: 9:30 am - 3:00 pm my & Astrophysics, 2003, Vol. 41: 1- 14. (Winner of Nobel prize in 1968 for U M,O,C, ast rophysics.) Burnham, R., Bumhal/l's Cele.\·tial ~~ Freimann Handhook: An Ohservers Guide to the Universe beyond Ihe Solar Syslem, Vol ;~ lime I, Dover Publications, NY, 1978. :sre" MUNICH Camila, F. , Lorimer, S.R., Bhat, ~~ GERMANY N.D.R., Gouhelf, E.V., Halpern, J.P. , Or!lanizer: Munzen Modes Wang, Q.D., Lu , F.1. and N. Mirabel, Rechenbachstr. 17, D-80469 Miinchen, "Discovery of a 136 Millisecond Ra Te l. +49(0)89-26 83 59· Fax +49(0)89-260 90 60 , Internet: www.n umismala .de dio and X-ray Pulsar in Supernova January 2012 33 A Tribute to Greg Franck-Weiby ------engraved a coin die, he would accept by David Peters nothing short of perfection in his work. If the ancient masters could do it, well darn, so could he. When he chose his How does one write a tribute to some food, it was vegan. When he marched one's life and art in a few paragraphs? for peace, it was with a passion for Greg Franck-Weiby died on Novem making the world a better place where ber 11 ,2011. He was known to his So people worked for the common good ciety for Creative Anachronism (SCA) of all, greed was banished, and every friends as Ian Cnulle, the Moneyer of one lived in harmony. When he struck Silberbyrg; to those collecting Tolkien an SeA War Commemorative "groat" coins from the Shire Post Mint as Os with an B-pound hammer, it was with a wald Oakleaf; to those collecting fan love of the "Current Middle Ages" game tasy world coins from the Blue Waters and knowing that all profits would go Mint as Greg the engraver; and to the to buying supplies for his students. ANA coin show world as the curiously Greg lived a simple life in the Ore dressed guy who put on fantastic dem gon mountains where he carried drink onstrations of ancient Greek, medieval, ing water to the house and chopped and early modern coining techniques. trees for fire wood with a double bit Greg Franck-Weiby, as Ian Cnulle, pre Greg lived his life with a passion and axe .. . but not so Spartan as to shun in pares to strike a coin. Photo courtesy a joy inconceivable to most of us. He door toilet plumbing and the mixed of David Peters. was passionate about his art. When he electric joys of the Internet. Greg freely shared his love and vast knowledge of ancient coins, the art of die engraving, and coin manufacturing with any who wou ld listen. Mind you, if ~rofiles in you asked a simple question about a coin, you were in for a long and loving jlumismatics Agnes Baldwin Brett 1876-1955 Agnes Baldwin Breu. the first female curmor at the American Numis ma!ie Society, was bom in 1);76 and grew up in Newark, New Jers.ey She received her B.A. from Barnard College in 1897 and then smdied archaeology at Columhia, receiving I1er Masters degree there in 1900. She then spent two fellowship year:; at the Ameri\:~n School in Athens. where she discovered her inter est in numismatics. From 1910 through 1913. Breu worked as Curator at the ANS. (At the time. the ANS maintained only oneeumtorial position.) Between 1912 and 1914. the Society granted herpennis sion to study abroad at the Cahinet des Medailles in Paris. In 1914. ~he returned to New York to marry George Monroe Breu. a professor of accountancy and curator at the City College of New York. She would return to Greece again in 1924 iiS an associate cunl10r for the ANS in order 10 conduct numis matic research. In 1919, the ANS honored Brett w; the second recipient of the Archer M. Huntington Medal Award for her wo"' in ancient numismatics. During the 19305, Brett n::tumed toCnlumbia to teach courses in numismatics. Herbmad dedication to scholarship is also demonstrated by her work as the chair of the ANS publications committee from 1923-46. where she W,IS known for her high standmls. (Although she stepped down as committee chair in 1946, Brett remained on the conuninee until herdeath in December 1955.) The obverse of a Corinthian-type stater d Bn::tt was a particularly noted authority on the coinages ofthe city-,tates ChiD<; and Lrunpsakos in Asia Minor. of the 3 century BC style, struck on a Her monogmphs on their coinage., are standard works. She also had an interest in Roman Medallions and red hot planchet at the 2009 ANA National published two monographson this wbject. Brett's mo S! highly acclaimed WOIt. Catalog ofGreek Cvills. was Money Show in Portland, Oregon. Photo prIXli.l(;ed during henime Prop.: Dr. Arnold R. Saslow Phone (973) 762-1588· Fax (973) 761-8406 Email: [email protected] Gallery hours: Monday to Saturday 10:00 - 6:00 Lot 134-Sici/y, Syracuse, 5'" Republic Vi sa, MasterCard & American Express Accepted (214-212 Be). AV Diobol (20 silver lit rai), struck ca. 215-214. Giesecke pl. Gift Certificates Issued 26.7. Extremely fine. Realized 36,000 ------euros. {Photo enlarged} January 2012 35 Supernova Cont. from page 33 Faintich, M., Astronomical Sym bols on Ancient and Medieval Coins, McFarland & Co., Jefferson, North Carolina & London, Eng[and, 2007. Farquharson, 1. E, "The Star of Bethlehem," Journal of the British Astronomical Association, 89, 1978, pp. 8-20. Finegan J., Light from the Ancielll Past, Volume 2. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1959. Finegan, J., Handbook of Biblical Chronology, Revised Edition, Hen drickson, Peabody, MA, 1998. Frommert, H. & c. Kronberg, Su pernovae observed ill the Milky Way, www.seds.org, 2007. Green, D.A., "Ga[actic Supernovae Remnants: An updated catalogue and some statistics," Bulletin of the Astro nomical Society of india 32, 2004, pp. 335·370. Hasegawa, I., "Cata[ ogue of An cient and Naked-Eye Comets," Vistas in Astronomy 24, [980, pp. 59-102. Gamow, G., "Our sun is bound to explode," Popular Astronomy, 1941, Vol. 49, pp, 360-369. Gamow, G., "Supernovae," Sci entific American, [949, Vol. 18 1, pp. [9-2 1. Heilland, E, "Die Astronomische Deutung der Vision Kai se r Kon stantins" in SOlldervortrag im Zeiss Planatarium-Jella, Jena, 1948. FINE GREEK. ROMAN, PERSIAN, Ho, P. Y, "Ancient and Mediaeval PARTHIAN & SASSANIAN COINS Observations of Comets and Novae in Specializing in BIBLICAL COINS & ARTIFACTS Chinese Sources." Vistas in Astrono my 5, 1962, pp. 127-225. WWW.ZUZIMJUDAEA.COM Ho, p, Y, The Astronomical Chap See our new website with expanded categories Ters in THE CHiN SHU, Mouton, Par WWW.ZUZIMCOINS.COM is, 1966. We buy and build fine collections Homeit, D., "The Christmas Star, Novae and Pulsars," American Asso , Numistmiltist ciation of Variable Star Observers, MY 11210 Vol. 13 , 1984. Hu ghes, D.W., "The Star of Beth lehem," Nature , Vol. 264, 1976. Humphreys, C.J ., The Star of lJe Ihlehem - a comet in 5 BC- and the Date of the Birth of Christ, G. J[ R. Astronomical Society, Vol. 32, 199 1, pp. 389-407. Ancient Coins Coin Specials at: Jakiel, R. & J. Armstrong, Striking World Coins VColns.coml Ancient Skies', ancient coins reveal the Shipwreck Coins Ancient/conniescoins cosmos, Astronomy Magazine , March Medieval Coios World/conniescoins 2005. Odd & Curious Josephus, circa 95 AD, Antiquities Money oIthe Jews, 17: 167. Or M .hop in Richmond, VA Tokens SROI P •• tlCNQll A,· ~. Kelley, D. H. & E.E Milone, Ex NGC & PCGS Dealer u:mnic37911@ vcri'l-on.nc\ ploring Ancient Skies: An En cyclope Submissions 1104-651-2536 dic Survey of Archaeoastronomy, Springer, 2002. 36 The Gelator Kiang, T., "Possib le Dates of Birth Rossi, G. B. de', Bulletillo di ar of Pulsars from Ancient_Chinese cheologia cristiana I. Rome, October New Titles Records," Nature, Vol. 223, 1969, pp. 1863 . Numismatic Literature 599-60 I. Rufus, C. R., The Celestial Plalli Kidger. M., Th e Star of Bethlehem. sphere ofKillg Yi Tai -l o. Royal Asiat For Sale An Astronomer's View. Princeton Un i ic Society, Seoul, Korea, 1913. versity Press, Princeton, NJ, 1999, Seward, ED., "Neutron Stars in Roman Coins & Their Values Kousoulas, D.G .. Th e Life and Supernova Remnants," Sky & Tele Volume IV, 284-337 Times of Constamine the Great, Rut scope, January 1986. $80,00 .\ ledge, Danbury, CT, 1997. Stephenson, F. R. , "A Suspected Kronk , G.W., Cometography, A Supernova in AD 118 I ," Quar/er/y Catalog of Comets. Voillme J: AII JOllrnal of the Royal Astrol/omica! cient- J799. Cambridge Uni versity SocielY, 12, 1971, pp. 10-38. Press, 1999. Stephenson, F.R. , "Oriental Star Kukarkin, B. V., Kholopov, P.N ., Maps" in Mapping the Sky, edited by Pskovsky, YP., Efremov, Y.N. , Kuka S. Debarbat, et ai, International Astro rina, N. P, Kurochkin, N.E., Medvede nomical Union, 1988. va, G. L. . Perova. N.B., Fedorovich, Stephenson, FR., " Chinese and v.P., and Frolov. M.S., Gelleral Cata Korean Star Maps and Catalogs" in loglle of Varia hIe Stars, Third Editioll, The History of Cartography, edited Astronomical Academy of Sciences of by Harley & Woodward, University U.S.S.R., Moscow, 1971. of Chicago Press, Chicago & Lon Lampe, P. & M.D. Johnson, From don, 1994. Paul to Valentinus: Christians at Rome Stephenson, ER., D.H. Clark and ill the first t wo centuries. Fortress D. F. Crawford, "The Supernova of Press, Philadelphia, 2003. AD 1006," MOllthly Notices oj" the Matthews, G., "Finding the Christ Royal ASlronomical Society, Vol. [80, mas Star," Notre Dame Magazine, 1977, pp. 567-584. December 2 [ 2009, University of Stephenson, ER. & D.A. Green, Notre Dame. Historical Supel"llovae and their Rem Mcivor, R.S. , "The Star of Beth[e lIalllS, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 2002. hem on Roman and Celtic Coins," Stephenson, F.R . & D.A. Green, "A American Association of Variable StUI' Millennium of Shattered Stars," Sky & British Commemorative Medals Observers: Newsleller, January 2002. Telescope, May 2003. & Their Values Mcivor, R.S., "The Star on Roman Stevenson, 1., The Catacombs: $125,00 Coins," Journal of the Royal Astro Rediscovered Monllments of Early nomical Society of Canada, Vol. 99, Christianity, Thames & Hudso n, No.3, 2005, pp. 87-91. London, 1978. MacMullen, R., Constantine, Harp Sun, X. & J. Ki sternaker, The Chi er& Row, NY, 1971 . /lese Sky During the Han, Bri ll , Leiden Menzel, D.H., A Field Guide to the & NY, [997. Stars alld Planets, Houghton Mifflin Tian, W. & D. Leahy, "Candi & Co., Boston, 1964. dates for Pulsar/Supernova Remnant Morehouse, A.J ., "The Christmas Associations," Progress ill Astroll Star as a Supernova in Aquila," Journal amy, Vol. 22 · ~·-- No. 4, Hong Kong, ofthe Royal ASIIVnomical Society of Can 2004, pp. J08-3J.J. ada, Vo l. 72, No.2, 1978. pp. 65-68. Tirion, Wi l, Cambridge Sky Atlas, Mosley, J., "Common Errors in 'Star Third Editioll, Cambridge University of Bethlehem' Planetarium Shows," Press, 2000. Planetarium, Third Quarter, 1981. Wang, Z. & Z. Li. " Is SGR Needham. 1., Sciellce ami Civiliza 1900+ 14 Associated with the 4 BC 'Po lioll ill China, Volume 5, Pari j , Cam Star"!" Astrophysical 10l/mal 569, bridge Un iversity Press, 1974. 2002: L43-L45. Nickiforov, M. G., "History of Chi Wei ler, K.W .. "A New Look at Su nese Astronomy .Through Observa pernova Remnants," Sky & Telescope, Each plus 56.00 shipping tion s of Nova Outbursts," Bulgariall November 1979. AslrOllomical lournal j 3, 2010. Williamson, R. A., Living the Sky: Pliny the Elder, circa 75 AD, NaI The COSIII OS of the American In dian, Charles Davis ural History. Houghton Miffl in, Boston, 1984. P.O. Box 547 Pohlsander, H.A., Th e Emperor Wil pert. G., Ein cYc!lIs christo/ Wenham, Mass'" 0 1984 Constantille, Routledge, London & ogischer Gemalde ails der kalako NY, 1996. mbe der heilegen Petrus und Mar Te[: (978) 468 2933 Fax: (978) 468 7893 Pskovskii , Yu. P., "Survey of Stel ce!linus, Freiburg, Germany, 189 1. [email protected] lar Outbursts of the Pretelescopic http://w.-.>·w.vcoins.comiancicntlcharlcsda vis Era," Soviet AstIVnomy, Vol. [6, No. I, 1972, Moscow. cOlllinued Oil page 44 .. January 2012 37 ets that cannot move. Their heads compensate by being able [ 0 turn more than 240 degrees in either direction, reversing so swiftly that some observers have had the ill usion of being fo l lowed in a complete circle. Owls are stealthy hunters too, well camouflaged. si lent and deadly. No wonder the owl was adopted by Ath Owl Eyes and ena, Greek goddess of war and craftsmanship and pro Camtacus 1_ U Owl Eyes" gold stater, ca. 45-10 BG, with horse tectorof Athens, which was composed of crescent moons, found in 1994. Only awarded to her by the Two exceedingly rare ancient Brit four others recorded. Sold by Ghris Rudd, 11 July twelve gods and named af ish coins, sold in July aflas! year, have 2011 , £2500. ter her. One of the many interesting stories behind them. The first great rarity is an "Owl Eyes" type cient British Coills and convener of the gold stater of the Corieltavi tribe, recent Celtic coins conference at Ox whose name means "army of [the god ford University (December 10, 2011), dess] Litavis" or "warband of the says the "Owl Eyes" coin is an impor broad land." This "Owl Eyes" stater tant type because it can be die linked was found by a metal detectorist at to the earliest inscribed gold stater of Ulceby Cross, Lincolnshire, in 1994- the Corieltavi, struck by Vepo "the the same year that the earliest known voice," son of Cor. whose full name rendering of an owl, created around might be Corionos "army chief' or 30,000 years ago, was found in a cave Corrios "the dwarf." in southern France. In the ancient world the owl sym Only four other examples of the bolized knowledge, especially esoter "Owl Eyes" stater are recorded, two ic knowledge- not surprising really of which came from the Beverley when you think how well owls see in hoard and are now in Bridlington Mu the dark. Owls have extremely keen 2- First known picture of an owl, ca. seum. Dr. John Sills, co-author of An- vision. Their eyes are set in bony sock- 28,000·30,000 Be, found by Jean Marie Ghauvet in a cave in southern France, 1994. names and epithets of Athena is glaukopis, which is usually translated as "grey-eyed" or "owl-eyed." I guess that's why we see the wise, wide-eyed, killer-owl o n the coins of Athens, watching over the city by night. And maybe that's why we see a stylized owl THE PROFESSIONAL NUMISMATISTS GUILD, INC. 0", 55 YEARS of KNOWLEDG E, INTEGRITY & RESPONSIBILITY Founded in 1955, the PNG is a 1I01l -profit OIganization, comprised (~fthe top rare coill and paper money experts from all aroulld the world. For more information on the PNG, please contact: Robert Brueggeman, Executive Director 28441 Rancho California Rd., Suite 106 3-Silver tetra drachm of Athens, ca. Temecula, CA 92590 450-404 Be, with Athena, goddess of Tel. (95 1) 587-8300 Fax (951) 587-8301 wisdom and war. Note crescent moon to left of owl. Sold by Dix Noonan www.pngdealers.com email: in[[email protected] Webb, 22 June 2011, £7,200. 38 The Gelator 1890 Supplement to Th e Coins of the 4-Was Corio Allcient Britolls. eltavian god· Ten years ago, Dr. Philip de Jersey. dess Litavis an archaeologist in Guern sey and linked to Indi· former keeper of the Celtic Coin In an gearth· dex, challenged Muret's reading and mother " said that the legend appeared to be •~ Prthivi? Relief CA R. He also said: "Th ere are no find of goddess spots, and one cou ld argue th at the at 6-Caratacus silver unit, ca. AD 40·43, "she who tribut ion to Cunobclin is debatable, found in Hertfordshire and restored to makes a loud despite the broad styli sti c similarities Caratacus by Elizabeth Cottam in July, noise ~ riding and the di fficulty of suggesting a via 2011 . Only three others recorded. an owl. Uttar ble alternati ve" (Cu ll obelin's Silver, Pradesh, In· Britallllia 32, 2001, 18). Earlier th is dia, 1()'h_ ' l 'h year a findspot and a " viable :ll terna cOII/jlllled Oil pag e 46. .. century AD. tive" both emerged. on a gold coin of the Corieltavi, whose main tribal deity could well have been Kenneth W. Dorney the earth-goddess Litavis, whose name is cognate with the ancient Indian Classical Numism atist Prthivi, who in Vedic hymns is repeat edly referred to as "mother earth ." says Since 1988 Professor Joh n Koch. Pro\·idi ng collectors and dealers wi{h ancient coins and antiquities The second rare coin I want to tell nC3 rlya (luaner cenrury. Our current invcntory can be dewed 31: you about is a silver unit of Caratacus "beloved chief," the famous British freedom -fi ghter who waged guerri ll a www.coolcoins.com warfare again st the Rom an arm y for eight years, unti l he was bet rayed in Special for Celator readers: Enter the: di scount code o f 'celator' on AD 51 by Cartimandua "strong pony," checkout and receive a 20% discount on your order. queen of the Brigantes. For 120 years LONDON AN C IE N T COI NS LTD ~AcC l ONDO N /\ NC I1:NT CO t NS LTD 5- Cara tacus silver unit in BibliotMque Nationale, Paris, incorrectly attributed ONLINE COIN SHOP AND AUCT ION S to Cunobelinus by Ernest Muret in 1889 and Sir John Evans in 1890. this coin type has been wrongly attrib uted to King Cunobelinus, the fa ther o f Caratacus, because the French nu WWW.LACOINS.NET mi smatist, Ernest Muret, had origi na ll y read the in sc ription on the Par londonancientcoins@gmail. com is specimen as CAM-short for Ca /Ill/Iodl/IIOII (modern Colc hester), the capital of Cunobelinus. Sir John Evans ( 182 3- 1908), the father of ancient British numismatics. also gave the coi n to Cunobelinus in hi s January 2012 39 Lanz Cont. from pg. 35 was one of the rarest gold coins of the German Empire, the Wurltemberg 20- Mark piece, 1913 F, in very fine to ex tremely fine condition (no. 790, 16,500 euros). Traditionally, Numismatik Lanz has a strong clientele in Ital y. That is testified by the results achieved in this section . Not a Single piece was re turned. And an extremely rare testone of Carlo Giovanni Amadeo, who, as duke, ruled over Sa voy from 1490 to 1496 (no. a1a, very fi ne), became the third most expensive coin of the auction with its price of 18,000 eures. However, it shared this place with Lot 738-Austria. Maria Theresa (1740-1780). AV Gnadenmedaille of 14 ducats, not dated. (M. Donner, Vienna) on the Bohemian Cor onation. Holzmair 29 (in gold not verifiable). Realized 11,000 euros. a Russian silver coin: a very rare quintuple schautaler of Peter the Great by Christian Wermuth, minted in 1697 on his 'irst visit to Europe (no. 890, very fi ne), increased six fold its es timate 01 3,000 euros. These were just a few highlights of the auction of Numismatik Lanz. Lot 706-Byzantin e Empire. Zoe and We already wonder what auction Theodora (April-June 1042). AV Hista house Lanz will offer for sale next menon Nomisma, 1042 AD, Constanti year. For anyone unable to wait until Lot 818-ltaly. Savoy; Carlo Giovanni Amadeo nopolis. DOC 1. Of the greatest rarity. then, Numismatik Lanz continu- (1490-1496). Testone, not dated, Turin (?). Extremely fine. Realized 50,000 euras. Gnecchi 4971. Extremely rare. Very fine. Re- alized 18,000 euros. BECOME A MEMBER OF THE ously conducts auctions at eBa y. To check it out, please click at http:// THE SWISS NUMISMATIC SOCIETY www.ebay.de/ sch/numismat iklanzl m.htmI?JkN=&_armrs=1&_from=&...P9=100 The Swiss Numismatic Society was founded in 1879: si nce 189 1 it has The results of auction 153 can be published its annual journal, the Revue Suisse de Nllmimwliqlle (RSN)/ viewed at www.lanz.com. Schweizerische NUlllislI!ali scile R//Ildschou (SNR), and since 1949 its quar terly, the Schweizer Mii ll zbliirtel' (S M ). Editor's Note ConI. from pg. 2 The Society promotes all branches of numismatic science, not only those I visited John the day after Thanks concerned specifically with Switzerland: articles on classical, med ieval, and giving. and he showed me his copy of modern coins. medals and paper money all appear in the Society's journals. the Red Rose Coin Club's 50-Year His and are written in either English. French, German or Italian . tory. He didn' t say anything about it, Membership is open to anyone interes tcd in numismalics, whether they are which was not unusual for him. but I collectors, dealers. or scholars: the Society sponsors lect ures and meetings could tell he was proud of the finished where its members and friends can discuss the ir interests in a fruitful and product. co lleg ial way-including a yea rl y Numismatische Ta ge Schwciz, with lec The Red Ro se Coin Club of Lancast tures, visits, and a festive dinner. er. PA is the host club of the 20 12 ANA For marc information. please refer [ 0 our website www.num isuisse.ch . World's Fair of Money in Philadelphia which will be expanded in the very near future. next August 7- 11, and I am the Host Club Chai rman. If it were not for John Becomi ng a member is easy, just contact us-we will help you to join our Eshbach 's influence and guidance, I numismatic community and further your numismatic knowledge and enjoy doubt that our club would be the hos t menl. club, nor would I be the chai rma n. M embership costs CHF 130 a year for ove rseas members (120 for Europe Hopefu lly, we can help the ANA pro and 110 for Switzerland), but only CHF 70 a year for those under 30 (60 duce another bloc kbuster convention, for Europe and 50 for Switzerland). and honor the memory of the quiet, dis Pl ease contact us at contac [email protected], or write our Secretary, M r. tinguished ex Marine from L ancaster, Pi erre- A. Zanchi, Chemin Cure 6 B. CH-J008 Prilly, Switzerland, or send Pennsylvania that lived the Corp's mot him a fax at +41 21 728 65 61, or an emai l to pmzanch i @b luewin.ch. to until th e very end: Semper Fidelis "AlwllYs faithful.'· 40 The Celator later Egyptian periods. The Bible de scribes such tri bal standards as being in use during the period of the Exo dus. Where humans are depicted. they are usually engaged in such common aclivities as hunting and fighting. A separate class of painted pOt tery in the period has geometric de signs, including circles, spirals, and scales. Since these designs usually appear on shapes that clearly imi late stone vessels of the period, they may have been intended to mimic The Symbolic World natural patterns in the stone. Dior ite. a very common stone for these ofNaqadaH lug-handled pots, has putlerns of Pre Dynastic Egyptian inclusions, which though not exact ly the same, might we ll have served Painted Pottery as a source of inspiration to the con In Egypt proper, as opposed to Nu temporary pottery painters. bia, where outside influences were at The painted pottery of this period A Naqada /I Egyptian painted pot in the Lou work , pa inted poltery is onl y found in is relatively scarce. It is also highly vre Museum, Paris. Photo by Guillaume a few periods: notably. the Pre Dynas desirable to modem coll ectors. and Blanchard, Wikimedia Commons. tic. New Ki ngdom, Classical, and thus commands very high prices at Coptic periods. In the New Kingdom, auction. Because the style is so easy to moluminesccncc, will not work, as the painti ng was largely decorative and imitate and many more undecorated but underl ying vessel is ancient. Totally not figural. wh ile in the Classical pe genuine vessels are on the market than f:l ke pots also exist and are difficult riod it was influenced by Greek and painted ones, it is not uncommon fo r 10 detect on style alone. so the collec Roman prototypes. Copti c paint ing forgers to paint a genuine but unpainted lor must be part icularly careful in con was, like the decorated tex ti les o f the pot in modem times. Such repainting can sidering the purchase of one of these period, mostl y a development of classi be detected by scientific examinati on but objects and an expert should be con cal themes. However, in the Pre Dynas some of the usua l tests. such as ther- su lted whenever possible. ti c period a unique fi gural painted style is characteri stic of the Naqada period. This style was highly absuuct and linear but for the most parI cohesive. It favored 3quatic themes such as riv er fauna and boats bUI also depictions of the adjacent marshlands. In some cases, the an imals of the desert be yond, such as an telope. were sh9wn. It is questionable whether actual dei ties are shown. although totemic ani mals may be. Certain ly. we do not see the lInimal-headed hum:m deities so common in later Egyptian art. How ever, some scholars have post ulated that a few human figures appear 10 be worshipping others. Many of the boats bear standards, which may be sy mbols of divi nity. although it has also been speculaled that they were the symbols of the various ports along the Nile. Another theory is that they are tri bal standards, a practice that survived in to Say that you read it in The Celator January 2012 41 By examinin g the coins on which they were struck, Lonnqvist con cludes that the countermarks were struck on the coins after 29/30 CE but before 41 C Eo Lonnqvist refers to a portion of Acts: Now there was a certain man at Caesarea named Cornelius, a CClI I!lrion of what was adled the Ital ian cohort.. (Acts 10: I) This cohort was comprised of Ro Countermark with the letters C n man citizens and may be identified flanking a palm branch on a coin of Countermarks on with the Cohors /I Itahca, known Valerius Gratus (Hendin 1340a; left from inscriptions, and Lonnqvist photo) and Pontius Pilate (Hen din- Procurator Coins argues convincingly that this ·'had 1343d; right photo). These letters been th e detachment which applied may be the abbreviation of a Greek Fr. A. Spijkerman published a the countermarks on the coins of the word that means "cohort," possibly countermarked coin of Valerius G ra Roman prefects of Judaea. The dat referring to a portion of the 1,000- tus in 1963; it was the first noted ex ing of this passage of the text of the man unit of the Cohors II ll alica that ample of a countcrmarked coin of a Acts and the countermarks coincide was garrisoned in Jerusalem. prefect or procurator of Judacu. In well , the countermarks having been 1993, Kenneth Lonnq visl published applied after 31132 AD and before Judaea in 37 CE to escort Agrippa I the most detailed study to date on 41 AD, and the text of Acts being to his ne w kingdom in Judaea, and these coins and noted there were "to pl aced around 40. This new evidence then stati oned in Caesarea. That unit our knowledge 20 counlermarked from the countermarks of the Judae was then divided into three smaller coins of Valerius Gratus and Pontius an provincial coinage lends strong units, which were garrisoned in Pilate." Since U:innqvist's paper was support to the credibility of the New Jerusalem , Caesarea. and possibly published, we have seen on ly lWO Testament on this point. Epigraphi Masada. While there is no real indi additional examples of counter cal material shows that this cohort cation of where the countermarking marked coins of Pontius Pilate, had been transferred (back) to Syria operation was located, Lonnqvist hence a total of fewer than 25 by 69." believes it was in Jerusalem, "which known. Lonnqvist also cites a number of must have been the most important The counterrnarks, which occu r passages in the book of Acts that dis garrison of the cohort and where its on Valerius Gratus coins oflhe palm cuss a certain Roman citizen cohort, rolc was to restore order after Pi branch type (Hendin 1340a) and on or a part of it, that was stationed in late's rule." coin s of Po ntius Pilate (Hendin the Antonia fortress in Jerusalem at E ven though these counter 1343d), consist of a palm branch around the time St. Paul was appre marked coins of the prefecls and within a circle. Sometimes the let hended there. procurators are extremely rare to ters C n flank the palm branch. Liin And while they were seeking to day, Lonnqvist has identified at least nqvist identifies the first letter as a kill him, a report came lip to the 12 different countermark dies. thus Greek " sigma," which often appears commander of the Koman cohort indicating that the number of coins in thi s fOfm (lunate) on provincial that all Jerusalem was in confusion. counterm arked by the Second Le coins and inscriptions. He believes (Acts 21:31) gion Cohort must have been consid that this is an abbreviation of a Lonnqvist concludes that this erable. Greek word that means "cohort"- a unit, stationed in the Antonia, was a tactical military unit, which was a portion of the I ,OOO-man unit of the Copyright © 20 12 major element of a legion. Cohors /I llalica transferred to by David Hendin ffiH. D. RAUCH GmbH Vienna RAUCH Numismatist and Auctioneer since 1969 For Ancient, World Coins & Historical Medals ' h Ih Next Auction 89: December 5 -8 Bid live from your location by computer! Primed catalogue also available. Please contact us: 01143153333 12 E-mail: [email protected] Visit our shop: www.hdrauch.com Write to: A-IO 10 Wien, Graben 15 (Europe) 42 The Celator LETTERS Tim Wakes Continued/rom page 4 Spe(;ialist in Medi~"al and Islam ic Coins was actually a numismatist. This idea is accepted today by everyone who fails to study the subject. Anthropologist David Gra eber (To ward An Anthropological Theory of Value : The Fa lse Coin of Our Own PO Box 150 Dreams, Palgrave Macmillan, 200 1) Battle East Sussex asserts thai no so-called ~ p r i mitive~ e-mai): [email protected] TN330FA society has ever shown evidence of www.wilkeseoins.eom evolving from barter to money. Grae www.vcoins.com /ancienl/limwilkes UK ber pOints out that barter is what mon ey economies revert to when current coin fa ils. Mon ey, says Graeber, was invented solely to keep track of debts. While hi s own communi st-anarchist fear of monetary debt must warn us, Early his science seems acc urate. It sup ports the non-ideological research of Islamic & Oriental Denise Schmandt·Besseral (How Writ ing Came About, University of Texas Coins Press 1996). literacy evolved from numeracy. Large numbers such as five, six, and seven, were invented as a re sult of thousands of years of use of clay www.vcoins.com/najafcoins tokens representing debts. Independent developmen t in the www.najafcoins.com New World substantiates the claim that money evolved from ritual gift ex change. This rests on ~ debt " being per ceived as a social obligation , not just CULTURAL CHANGE the transfer of stuff. We know that wampu m was invented by Hiawatha to Jewish, Christian, and Islamic Coins of the ameliorate conflicts between tribes. (See Curious Currency: The Story of Hoi!;! Land Money from the Stone Age to the In DAVID HENDIN ternet Age by Robert Leonard , Whit man , 2010, Odd & Curious Money by Charles Opitz, First Impression, 1986 and An Ethnographic Study of Primi tive Money by Charles Opitz, First Im pressio n, 2001.) Not every Bronze Age culture be gan with copper tool s. In any case, copper does not hold an edge . Gold and silver, while pretty, are also even less useful. Understanding the devel opment 01 bronze and then iron tech nologies is a separate challenge far beyond my own reading. I leave it to others to clarify that fo r us. As for coinage, many theories have been offered. After 20 years of study -+Full color throughout, 128 pages, sturdy soft-cover binding . ing this myself, t believe that Ronald -+Signed, numbered edition (of 250 copies) available on first- M. Cook is most correct: coins were invented as bonus payments-not pri come , first-served basis. $40.00 plus sh ipping. mary payments- to mercenaries. How -+Order from the American Numismatic Society ever, this means that the orn amental http://numismatics.org/Store/CulturaIChang e or markings like ly had no pro mi se of weight or purity. That function came orders @numismatics.org -+ 100% of proceeds to the American Numismatic Society cO llli/wed 011 page 46 . January 2012 43 against the MOV. No word yet as to lecting forces, SlO p by the Cult ura l the fate of that MO U, but j udging Property Observe r blog (by Peter from past State Department practi ce Tompa) at: http:// it will probably be passed and signed cult uralpropcrt yobserve r.blogspot.coml i nto law so me ti me a round t he Chris tmas holidays, when they hope That is about all thi s month. We no o ne wil l not ice. wish all of our readers a Happy Holi Then, on December I ", 20 I I , a day and a safe New Year. MOV between the State Department And we hope that you didn't for and the Government of Greece gov get to leave your comments on th e ern ing the restrictions on importing Cyprus MO U. certain classes of (mcient Greek coins took effect. The memo covers certain Supernova Cont. from pg. 37 Little by Little. bronze and si lver coins minted within the boundaries of modern Greece from We Lose Some the classical through Roman periods. Xi. Z. & S. Bo, "Ancient Novae and Freedom There arc many curi ous hol es in the Supernovae Recorded in the Annals of list o f ba nned co ins. s uch as the Chi na, Korea. and Japan and Thei r A Memorandum of Understanding drachms of Alexander II I arc covered, Significance in Radio Astrono my," (MOU) is a bil ateral agreement be but apparently tetradrach ms arc not. Acra A.I"tronumica Sinica, Vol. 13, No . tween two (or more) parties to set rules Greek bronze coins through the late I" 1,1965, pp. 1-2 1. and term s of cooperation to reach a century BC are covered and then Ro Xu , Z., D.W. Pankeni er & Y. Jia ng , specific goal. For example. the Ant man provinci al bronzes from the 2nd Ea.\"( A,\'ial1 A rchaeoastrollomy: Histor arc tic Treaty is a form of MOU thai century BC through the 3n:l century ical Records of Astrol1omical Oln'er govern s the peaceful ex ploration and A D. And , curiously. there is no men I'(ItiollS of China, Japal/, alld Korea, scient ific study of the vast Antarctic tion of gold at all. We would have Gordon & Breach Science Pub lishers. region. At its best, MOUs provide a thought that gold coins, from their Singapore, 2000. framework for peacefu l internationa l relative rari ty. would have been more Yeomans, O. K. , Comels: A Ch ro- cooperation. And al its worst. it can "culturally signi ficant" than common 1I 0iogiCll I History of Observations, be used as a tool of oppression. bronze coins. Scient'e, My th and Folklore. John As ancienl coins collectors and Then again. wh at do we know? You Wi ley & Sons, NY, 1991. dealers, most of the MOUs (and at should read the full memo to absorb Youn g, EM., M.1 . Edward s & P.M. tempted MOUs) Ihal we are currently all of the fi ner nua nces on what is and Parvis, 5111ditl Patristica. Vol. XXXIX imcreslcd in in volve agreements be isn' t banned from import . Full details XLII. Papers presenre(/ at the 14th In twecn the US Slate Department and of the memo can be seen here: ternatiollal Conference on PlII ristic host countries over importing of an tutp://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR- Studies held ill Oxford, 2003. Leuven. cient coins. Or rather banni ng the im 20 1 1-12-01/htmIl20 1 1-30905.htm. Paris & Dudley. M A, 2006. port of ancient coins. Unfo rtu nately, On the o ther ha nd, the C yprus it seems like the MOUs just keep on MOU is curren tly open for comments About the (llI thor-Roben S. Mci vor coming. on extending the original agreement was born in Ireland in 1946 and moved In late October, the Bulgari an gov on ancient coins signed in 2007 . With to Canada in 1968. He holds a Fel low ern me nt started the process of creat typical State Department sneaki ne ss, ship degree from the Insurance Insti ing an MOU with the US State Depart the comment period is sho rt and takes tute of Canada, and he has been an in ment to ban the import of art ifacts. places during the hol idays . For detai ls surance claims investig ator for 30 incl uding all coins minted from 7500 on Ihe MOV sec: years. His hobbies include numismat BC through the 19 1t1 century AD. The http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkglFR- ics. astronomy, and chronology. This comment period closed in early No 20 11 -12-07/htmI120 11 -3 1408.htm. is his sixth article for The Celli/or. vember. with most of the comments on Fi nally. for the latest information the ancient coin issue and 7 1% of them in the ongoi ng fi ght with the anti-col- When you con tact the dealers advertising in thls issue, don 't forget to tell them that Learn All About Collecting Ancient Coins y ou saw their a d in www.ancientcoinmarket.com ~ The New Articles Monthly ~ Celator 44 The Gelator Actually, that core philosophy be-· raised, the issues_arc usually masked .. hind {he "American Way". what Amer in controversy and complex ity. Taking icans think of as their fundamental on the Bureaucracy head-Io-head is rights, is constantly being challenged truly an ad ventu re in frustration. both by external and internal opposi The old saying that absolute pow ti on. The question o f fede ra l ri ghts er corrupts absolutely is not applica versus states rights led to a major civ ble just to despots. Within a system il war 150 years ago in which the fed where checks and balances are no eral view prevailed. Through the pow longer in play, there is a ripe environ er consolidated in federal authority at ment fo r the nurturing of spec ial in that time, came a new order in America lerests. One savvy bureaucrat in the where di rect representation was diluted righ t place can have a tremendous in by a rapidly growing and powerful bu fluence on the interests of a single per Capital "B"ureaucracy reaucracy. This necessary element of spective. One might ask, is it really so government was never envisioned by the bad if a special interest gets its way There have been several "schol ar fou nding fa thers as becoming fu nction now and then, but the broader inter ly" discussions in recent years about all y autonomous. Consequently, the sep ests of the nation are provided fo r in "who owns the pas t" or w ho owns arati on of powers that was incorporated the long run? That's almost a rhetori objects from the past. Everyone seems to provide checks and balances within cal question. because again it depends 10 agree that "we" own both Ihe past the fe deral system has proved ineffec on one's point of view. and it s objects. What is in dispute is tive in dealing with the modern over Should the Bureaucracy be a stew the definition of "we," Is that we in reach of bureaucracy. ard for all of society? Is it the role of divi duall y. or we as a group? Do "we As a result. a century tater, the Bu governmen t to serve as an agent for the people" of an individual nation reaucracy (now a capital " B") has social change? T hese ominous ques state or homogeneous ethnic group about the same relalionship to the Peo tions can arise from seemingly innoc have congregate rights that we person ple that the emperor had in Rome. The uous sit uations, even in the pursuit of ally do not possess? If so, how are legislative body holds very little sway a centuries old avocation like coin col those rights decided nnd protected? over the Bureaucracy, and in many re tecting. Should the Bureaucracy take Historically, the question of rights gards has become the servant of Bu sides in a debate over private owner has been decided by one overriding cl reaucracy rather than of the electorate. shi p and trade in coins? Should the Bu ement of social organization-pow The executive office, being a revolv reaucmcy interpret federal law with a er-and power is nearl y always vest ing door. is virtually powerless to in bias toward one social view over anoth ed in the hands of Ihe state. The rights fluence the Bureaucracy in any sub er view with equal rights? What recourse of individuals have varied consider stant ial way. is available to the People, or to a per ably from state to stule, but the con Whether th is turn of events is a son. if Bureaucracy goes astray? cept of property rights or "ownership" good thing or a bad thing depends pret These arc not imponderable ques typically tracks along wi th the form ty much on one's poi nt of view and the lions, they are questions of fu ndamen of government wielding power with im pact of Bureaucracy on one's most tal rights and are therefore questions in it s sphere of innuenee. During the immediate personal issues. The most of concern 10 the People, not just to a past century, diverse fo rm s of gov obvious impacts (good or bad) are seen special interest like coin collectors. ernment like Communism, Social in lhe areas where widespread crisis They are question s that should be ism. Dictatorships and Democracy ca n quickly emerge, like health care, weighed by an unb iased court of en have im posed on their ci tizenry di law and order. disaster control, nation quiry, either in the Juslice system or amet ri call y opposed views about al security, finance, etc . There are, the Legislat ive branch of government. property rights. When social unrest however, myriad ways in which Bu Bureaucracy is here to stay. make no or extern al force changes a form of reaucracy can affect indi viduals with mistake about that. but does it get a government, property rights also are out drawing attention from the mass free pass to operate wi th impunity? s usceptible to change. es. These effects arc often cloaked and In the American form of Democra insi dious. Even wh en objections are cOilIinued on page 46 .. . cy. power is theoreti cally vested in the government through a process of di rect representation. The agencies wield ing that power arc all subject at Ancient N"ll sO llle poi nt to the authority of an elect ed official. Those who administer the Research laws of Ihe land serve at the will of the people in a plural sense, not at the will of a person. In theory, the gen "advancing Dr,iv~rte, eral will o f the public provides th e mandate for law and authority to e n fo rce the law. So i n a n ideal • Resident Se.nl...... world, the concept o f private own • Independent ership and individual rights that American capitalism and American • Focus Group society evolved from would serve as the guid ing light o f government. January 2012 45 Rudd Cont. from pg. 39 Letters Cont. from pg. 43 Sayles Cont. from pg. 45 A metal deteclorisl unearthed an later. Also, for these electrum nuggets The iss ues thaI ancient coin col· other specimen of Ih is elu sive silver to be valued at all, a previous devel lectors face with the St ate D epart coin-only the fourth known-in Hert opment was required, one not fully ex men t Bureaucr acy are nOI al a[ 1 fordshi re, heartland of the Catuvel1au plored and understood today. Cook's unique. A simple searc h w ill bring nl tribe, probably at a sile nen T Hemel theory fails to account for the rap id up thousands of stories about prob Hempstead, where Evans lived and (one century) develop ment of coinage lems ex perienced and d i scontent worked most of hi s life, My owl-eyed for commerce, wh ereby distant cities among the masses. A t so me point. coll eague Elizabeth Cottam acquired struck to common ratios for conve· one might hope thai the situation this coin, realized th at the name on the nience. Just to say: even the strongest might improve, Meanwhile, the need reverse was indeed CAR not CAM, and theory on this is not complete. to actively oppose bu rea ucra tic published it as "an unrecogni zed coin For many years, the Encyclopedia overreach i s real and immed iate. of Caratacus" (Chris RI/lld Lisl 118, Britannica carried Charles Sellman's July 2001,5). " He fought so hard for article, · M oney.~ Sellman touted his Britain," says Liz, "I think it's only fai r own ucommercial theory" fo r the inven· that he gets the credit for issuing this tion of coinage, to the exclusion of all coin. not his dad." Coincidentally, Dr. others. In his time, several were of· Alice Roberts foc uses on Caratacus in fered. Considering the etymology of the third Digging for BriTain TV pro ~ mo ne la " from th e Te mple of Juno gram (BB C2, August 2011 ). Moneta ("the Warner"), Ernst Curti us theorized that coinage began in tem· Photo Credits pies because they attracted surplus I. Photo by Chris Rudd . woodcut wealth. Thirty years later, the discov· by Thomas Bewick. 1797. 2. J-M. eries of what we still consider the old· Chauvet. E. B. Deschamps. and C. Hi· est coins al the Temple of Altemis al laire, Dawn ofArt: The Challl'et Cave, Ephesus would seem to have substan· the Oldest known Paintings ill the tiated thai; but Se ltman ignored it to· World. New York, 1996. 3. Dix Noon tally. Curti us was likely wrong about an WCbb, 22.6.2011, Lot No. 1013. 4. that, but , it is interesting to note, again , Til e Book of Symbols. Eds. Ami Ronn the temples of Sumeria are now ac· berg :.md K athleen Manin. Taschen. Co cepted as the origins of debt, tokens, logne, 20 10. 5. Detai l from stained gl:lSS nu meracy, and literacy. window in Mool Hall. Colchester Town When it comes to the history of Hall, Photo© Miranda Aldhousc-Grcen. money and the origins of coinage, add Boudic(l Britannia, 2006; coi n drawing it up as you wish, the tallies are only of BN 9564 by Paul Sellier in J. Evans, subtotals. The COill.5 of the Ancient Britons, 1890. Michael E. Marotta 6. Chris Rudd. Austin, Texa s ISay that you read it in The Celatorl /lARCUS AURWUS BRA/PLUS , TH~ ~~W~ST CHATOR AT TH ~ IMP[RIAL MI~T , D~CID~STO 'UHP OUr-BY TAKI~G SO M~ WORK H O M~ · RAV~~~A gS C.~ . HO~.sL I WAS (J(J~~A BRING IT ALL BACK ON /lOPDAY_. Rl:ALLY ••• BWfVf /If!1I d OHI BW~\Il: YOU._BUT WHAT ABOUT THO!:~ OPf·WAY nCKfTS TOTH~ d'W-:'" SOUTH 0, gPAIN •• !? 46 The Gelator Professional Directory ( Antiquities & Coins) ( Antiquities & Coins ) ( Antiquities & Coins ) HD ENTERPRISES F~AGt\eJTS Of 1t\~ ;;:rI;9V:,;'lJ;Jl;'lILC~I;'E'J.f.T~ >- Antiquities >- Indian Artifacts & Pottery MUSEUM-QUALITY ANCIENT ART T1('E5'IS'll'l('E5 >- Pre-Colum bian Artifacts Specializing in Greek, Roman, >- Ancient Coins ... and more! Egyptian and Etruscan >- Buy- Scl1- Tradc-Consign Antiquities Attn: Hank Johnson r!i P.O. Box 22082CL. Denver. CO 80222 PO. Box 376 The Time Ph: 3 03-69S ~1301 Medfield, MA 02052-0376 Online Catalog: www,hd r;:·im;,!;ll:1ll Machine Co. E·mail: ma j@ix nr;:tco!ll.colll Tel: (508) 359 - 0090 eBay Sell L'I" Nmnc: hd enterprises E-mai!: [email protected] Fine Archaeological Art and COins Contact us for our complimentary Harlan Berk, Ltd. catalogue 01 fine antiquities P.O. Box 282 - Flushing Sla. J. Queens, NY 11367 Visit us on the Intern et al: Chicago's Full Seroice Dealer (718) 544-2708 http://www.antiquities.net Since 1964 - OUT48 th Year Originator of the '~- II I : \'" I -' Buy or Bid Sales Approx. $1,000,000.00 of Coins &: (' ~ Nl \,[\\\ \1:\.. Antiq uities In Every Sale 3 1 North Clark Street • Greek _ Biblical • Roman _ Judoean Chicago, Illinois 60602 • Byumlini! _ Allliqllilies PH (31 2) 609-00 18 Fax (3 12)601.)· 1309 E·Mail: [email protected] Company m·b. Site: www.hcraklcs-inc.com • www.har1 a njberk.com~..t "Coins Store: J _t!"I G www.\.coios.com/hera kles I'erry Siegel I'On",,411f)611 Charl() II ~ , NC l ljl 69 ANTIQUARIUS (704) 991·1707 Robert Loosley Professional dealer since 1969-ex Seaby . and Antiquities 91 www.antiqui lies.co.nz antiquarius@ xtra.co.nz ~ CoinArt.net Ancient Co ins & Artifacts Biblical Antiquities ONI Numismatic Gifts Delll'u , CO 80206 Ancient Art 303·321 -735/ gal/ay 305-785-53/5 Info8(o ; n~rt . ""1 PO Sox 3356 Iowa Ci ty. IA 52244 Phon~: (319) 621·4327 To lI . F r ~: 888-853·7866 January 2012 47 Professional Directory ( Books & Coins ) ( Coins ) C~ _____C~o~i~ns~ ____) KOLBE &FANNING Brian Krill RUb»IK NUMISMATIC BOOKSELLERS NUM ISMATICS Dealer in Ancient & Medieval Coins S,Jecializillg ill Allcielll YOUR SOURCE lOR ANCIENT GREEK 60 ROMAN Greek, ROII/(lli & JII(laic Coills RARE AND OUT 01 PRINT WORKS BYZANTINE ON ANCIENT NUMISMAncs EARLY RUUIAN MEDIEVAL BALKAN P.0 .8. 6955 . S""l lN. G\ 9S I SQ..69SS. USA AVA IL AB LE FOR SALE AT ( _mail : rudnik@. rudnlk.co m WWW.NUMISLlT.COM " ...... rudnlk.rom OR IN OUR REG ULARLY SCHEDULED AUCTIONS P.O. Box 558 Burtonsville, MD 20866 141 W. Johnstown Roa d · GGha nna, OH432 30 (301) 236-0256 · fa x (301) 989-1796 Tel: {614J 41(.1)855 • Fax: (614 ) 414-()860 e-mail: BrianKriH@aotcom www. n u m is ti l. ( o m · d f@num i ~ i l.com DAVID R. SEAR ISLAMIC & INDIAN can supply autographed copies of COINS all his publications. From the earliest times Now available: to the present day ROMAN COINS AND TH EIR VA LUES, VOL UME IV $85 pillS S12 shippillg ill 'lie U.s. Fred B. Shore Special dedication inscriptions on requcst The perfec t gift for yourself or the Classical Nllmismatics Ancient Greek, Roman alld collector in your life. lists regularly, Price issued Parthian coi!u of the highest available llpoll request O RDERS MAY BE PLAC ED quality bought and sold on my website: www.davidrscar.com STEPHEN ALBUM by mai l: P O. Box 73 14, P.O. BOX 7386 PO Box 398 Porter Ranch, CA 91327 SANTA ROSA, CA . 95407 U.s.A . SchwenkSVille, PA 19473 (610) 504-8222 by phone: (818) 993-7602 phone: 707-539-2120 E-mail: [email protected] by fax: (818) 993-6119 www.steveal h um.com , ClASSIC CoINS OF Glenn Schinke \\-\\ \\. \ o rkc()1 ns .colll GREAT BRlTAIN, Numismatist Ruman Cellie G REECE AND R OME Look for liS at: Ja n. 27·29-S,,,, Jo$.C Coin Show. Doubletr"" E ngliIh, SrolliJh Hotel. 2050 Gateway Pl.. San Jose. CA & lrish Ha"I!'Nr ~ J W I< PUBUSH HIGH OUAlf l1' f eb. 2A_Long Beach Coin. Stamp & Collect ihles Expo.lon; Beach. CA Com'ent;on Clf, Ellropean ll'/eJitl",j PAPER-AND-INK C1TAl1XJS- Feb. 1O-l2- Bid, International Coin Show. AN ANNUAL ,\MlLAUCFION Masonic Cenlcr. San Marino. CA Feb. 26--Van Nuys Coin Show. Masonic Hall. ",,,if P.O. Box 160 Red Hook NY 12571 AlVD cxx:ASJOJ\'AL PRiCE U S'I'S • 14750 Sherman Way. Van Nuys. CA p/»IIt (718) 544 0120 fox (7 18) 5440120 ( __ I amoo),@)'Orkcoin •. com A~k fa be added ro Ollr "';lillJ:~t. March 2-4--Las Vega~ Numismatic Society Coin Show. Palac.: Station I-iOIel & Casino. 2411 West Saharu A ....: .. Las Vegas_ NV t IJ/~l/ k .\I;JJYtie J>~, Nit.>n March 1O-ll- llueoa I~Jrk Coin Show, Retail Clerks Hall . 8~50 Stanton A,·c" near Koot\'s "DaviJjsOll.S Berry Fam> Ltd_ P.O. Box 337 1 PO Box 323 Rosemead, CA 9 1770 Cold Spring, MN 56320 York Coins email: [email protected] (626) 446-6775 • Fax (626) 446-8536 \l,.. 48 The Gelator Professional Directory ( Coins ) (__ __C:::;o::.:;in"'s'--_~) C~ ____ ~C~o~in=s~ __~) CALGARY COIN GALLERY AN CIENT & J\'IEDIEVAL COINS SPARTAN Ancient Coins, especiaUy 12 C a esars Gold NUf1'Sf1ATrQS Roman, Gret!k and Large 11ta1ers, PO Box 19 1486- 1800, In Exttptional Qu.wty Furlong, PA 18925 also slock World Minor Coins, GREEK - RO~' I AN - BYZANTINE Medals, Crowns, & Artifacts (2 15) 343-9606 BRITISH - EUROPEAN -ISLAMIC CHINESE· PARTHIAN - SASSANIAN Our inventory is among Free Illustrated Catalog JUDAEAN _ (NDIAN & MUCH MORE the finest in Amcrica (AS WI( I,[, ,\S TilE ~IO U EII.N WORLU) Occasional Lim Availabl.: Attractive, Low Priced YOUR COIN SHOP JAMES E. BEACH Ancients ON THE INTERNET NumisceUaneous Medieval www.vcoins.comlcalgarycoin p.o. Box ll3. Owosso. 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We ()ffer frequem Anciem 8",x"in Price LislS Bachelor of' Arts , Numismatics which t'< mt"in 0 nice ulecti()n ()fthef()lI()win/?: Ancient, Medieval, Early Ancient Gre.k Coin< (,i"'er & American Numismatics Greek Imperial Coi o, Roman Egyp!ian Coins Jud""ln & Biblical Coins Coins of rhe eO'""""",""",,,, C"ins of the Twelve C""sar> Roman Republ ic C"in, ' Roman 'm,<","",,'"' Byzantine Imperial Coim ' Early coins "f England , Scolla nd. & Ireland ' Anglo-Gallic Wrile for your free copy of our laresl 8argain Price Li.l/ of Allcielll Coins Dealers ill Ancielll coills since 1%5 441 S. Ashland Lexington, KY 40502 M &RCOINS (859) 269· 1614 P.O. Box 7 Palus Park, lL 60464-0007 Email: [email protected] (708) 361-9523 www.JKernCoins.com Fax (708) 636-4247 Warden Numismatics, LLC Specialists on Coinages of NUMISMATIK Greece, Rome, the Near East, Early Central Asia & India LANZ MONCI-IEN Islamic & Oriental Dr. Hubert Lanz Coins Derek P.B. Warden Luitpoldblock. Maximiliansplatz 10 Classical Numismatist D-80333 Mtinchen. Germany www.vcoins.comi Tel. (49) (89) 29 90 70 ij...... P.O. Box 121 Fax. (49) (89) 22 07 62 ~ } najafcoins Wyncote, PA 19095 USA ~, wwwJanz.com "'."•••• •• e-mail: [email protected] Ancient to Modem Coins around the clock www.najafcoins.com TeLlFax: 215-884-672 1 at www.taxfreegold_de ( Numismatic Services ) ~RFI! Coin Cases, AI~ums 'M&g.,{ S C and Accessories ,){umismatics, Ltd. ---- .0;..., COl~~~- .JlSCT OOM The FREE collaborative numismatic research website Alfredo De La Fe Fixed Price Lists Telephone (91 7) 287-5512 Public Sales' Appraisals alfred @coinproject.com Buying and Selling Conlucf Lucien Birkler Supporl your P.O. Box 65908 Washington. D.C. 20035 1800LL "~ .m. Road WWW.COlncaseS.comW... mm ••• • PAt ,.,4 Celalor Advertisers Tel. 202-833-3770 · Fax 202-429-5275 ." ,g, .. ME 50 The Gelator Professional Directory ( Coins ) ( Coins ) ( Coins ) Visiting: San Francisco? The Silicon Valley? Pegasi Stanford University? NU MI S M A TICS TREASURE Ann Arbor, MI Holicong, PA Visit... ISLAND Classical numismatists serving We carry a farge invento';!y of beginners Ihru advanced col/eelors Ancients as well as the largest Free Illustrated Catalogs Philatelic stock in the Bay Area. Siama k Ahgha ri Classical Greek, Roman, Numismatist TREASURE ISLAND Byzantine, and Medieval Coins of Greek, Roma-I , Coins, Books & Antiquities 3703 EI Camino Real Scleucid, By:wlliinf, ric. Palo Alto, CA 94306 P.O. Box 131040 SjH'clfllizing ill Ea stern C()inage (650) 855-9905 Ann Arbor, MI 48113 po. Box 9667. San Jose. 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Dorney in~.tom (li;laliliical .Jilumilimatilit COIN AUCTIONS lIya Zlobin Numismatic Greek, Roman, Byzantine and Italian Coins Antique Expert Papal Coin s Aulhentic Ancient Greek Bililical Roman Byzmtine Papal Medals Coins and Antiquities with Certificates of Authenticity and On the Web Since 1995: www.artemideaste.com Lifetime Gmuanlee of Authenticily www.coolcoins.com [email protected] '"",...... , .. , .d P.o. Box 493362 v;.... c;;.,, ( Coins & Books ) ( Coins & Books ) C~ __ ~C~o~in~s~&~S~b~ow~s~ __) Ancient COins, WEISS Antiquities, Literature COllECTABLE SAI.F5 & Related Collectibles! ANCIENT-MEDIEVAL' EARLY FOREIGN Bought, Sold and Auctioned! QUALITY COINS FOR EVERY BUDGET OItt. I>Jrhl! Oldest Finns inl/1t' U.S. VISIT OUR TABLE AT THESE SHOWS: dealillg ill Allcielll Coila! It!lf",(UiQllal Mwdativn of Feb. 2A- Long Beach Coin Expo, Pr%siona/ N"",islHlIIisIS In ~ mb", .• in<'~ 1970. Convention Center, Long ileach. CA All proor auctiou ca ! a l ~u es, Feb. 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Modem Irish Coins :md Proofs, and Top dollar paid ror single coins Irish Paper Money. or entire collections Post Office Box 324 Del Parker Claremont, CA 91711 USA info @i ri shcoins.con (909) 625-5426 1·2()6..232 -2560 WWW.I'CQills.com/klrkdm';J' P.O. Box 7568, Dallas, TX 75209 ( Coin Cabinets ) sRhin~ . Mahogany Coin Cabinets Numismatics ART FOR ETERNITY "".LL.:I<1 HOWARD M. NOWES, DIRECTOR Oriental Greek • ISlamic 0 parthian 303 EAST 81 STREET, N.Y. NY 10028 USA Www.vcoins.com/spbinx VISIT US AT WWW.HOWARDNOWES.COM Handcrafted 917.733.4165 from solid mahogany TEL. 905-947-0954 ymishri ki @sympatico.ca CANADA ( Numismatic Services) ww-w-.CabinetsByCraig.net 1'08".123t Fm:v. lJ( 7:ID1 (In the United States since 1980) LONDON COIN GALLERIES As you're reading of Mission Viejo this, think about Specializing in ancient hoards and large co llections PenelopeCoins.com how many other The S h op~ at Mission Viejo Sui Ie 27, Mission Vi ejo, CA 92691 Hobby numismatics, people are reading Ph . (949) 364-0990 0 Fax (949) 364-5290 www.LCGMV.com olondoncoin@r.:ox.nct places and databases it too--Advertise! 52 The Cefator Celator Classifieds On The Road - Rates: $5.00 for the first 20 words, 20¢ each additional word. , I The Celalo!'s ArtisOpusGallery.com. Ancient Coins FOR SALE: 1,000+ Ancient, Medieval ':: Uow & Club and Antiquities. Antiquarian Engravings and World Co ins and medals al Schedule and Books.]041l21 www.civitasgal1eries.com. We also buy ~ collections. Please otTer: 608-836-1777. Jan. 4-8, 20 12- New York Inter BRAIN FOOD- Ancient, Colonial, [10112 1 national Numismatic Convention, Modern Coin, Currency, Tokens and Waldorf Astoria Hotel, 301 Park Medals book and catalog selections Ave., New York City from extensive numismatic library as~ Send a free copy of Jan . 21 -Wilmington Coin Club sembled over many years. Will e-mail Show, Nur Shrine Temple, New Cas lists on request. Contact: tle, Delaware spcnccrpeck @comcast.net. 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Box 10607, Lancaster, PA 17605 (single insertion prepaid rates) TelfFax: (717) 656·8557' E·maii: [email protected] Annual contract & multiple insertion Notes for Authors & Contributors discounts available All contributions to The Cefator leases and rights are submitted at Call or write for more are welcome and encouraged. As the time of publication. infonnati on or a copy of a popular journal, it is our goal to Man uscripts should be submit our current rate card ! serve as a venue toeducateand en~ ted in Microsoft Word format, and tertain our readers, and to provide can be sent as an e-mail attach a forum for the interchange of ment. Please contact the editor for C3C ideas. The editor does reserve the additi onal information about pho right to edit and/ or modify any tographs and other illustrations. submission to insure compliance Please do not send photographs as with our editorial policies. We can e-mail attachments before contact • not guarantee the publication of ing the editor first. The Celator any submission. Preference will be Manuscripts and illustrations P.O. Box 10607 given to original, previously un can also be sent to the Editor clo published material, but previously The Celator, P.O. Box 10607, Lan Lancaster. PA 17605·0607 published articles, etcetera are caster, PA 17605-0607 or TelfFax (717) 656·8557 welcome provided the proper re- [email protected]. Email: [email protected] January 2012 53 Club & Society Directory Ancient Coin Club Twin Cities Orange County of Chicago Ancient Coin Club Meets the 4,h Monday of the Meets the 4th Thursday of the OCACC month (e cept D~ a 6..r. m at month at 7: 30PM at Immanuel Ancient Coin Club th e resea C li brary of Harl an J. l utheran Church, 104 Snelling Ave., one block south of Grand The OCACC meets on t~ 4th Soturday of the month Berk, I:td. at 7;; W. Washington, from 1:30J.4:)OPM Of the Fountain Valky Public 13,h Floor,t in downtown Chi~ Ave. in St. Paul. MN. For more Library. The library i. 10<: •• 00" 17635 U,. Alamo, information, please visit the club's S.reet in f ountain V.lIey, PI•• "" conla'" Breit Telford caga. or infor arion, please at (909) 965·2909 or at [email protected]"comfo. website at www.tinyurl. com/ details on future mooting., write: AC.fC w5wkn. www.roc.loo;ns.wmJOCACC.htm P.O ) ,!ox' 933, Ch;cago L 606ifl} 933. www.anc"e~t-cOin..-C lu ~cago . com DAWN :7Incienl %,mismalic Pl ease jOiiT"Our monthly dis- Denver Area World 0OC,"iy ojWashin'l/on, ,])C cussion of Greek, Roman and Numismatists Usually meets the 3m Sunday of each Biblical coins and antiquities. Meets the "tFr iday of each month at 7PM at Calvary Chapel located month at 2:00pm. Please join us for our at 9052 W. Ken Caryl Ave near So. programs and discussions of ancient nu Ancient Coin Club Garrison Street in littleton, Colo mismatics and history. Por more infor rado . For collectors of AnCient, Me mation, please contact First Consul Mike ofLosAngeles dieval and World coins. All are wel Mehalick at 301-552-2214, GENIOA [email protected] nd ~Ca ll Bill Rosenblum at 720- Meets the 2 Sunday of the 981-0785 for further information. http://answ.ancicnKinfo. month at lpm a t the Com munity Room in th e Sher man Oaks Galleria in Sher VANCOUVER ANCIENT man Oaks, CA. For more COIN CLUB information, please visit The Vancouver. BC Anciem Coin http://www.accia .org. Cl ub usually meets the second Sunday of each month from 2- 4 pm at the McGill Branch of the Burnaby Library. 4595 San Francisco Ancient Albert Street, Burnaby, ncar Willingdon and Hastings. For Numismatic Society more infomlation, contact Paul Meets the 2nd Saturday of each at 604-314-4976 or email month at 2: JSpm at Fort Ma son, San Francisco. Guests are welcome. For further infonna Classical Numismatic Assoelatio" of Det>icMet> tion, please contact the club at Society of the 13\jza"fj"e Collectors SFANS@ancient -coins.com. Delaware Valley Meets Saturday at 11 :00 AM at major M eets the 2nd Saturday of each events: January NYI NC, Summer ANA, wit h guest speaker and mutual month at I :OOpm at Camden PAN - The Pacific display of treasures. Annual dues are County Library, 15 MacArthur $10. Contact the Empress at Ancient Numismatists Blvd. , Westmont, NJ 081 08. For [email protected]. Dues to Meets the 2nd Sunday info rmation, please call Dick ADBC, P.O. Box 585, Okemos, MI ~. 'P.j{....,( of the month at 1 :OOpm Shultz at (856) 667-0346. 48805-0585; (5 17) 349-0799 . .::. rJ at the Bellevue Public library in Bellevue, ~ WA. For further infor- Wayne G. Say!es. mation write to PAN at Ancient Coin Executive Director P.O. Box 1384, Langley, WA 417-679-2 142 98260. www.pnna.org/pan Collectors Guild http:lAvww.accg.us P.o. Box 911 Dues are $35 per year. please Join a Club & Enjoy Gainesville, MO 65655 send to ACCG. P.O. Box 91 1. Your Hobby Even More! Gainesville. MO 65655 54 The Ce/ator INDEX OF DISPLAY ADVERTISERS Club & Society Directory Album. Stephen ______...... " ...... 48 Amphofa . 43 ANACS ______...... 19 Ancient Coin Market (ACM· Ll _____ ...... 44 Ancient Imports ___ ...... " ...... " ...... 51 ( Numismatic Services ) Antiqua lnc.. .. ______20 WIN Antiquarius _"" ...... 47 ApoloniaAncient Art 47 Art lor Etem ily Ga~ery 52 Women In ArtemihA ______...... " ...... 31 Fragments of Tim ~ ___ " ...... 47 www.womeninnumismalics.com Freeman & Sear ______" 27 Reach a targeted audience. G_rg AlJC'iooeetS, Ira & Larry ..... "." ...... " .... ___ 21 Gorny & Mosch Giessener Mun,handl""g GmbH ..... 27 Classified ads get results! HD Enterprises 47 Herakles Numismatics. Inc_ 47 Heritage Numismatic Auctioos, loe ...... 28 &. 29 Hirsch, Gerhard Nachf. l3. Jencek Historical Enlerprise ...... " ...... " ... 8 Kern Co .. Jonathan K. _ 50 Kolbe &. Fanning LlC _" ...... 34, 48 Krin. Brian 48 K (j n~e r, Fritz Rud<>1 . 25 London Ancierlt Coins Ltd ...... " ...... 39 l ondon Coi n Ga lleries 01 Mission Viejo ...... 52 Malter GaHanes Inc_ " ...... " ...... 52 MA-Shops_com ...... 31 Menorah Coin Store 17 MOIlon & Eden Ltd ...... " ...... " ...... " ... 33 MCtnzhandlung Riner GmbH ...... 49 Murphy, Barry P ...... 47 M & M Num ismatics, Ltd ...... " ...... 50 M & R Coins 50 MOn,en und Medail ",n Companies ...... 10 • Dealers • Najaf Coins _ _...... " ...... 43, 50 New Yo, k International Numismalic Cony ___ -...... 9 • Numismatists • Curators NGCAncients ______.. " ...... " ...... 13 Nilus CoinsIB iII Kalmbach.. . ____ 49 • Collectors librarians NUMISMATA Munich 33 • Num ismatica Ars Classica NAC AG ...... _ 12 Teachers Num i sm ati ~ Lanz MUochen . . _ 50 • Antiquarians • Parker, Doll _____ " ...... " ...... 52 Pars Coins 32 , 51 • Classicists Peanman, Richard 41,51 Pegasi Numismatics ...... " ...... 5. 51 • Archaeologists PenetopeCoinS.CQm .-...... 52 Peus, Dr_ Bu$$O Nachfolger .... " ...... 18 Phillips, Wayne C ______..... _...... 30 Subscribe to the award-winning publIcation, Professional NumismatislS Guild ...... :J.8 Rauch GmbH. H. D 42 Rosenblum, LLC, William M. _,, -...... 6, 51 specializing in ancient and medieval coins, online at Rudd. Chris ______...... "" ...... 4, 49 Rudnik Numismatics _".- -...... 48 www.VCoins.com/ceIator or send in the below coupon. SAFE Colfectill\l SUpplies 50 Soya !he Manatoo Clob . 46 Sayles & lavender 45 -- _...... ------Sayles, Wayne G., Antiquarian 50 Please include me as a subscriber to The Celator: Sch i n~e , Glenn 48 Sear. DaWl R ______...... " ...... 48 Shofe, FredB.. . .. ______48 Name Subscription Rates: Spartan Numismatics __ ...... 49 Sphinx Numismatics ...... 52 (1-year/2-yea r) Stack'.·6oW(!rs and Ponterio ...... 3 Address Steinbe rg·s . Inc_ 49 $361 $60 United States Swiss Numismalic Societ ~. .. _____ -' ______40 City ______Time Machi"" Co_ _ _...... " ...... 47 $45/ $82 Canada TreaSlJre Island 51 ______z;p $751 $138 International TrustedCoins_oom 51 Slate VAudions.com _ " ...... 15 (Visa/MasterCard Accepted: VCoins .com ...... 11 Vosper. Mike 52 Checks fOI Canada and Interna D Enclosed is a check or money order Waddell, Edward J_ Ltd 22,48 tional subscriptions must be in Warden Numismatics, LLC _ _. " ...... 50 D Please bill my MastercardNisa US $ drawn on a US bank) Weiss Collectabfe Sales 52 OvetSeas delivery by air-femail WikIWinds.com ...... " ...... ____ 55 Wilkes, Tim ______""_ ...... " ...... 43 arc WIN-Women In Numismatics 55 Mail to: Tile Celator Visa or Mastercard # Ye Oide Curiositie Sroppe 35 P.O. Box 10607 York Coins ______...... ". 48 Lancaster, PA Zuzim Ju ~------~ January 2012 55 Franck-Weiby Coni. from page 34 simple to follow steps. All you had to do was hil print and run to your workbench with paper in hand 10 advance your skill. He gave freely of his time to teach Once, I sent him a trail strike of my the art of coin die engraving. He spent honeybee of Ephesus coin. He re plied countless days and pages of back and simply: "It is beautifu l.~ I answered, "This forth email detailing exactly how and why is not Ihe Greg I know, what's wrong wilh Obverse and reverse of a "Da/er of New Dale, " 1 oz. fine silver. Shire Post Mint. Photo courtesy of Truemark Photography. his students could and should try for il?" Four pages of detailed text later, I perfection. Greg's analysis of his slu knew enough to make my next giant leap dent's work was incredibly insightful, forward in die carving. frankly honest, and full of joy. Even He spent countless days studying and through email, Greg could explain where testing how to make punches for a partic The obverse and reverse dies for an and how to improve your die carving in ular lettering style on a coin; which tools a experimental bronze die modelled on Greek die engraver would use to smooth a 3'" century BC Rome denarius. Pho a wide field on a portrait coin; whether to to courtesy of Truemark Photography. use specialty punches or engrave a fea· ture so as to be true to the original style; index.php?litle",Moneyers_Guild how to make Greek, Roman or Celt die hllp:/Iwi ki .ant i r. sca.o rg/ and coin blanks; and so much more. He index.php?title=lan_Cnulle was good enough to make coins that could Most of the coins at these sites are pass for ancient artifacts. He was too hon Greg's work: est and loving of his art to do so. h tip :lIwww. sh i repost .com/ How does one do a tribute to someone's COinage.hlml life and art in a few paragraphs? It is not pos http://www.bluewatersmint.com/ sible. Perhaps the best way is through pic Greg's closest friends seek any and tures of his art and in his own words: all information about his life works with An IE follis style coin for Marion Zim· http://www.gmmnut.com/gmm/sca/ a goal of publishing it on a web site. mer Bradley, and modelled after an 8 rh sca .html htlp:llwww.windward.org/ush/ Please send your stories, pictures, and century Byzantine Irene solidus. Pho loken/loken10.htm anything you wish to share about Greg to courtesy of Truemark Photography. http ://wiki.antir.sca.org/ to [email protected]. You can now read COIN NEWS, the UK's biggest selling coin magazine for less than $2 a month! For just *$16 per year we will send you an on line version via an e-mail link every month direct to your inbox, fully searchable with e-mail and web addresses hot linked. 56 The Celator WWW.CNGCOINS.COM • COIN SHOP· GREEK - ROMAN - BYZANTINE MEDIEVAL - WORLD - BRITISH Inventory regularly updated • ELECTRONIC AUCTIONS • 24 auctions a year, featuring 300-500 lots per sale • PRINTED AUCTIONS • View and place bids online in our printed sales • AUTOMATED WANT LISTS • Receive notifications on specific items you want as soon as they are available - no obligation • BOOK LIST· Over 150 titles on Ancient, British, and World coins • RESEARCH • Searchable archives on over 67,000 coins we have sold • Subscriptions are available • For our printed catalogs - consult the web site • Company Goals • Customer Service • Excellence in Research & Photography • Consignments • Accepted for the printed and electronic auctions • Buying • All the time • Ancient - World to 1800 - British Classical Numismatic Group, Inc Post Office Box 479 • Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17608-0479 Tel: (717) 390-9194 • Fax: (717) 390-9978 [email protected] fiB HARLAN J. BERK, LTD 31 N. CLARK STREET, CHICAGO, IL 606021 T: 312-609-0016 [email protected] Macena Barton (1901-1980) Alexander the Great gold stater, Athens silver tetra drachm, c. 336-323 B.C. Confederate Stonewall c. 440 B.C. 0 Q Jackson $500 1935 Silver Certificate Gregory Orloff (1890-1981) Bar Kochba Revolt tetradrachm, 132 A.D. 453" George Inness (1825-1994) ~ 11 :w Ii I Roman Marble Torso of Young Dionysos, c. 154-284 A.D Constantine the Great AB, 1899 Oncpapa Sioux Chief $5 Silver certificate 0 <.0 307 -337 A.D. Egyptian Bronze Hawk, ()-()____ . 19.01. $.10".fWS'fn Note c. 715 -330 B.C. Greek Attic Ceramic Skyphos (Cup), c. 440 B.C. George Wesley Bellows (1882-1925) Constantine the Great five siliqua, 330 A.D. ~ 160lHB German States 1652 Massachusetts Pine Tree Shilling Saxony Silver Thaler Outsider Artist-Elmer Saunders (1960's) 1907 St.Gaudens High Relief . 0 I I I I 0 Justinian I follis, 538-542 A.D. 1900 Russian Gold 5 Roubles Jerusalem Tyrian 1895 Puerto Rican Silver Peso type shekel. 33 A.D . 1872 British 0 • 0 ' Gold Sovereign Cleopatra and Mark Antony denarius, 34 B.C. STORE MAP KEY Indian Sandstone Titus Colosseum sestertius, 80-81 A.D . - Greek Coins Stele of Shiva, Nero Port of Ostia sestertius, c. 64/65 A.D. c. 16th-17th Century A.D. - Roman Coins 1864 2C piece . I II 0 1776 8 Schillings - Byzantine Coins Corinthian silver stater, 500 B.C. Greek Bronze Corinthian Colonial note Helmet c. 6th Century B.C. - Judean Coins Ezio Martinelli (1913-1980) luristan Bronze Dagger, - Antiquities c. 800 B.C. Brutus 'Eid Mar' Zeus Olympic stater, c. 416 B.C - U.S. Coins denarius, 42 B.C. - World Coins Viking bronze and silver - Paper Money Cnossus Minotaur jewelry, c. 7th cent. A.D. Decadrachm of Syracuse, c. 400 B.C. Widow's Mite, 1st century A.D. - Paintings stater, c. 450 B.C.